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* > by, (ZR? Gee) rf Freel fx b-brarch nasiinal relia Cembyning , wad Cn woot £ teh! POm Svat OR “ae =O 3 Ey b-branch selecdion aversiTy POmsr)= C-eU)M= Ge) = gJen Far_@ sugle Rez leigh fobing Aare. Pimn © 1 A Gox01 = 0.5913 yolks It tA L4G For wi=05) , Sine wttd=0o S35, we fae [voto] = Aifutel © Qe ve0l | . ‘ GA tag = Llesb volts Fer at (ow compurder , [vol= fn tatfuctes]) el ee Sa from eguetion (11), WE howe tn (Ha) => [Vt] & (4-0) = te (19 4 /et)] ) => [ivi] = Lely MM1 — | _—— a al a | | | a Fig. pB.03 9 ai a0 a ae a7 ee 8 ‘at Fig. p6o485 Cat’d For A_law Gorparsder wlts| 1 [Veit] Is [onaa os wel ) Tiare fore. the mean suare error alisterticr D= (2 (foe) Roan B= Ber ep(- x 20s -[% 1 fs 2 = [hc Fey ponder & fe Cpr leos ce . Of J74 J yo dx Useg the MATLAB propiem phaaim We obtin De To minimize the déstotion. we need te Cariertrate the pucctizetion tivels in reins off Aagher probability Sine the ape seyral has a grener prbebility around te zero amplitide we reed to place the guentization Aavels claer at amplitudes these te o and forte at amplitede Chae to 4x05 = 2 Using she Linyd algarithe, (see protleer 710 for details), We can design & nenucifrm guertizer that wondd minimize the mean Spuace tire “distirtion, Fram the MATLAB frogvem Pi-06.m, we obtain ths prertizadien Lert ond conreporing86. Lont'd boaedusrey as follows: (Srrce the fuant(entin bwels and wat corespan ding bourdwres ort syometriced abort Owe 7 Est the pastire pez) Duan tireLion Leek Sf 0bes 0.1826 363 0.4479 ebe)3 BT 10069 1547) eflo 0:2938 11744) The Yop output erecteristits of the ranurjerm piantizer Shawn rn ‘9 PLobth). . The mas Spusced tor disttrtin of thes gusotize is Cakcubaled 4 JAAR prgien PP-sb-m aad wb epuad le 0-003 3.7) Fr Piper recenctrution of the bend ps sgnals. they reed te be 5. hed ot a Keguist vate pul to tice he beedwidth of th Soest. Theft. the different Sub-bands reed ty be sam ‘ad at pheC7 Gat ’d following rates sub-bard j = 2x (500-225) = 550 Samples/s Se hand 2 = 2 (ie0- $00) = /$oo Senpples/'s Sub-bad 2 = 2X (Ze0-Mee) = 3400 Samples /'s => data rate ont of the Sub-bard Coder = S50X5 F [FooxSt Z400x2 = 3750 bit s/s => deta rate cut of the channel coder = $x 18750 = 19333 Lits/s =18:333 Kbps 33) Th signaficnt factors which inflate the cheice of speech coders rn mobile Communteetiorn Syston ‘S omdude . 1. TAs speech codec be robot Te Uansastin enors Lnplenertation issues ~ Aaw Cost offenie it wb be mplout Power Tepuirement’ — hovs puch bettony denin Tipe of arottsple cuss techoijue used 5 Bye of nedelation erpleyed See Sexton 28 for detauls swprogram pil0.m and Fig. paid the quantization levels corresponding 0.2539 0.2550 0.6383 1.3876 2.2484 1.1145 -0.5852 0.5472 1.1135 2.8280 lated fram the test sequence is 7480 -1.0500 0.5006 0 for the therotical quantizer is @ the sane test = 0.0338 The theoretical gusetizitin levels ond errspediog boundaries are cod culated 4 wing the Lroyd elganitin . det ge, 8 dente the guentization Beds. Yi, 051.2. 