Warattaya (Mook)

Nichaporn (Pleng)
Pitchaya (Muaylek)
Tonrak (Mudaeng)
Boonnapa (Crystal)
11-5

Lab 6: Electrical Motors

Objective: To build, understand and analyze an electric motor.
1)Preliminary Questions:
a. A solenoid is 15.0 cm long and has 250 turns. What is the magnetic field strength inside the
solenoid if the current in the coils is 3.8 A?
b. A solenoid is to be wound on a cardboard form 30.0 cm long. How many turns of wire are
needed to produce a magnetic field of 6.28 x 10-3 T, if the maximum allowable current is 5.0 A?
c. A solenoid 40.0 cm long has a magnetic field of 5.0 x 10-3 T when the current in it is 10.0 A.
How many turns of wire does it have?
d. What magnetic field is needed to exert a force of 1.0 x 10-15 N on an electron travelling 2.0 x
107 m/s?
2)Materials:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Copper wire
Two needles
One foam support
Universal stand and clamps
Vernier Magnetic Field sensor
LabQuest
Lap top with Logger Pro
Small permanent magnet
Sand paper
3) Procedure

1. Making the solenoid:

a. Roll the copper wire around the permanent magnet (use the magnet as a template
to assemble the solenoid). Make five turns. Take the permanent magnet out.

b. Use the extra wire on both extremes to make two or three turns to hold the turns
of the solenoid together (see figure below).
c. Cut the wires at the extremes so they are no more than 2 cm in length on both
sides.
2. Assembling:
a. Stick the needles on the foam support separated by no more than 4 cm.
b. Rub each end of the solenoid with the sand paper to make sure they have good
electrical contact.
c. Stick each end of the solenoid to the holes of each needle so the solenoid is
suspended between the two needles.
3. Measuring the magnetic field and current
a. Connect the power supply to the LabQuest interface and the interface to your
computer. Open the power amplifier control window and set it up to DC.
b. Connect the power amplifier, the current probe and the needles as shown on the
diagram on the board.
c. Turn on the power amplifier. Zero the current probe when the voltage in the
power amplifier is set to 0 V.
d. Apply a voltage of no more tham 3V. Check if you have current in the curciut
(should be no more than 0.6A).
e. Record the current in the table.
f. Calculate te magnetic field in the selenoid with the formula given in the
background section. Record this value in the table. The length of the coil can be
estimated with: L = # of turns X thickness of the wire *assume the thickness of t
the wire is 200 m)
g. Connect the magnetic field sensor to your LabQuest. CAUTION: Do not bring the
field sensor to a close distance with the permanent magnet. Make sure they are
at least separated by 30 cm.
h. Hold the sensor using the clamp and the universal stand. Zero the sensor when it
is away from the coil.
i. Bring the sensor close (a few millimeters) to the solenoid and record in the table
the value of the magnetic field. Make sure that the circular area of the sensor is
parallel to the circular area of the solenoid
4. Running the motor
a. Disconnect the current probe and connect the power amplifier to the two needles.
b. Apply a voltage between 4-8 V.
c. Bring the permanent magnet close to the solenoid and observe what happens.
d. Find an optimum position for the permanent magnet in order to make the solenoid
rotate for the longest time. If you find a position in which the solenoid turns
without stopping, it is even better.

e. Record a video of the motor running

4. Results
Current (A)

0.0234 A

Mag. Field
(Calculated)
1.470222 x
10^14

Mag. Field
(Measured)
-0.13441
mT

5. Analysis:
1. Is the magnetic field measured in agreement with the calculated magnetic field?

- No, its not because the spinning of soleniod disrupted the magnetic field
measurement so the magnetic feild measured didnt got exactly the same result with the
calculate magnetic fieldt.
2. Explain step by step why the solenoid keeps turning.
Use diagrams. In your explanation,include the forces and concepts that are involved.
- In the wire, they will have a magnetic field that have the negative pole and
positive pole. If the positive pole meet with the negative pole it will absorb that make it
float. When it float it will get out from the iron in the needle. So the circuit will not
work,the status of magnetic will desappear and it will continued this process .
3. Investigate and explain another type of electrical motor.Use diagrams and mention theforce
and concepts involved.
- Another example of electrical motor is Synchronus motor which is an AC motor
that got the rotation of the shaft happen exactly the same with the frequency of the
supply current and Synchronized motor is contain multiphase of AC electromagnets that
create a magnetic field which cause rotating same time withthe line current.

4. The magnetic field sensor works due to the Hall Effect?

Investigate and explain what the Hall Effect is.
- The Hall effect is the production of a difference of voltage across an electrical conductor,
transverse to an electric current in the conductor and a magnetic field perpendicular to the current.
- The magnetic field sensor is related to Hall effect while we put the magnetic near

the copper wire and the copper wire is start spinning but when we move the magnetic
away, the copper wire stop spinning. Copper is a conductor of magnatic field so when we
connect the copper wire with poweramplifier which contain positive and negative charge.
It make copper wire got some voltage to interact to the magnatic.

6. Conclusion
According to the experimence, the purpose is to build our own electric motor and understand it.
The concept of the motor is to change the electrical energy to mechanical energy by using the
fundamental of magnetic field. When input the electricity to solenoid wire, the magnetic field are
generated. When the pole of the magnetig field are same as the pole of the magnet, the force will
occurs and push the coil spinning. The intensity of magnetic field depends on the amount of
electric current input.