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GEK 116281
November 2008
GE Energy
These instructions do not purport to cover all details or variations in equipment nor to provide for every possible contingency to
be met in connection with installation, operation or maintenance. Should further information be desired or should particular
problems arise which are not covered sufficiently for the purchaser's purposes the matter should be referred to the GE Company.
General Electric Company, 2008. GE Proprietary Information. All Rights Reserved.
GEK 116281
The below will be found throughout this publication. It is important that the significance of
each is thoroughly understood by those using this document. The definitions are as follows:
NOTE
Highlights an essential element of a procedure to assure correctness.
CAUTION
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which, if not avoided, could result in minor
or moderate injury or equipment damage.
WARNING
INDICATES A POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS SITUATION, WHICH, IF
NOT AVOIDED, COULD RESULT IN DEATH OR SERIOUS INJURY
***DANGER***
INDICATES AN IMMINENTLY HAZARDOUS SITUATION,
WHICH, IF NOT AVOIDED WILL RESULT IN DEATH OR
SERIOUS INJURY.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
GENERAL .................................................................................................................................................. 5
EQUIPMENT ............................................................................................................................................. 5
A. Gas Flow Measurement (Coriolis Meter-96FM-4/MG2-4) ................................................................... 5
B. Safety Shut off System........................................................................................................................... 5
C. Gas Strainer............................................................................................................................................ 5
D. Gas Fuel Auxiliary Stop Valve (VS4-1) ................................................................................................ 6
E. Stop/Speed Ratio Valve (VSR-1) .......................................................................................................... 6
F. Gas Fuel Control Valves (VGC-1, VGC-2, VGC-3, VGC-4) ............................................................... 7
G. Gas Fuel Vent Valve (VA13-15) ........................................................................................................... 7
H. Thermocouples (FTG - 1A, 1B & FTG-2A, 2B) ................................................................................... 7
I. Pressure Gauges ..................................................................................................................................... 8
J. Pressure Transducers (96FG-1A, 1B, 1C) ............................................................................................. 8
K. Calibration of Fuel Gas Pressure Transducers, 96FG-2A, 2B, 2C ........................................................ 8
L. Gas Purge Pressure Ratio Monitoring (96GN-1, 96GN-2, 96GN-3, 96GN-4)...................................... 8
OPERATION.............................................................................................................................................. 8
A. General................................................................................................................................................... 8
B. Pre-start Conditions ............................................................................................................................. 11
C. Startup & Loading Operation............................................................................................................... 11
CONTROL................................................................................................................................................ 14
A. P2 Pressure Control.............................................................................................................................. 14
B. Gas Flow and Split Control.................................................................................................................. 17
C. Gas Fuel Temperature Compensation.................................................................................................. 19
D. Gas Purge Control................................................................................................................................ 19
PROTECTION ......................................................................................................................................... 20
A. P2 Pressure Control Protection and SRV Position Control Protection ................................................ 20
B. Independent Flow Path Purge Protection............................................................................................. 21
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. DLN2.6+ Fuel Nozzle Arrangement....................................................................................................... 9
Figure 2. Startup and Shutdown Mode Sequence ................................................................................................ 10
Figure 3. Gas Fuel Leak Test Function Block Diagram....................................................................................... 13
Figure 4. SRV P2 Pressure Control Algorithm Diagram ..................................................................................... 15
Figure 5. SRV Stop/Speed Ratio Valve Control Schematic................................................................................. 16
Figure 6. GCV Control Algorithm Diagram ........................................................................................................ 17
Figure 7. GCV Control Schematic ....................................................................................................................... 18
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. DLN Mode Staging Diagram ................................................................................................................. 10
Table 2. Protective levels and actions for the Gas Fuel System Gas Pressure .................................................. 20
Table 3. Independent Flow Path Purge Protection ............................................................................................... 21
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APPENDIX
Figure A1. Simplified Gas Fuel System Schematic .......................................................................................... 22
Figure A2. Simplified Gas Fuel Purge System Schematic................................................................................ 23
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I. GENERAL
The Gas Fuel Systems function is to provide accurate and repeatable gas fuel flow, and flow split control
for a multi-stream fuel injection system DLN 2.6+. It also provides safe and reliable isolation from the
gas fuel source. The DLN 2.6+e control hardware and the control system are described in this document.
See Appendix 1. Simplified Schematic of the Gas Fuel System and Gas Purge System.