7 chaote the Camespardiog boundaries, X and OCH) atnote the jn end output of te gueacdivur respectively WA np and Olpt chaceatoristics of the guantizer can be represented as (bi, -2<%ex, acm} Ge, Mu ee eae, t2230 7 ba, Wim) 5-29 ( fer whee Se Ef Sp = [2 a'fordn : Step4: Terminoticn tet for m 22 of the ceerenxt. ™ Dim) ad iteration m reletive te Dm-1) vs below a certain threshold, Step; othamise go te step 5 Stops Povedeny epdotng memes, Kms 3 Gtmaef fd} fot stpe Fram the above vedis we can see thet due to Us namidenl Yard number gersialer , te dela 1s pet ercet by normed, distributed, tKeefoe the MSE cbotartcom Colewleted by using the test sepune fr ts tdeok quantizer 19 tess then As theoretiel (ever bowed For the dead guactizer, the MSE doteotion vs olny tess then that for the guootin, derwed by wig th training. cepuinceums 1 through 2561 2648 210. 2.1865 2.0051 olsa1g— Lieges 2.241 colunns 22 through 28 0.2542 0.8663 through 56 0.5871 -0.4250 ilogig -1.2822 through 63 0.7798 0.7855 f1i6208 015134 o224 3258 1 -0 “1 - 1155 776 sei6 6835 3935 2250 2090 465 8464 Teal2 1647 7488 2357 3979 7272 0414 0.9408 0.5288 0.4229 138 0.7594 214654 0.9640 011578 -0. -0 ~0 -0. zo! 8360 2484 0326 1932 4424 e415 3033 13438 7975 2008 7477 4558 5975, -0 9694 1508 6749 3061 -1514 083 $203 5321 4989 0832 1287 0767 ‘The mean squaved error distortion computed from the test sequence is which is less ¢ ng Pag ‘in this problem be Deitneen the samples. hat for the uncorrelation case in problem pea? and Pig. pAI1, us can eee that the quantization one more condense due to the correlationDetar uration vcors tor GausrMrov over%./2 Gata For the beagihs of the traning Sepuane , the relative lartletion , and the dimensions of Ke vector Quartizer, Mrerense one oF the three fotos and Si the other Tuo, WA MISE destortion will drortoseCHAPTER 9 G.1| (a) raw data role pronited fer each weer = 20 = 33.85 Kbps ( bragpie effi weoey jr gach wer = (- 45 ) x/ouf 2 Pop - 92] raw deta rete prvded jr each user = ah — 48:6 _ J, Set FB) (a) A frome fas 64324 =1744 bits The sande of overhead bits pr pane us given ty hon = OXE4 EKG 4 E723 + 64/2 4 EXE = 324 bes => frome efficieny Ng= [r #4] poof 2 aon (b) For hal} rate speech coding 4 45: eo As shen in (a), frome effcory ex yeu dele rete proceed for gach user = -| kbps a4 (2) raw defo yale ported fe each user = a2 = 14 kles @) hunker of bid por freee = fine duottcn x date re = 666710 x420.x10°94 Gat’d => nunbiy of vnfometion Bt set fo Gach wer fran By = fiember of bit forme x frame efficiency umber of users pe frm = 2x08 2 7g 3 bet s CO Simi leet, = 22408 | o CO Sintlerly By HARE! 5 3738 beds (A For helt vate PDC, rnfermation da = _B: =2733 2, thes frm dwvotion — E66] x for 56 Rs fa vale per user F5] Trtermodalation dcatotinn Prebats oncar ot Pregucios Infirm for att rateger values of m and nN. In this cue. fit 003x352 4870 MH | Jo = 003 ¥360 +370 Hy, Therefore , a povble rotermodelstion Prepeenctes are nf inf = (0034352 1970) +7 (0.03x36045]0) = (mtn) 870 +002 4f352m4 360n) Stree the forned Chocesls of WS. AMpS occupy J th Peng band pre 89 Nitty be 874 tte, for these rrtermodulation Prepierwies that fll in H fowed chaansl. mandy should eatery95 Gt'd cond tin such that min=l, other wiSe , ane woh or ofits < IMM Aorce We mp tafe = Pot ve3 Xf 