Values, Ethics, & Cultural Differences

Values, Ethics, & Cultural Differences
1 / 23
Values, Ethics, & Cultural Differences between Japan, Taiwan, and China
Abstract
This research paper will talk about the different Values, ethics, and Cultural
between Japan, Taiwan, and China. These three districts are all in East Asia. They are
very close to on location. Because of the old history, they affect to each other a lot.
So, they have a lot of similarities on Values, Ethics, or Cultural. For example, Chinese
and Taiwanese are all speak mandarin. Some old Taiwanese can speak Japanese. Also,
there are so many Chinese characters in Japanese. However, they have a lot of
difference between each other. For example, Chinese and Taiwanese gifts in pairs, like
2, 4, 6, 8 Numbers. The Japanese gift is odd number commonly, usually with 1, 3, 5,
7, etc., and Japanese people is very taboo "9" and "4". The Chinese and Taiwanese in
many cases are to express greeting by shaking hands. First met with people,
acquaintances reunited, leave or off with a handshake of goodwill. In Japan, bowing is
the most basic courtesy. In a word, this study will help people to learn what is the
difference between Japan, Taiwan, and China, on values, ethics and cultural.
Introduction
Doing business between countries should know their difference. Japan, Taiwan
and China, is three important financial and trade zone in East Asia. They have some
similar things. However, every different country is different. In this study we will
show the difference of value, ethics and cultural in the three area.
2 / 23
Values,
Japan
In Japan before World War II, people absolute loyalty to the emperor and the
country. (Modern Japan, James Huffman, 1998) Devotion to the idea of the emperor
and the country has been dominated by the center of the Japanese values. Interrelated
with this concept, and support them from the basis of traditional family values and
personal life of asceticism. However, the defeat of a national implementation proved
wrong route against the world; and, as a dedicated to the goal of the emperor, also
issued a Humanity Declaration in 1946 New Year's Day, announced that he is man,
not God, tear off the mask in his own body mystery. (Japanese Culture, 01/05/2010)
This allows time for the Japanese lost the allegiance of temporary objects.
Implement a verification system for textbook the U.S. headquarters civil affairs
bureau, which is not in conformity with the requirements were cut or blotted out.
Western liberalism and democratic values through various channels, emphasize the
personal value are introduced and instilling. Huge social changes and intense conflict
between old and new values and alternating, and at that time, because people are short
of food and clothes, struggling with life, had to take a variety of means, in order to
survive in the early post-war Japan has considerable value.( Steve Jones The United
States and Japan After World War II)
However, entering the 1950s, Japan has been through a difficult phase of the
early postwar period, social production and life gradually into the normal track. At
this time, the development of society began to make new demands of people, namely
the establishment of stability and development of society and adapt values. From this
period, the Japanese ruling class from their own interests, have been associated with
3 / 23
the development of the labor bill strikes law and other regulations, restrictions on
labor movement and strikes, this means using the state machinery is committed to
social stability and economic development. In this context, the enterprise has also
realized that in order to make the enterprise to obtain long-term interests and
sustainable development, must ensure that workers' loyalty to the company, not easy
to fire workers, and began to practice the lifetime employment. This makes the
company's relationship with workers for one of the same. Due to the relationship
between enterprise and worker relative immobilized, coupled with high economic
growth period the worker can be expected from the enterprise such as the workplace,
this greatly closely the relationship between employees and enterprises, make the past
people loyal to the country's transition to loyal to the workplace and community. For
everybody, the enterprise the workplace is not only a work, such as the source of
economic place, also be to enrich life and realize the meaning of life.
With the rapid development of economy, people especially young people left the
countryside into the cities. Plus the post-war new constitution, the liberalism and
democracy principle stipulated in the civil law implementation, as well as the
continued influence of western culture, lead to the disintegration of the traditional
family original community. At the same time, the development of economy and the
improvement of life also brought a declining birth rate, family size shrinking, and the
"nuclear family" rapid progress. The deterioration of family community, contributed
to the establishment of the new type of family values.