II. EQUIPMENT
The Gas Fuel System consists of a gas flow meter, fuel gas compartment of the accessory module/fuel
gas module and the gas turbine on-base equipment. The fuel gas compartment of the accessory module/
fuel gas module houses both the gas fuel system and gas fuel purge system. A brief description of the
systems overall major components is given below. See Gas Fuel System Articles for further details.
A. Gas Flow Measurement (Coriolis Meter-96FM-4/MG2-4)
Coriolis flow meters measure mass flow by taking advantage of the Coriolis Effect; the inertial
effects that arise as a fluid flows through a tube are directly proportional to the mass flow of the fluid.
In a Coriolis flow meter, vibration is induced in the process-fluid-filled flow tube(s), then the mass
flow rate is captured by measuring the difference in the phase of vibration between one end of the
flow tube and the other.
B. Safety Shut off System
The Safety Shut off System is comprised of two separate valves, a Stop Valve (VS4-4) and a Vent
Valve (VA13-18). These valves are located outdoors, upstream of the Fuel Gas
Compartment/Module (FG1). They stop and vent (to atmosphere) the fuel gas to the GT in the event
of Fire Detection, Hazardous Gas Detection, and E Stop activation. Each valve is pneumatically
actuated via a 3-way solenoid valve, 20VS4-4 Stop Valve and 20VG-8 Vent valve. Each valve has
limit switches to indicate open and closed position; 33VS4-4 / 33VS4-5 Stop Valve and 33VG-8 /
33VG-9 Vent Valve.
C. Gas Strainer
A strainer is provided in the fuel gas supply line upstream of the stop/speed ratio valve. The gas
strainer is a last chance strainer. The purpose of the strainer is to stop foreign objects or materials that
may prevent the gas turbine from operating/shutting down safely. The strainer is not designed for
continual fuel gas clean up. The strainer utilizes a differential pressure transducer 96FGD-1 or switch
63FGD-1 along with a differential pressure gauge installed across the strainer to monitor blockage.
The pressure transducer or switch initiates an alarm to the turbine control panel if the gas differential
pressure increases beyond a specified setting. During operation, the strainer differential pressure
should be closely monitored. If an alarm is registered, the strainer should be inspected and if required
cleaned. All strainer contamination shall be considered abnormal and the source of contamination
shall be verified. All strainer maintenance shall be performed in accordance with the manufacturers
recommendations. Each strainer is equipped with a lockable vent valve that vents to FG2, see MLI
0422 for additional information on location of strainer vent valve and instructions for venting the fuel
gas to a safe area.
Prior to strainer maintenance, the upstream and downstream pressure shall be zero. To determine the
downstream pressure, utilize the pressure gauge FG-1 and pressure transducers 96FG-1A, -1B & -1C.
The upstream pressure can be verified by using the differential pressure gauge FG-3 and differential
pressure transmitter 96FGD-1 or switch 63FGD-1. When using the differential pressure
General Electric Company, 2008. GE Proprietary Information. All Rights Reserved.
GEK 116281
gauge/transmitter/switch to determine that the upstream pressure is zero, the downstream pressure
shall be zero; the sensing lines to the differential devices shall be open; and the pressure equalizer
valve shall be closed.
The fuel gas strainer may be one of the following types Y Strainer, Duplex Strainer, or Multi Element
Strainer. All three designs utilize a metal mesh filtration element.
1. Y Type Strainer
The Y Type Strainer is basket type strainer; it is designed as a single unit with one strainer
basket.
2. Duplex Strainer
The duplex strainer is a basket type strainer; it is designed as a single unit with two separate
baskets and a flow transfer valve. The transfer valve is designed to allow fuel gas to flow
through only one basket at a time. If a high differential pressure is observed, the transfer valve
allows for the transfer to a clean basket.
3. Multi-Element Strainer
The Multi-Element Strainer is designed as a single unit with multiple elements arranged in
parallel to the fuel gas flow path, each element is fed with fuel gas simultaneously. In order to
perform maintenance on the Multi-Element strainer, the unit must be removed from the fuel gas
piping. Therefore it may be necessary to place temporary pipe supports in the fuel gas pipe
spools upstream and downstream of the unit.
D. Gas Fuel Auxiliary Stop Valve (VS4-1)
The Auxiliary Stop Valve is an ANSI Class VI butterfly type control valve. This valve is
pneumatically actuated with a spring close actuator design for fail-safe operation. When the system is
pressurized or not tripped, the solenoid operated pilot valve (20VS4-1) directs instrument air to the
actuator of the aux. stop valve. The valve actuator acts against the valve spring causing the valve to
open. During a trip event, the solenoid valve 20VS4-1 is de-energized which vents the pressurized air
in the actuator to atmosphere. The compressed spring causes the valve to close. This valve acts as a
backup stop valve for the Stop/Speed Ratio Valve. This valve opens during the gas turbine ignition
sequence when the turbine is started.