352(man)- 3M 36on) = Spey o03x [25248] or B70 + 003x [(3524 ant le23)-lor3] Ths the chanvdls on the fomaed bik tot right cory duc ty yottrnedulation 200 4 jer -$3 Th rarodized Cheng hot of the system T= Re? = op x CPOE a.0h2 => treffic occupeecy , Roa Tele?xlo *=o/ Exlongs () Fer unsbotted ALOHA, When Rox. the threaghpt wit be maximized, therefore ; R = 5xlo*$ Tbe rte Bx67 * foxte® => runder of dts pr peck 9.3 (a) fer Sheiled ALOHA, T= Re*= os xe (b) Fer slotted ALOHA, When R=1, Whe Heccoh put wotll be mayinized . Therefore , T £ =a =le3S D> rund of bits pt praet = 7: bt rate = lo F xtoxyo8 = Jo* bits — dt 99) sf =2. - ei Propegedtion Tent b Cie? = 3°38 xo FS = Re | 3.33xf0% 1P2A10° Sn = BBA xi F2ate D> propagation dhley tel = 29-9 Coat'd For slotted ALOHA. when be maximized . Thue Rel, the thiorghpat pill Lopeiman Sheald satisfy the condition °F, Gil GER. Tn thes case the date rote =/9.2 haps, > bd ported = RRR = S20R US T= 236 Bet [pot » snopes bit = 1938m3 > Az £= 75 s/ Sttnd TH A ¢ EY For n=3. (FZ) nig 4 AB 22512, We have tht Co-channal reuse poe, az (6(Dna)” 1 => Bu 2 (bx25+12)? 2532 DN? 243 > W=/2 = rember of analeg cheanals cell, BT De pe x W © Boxso8x/2 * 22 Aeraels [colt We wed BF(6(H)n5)* = yr28 ’ = (6x25 /2)" 5 ©2024 >> 642% b> 252 BW ~ Goyaiags 7/3 hernals/ coltFor n=4, we need QZ (6225-27 = 35 > we P47 = vN-7 = — oxo , > Ms a * Snorer = 28 Lee = 1-287 x108 oheps [se = = LB © Ueto “9B) For e204, & => We (WD R = 1227x109 X04 9:18) For trv-Sectoed CDMA system wath voice aint J =0.4 26. Wik Ne aa > wz (E-V-tR = poor (LE EE HD x04 xB x07 = 16-8 M chops /sec 9:15) For 2-)Reds(2t)R-de, CE fr An igure (gt. ye hee . ans [8¢] = | °B]- Joc} é — = 2Ri~do- dio f— 282 do—47.15 Gnt’d © fasta + ORi-dem dla y for (2-1NRed sti ikea For (20) Ride k= 3 + Popy Gren Delodp=to , P= lo, M251, we have k 3xlox 511 N k= BME Ly 2 Belews | 2 1596 users forum op! = Ta actuality only rs hl JC» ig i eee FA) Tn this case Poe a( Be). hoe debt 45 the ysice activity fowtor Similarly. we have 3DN py 2 BROHSH . AGP] ogee 1) BBY users “EA The frtgueny reuse foster f for reverse chennl of COMA Cellular system . 03 4 fination of ny Can be frond ym Table 4.4. Assume the Wierd se wer froly distr buted , frm Gable 9-4, we gel f 2066. Gren D=6db=4, Me5IL, we have be Sh 4, = Seotbeex sl yy [o%P I) [o“oon]*919 Grit’ For n=3, f206, aks EP, = 678 users 2358 ———— k = 2e0Dsbe5n1 for n=4, foo7, = K= ere S79 Users “F20} Using the concentric celluler geometry , far the rth Surrounclin. dyer, the Frese onsl cuter sectors or each ll have ares grren yy Aim [My = i rei goede - au ms? #4 Aret/Mj = fr mltornay 7 Tein} /3t = 7 mk? = a “A Applying cht weighting outers for the user deesity within tA® jnnep (Wie) 084 butter ( Whe) Sectors m the 7th Streunding layer, we have, MeKA= kW, gy Sh, Al Fer the Ben {ee remy Wwe have ‘a “a Wein = fy Hu 47 2242, , Wine 23Gal] See tht MATLAB program p9-rim and Fig. p22! (a) Assume the received power of each of the m-cell Subscribers at th base receiver ts Po= IW. the received mn cll interference pn Prosnuutt = (U-I)-Po 2 30-1 = 29H (o) Hsing MATLAB prgen pee, we howe Pre ent-ofedt = 1-27 W (0) Usieg MATLAB program pin