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ii

The other question is about the Khila mantras. There are

so many Khila Mantras in these Vaikhanasa Mantra Prasnas,
and very popular among them, is Paramatmikopanishad,

also.

3) About the Khila Mantras, they corrected according to

the khila Mantra Bhashya of Bhatta Bhaskara.
Let us think about the statement about the Andhra and
Dravida - Pathas. Andhra Patha was commented by Madhava
and Dravida Patha was commented by Bhatta Bhaskara. The
majority of the manuscripts of Vaikhanasa Mantra Prasnas,
having only Andhra Patha and the other vedic students and
teachers of A.P., only have been following Andhra Patha. The
part which is popular as Mantra Pushpa, is still being chanted
according Andhra Patha only, every where in the temples of
Andhra Pradesh. So it must be under stood that the rejection of
Andhra Patha, is not justified by the practice of the vedic
chanters. The same rule can be applied to the other mantras

aside the Andhra Patha.

The need of the Present Edition - As told by the editors

in the introduction to the 1st Edition of - Sri Vaikhanasa
Mantra Prasnashtaka, published in 1920, and subsequent
years, with the heading of "Correction of Mantras":_
1) Majority of the Mantras belong to Yajurveda, which
means Taittiriya sakha, and some others belong to Rigveda,
Sama Veda and Atharva Veda, and some other mantras which
do not appear in the present available Veda Samhitas, are called
khila mantras.
2) The mantras which belong to Taittiriya Upanishad,
having two kinds of pathas, called Dravida and Andhra.
According to the word of Bhatta Bhaskara, the Editors corrected
the mantras as per the Dravida Patha - which means they kept

Foreword

Sri Hari

iii

The patha of Bhata

Bhaskara.

1) Indram pranavantam - Vai. Gr. 1)Indram Pranaynatam

Su.3-17. Kasyapa Jnanakanda 61, 79, 83, 110 pages AtriSamurtyarchanadhi
karanam-34-9; Khiladhikara
of Bhrigu 17-237;

The patha of Vikhanas and

his disciples

The text variations are not only seen in our Vaikhanasa

Manthras, but also can be seen in Taittiriya Aranyaka, Brahmana,
and Rigveda Khila Manthras also. Some of the text variations
of the pratikas are given here under.

same rule can be applied to the other Khila Manthras also.

following of the Bhatta Bhaskariya Patha may not be correct.

Bhatta Bhaskara not only differs with the quoted pathas of the
four sears and he differs with the quoted pratikas of the Lord
Vikhanas also.
Vikhanas got the Vishnu Suthra with Vedic Manthras, from
the Lord Vishnu only. They were received by the four sears from
his teacher Vikhanas. So the origin of the Khila Manthras, is
under stood as the Vishnu only. So no one has the right to
find mistakes from the quoted Manthras of Vikhanas. The

and agree with the older patha accepted and kept in practice
by the tradition. So it can easily be under stood that blind

which was commented by Bhatta Bhaskara, and Srinivasa

Dikshita also; and more important thing is the Mantra Pratikas
of which were quoted by Marichi in his Vimanarchana kalpa;
by Kasyapa, in his Jnana Kanda; by Bhrigu in his Vasadhikara.
In addition to it, the disciples of Vikhanas - Quoted so many
mantras, which do not agree with Bhatta Bhaskariya Patha,

iv

So we must try to preserve the traditional patha, even in

foot note, or, appendix. So the present Edition is prepared to

and Bhashya Sammata patha - in foot note.

As the sri Vaikhanasa Mantra prasnas, contain a major part

of Khila Mantras, and it is natural to have text variations,
which deserve preservation . The text variations of the
Khilasuktas of Rigveda are preserved. The text variations of
Taittiriya Brahmana and Aranyaka, are also preserved with
remarks. This proves that the Editors of Veda, Brahmana, Aranyaka - preserved the traditional patha kept as the text

Now we can understand that the neglecting of the older

patha is not correct and better to save and preserve them.
Recording of text variations, is not a new thing :-

Ilathuru Sundara Raja Bhattacharya wrote a commentary on the

Bhashya of Srinivasa Dikshitiya, on Paramatmikopanishad. In
his commentary, he recorded of some text- variations, which
differ from both of the pathas, i.e. Srinivasa dikshitiya and
Bhatta Bhaskariya.