In addition, the material life of enrichment, stabilization of life, for people to
pursue and realize their own natural desires to provide the material conditions. In
4 / 23
western culture, the values of cleansed of rough, the personal life of asceticism has
completely become a thing of the past, instead of the affirmation of individual
material desires and sexual consciousness of liberation.
In short, the economic recovery and growth rapidly improve and improve
material life level, the new constitution spirit and the continued effect and influence of
western culture and interactions with the three overlapping, contributed to the
formation and establishment of postwar Japan social values.
Taiwan
Value is person belonging or a group unique characteristics, or implied or outside
the dominant, one kind of why considered a worthwhile area. This idea affected the
individuals or groups in the way action available and the purpose of making a choice.
(Smith, K. B. (1993))
Some people think values system includes three values,
worldview, society values, or personal philosophy outlook. Worldview refers to the

relationship between man and the universe nature, and other supernatural ideas.
Society values is the ideas of the relationship between society and its members. (Liu,
B. C. (1989))Personal view is the individual members of society must have some
values philosophy. The specific classification generally include order to religious
values and worldview- related political values and social values associated economic
value, family values, moral values, and achievements and personal view about the
value and so on. No matter what kind of law is a universal value in itself, that is, the
value of will react and use in different situations. Value is also abstract, must be
thoroughly over the specific attitudes reflect the values of in order to observe and
understanding.
There are several ways to defined value, Rokeach Value Survey is one of them.
5 / 23
Rokeach thinks the belief is either mode of conduct or end-state of existence, other
than these two are about individual. The report of the Rokeach Value Survey contain
two type of value, one is the terminal values and one is the instrumental values. For
the terminal values, it is more about people accomplish their goals. Rokeach
mentioned that taking the RVS survey at different environment will have different
result. People will activate their values at different atmosphere.
Based on the previous survey, the values changed are religious value, society and
ethics values, political values and economics values. On the religious value, people
who believe that peoples soul would not die have increased. Basically, the percentage
of those people who believe religious is important have increase. On the society and
ethics value side, family are always the one provide resources and emotions. More
and more people accept the relationship between wife and mother-in-law should be
equal, and sending parents to home for aged when they are old, not taking care of
them by themselves. When talking about political values, Taiwanese usually thinks
the political is important, they think it is important to have the power make decision,
and also the power to speech, but people thinks political decision influence starts
decreasing. People usually thinks about they should have the right to make decision
and the right to speech, but they did not think of we should build this right equally on
everyone. Economics values, for those people who thinks if you agreed with
hardships, you will success are decreasing. It means, for those people who work hard
on their work will change. People getting a good job is one of the most important
goals of other people. More and more people accept women and men should have
high education. The last one is the traditional values, there are some people still
6 / 23
hoping to keep the past ethics values, most of them are high education people.
China
As we know, most of Chinese speak mandarin especially in north of the China.
(Zimmermann) Stretching over 50 degrees of latitude and covering 3.7 million sq
miles of land, the Peoples Republic of China is one of the largest countries in the
world with over 20 per cent of the planets population. It is bordered by countries and
has a 12, 4000-mile long Pacific coastline. (p. 12) China has one party to govern
their country which is called Communist Party, and its capital is Beijing. Beijing is the
capital of the People's Republic of China, and the national central city. It is one of the
center of Chinese politics, culture, science and education, and international
communication center. Also, it is center of the Chinese economic, financial decisionmaking and management. It has 22 provinces. The Chinese value the importance of
the family. [] Various researchers also stress the pride which Chinese people take in
their culture as well as the fact that Chinese culture and society can be defined as
collectivist. (para. 3)There is no doubt that family is the most important things for
people. I am a Chinese. As I was a child, my parents told me family is the most
important things for my life, and they say that to me for 18 years. At Asia, family is
the first place before everything. We have to take care of our family which means
children are cling to their parents for support until they have ability to earn money by
themselves. Actually, parents does not have to pay any fees for their children when
their children grow up to 18 years old; however, Chinese peoples traditional value is
to support their children until they can support themselves. Also, as a child, they have
to support their parents when parents get older and older. Children need to take care of
7 / 23
their parents. As a result, the most useful method is living with their parents together.