We have feetet F902] See the MATLAB pepe pun and tig pr (of 2 2&6 The bleak diegren of the MATAE progrsen pratm ws shawn beliw Gaawie Cate atte ede To gasrete raedomby distributed users in edjanert ells | we fot gourste revdondy distribiied users ™ the antor coll, users ” te adjecent cell on be porsested 4 ans tresfening. In the center cell, we fort geruvnte 30 wars m ore bo ree sector, thin reble cash 5 wsers of the 25 users To other sects.Fig 21CHAPTER II Wt Digital GSM, DECT, 15-136, 15-95 Analog AMPS, ETACS TDMA GSM, DECT, IS-136 CDMA 18-95| S us) S| | & Since te inoduleticn Scheme used by GSM vs O3GHSK , the cud-opt! frepuany of the basebern Gaussian pulse shaping filter. E = R23 =2%}08ix63 81.25 Kiiz | bal Let fy dencte the number of additiomad chanrtls Hot con $6 AUinwedsted im te 10Mb= beadil sf For AMPS, B= 3okHe. W= ae = 166 ch Fee TACS | B= 25kHe, N= For ETACS. 8 25KHz, For NM] 450, B= 25KH?, IO WAT Foo, B= 75 Ke, ker (450, Be pKkHe. Fer RIMS, B=25 Kile, N= 200 Channel Fer Recicon 2000, 81 Vs 400 chan fr NTT. 326.25 Khe Bz 25 keUS Cnt’ d For TTAC/wiAcs, Be 25khe, M2 or B= 25 Ke, MV= Fer o4, E> Zeke | W166 Harrell Fa GSM. B= a00khe, N= 25 Channels Fr Poo, Be 25 KHz, M= 200 channels I6| The repsms ere bo Reverse Chancel trenasmitted pret mech leas thin the fonverd Charrtl transmitted nb 2. The mobile yssrs tee axgrehrenscs with ane another which Cases frtter radtghe access rtocrente than on Ue tyndhiconras link. That doe Goding raeded ia For IS-95, B= 1288 Mbp, W24 Channgls 11-8] DeFferand bonnes within ths porweed link in an 5-95 seston are teente pee ed Ang their watges Welsh Code = 74) 135 bps Jie 7a BLi VAL yn] IS-54. PBC TB\ ce Sellen 6.9.6 & TH) Fer «cluster Size M=4, the number of the jul rate plysiee honsels pr cell that 0 GSM System Can axommodete Ny = Tete Becdmitth Llocated te he syste “ 2x On8 way chennal bendméeh —— x punter of Line Slot : per free Soxl0 i2xfoF 4x0?U2 Cot’ transmitted pr xr con be in oper 125 mS, thes the measinun fase slope which aan be Compensated fr by & he renese poner oir Subchasoel m the I-95 CDMA system 1d = Sa ras = Bee Ae] creaued or deucnsed 4B WG) In GSM, in order to minimize the effed of “Sudden fade on the received date, the tolal of 456 entoded bets wethin Gach Bont Speech prone or cotrol message frame ere broken inte eght 57 bit Sub- blocks. These eight sub-blooks ifuiah rmefie op % Simgle Speech fone we sprod over & Consecutive TH time Slots (48, eight Corsecutive froes for 4a Spc Ts). Each TCH time slot carries tie 47 bit blocks ff data frm vo Afferent ae ms (456 bit) speech Car cortrol) Segnerts. Since the loter 57 bits jn Ore bime slot ote concspoting fo tHe forr speech pores vt 95 rensmable to pre the 26 qualizer Drasning bts defor ths block of the former Speeeh 7 Frame Such that the fet xf122 Cot 'd the Time pecyt Aacrod 15 rrinim zed who the peed ws Velarstrusted at the receiver, Fhe 825 bit geod pored after the burst ane utilized he prevent overlap of Signed bursts Mriv ing Hom different terminal: at vergieg distances (re. difrot Propagetio tines) 123) Assume the reforinie alisiance a= 1k, the lenesmitted power Pe =/W, GtzGret, f& GA et % MHe. the