It is enough to say that by accepting the patha of Bhatta

Bhaskara, the other and older pathas cannot be denied.
Any one can under stand that Sri Srinivasa Dikshita has
accepted the patha which, is in accordance with the older
patha and other than the Bhatta Bhaskariya patha. Sriman

2) Tejovatsava - Vai. Gr.

2) Tejovatsya8va
Su.2-14;Ka-Jn. Kanda
85p;V.A.K. of Marichi
314p,
3) Brahama Punatu - Vai. Gr. 3) Brahma8 Puna8tu
Su. 1-3;
4) Agnirjyotirasi - Vai Gr. Su. 4) Agnerjyotirasi.
1-13.

Ch. B.R.K. Acharyulu.

Though I do not have any kind of ability or eligibility to

handle this kind of huge task, I took this up only to preserve the
older traditional text variations, and seek sincere apologies from
the wise and kind scholars and request them to give constructive
suggestions for the improvement of the present edition.
Yours Sincere and Loyal,

Apologies

1) Our present Edition is based mainly on 2nd Edition

printed in 1947, and the mantras which were added by the Editors
of the 2nd Edition, in addition to the 1st Edition, are kept within
brackets.
2) Subtitles - are given - such as Aghara, Vastu savana etc.
3) The pratikas quoted by either by Vikhanas or his disciples
- are given in bold type.
4) References to the mantras are given at the end of each
anuvaka.
6) Text variations are given in appendix, for the use of
scholars, interested in research aspect.
7) In 2nd Edition the Paramatmikopanishad, was given in
accordance with the Srinivasa Dikshitiya and Bhatta Bhaskariya
paths and in the present Edition, the text is given - as Prachina
Pathanusari and text variations of Bhatta Bhaskara - are given
under foot notes.
8) Vishnu daivatya - which was published by Sri
Vaikhanasa Sishtanushthana Granthamala - in their 1 st
publication - "Srimadvaikhanasa Bhagavadutsava prakaranam
- is taken with thanks, and given here with text variations.

save the older text variations, without causing any

disturbance to the present order of the text.
The Characteristics of the present Edition :-

vi

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l \VjT^yjTqeT'

l eT~KqdT\, V n_qT\, $we T], $KqdT\ (V)

y] u>e<s<H s|yTq ywe deTT-nH<+eT,
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|< +jTTq d+> VQ |d< y T . M u>eeTT +~
y\T |eDeTT\T :$Kq k] $X>T|j
T dK <sTTyH k+ (u>e+
10-3-41)
$XeTTqT b& $Te TT $KqdT\ (V) # n]+|&qy&
k \eTT <sTT+q y&T - l w& T n >|\ T |*q
d+<s e TTB yeTT.
dV d {_ X ' d+U+ VQ$ds y T deT\ eH<++
deyT (lyd Br jTeTT, <X $< VT s|D+).
$we T] ($KqTdT\) V yw e Xde TTqT |< +q d+>
+~ u>eyeTT dk+~.
q qc |j
T yDjT + y< d+
eTj< VD b <s jTk+ eT<' (u> 11-14-3,4 )
yeTT u>e+ $we T] |*q~. H # ($we #)
yTTyT T< V|< +|&q $w |<qyTq-<ss|yTq
y<e TT nqT d+ *q y \eXeTTq q+bjTqT.
# $w

s|y T q eT<' <s ' nqTq~ |> y<
d+y T q ~ - @$T{? n |+#T+f yU qd deTq&T yw e
deTT | ~se T>T eXeTT <T . m+<TL n+f, yU qd
deTT eyT y~ yT q yw e deT Xk\T |T wdT HsTT >qT.
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leT $Kqd qeT'