The family in China is not only means father, mother, and children, but also means
mothers parents and fathers parents. That is the whole family in China. In China,
they have a big festival have to celebrate every year which is Chinese New Year.
Chinese New Year is a very important traditional Chinese holiday. People used to
celebrate it at the beginning of the Chinese calendar. In China, it is also known as the
Spring Festival. This is the time everyone comes back to stay with their parents and
relatives. One hundred years ago, there are more than fifty people together to
celebrate the Chinese New Year. The only way to keep familys flourish is that
Children must learn not to answer back to their parents or other elders. It is assumed
that the family as a whole will thrive and prosper if harmony prevails at home. (para.
4) In another words to explain is that the basic rules is obedience. Children have to
obey their parents words. With the development of era, children could come up some
questions or objections with their parents. Then, the family need sit down to discuss
it. Freedom, equality and democracy are common values shared by many people.
However, traditional Chinese values: ritual, benevolence and justice, are the values
which China should share with the rest of the world. (para. 1) The ritual value
needs people to behave in a civilized manner which included in many aspects such as
shake hands, dining, hug, and so on. Benevolence is another value in Chinese
culture which also could means fairness. In China, fairness means give weak and
strong people same opportunity. In Chinese peoples mind, they think fairness is very
important for social harmony, and it is a way to represent the social progress. The last
8 / 23
one is justice. In Chinese culture, the legality and morality of procedure as well as
the result are both important. (para. 5) As a result, ritual, benevolence, and justice are
the value of China.
China, Taiwan, and Japan are all from Asian, so they have many values are the
same. No doubt that, their ethics also is very similar. Next, let us compare how they
are different between the ethics.
Ethics
Japan
In the 1990s, more and more Japanese are seeing business ethics as an
established discipline. In spite of this trend, there is no unanimous agreement on the
definition of business ethics. (Iwao Taka Oct. 1997). Japan's business is very
formal,*( LeClair, D. (1999)) norms are very good. Use name joking is the practice of
many people in the United States, in Japan is considered inappropriate. Even when
exchanging business cards, in Japan is very formal, be regarded as a kind of
ceremony. Business card to be seen as a symbol of a person; exchanging business
cards symbol between two business partners to build up the new relationship.
Taiwan
Forsyth mentioned idealism and relativism for ethics. Idealism believes that if
you do something correctly, you will have good result. Also, when working with
group, need to think for everyones benefits.( Jeanne Mei-Chyi, L. (1998)) Should
always make decision based on the ethics. Forsyth thinks different ethics exist will
make the difference of people decide of ethics. There are four different types of
personal ethics classification, situationist, subjectivist, absolutist, and receptionist.
The group situations is refused to follow ethics, when making decision they will
follow what they think and they will always avoid hurting other people.( Smith, K.
9 / 23
(1992)) Absolutist always think the best result will happened through regular ethics.
When group subjectivist making decision, the most important things they care about
is their selves benefits, not regular ethics rules. Receptionist is one type of group that
follow the ethics rules most of the time, but they will not follow on some specific
time. Their main point is to seek after the whole societys benefits. Forsyth had
developed twenty questions over the ethics called ethics position questionnaire.
Ethics ideology is one of the most important mainstay to maintain society. We
have been taught, the five educations in Taiwan, includes, ethical education,
intellectual education, physical education, social skills education, aesthetic education,
and spiritual education.( Chen-Fong, W. (2003)) The main part of ethics in Taiwan is
philosophy. There are four points of philosophy, moral ideas, moral character and selfregulation, morality and conduct, honest, civil conduct and law. Ethic philosophy is
usually means people and people or people with natural connection. Ethics is more
objective and morality is subjective. Other important part is to increase students
ethics quality and the difference between ethics and morality. The purpose of the
moral character is to develop better talented person. Also, to understand the
combination between history inheritance and modern life. Honest, morality and
conduct is to teach us how important is to be honest. Honest is the best policy. I think
being honest is really important. My parents taught me whatever we did, we need to
be honest, do not afraid of telling the truth. In the market economic, it is one of the
important requirement, it is now a fair global world. Being honest is one of the
important step to reach self-value. Civil conduct and law is to let student understand
how civil conduct works and increase students follow the laws and also combine
10 / 23
ethics and law.