received Power at the ro distance Vo = EGG AY ixixix (Z2Y Pelee = LE GLELA® _ xx 14 GE) Cm ae” xs.) cloce* = 89x W = 60.5 dBm Fer DCS-/900 at 1900 Sle, Pb )pezyyy, = LINX (Gey = mens GRID Jove’ ~ /FBXIEW 2-88 db, Assume the pos less Expoant n=4, giren the Sess tely of Ae receiver = -J04 dBm we have Pr(R) = Polley + sondg (2) where R vs the 7 ore cell.1.23 Gat’ d => Fe G54 ot Se Mie. 1074 x beg, (Re) = V0 (608) => Rasm = 1223 Km Fer Dés-/Po0 ak (Poo MHz, Jox4 1dag je (BE) S14 08) = Bpcsige0e = 794 km => the aren of re coll 7 G54 ot Bev Alte. Aesn = 26 -Rean = 388-99 keh the arch of one coll mm DCS-/Jes at (Foo MHz. Aocsitne = 2°6 Rees = 42-9) Ke => pnumber of orinidiredinal Cells neguiced le Cevira Joos Km aren Fr 6im_at Beme, Man = Six = fooo Fir Dls-sfo0 at (foe MH, Npcsvte = CS Td] Assume the tevrior propumey for I5-95 1 Fuohti, aS Shown ™ probe H2s, we have renin (SES noo: - Pr (dedasas = Gap = J.0h xloF W 2-615 dBm pert bey, (FEE 2-10-18) = Reso = insite = Naess = 25 ‘Ge Rosas at Goo MHP.yd Goad For unbaided 15-95 ot (reortte we hot 58 xi W = idm 62) => Resss = 794 Km Prldedesss = => NMesgs2 6) = 7 els at (eM ee TB) In AMPS. OMA i used » the number of Parcels loading nr SES, a fer each coll 18 fied Tf Hs as Shown i oheplr 2. the grde of Sermvce (GO devenses, Once the GOS falls below q threshol’ , the orginal cell shuld be split inte smaller celts to actomedate mere ers. The cell splitorg thas yell m shaller cell Cerorege redius eo cel In IS-95 CDMA system. each user yeith wes the sane radio chanel and USES in Ay arent cls wls0 use the seme radio chasezi. Inerensing the System bedeng C render of weit) oo CDMA System yeasiz the nore flex wn a bircar fienter. Once the Aovrt jor veacdes a threshold. the bit error rate becomes naaceplable, and the argued CHL needs te be divided rrto Smaller cells such thet th imebor of users tm Ore Cl besrmes b boas eas.25 Cnt’ In 18-54 TOMA, a single casrier freguareg 12 Shaved with Sevceel wers, whee each user makes use of nm overlapping time sls. When the system Loading reese, the grade of serwce decreases, and Coll sphiong ab reg wired such that mare cells can be added th acrenodste mare Users. Which gives rise an waa ccepteble tenel of reultioke caus Frtteporeste on the reneese link che to Feetesiin s 4 ep SKedowing gf mY mobiles, which casees the slow pomtr contr medhenjem to foil Im conperseing Inobife reed pores bagond the naximum pois lenét, thecly caueing pp empersetted users To draw out hoe daply sdadased sors 21 The PACS versitn for te unlicensed Pes band xs provided only Jobs 71-26 a) Imparfeat ad power control at the mobile , (foe~ 1930 Miz) bandwidth. Te we FOO tn such @ rorrow bandmsid fh (Cepued tte cri fitguney), (FOE RF techning would be cccttdl % fe Ue fared nad revese chesseh . TDD, on the Use fend , cxsbhs each (roasceirer Yo ae Cfthap a Lrarsmitfer or reueivtr on the Same prpeeg, ood eliminates the rad for sxpeeote forward ord reece rgusny Sends. So te PAs version for the wnbicersed PCS bead use TDD Fated of FooTEEB) Since DECT Systm wes TD lechuigas wiih Conrcl late rete of 1152 Kips, Woe wary sensitive to maltipoh prpgetin and Sypbel Lriiy. Tf it 38 duplyed