Citing References in the Body of a Paper

Throughout the body of your paper, whenever you refer to outside sources of
information, you must cite the sources from which you drew information. The
simplest way to do this is to give the author's last name and the page in the
publication within parentheses after the information, e.g., (Clarke 200). You
may also use numbers and footnotes to list citations at the bottom of pages.
When citing information from another's publication, be sure to report the
relevant aspects of the work clearly and succinctly, IN YOUR OWN WORDS.
Provide a reference to the work as soon as possible after giving the
information.
Standard Text Citation Formats
There are exceptions, but the most frequent types of citations are shown in
the following examples:
It has been found that male mice react to estrogen treatment by a reduction
in phase three of courtship behavior (Gumwad, p. 209; Bugjuice). Click and
Clack demonstrated that mice treated with synthetic estrogen analogs react
similarly. The reduction in phase three courtship behavior may also be
linked to nutritional status (Mice Behaviors; Bruhahauser, p. 13-17).
1. Click and Clack, 56.

Note the following:

Typically, only the last name of the author(s) and the page in
the publication are given. Your Bibliography section will contain the
complete reference, and the reader can look there if they need any
more information.
Notice that the reference to the book has a page number. This is
to facilitate a reader's finding the reference in a long publication such
as a book (not done for journal articles). The paper Bugjuice is short,
and if readers want to find the referenced information, they would not
have as much trouble.

For two author papers, give both authors' last names. Articles with
more than two authors are cited by the first authors last name followed
"and others" or "et al.", and then the page numbers if necessary.

When a book, paper, or article has no identifiable author, cite it as

the title of the publication.

If you want reference a paper found in another article, do so as

follows: (Driblick 1923, in Oobleck, p. 3-5).

A string of citations should be separated by semicolons.

Finally, you should note the placement of the period AFTER the
parenthetical citation - the citation, too, is part of a sentence,e.g.,
"...courtship behavior (Gumwad 1952:209; Bugjuice 1970)." If you are
using footnote citations instead of parenthesis citations, put the
footnote number after the period.

Example Bibliography Page Citations:

Webpage
"Beginner Tip: Presenting Your Page with Style." Webmaster Tips. July
2000. NetMechanic. Accessed October 13, 2010.
<http://www.netmechanic.com/news/vol3/beginner_no7.htm>.
One Author book
King, Stephen. Black House. New York: Random House, 2001.
More than one author book
Collins, Ronald K.L., and David M. Skover. The Trials of Lenny Bruce: The
Fall and Rise of an American Icon. Naperville, IL: Sourcebooks, 2002.
Newspaper or Magazine article
Continelli, Louise. "A Place for Owls to Heal." Buffalo News 12 Jan. 2003:
C2.
Gibbons, D. (2004). Network Structure and Innovation Ambiguity Effects
on Diffusion in Dynamic Organizational Fields. The Academy of
Management Journal, Volume 47(Issue 6): 938-951.
Reference Material Subject
"Ho Chi Minh." Encyclopedia Britannica. 2003. Britannica.com. 15 May
2003 <http://www.britannica.com>.
TV Show
The Taxman Cometh. Law and Order. Produced by Wolf Film in
association with Universal Television. NBC Television Network. WHEC,
Rochester, NY. 13 March 2003.
Person to Person
Longin, Hellmut. Telephone interview. 11 Jan. 2006.

Live Performance
The Nutcracker. By Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Choreographer and Libretto
James Kudelka. Conductors Ormsby Wilkins and Uri Mayer. National Ballet
of Canada. Hummingbird Centre, Toronto. 30 Dec. 1999.
Photograph
Great Wall of China, Beijing, China. Personal photograph by B. Davenport.
18 July 2004.
Graph or Chart
Smith, G.K. System Development Life Cycle [Chart]. Information
Security Policies and Procedures. Boca Raton, FL: Auerbach. 2004.

*Note: When listing your references on the bibliography page, they must go
in alphabetical order by the first letter in the citation. It does not matter
what type of citation it is, or what information is included, all references must
be listed in alphabetical order and easily identifiable.