vii

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|u u >TeTTUu <y # u> y H ue ' (u> 11- 27-3)
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q & @$T+f - V (nq> $KqdT\) qT+& u ><T\T, d|s T \ T,
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d+>y T . ( deyT ). # eTTK+> #| e\d+~
@$T+f yU qdXk , y|- d#q\T u>e+ L& HjT
>TsT #dTe&yT.
n+<T#H eTqTd n+XeTTL yU qd >V deTT
n+X\L <>Zs b* q~. (#&T&T yUqd >V d++>qTy<+, Mr. W. Caland; b<e TT XVI, XVII |J\T)
|s eTj b uC jT Hu |< wDjT eTe~ds Z
Cq+ |s+ eTqVeeud+ jTsj u>e+ e< (u3-4-13)
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eT\eT+<T Ls=jTTq V H eTVeTqT y\& C d& Xwy T q
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yTq ~) n n+T+{sT. nq> yU qd Xde TT, u>eeTT n_qeTT\
d+|&q~. sD+? yU qd XgeT, u>eeT L& $we #
V|< +|&q$, qT!!
n< sejTD+ lseTT&T \DT L& < ks+X
|k$+H&T.
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w +< +&, 13 X+ ) H|PC $<H n+T <T . n+f - $w
deTH<++ - n d+|&+~.

viii

H #H #|&q~. n+f djTeTT> $we#H |<+|&q

u>e<s<H $<qeTT y< +eTT q+<T #|&q eT+eTT\
eT| H ~ $<qeTT >\~, H\TZ ese TT\ y] ye TTqT |k~+#Tq~.
y< +~s +' eT| q $<q' V ~ esH+
XeD+# y< + d XS<D+ # sC+< dT\u+ eTT k<q +
(n< >+<+ 15,10 X u>\T). n+f & d+|&~ yUqd
d s<q yTq >V +|e#TqT.
yU qd XkesD
d+<s e TT- |PseTT keTdTsT&qTy&T
y<eTT\q|V]+|>, y<eTT\+sqeT>T# $weT] s<q
*b> lV] eT <] + keT d+V]+ y<e TT\qT ]
V|< +q d+> >~~yT ! n|&T V lV] y~ q <s+ yT jT< |Ps+ e<#T T u> y H <e' Xd+
X|< >y T dV d{_' X ' d+U+ VQ $ksy T deT\
eTH<q+ deyT (lyd Br jTyT 31e |, <X$ < VT
s|DyT {.{.&. |#T sD 1967).
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>eTeTTqT d$dseTT> <]+#qT. < d+|+ {qs
>+<e TT> q w\>T - < &T, eT, n+sdT &T, n, |\VQ&T,
|\dT &T edw & T , T e nqT ys\|< +].
d+| kse<jT XD* s eY
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sV deTT kT>

<+ sV d+ |se T+ # beq+ eTjT e k~+ dHq+

ix

yU qd |s eTjTT L& ~ #| &q~. VQ X+>#

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y< |s ' w< bjTqd+ T $u deT>|jT Y (eT - qq
d+V, 2-1) d |wT BH yU qd |s eTjTT, B qT+&jT
s, CHeTT\qT nH XK\, H\TZy<eTT\ eyTqejTT
e]+|&q~. ~ jT yU qdeT+ d+V eT<syT j
T Tq~
deTd yU qd Xk $KqdT eT\ |sTwq T>-Xk
j |eTT\+<T|j +|< q eT+s L& #T s < d$Tw s|
yU qdXK qT+& < yT eT<syT jTTq~. n~jT yU qdeT+
d+V> |\Te&T#T e#T#Tq~. yUqdXK qT+& <]+q
eT+|r\T, $KqdT\T Xs j |eTT\ d++~+q y{
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$eHsq \eTTqT, u>Te yk~seTTqT, X|&T Cq
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udjT uw bseTT\ b* p#T eXyTs&q~. eT]jTT
d+|<jT d< bNq bse TT l lyd dBr
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>+<e TT (ydq) >, qe#T#TH jTTq~.
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nqT <q |< - jT< T ds u w <sTw$Te d
+ - u>e+
3-9-32 q, de TTq - u>e+ 2-10-15 qT+& 34 es
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w\|<+ jTTHsT. n+<T $KqdT\T >VdeTT
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u
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+<|<XeT+<* bNq bseTT @u$+#TL sDyTyT
jTT+&e#T?