Global prevalence of utilitarianism, past life values and ethics undue twist, the
whole ethos of social development and the establishment of a significant impact,
especially in the campus discipline event. Not only inside the campus, not only poor
in education, and the whole community perception. Being a good example, and how
to educate the next generation it is important. We need to actively promote ethics
education department reorganization, built educators correct values of life.
China
As we know, China was a big country which has very long time history
around five thousand years. Since ancient times, China have many different ethics
which included Confucian Ethics, Mohist Ethics, Daoist Ethics, Legalism, and
Chinese Buddhist Ethics. Confucianism was founded by ConfuciusGradually, it was
developed to use hierarchical as the core of ideological system which means children
have to listen to parents, lower level have to listen to higher level, and people have to
listen to the king. It is Chinese biggest influence genre. It is also the Chinese ancient
mainstream consciousness. The Confucian school has exerted a far-reaching influence
to China, East Asia and even the whole world. Confucian ethical included rn, y, and
l, and zh. Ren is people build relationships with each other. Yi is that people
should to uphold justice and with a good characters. Li means the rules of the ritual,
and it decides how a person to behave in their daily life. Zhi is an ability to
distinguish the right and fair. Mohism is one of the main philosophical schools at
Chinese Eastern Zhou Era. Mohist School could divided into earlier period and the
later period two stages. Earlier period thoughts mainly relates to the social politics,
ethics and epistemology. Later period mohism mainly focus on logic. Mohist
11 / 23
proposition love and equality between people and against aggression war. It attaches
importance to the cultural inheritance and follow the law in the natural world. For
Mohism, love should be equal to everyone; however, parents should get more love
than any others. The reason for that is parents raised children to grow up, and as a
child, they should support their parents when they have ability to earn money. In
society, everyone should get same concern and love, and there is no different between
weak people and strong people. For Daoist Ethics, It is another thought which
believed and focused on "naturalness". Naturalness means simplicity and spontaneity.
Also, its three Treasures are compassion, moderation, and humility. Daoist Ethic is
also Chinese traditional ethics. It told people to be careful of their traditional etiquette
and custom. It also focus on natural which means everything in the world should have
their own ways to exist. People cannot use others ways to change it; inverse, keep
everything natural will be a great way to our life. Next one is Legalism. In Chinese
history, Legalism studies the way to govern the country, and puts forward to use law
to control the country. Law is using the specific methods to execute. It involved in
legal, economic, administrative, organization management of social science, social
reform, law, economics, finance, monetary, international trade, administrative
management, organization theory and operational research, etc. Comparing with other
research of philosophy and religious, the scope of legalism's research belongs to the
social sciences. A very famous person who is the schools contributor pointed that
there are three things are important. The first one is called Fa which means people
should be equal under the law, and everyone should obey it. Shu is a way which
12 / 23
keep ruler mystery, so there is no one could know how to look for the shortcuts. On
the contrary, they will following the laws to do everything. Shi is rulers position
but not their power. Legalism standard Chinese ancients systems of the law, and give
people idea how to create a new valid and useful law. The last one I want to talk about
is Chinese Buddhist Ethics. Although Buddhism is not origin from China, they still
have their own Buddhist Ethics. The traditional Buddhism was focus on five precepts
which are no killing, no stealing, no lying, no sexual misconduct, and no intoxicants.
Buddhism ask people to goodness in their daily life from insect to human. Also,
everything is equal in all over the world. From ancient times, people follow these
ethics. It is also the reason why China has profound cultures and history. In todays
era, people still study and explore their ancient ethics. Chinese people hope their
ethics could be remember and live forever in the world.