E. Stop/Speed Ratio Valve (VSR-1)
The Stop/Speed Ratio Valve serves two functions. First it operates as the primary stop valve, making
it an integral part of the protection system. The SRV is tripped closed by the hydraulic trip system via
the directional trip relay VH5-1. This valve is hydraulically actuated with a spring close actuator for
fail safe operation. An emergency trip or flame out on a normal shutdown will trip the valve to its
closed position, isolating gas fuel to the turbine. Closing the SRV can be achieved in two ways:
dumping the hydraulic trip oil to the SRV or driving the SRV closed electrically using the servo
valve 90SR-1 with the control systems SRV position control loop. The SRV also functions as a
pressure-regulating valve. The control system uses the SRV to regulate the pressure (P2) upstream of
the GCVs. This function is described in further detail in Section IV Control.
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I. Pressure Gauges
One differential pressure gauge (PDI-FG-3) measures the pressure differential between the inlet and
outlet of the gas strainer. Three pressure gauges with hand valves are installed in the fuel gas supply
line. The upstream pressure gauge (PI-FG-1) measures the pressure of the gas entering the stop/speed
ratio valve; the intermediate pressure gauge (PI-FG-2) measures P2 pressure ahead of the gas control
valves; and the downstream gauges (PI-D5, PI-PM1, PI-PM2, PI-PM3) measure the pressure of the
gas leaving the gas control valves.
J. Pressure Transducers (96FG-1A, 1B, 1C)
Three pressure transducers are installed in the fuel gas piping upstream of the Stop/Speed ratio valve
and are used to initiate an alarm when the fuel pressure becomes too high or low.
K. Calibration of Fuel Gas Pressure Transducers, 96FG-2A, 2B, 2C
The fuel gas pressure transducer, 96FG, is a pressure transducer with a dc voltage output directly
proportional to pressure input in psig. It incorporates solid state circuits and an amplifier in the
transducer case. A diode is connected across the output of the transducer. This prevents any
possibility of a spurious signal driving the transducer amplifier negative, out of its normal operating
range. The transducer is normally factory adjusted and calibrated; however, the calibration must be
verified in the field and if necessary returned to the orginal manufacture for recalibration.
L. Gas Purge Pressure Ratio Monitoring (96GN-1, 96GN-2, 96GN-3, 96GN-4)
When a gas passage is being purged, a minimum gas purge pressure ratio must be maintained to
ensure positive airflow across all the fuel nozzles. This pressure ratio is sufficient to overcome any
combustion can-to-can pressure variation. The differential pressure transmitters measure the gas
manifold pressure relative to compressor discharge pressure. These pressures are used for monitoring
and alarm in the control system.
III. OPERATION
A. General
Gas fuel flow is controlled with the gas fuel Auxiliary Stop Valve, Stop/Speed Ratio Valve, D5
(Diffusion), PM1, PM2, and PM3 Gas Control Valves. The Stop/Speed Ratio Valve (SRV) and the
Gas Control Valves (GCVs) work in conjunction to regulate the total fuel flow delivered to the gas
turbine. The GCVs control the desired fuel flow in response to a control system fuel command, fuel
Stroke Reference (FSR). The response of the fuel flow to GCV position command is made linear by
maintaining a predetermined pressure upstream of the GCVs. The GCVs upstream P2 pressure is
controlled by modulating the SRV as a function of turbine percent speed (TNH), and feedback FPG2
from the P2 pressure transducers (96FG-2A, -2B, -2C).
The 2.6+ Dry Low Nox Combustion System has four fuel passage manifolds (D5, PM1, PM2, &
PM3). All four of these passages (D5, PM1, PM2, and PM3) are independent fuel passages each
having an individual gas control valve (GCV) for controlling gas fuel delivery. Each combustion
chamber has six DLN2.6+ fuel nozzles arranged in a circular configuration with one in the middle.
The D5 gas fuel delivery system consists of five diffusion type fuel nozzles for each combustion
chamber. The PM2 and PM3 gas fuel delivery systems consist of five fuel nozzles for each
combustion chamber. The PM1 gas fuel delivery system consists of one fuel nozzle for each
combustion chamber. See figure 1 for the DLN2.6+ Nozzle Arrangement.
GEK 116281
Each fuel passage requires a certain percentage of the total fuel. The percentage of fuel to each
passage is a function of Combustion Reference Temperature (TTRF), and DLN operating mode.