|dT bsu<\ sDeTT :

xi

xiii

#]jTTHqT. ( )
nsTT - nwe T |X e< e#T d] |<e T eTT<D 41 |J\T
>\ >+<e TT - ~rjT eTT<D u> e #
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rdd #d 72 |J\T
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eTT<D eT+\ = = =\+|&q$ ses$T |J
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d+ jTT+& eT+s |J\ |J\T #] |+yjT T |<e T
eTT<D qT+& =\+|&q eT+\qT $&Bd j d\
+&sD
\ #|& # XeT nsTTq~. nsTTH |jT +HqT.
H d+| s e TT> eeTT s<T .
3) eT+|X \ |<e T d+dsD -~rjT d+dsDeTT\qT 1984 <ssTeT\, <ekq+ysT |{+q ~rjTd+dsD
~rjT eTT<DqT q<+f - n<qeTT> 2004 <ssTeT\
ysT |{
+ q eT+ |X \ ~rjT|X - 20e nqTyeTT n< C|-bjH+k\us+ @X' ujd+ j+n d+q - |seTT, #s&q - ujTd+\qT =\+ jT<|Psd *|HqT. sD+`n$ @ eq qs+&TjT.
4) o] esT:- eT+ |X \e\T- Vd* >+<\jT
>T- yU qdj eT+ d+V, eT+ d+V yU qdj n
eyT yjT&q$. | yU qd eT+ |Xw e TT - nqT o]

yjT&< T . (+&T b<e TT\T #&T&T). leH s=+u bsk s~
we #sT\ysT, eT j ~s b<e TT L& yU qd eT+
d+V nqT |<e TTH y& jTTHsT. n+<T# yU qd eT+ d+V
nqT o] +#T <weTT+&<q T ueeTT o] +#&q~.
(5) eT+eTT\ d++~+q o]\ qT #sT .
(6) |+#eT |X n<qeTT> #s&q eT]VeTeTT q+<*

xii

u udsT\T yTdsT sw eT+<* ew nqT>eTyd

jT>TjTT, l lyd B
T \ysT sT| b+rjTT jTT+&TjTT,
sDeTT nsTT +&e#TqT. (#&T&T-bse|w<weTT b<e TT.) }V<seTT - HqT |]o*+q eTq |X \ e\
yTdsT b+ #+~q e\T V#T u>eTT uudsT\
bseTT @u$+#TjTT, u+>TSsT q>s #+~q e eT< eTd >*qZ bse TTqT *j
Z T T+&TjTT, l lyd B
T \ y]
bseTT #\ es +<b+eT+<* bNq bseTT d]be
#T+&TjTT nsTT q~.
u
udsT\ \eTT - u
udsT\T llyd B
T \ +f
|PsT\ - l u
uds~_' yU qk_H' || $ <qd<] #
nqT \ $c< uweTT - Ck~s D
eTT q+<* yeTT d#e TT.
n++ f <$Te T #| <s\T q&T <T .
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d+dsDeTT $Xwe TT\T 1) |se T |< yd leH HsjTD+ seqTC#sT\ ysT (246-1981, H{ eT CT) l y+fX sk$T <ekq+, <s sTeT\
y] d+q |seTT, |<eT d+dsDeTT eT+eTT\T >
~rjT eTT<DeTT n<qeTT> Cs&q eT+eTT\qT #Tsd
+&sD
eTT\ +HqT. n$ >TsT\ eT< #|&q$. [ ]
2) ~rjT eTT<DeTT |<e T eTT<DeTT eT+eTT\ esTd
esT, nqTyeTT\ eTeTT esT, = # \T|, eT]=
# $&BjTT ]q~. |<e T eTT<D eT+ eTeTT - nqTy
eTeTT Vd* e\qqT d]+ KeTT> d]bsTT q~.
n+<T#, *|q nqTyeTT\qT |s$u q #d #|HqT. n+ |
nqTyeTT\qT, eT+ d+K\qT eTTT<T .
|<e T eTT<DeTT eT+\T-= ~rjT eTT<D |+#
<T. n{y, Mq+ y{ kqeTT y{ *| y{ q
+& s D eTT\ # | H qT. < s y{ bs u < e TT\

xv

$dwe TT> eTT~+#T.