The last one we want to compare are their cultural. As we know, there are
many cultural between China and Japan are the same because China have been sent a
person go to Japan to spread their culture many years ago. On the below, let us talk
about what the different between them.
Cultural
Japan
Japan is almost all Yamato people. (Yamato minzoku, Morihiro Nakanishi 1997)
Residents of Shintoism and Buddhism are the major, a small number of Christian and
Catholic. Japan still keeps manners and customs of tang dynasty in China.
Japan is a country pay attention to etiquette. (Uchida, H. (2002).)In daily life,
greetings, hat bowed, sincere, amiable. Meet for the first time, 90 degrees bowed to
each other, not necessarily a handshake. If the person is an old friend or familiar with
is active to shake hands, and even embrace. Meet female guests, she stretched out his
13 / 23
hand to shake hands. If you need to talk, you should talk to lounge or room. Japanese
generally without cigarettes entertain guest, if the guests want to smoke, must first
obtain the consent of the owner.
The Japanese pay attention to dress, wearing and easy clean at ordinary times.
( Kudoh, T. (1993)) General wear dress on formal occasions, most men wear a set of
dark suit, women's wear kimonos. When the weather is hot, don't literally take off
your clothes, if you need to take off your clothes, should first seek consent of the
owner. In general, only wear vests or bare feet is considered disrespectful behavior.
In Japan, "Mr", only used to call, supervisor or senior teachers, doctors, and
people with special contribution, if the general say "Sir", will make them feel
embarrassed. And talk about Japanese tea ceremony, and it is very popular. The tea
ceremony, the Japanese used to mind, communicate and peculiar to the noble art of
tea, tea, is a kind of folk custom, edify sentiment to observe etiquette. They don't
directly put the tea into the tea cup, but on the small and exquisite teapot. Down, with
a small filter to prevent the tea into the cup. And half a cup to worship, generally no
longer duration of tea. This often makes the used to drink a cup of tea the Chinese
always feel difficult to quench thirst. No matter home or a restaurant, seat has a level,
usually obey the arrangement of the master. Japanese businessmen more importance
to establish a long-term cooperative partnership. They pay much attention to in
business negotiations to maintain each other's face, at the same time hope that the
other party to do the same. Gifts, very pay attention to class or grade, so don't give
them too expensive gifts, lest they mistakenly believe that your identity is higher than
they. Tipping is not very popular in Japan, if in doubt, don't give. Tipping is put the
14 / 23
money in an envelope or wrapped in tissue paper, Japanese think cash is a very

embarrassing thing.
Japanese people don't like purple, think this is the color of sadness, most avoid is
green, thought to be writing on the wall; Avoid is lotus patterns, thought to be demon
flowers; Avoid "9", "4", etc. Gifts, don't give digital gifts for "9", because "9" in
Japanese pronunciation and "bitter". The pronunciation of "4" and "death" is the same,
so when arranging accommodation, room number to avoid 4 floor 4 4 tables, etc.
Japanese businessmen are taboo "February", "August", because this is business
season. In addition, hate the gold and silver eye cat, think see this cat to bad luck.
The Japanese were very interested in the shaoxing wine, maotai for China. Don't
eat preserved egg. That is very exquisite, with chopsticks chop sticks on the
chopsticks holder. At the same time, also avoid with a pair of chopsticks let everybody
ordinal clip to get food, also can't put chopsticks vertically in rice. Give the exquisite
calligraphy or seal to the Japanese, is welcome. We Chinese people like to specifically
carve into the edge of broken the seal type, in order to show ancient and vigorous. If
this is sent to a Japanese friend, each other will be unhappy; they think this kind of
incomplete is unlucky.
Taiwan
The evolution of human society from barbarism to civilization, in this effort we
get all aspects of performance, including religion, morality, art, science, law, customs,
etc, that the overall performance of the cultural together. Different social life
experience produce different patterns of behavior and thinking and value orientation.