The start up mode of operation is D or Diffusion. There are four steady state DLN modes of
operation: 1D, 3, 6.2, & 6.3. There is also a transient load rejection mode (mode 1) where all the fuel
is diverted to the premix nozzles PM1 and PM2. The steady state DLN operating modes are a
function of Combustion Reference Temperature. See Table 1 DLN Mode Staging Diagram. See
Figure 2 Startup and Shutdown Sequences.
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PASSAGES
FUELED
PASSAGES
PURGED
D
1D
3
6.2
D5
D5 + PM1
PM1 + PM2
PM1 + PM2 + PM3
6.3
D5
3D
D5 + PM1 + PM2
PM3
6D
NONE
PM1 + PM2
D5 + PM3
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B. Pre-start Conditions
Prior to unit start, the following start conditions must be satisfied for the Gas Fuel and Gas Purge
System.
1. Gas fuel supply pressure at FG1 within limits.
2. Gas fuel module/compartment ventilation pressure normal.
3. SRV and GCV Servo currents within limits.
4. P2 pressure feedback signal within limits.
5. Control valves track commands within limits.
6. Valve position feedback within limits.
7. All GCVs closed.
8. Auxiliary Stop Valve and SRV cavity pressure normal.
9. No gas purge valve position faults.
During the start period, the above conditions are continuously checked by the control system. If any
condition is not satisfied, the unit will not be allowed to start.
Prior to starting the gas fuel system, several systems must be operating:
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Valve
Test
Condition
SRV
Pass Criteria
Test
Time
Action
CONTROL
A. P2 Pressure Control
The SRV (VSR-1) modulates to control gas supply pressure (P2), to the independent Gas control
valves. The median selected value FPG2 of the triple redundant P2 pressure transducers (96FG-2A,
96FG-2B, 96FG-2C) is used in the Proportional + Integral controller. The P2 pressure set-point
(FPGR) is a function of Gas Turbine speed (TNH). The output of the proportional + integral
controller is a valve position reference (FRCROUT). The position command to the SRV is switched
negative to ensure fast and positive shutoff in the event of a unit trip, or following flame out on
shutdown. This negative position command, (FPKGSD) saturates the servo amplifier current in the
close direction. FRCROUT is the position reference to a servo amplifier. See Figure 4 SRV P2
Pressure Control Algorithm Diagram.
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Three LVDTs sense the GCVs stem position and their outputs are returned to each channel of the
control system. The error between the position command and the position feedback then becomes the
input to the servo amplifiers. The servo amplifiers drive the servo valves in the direction required to
decrease the position error. A null current bias is applied to the amplified signal in order to overcome
the fail safe servo spring bias. See Figure 7 GCV Control Schematic.
VGC-n
65GC-n
96GC-m
96GC-n
96GC-o
FSG-n
FAG-n
FSRGnOUT
VGC-4
65GC-4
96GC-10
96GC-11
96GC-12
FSG-4
FAG-4
FSRG4OUT
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V. PROTECTION
The following key describes the protective actions initiated by the control system for the gas fuel and gas
fuel purge systems.
Key:
A
SI
LO
RB
FRB
PIT
SD
STP
TP
OFF
PBR
= Alarm
= Start Inhibit
= Lockout Loading & DLN Mode Transfers
= Normal load runback until condition clears
= Fast load runback until condition clears
= Pre-ignition Trip (No Trip after Warm-up complete)
= Unit Shutdown
= Soft trip
= Trip
= System is turned off
= Push button reset
Action
A, TP, PBR
Description
Alarm if the SRV valve actual position is not following specified
position reference until warm-up is complete. Trip if the SRV valve
actual position is not following specified position
reference until warm-up is complete.
Pre-Ignition
P2 Check
Post Ignition
P2 Check
A, TP, PBR
Running P2
Check
A, RB
Bottle Test
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CONDITION
ACTION
< 50 psig
< 50 psig
A, LO,
FRB, STP
> 50 psig
A, PIT
(valve sensors
ONLY)
> 50 psig
SD
> 50 psig
TP
Low purge
pressure ratio
SET-POINT
Loss of
Blocking
(LOB)
FAULT
Consult the Control Specification for detailed adjustments and settings of the gas fuel and gas fuel
purge systems.
Consult the Device Summary for detailed device settings and calibration.
General Electric Company, 2008. GE Proprietary Information. All Rights Reserved.
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APPENDIX
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GE Energy
General Electric Company
www.gepower.com
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