10) +qT eT+ u>eTT\ e< Xs |X #T wj
T eTTq >V
d |X K+&\ d+KjTT, <$ #T wj
T eTT q u >T, nX |,
eT\ >+<e TT qT+& H T~ n+~q+ es d\qT >&
#]jTTHqT.
11) eT+|X \ eT+eTT\ >y] b+ ysT |#T ]+q
|<e T eTT<D eT+\L, ~rjT eTT<D eT+\L, ~rjT
eTT<DqTd]+ ly+fX s k$T <ekq+, <s sTeT\ ` ysT
1984 |{+q |deTT eT+\L L& n&& ds
u<eTT\, esu<eTT\ qe#T#Tq$. n{ d+<seTT\ y<
eT+\ y< >+<e TT\ dV jTeTT <weTT\q d]#jT >*HqT.
bseeTT $wjT+ eT+|X\ ~rjTeTT<D `
u
u djT bse TTqqT, lyU qdu> e #g >+<e \ ` q\sT ysT
|{
+ q ` bse|w<w eTTq+<* u
u djT bse TTqqT
n& & u< e TT\T q|&T #Tq$. n{#
` uwbse TTqqTd]+
bsu < e TT\T #|&q~. >eT+|>\ sT. ly+fX sk$T <ekq+ `
<s sTeT\ ` ysT |{
+ q eTq|X uweTTq+<* bse TTqqT
|s+&T bseTT\qT L& n&& d\ u<eTT\T qeq$.
eT#T =:`
1. n|' |HT|~M+`eT+|X 1`1 nqTy+ |<eT eTT<D
bs + ! ~rj T eTT< D ` | ' | H T | ~ M 1984 d + |
eTT<D`n|'|HT |~M n bs\T. eT+ eT+ |X
uw+`eT+'`|' |HT n` |<$ u>+ n|'` n, uy
`n|'`` n q~.
2. @s d+ `$T' dT|s' ` eT++ +$ws
dT` n |<e T, ~rjT eTT<D\ +&>` 1984 eTT<DqT,
eT+ |X uweTTqT + $ws d`njTT d`sd `
n $esDeTT q$.

xiv

eT+eTT\ eTeTT n&&-eT $eHsq \eTT eTeTT

qqTd]+ +&qT> >#]+#T#, $eHsq \eTTq+<* eTeTT,
d ] j T q< y q u $+, e TeTT qqTd ] + j T T+& =
kVseTT\T, $eHsq \eTTq+<* eTeTT |seTT> +#
&q$. y{ d++~+q bs u< \qT n<C| jTTHqT.
(7) ~rjT eTT<D| |] bse|wT u
udjT
bse TT bT <Xe T+<T |#T s |#seTT qTq lyd Br
jT
bseTT L& #s&q~ n \T|&q~. n+f u udjT
bseTTq n\ |#seTTqT, l lyd BrjT bseTTq n~
|#seTTqT \< | yeTT <s TTEyq ~. eT] s +&+{
H<s ueT>T eT\bs$T+={ +& +&eqT. >< ? n<w
eXeTTq e ||eTVQ\T X 1885 ydTq y |
bseeTT, $w <e eTT\T \_+#T# - <H <seTTCd =,
bseeTT jTT eT\ bse TTqT >& - |dT
d+dsDeTT
bNq bsqTk nqT o]
#]jTTHqT. >& u
u djT
bsqTk nqT o]
jT&q u>eTTqT |qse <weTTqT
=\+#T, uudjT bseTT qqTd]+ q bsu<eTT\qT
bNq bsqTk] e< n<C| \ HqT. u
u djT
bsqTk]jT>T - bse|wT qu d+#Ty] ksse TT, <
L& #sT eT+<qT =+<] |<\ n_bjTeTTqT >s$+, <
L& #]jTTHeTT.
(8) >& 1-11-1940 e d+seTT l yU qd cqTcq >+<
e\ jT+<T |<e T dTeTeTT> |{
+ |&q l yU qd leT<> e
<Te |s D
yT nqT >+<e TT eTT~+|&q qeTeT |X jT>T $w
<eeTTqT, e ||eTVQ\T yd|Tq >+<eTT |]o*+
|+&T\ |]o\HsyT jT<<eTT> (m{ d+dsD\T, desD\T
+&) bsu < d V eTT> |{
+ #THqT.
(9) $KqdT\T - < u ><T\T<V ]+q eTq |r u>eTT\qT

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~ : 12-08-2011,
XeD|P]eT.

d.V#Y. _.sY. . #sT\T.

