Nichaporn Putang(Pleng) , Nontapat Sahakitpinyo(Tan) 11-5

Blood type testing Lab

Introduction:
In human there are a type of inheritance pattern that contain more than just two
alleles that code for a characteristic in a species called Multiple Alleic trait with
multiple alleles the individual will got more than two phenotypes depending on the
dominant or recessive alleles that are exist in the trait and the dominance pattern
that the individual alleles follow when combined together.Human ABO blood type is
one of example that related to multiple alleles. Human can have 3 blood types which
are type A (IA), type B (IB), or type O (i).These 3 different alleles can be combined in
different ways following by Mendel's Laws of Inheritance. In our blood there are 2
substances containing are Antigens and Antibodies. Antibodies are small proteins that
circulate in the bloodstream which made up of B lymphocytes (a type of white blood
cell). Antibodies attach to proteins and other chemicals in the body, which not
normally found in the body and the those proteins and chemical that Antibodies
attach are called Antigens. The Antibodies will interact with Antigens by attaching
with i and move away from our body.In this experiment we will be more understand
about how antibodies and antigens related to our blood type.

Materials:
- 2 Microscope Slides
- Anti- A,-B,-AB
- Markers
- Lancets
- Lancet Device
- Ethanol
- Cotton Ball
- 3 toothpicks

Method:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Draw 2 circles of about 1 CM. diameter side-by-side on each slide.

Mark each circle as one of the following control, anti-A, anti-B, and anti- AB.
WAIT for qualified personal to come and puncture the tip of your finger.
In each circle drop a single drop of blood.
In control: do not put any antibody
In the circle marked as:
a. Anti-A: drop a single drop of anti-A
b. Anti-B: drop a single drop of anti-B
c. Anti-AB:drop a single drop of anti-AB
7. Using the toothpick mix the blood and the antibody throughly (NOTE: USE A
DIFFERENT TOOTHPICK FOR EACH DROP OF BLOOD!!!!)
8.Wait 10 seconds and observe the result.
9.Put the result in the table below.

State: Coagulation/No
coagulation
Control
Anti-A
Anti-B
Anti-AB

Result:

State: Coagulation/No
coagulation
Control

AB

Anti-A

Coagulation

Anti-B

Coagulation

Anti-AB

Coagulation

Discussion:

State the blood type of your mum and dad and explain the different scenarios
of allele inherittance that led to your blood type (for each member, state whose
scenario it is).
In our group there are 2 members which are Pleng&Tan. First, Plengs dad got A
blood type, her mom got B blood type and she is got B blood type. Type B is code by
either B blood type or just one. So, in her case, theres only B blood type then, the
possibility of children when A and B parents were mated are A,B,AB and O and for
Pleng its B.
In Tancase, he has AB blood type. His father has B blood type, and his mother
has A blood type. Its like Plengs mom and dad. So we can pretend that there 4
genotypes that they would be which are ..
** Tan and Pleng has same parents blood, so we will explain just Tans Punnett square
because it is the same.
A

AB

AB

AB

AB

If Tans dad gynotype is BB and his mother gynptype is AA, the possibility of Tans
genotype will be 100% AB blood type.

AB

AB

Ai

Ai

If Tans dad gynotype is Bi and his mother gynptype is AA, the possibility of Tans
genotype will be 50% AB blood type, and 50% A blood type.

AB

Bi

AB

Bi

If Tans dad gynotype is BB and his mother gynptype is Ai, the possibility of Tans
genotype will be 50% AB blood type, and 50% B blood type.
A

AB

Bi

Ai

ii

If Tans dad gynotype is Bi and his mother gynptype is Ai, the possibility of Tans
genotype will be 25% in each blood type (25%AB, 25%A, 25%B, and 25% O blood type).
**Extra information : Tans sister also has AB blood type, so we might pretend that the
gynotype of his dad and mom are AA and BB. However, it cannt confirm because even
his dad and mom has Ai and Bi, Tan and his sister also has a chance to has both AB
blood type.
Explain why blood coagulates with some antibodies but not with other antibodies.
Our bodies generally produce antibodies against the A and B antigens that we
do not have on our red blood cells. For example, a person who is blood type A will
have anti-B antibodies directed against the B antigens on red blood cells and someone
who is type B will have anti-A antibodies directed against the A antigens. People with
type AB blood have neither of these antibodies, while those with type O blood have
both.
So in this case, we use Tans blood which is AB. It means that it has both A and
B antigens. Therefore, in this experiment, whether we put A, B, or AB antibodies, it
will coagulates because antigens reacted with antibodies.

Conclusion :
From doing this lab, blood type testing, we have known many things and got
many knowlegdes espeacially human ABO types. The improtant thing is we are able to
determine which blood type we have. Also, we have known how the antibodies and
antigens interact to each other. For instance, if we put the antibody A into blood that
has antigen A, the coagulation will happen.

Moreover, this lab makes us think about some extra information like do we
need to know our blood type? And the answer is yes, because when you need a
transfusion of blood you need to know exactly what your blood type is either you are
the one who give or receieve blood. Because in human blood type there are different
antigens and antibodies. Some can be matching some cannot. In case you dont know
what your blood type is and you really need blood. You would receive O blood type
becase O does not contain any A or B antigens that can cause a hemolytic transfusion
reaction which can harm your body to death if it not match with your blood type.
Finally the performance in this lab seemed to be going well except I, Tan, has
got faint. I felt bad since Pleng started talking about blood. She gradually describes
it, and continues speaking until I was about to die. However, there are no errors about
data, we have finished collecting it, and also taken the picture.