entdows jn an envitonmesct Whsre segefi cart mmultipah could ocur, the loage tina delay spread will caus hgh oa erer rakes and taming j(tler and will make the Cammuriation imposible 1.29\ See Fig. Hed je the owtun of bids ma uSDE pol} rote time slot (a) chenes elete rete = 485 Kips 1b) There are 260 user bits m ech USDC Time Slot (0) Time dusation for each SDC pre = (a) prone offrcinay Ty = FE nto =P TA (a> Pesnble SAT tows m AMPS: 577, 600 6030 He (6) Whsn a user terminates a call or terns the colleloe ples off ding 6 call, a ST tome wt Gusto matically Sort 4y whe subcarber unet This allows the base Stallon and the MSC tosp Codd brow that the coll Was Lermineded deliberately by ts wer, os append te being draping by He Typten Ce) Sewerals mays a cblalar phere cod neg be terminated yp. User termineted the coll eli bored oly « A ST tome i autonaticadly Send uy the subsorrber Unt . 2 2 Drgped coll, due to Pater ference - The SAT segna interfered pith oF srecreelly detected of the subsiribir vant or base Slakion, causing the coll to ceep. 3. A vser cccidentably oescomedts the poe Op. supply or batiry te th subsceber wet , omssing the Cll to tice pathand an ST tare Dropped call dee to ingpae SAT or chonnel assignewd fog the base stein or smitch. The base Sstetion issues iprper anne] or SAT tpermelion » which the subseerber dnid attonpts to Fotepret but which corftices mith the Switch programing. 5. Improper SAT tire regenarsdion the subscriber unit. A SAT tone on the ford Asarch ws recorved PPY- but duc to par Y yeciver dg, dent or Pr the reverse chansl SAT Toe i rot PRS nsw.1/30 Cot’'d §. Dropped calls das to moppreprintte ronaing tka Mv and ESM coe nat received comely by the base station ond the call is react ellonsed by the switch. Or, ihe cad vs foessed betroeen cobluler rgotons pehich do pat howe seaming agreenset TST\ () Gross RF dete rete = 78:6 kbps (® Gros RF deta rete for the SACCH , Rercen = 2 OE slats frome x 12 bits [tive sha _ . SACL fans] Fre =48 Kbps Co) Gras RE dats rede fem cDyee. = 642 _ a = Revue = 255 = 18 kbps3l G@at’d (d) Gros data rete je Syrhvonization, ramp-up, ood guerd tome Rere = SeCeRES. = bFbps o (0) Rsacen + Revver t Rag = 18418 165 96 Kbps Gress RF date rete fr user rmnfrmelien data Rus = $28 = 39 kbps => Ras "oon + Rese +Rseg = 394 9-6= G8-6 Kbps (P Ed user dete rate Proved ” full rate USDC He = Ra = Ae: /3 Kbps 11:32| (0) Dads rate fr the speech cotter, Reg= 13 kbps (2) Pron Fig.so2 date rate for speech ervar protection Resp = St Sx2# Hitt — gg Kbps = (0) From Fay. fos2, data rate for SAcH . 2 frrrt/mett:jnme xB Dine slf rine 15625 bits tine we PKs frovhtitrme K Fusers = 2604 Feps Rsaccy =32 Cnt (4) Date rate for guacd bine, mrep-up, synsheonization Stealing flag. midomple Re = (34191426 134825) bits / frame 424 frt|ynabtifyrre Hams f dont frame = Roc t Reep + Raen t Re = 131 9.84 2606+ P45 = 32.656 Kbps 1h33] Ac pe anunter vs Sint with the bese stelion Vertiy de chving the SOF Borst From Fi. (1, we Can See that the mtewal betwen Tre consecutire Soff burst te 10 TOMA omnes. Thuejore : Tinar = 2257 3f Cotrel mttzpome oo 7 x (0 frmoes (5! TDMA Pores Conrad pobtifrane = #6. of ms