T,
dq $<jTT&T,

l\VjT^yjT qeT'

l yU qd eTq |X \ bsu < dV | eX

l yU q eTq |X \T \T>T *| eTT~+|&T |PseTT
+u D q>se TT X 1910 d+ l w u{
#sT\ysT ~s
|+&T \#, eTT~+|&TjTT, <qqTd]+jT \T>T eTT~+
qTqT |<e T eTT<D |] \T|&q~. n+<T eTqeTT\ desDeTT
nqTq+XeTTqT |k$+#T#T TT, keT n<sD y<eTT\ #+~q
eTqeTT\ $wjT eTT m{ desD\qT #jT < jTT, jTEs<eTTq
#+~q q-<$& bs u<eTT\T >\ |wqqeTT\ $wjT+
eeTT <D
jTE' bsd <w ws sj
T ' - nqT u
udsT\
yeTTqT |eDeTT> d]+ <$& bsqTkseTT> de]+ qTqT
\T|&q~. je<+< <Xe T+<TqT |sq bsq eTT\ qTq{j
T T
e<MjT uw uweTTqT q>T +< bseTT sd]+| &q~.
je<+< <Xe TT+<TqT |sq bsH <T\ qT+&, eT] @ y<e TT\qT
qs \ eT+eTT\ |\Te &T eTqeTT\ $wjTeTT bNq
d+|<jT d< bse TT \He TT\T+&>, u> e <qT >V eTT e\q \_+q
u
uds bsqTkseTT> \ eT+eTT\qT de]+qTqT \T|
&q~. d+weTT uds u{
j
T yU bsd T VQw d w d+V
bs~q' |]<X n<| udsu{
j
T bs @e ds |eD
qy n u
udsT\| >\ n >seeTT y\& + |&q~.
u
udsT\| n+>seeTT+&T n_q+~+|< q<, n+
nu +&T eT+~ <y qqT=qT +~ n+XeTT\T
<seTT\>T#Tq$.
1) u
u dsT\T yU. eT\s l $KqdT\ ysT. l $KqdT\

K b < eTT

|dT d+dsD

lV]'

3. ~rjT |X`H+BeTTK eT+\`qeTdTeT`

eT+eTT `<DjT Y` n n d+dsD\ +&> eT+ |X
uweTT eeTT`<D-jTY`n q~. d|eT |XjT>T
bseeTT Te+{ bsu < \T $T*> q$. y{
={ eTT+<T|J\ d+ jTTHqT.
\eT+\ H T~ q+ d]jT q< q bse TTqT
d]+ jTTHqT.
12) |< $u>eTT qqTd]+ $seTeTT\qT (space) \qT L&
#| |jT +jTTHqT.
13) eTq d d+d]+, k< yTq + es j eT+\ kqeTT
eTq |X \ |X -nqTy eT+ d+K\ d+jTTHqT. eT+eTT\
se TT\T nqTyeTT\ e<H , eT+ d e< =\+HqT.
14) bsu<\ $wjTeTT- e\jTT |sq bs\ q
jT sD, |wq+eTT\T +<b se TTH *jTTq$. bs
u< \qT m& & |r | #|q# |sq -bsq eTT\ +eTT>
+&e#Tq \-n s bsu < \T >+<+eT+<T nqT+<e TT
#|jTTHqT.
15) bsu < e TT\qT n< jTqeTT #jT Ty] | d#q :bsu<\qT >T]+#T |<q >+<eTT \T>T n+\T
>T]+|&q$. eTeTTqqTd]+ bsu<eTT\qT >T]+|eqT.
bsu < \T |X \y> jT&q$. eT+eTT\ se TT\ (]|s H\)
$Te TT +^w (ns_) n+\T >T]+|&q$. eT+eTT\ se TT\T
nqTyeTT\ es jT&q$.
leT$Kqd qeT'

xvii

xvi

ysT dV d{_' X ' d+U+ VQ $ds y T $w deTH <++

` n #| &q $w deTTqT $we T] <s |<X e T+~q < u ><T\ {q s >+<e TT> qT|< +|>, ysT < H\TZ
\\ |]eDeTT>\ >+<e TT> s+qT Xd |eDeTT. $KqdT\T
>V deTTqT, u><T\T eT eT >+<eTT\qT j
j |eTT\+<T $j+|< q eTq |r\qT d]+jTTHsT.
eTq |r\T |se T beDe TT jTT+& jTT+&TqjTT y{
de]+#T n~seTT yU\ +&<yqjTT nE&q>T H
n_bjTeTT.
$KqdT\T<] +q eTq |r\qT u ><T\T L& jT<<e TT>
eT eT >+<e TT\ qT<V ]+ jTTHsT. n{y = :
1) q+ |Deq+ n - y d 3-17, X| Cq+& 61,79,83,
110 |J \q, n deTs sH~s D
eTT 34-9 q, ~seTT
n 17-237 q, +&> - u
u dsT\T e+ - q |DjTqyT
n de]+HsT.
2) Cee - n y. d. 2-14 C+. 85 |J, $eHsq
\eTT 314 |JqT, q|&
sTT. u
udsT\T e+-Cee,
n de]+HsT.
# &T +&T eTVXjTT&T yUqd >V d+ 32e
|J n<C| Cee-Edn only, nq> 1914 eTT~+|&q
>+<] ->Vd >+<e TT eyT bse TT \< d+
jTTH&T. nq> >+<e TT<D |]ws\ T |< |]wsD |sT
de]+ +& jTT+&e#Tq }V+|e#Tq d#q. +&T
eTVXjTT&q bsu<eTT- Ce$T'- $+_-d+s+
eTT~+|&q VeT >+<e TTq, yU qd >+<e |#T sD
yTq u\w sTys<q eTTq L& f q~. $T*q bsu < \T
eT#T = |]o*+#+&

xviii

u
u dsT\ bse TT
V|HT
XeeTqTX
~ e+qeTd
n>ssd

jTH>s de TT - TT>< bse TTqqT d]+ n e\qT

+&>, u udsT\T de]+q bseTT qqTd]+ |]ws\T
eTT~+#T y<| ] #jT eTT >\ y] >+<s> sDyTq ~.
u
udsbse TT $u~ +#T u ><T\T<] +q eTq |r\T:
1) ueq H> - C+ 117 |, $n 202 |Jq
jT + 33-51 34-30 q, +&> u eq H > - n u
uds
bseTT.
2) X - C+ 116 |J, jT eTT 33-21 qT,
$n, 20 |JqT q~. X - nuw bse TT.
3) e+<q @w - C+ 167 |, $n 202 |J, e+<q @wuw bse TT, jT +, 33-51
4) yes
- C+ 116 |, yes
- uw bse TT.
n> - u
udsT\ bse TT |P]> bNq bs+ $u~ dT+ <
nseTT <T. = = # *dq d+<s\T L& HsTT.
<VsD-HjT X>-C 79 |, $n, 202 |J, ~s+
17-275, u
udsT\ eT+bse TT d]be#Tq~.
qT-$Eq bs \T, >TsT u b{+, $KqdT\T, u ><T\T,
nqT>V +q bse TTH<]+|>\ s $q|eTT
bse|wT q u
u dsT\ bT l lyd B
T \

eTq u>eTT\ u
udsT\T #dq esT\T y< >+<e TT
u
udsT\T
k |HT
s |HT

$KqdT\ bse TT 1. V|HT y. d (1-3)

2. nX eeTqTX y. d. 1-3
3. ~+ e+qeTd y. d. 1-10
4. nssd y. d. 1-13

xix