In other words, human thinking, behavior patterns, as well as value orientation, must
have its " life experience " as the basis; and " life experience " of individuals is bound
15 / 23
to be "social experience " covered as; " social experience " is a kind of "History
continuing body, " that hidden in the ongoing ethnic social experience as a" common "
and specific to the quality of other ethnic groups is the culture, or cultural
characteristics of the population. Culture is omnipresent, it implicit in the thinking of
individuals and groups of all words and deeds.
There are few big distinguishing feature, the first one is the changing govern
frequently, at first Holland control over Taiwan for thirty eight years, during that
Spanish control over Taiwan for sixteen years. Then Japan took control over Taiwan
for half century. In Taiwan Island, we had seven country flags, symbolized seven
different governs over Taiwan. Second of the big distinguishing feature is the heavy
ocean cultural; it is more fluidity, openness, diversity, and forgiveness.( Dr. Sim
Kiantek July 18 2000)
There are different kinds of cultural in Taiwan, such as languages, food, religious,
and festival. As languages, we have several different languages speaks in Taiwan,
such as the most common one, mandarin Chinese, Taiwanese and Hakanese. Most
people in the north speak mandarin Chinese.(Taiwan) A person who lives in south
Taiwan speaks Taiwanese more than mandarin Chinese. Elder people speak Japanese
too. There are many different type of food in Taiwan, the most popular food are at the
night market. Night market is one of the famous cultures in Taiwan. Unlike US, we do
not have much place to go at night. But in Taiwan, we can still find stores or food
court open till late midnight. I believe most of the traveler who went to Taiwan loves
our night market. All different kind of food they have never taste before. Religious is
one of our culture, most of the people believe in Buddhism. People will go to temple
16 / 23
to pray for healthy and wealthy. More and more people become Christian. We also
celebrates many different festivals that are not same as the United States or we have
the same festivals but at different date. For example, we celebrate fathers day at
August 8th, because of the similar sounds of eight and father. There are some
important festivals we celebrate in Taiwan, for example, Chinese New Year, Lantern
festival, Farmers day, dragon boat festival, ghost festival, mid-autumn festival,
double ninth day and so on. These are some important festival we will celebrate. We
also celebrate some same festival as US, such as New Year, teachers day, Valentines
Day, Christmas Eve and Christmas. (Holidays and Festivals)
China
For Chinese culture, there are too much things could be listed. China, as a cultural
nation, it has the longest history around the world. China cumulates five thousand
years history and cultural standing on one of the influential country in the world. As a
Chinese, I have to admit that our cultural are too much to study and discover. After
five thousand years, there are many cultural or folk customs disappeared. There is no
one knows whole cultural of our country, China as a multi-ethnic country includes
fifty six different ethnic; however, there are many of them becoming disappear. Each
ethnic has their own culture, and the Han as the biggest ethnic exist in China. Many
years ago, at ancient era, there is a Chinese who called He Zheng. He brought our
products and traveled to Southeast Asia and South Asia countries to spread our
cultural and history. As a result, there are many countries have the similar cultural as
China. China as a civilized nation, they followed Confucianism since ancient time.
The most representative of Chinese is Beijing Opera which has two hundred years
17 / 23
history. The clearest signal of Beijing Opera is its types of facial makeup in operas
and clothes. They paint face with many different color to express actors character and
personality. About the traditional culture, people who grower up at this time does not
have too much idea. A Few people might say: Chinese traditional culture is extensive
and profound which has a long history. From Hong xiuquan's Jintian uprising, Ceng
Li's westernization movement, Kang Liang's reform movement, and He Ziyuan's
education innovation, Sun yat-sen's democratic revolution, until the fall of Qing
dynasty. Although they may have a little bit different, their end is the same which is
only one objective: to maintain the family of the Chinese nation and promote the
continuous development of our society. Another Chinese famous culture is their
clothes, especially for the ancient clothes and Tang suit. Tang suits color usually is
red. As we know, red color is Chinese lucky color. People like to wear red clothes
when they have Chinese New Year. As a result, red Tang suit becomes the popular
clothes at Chinese New Year. There are too much cultural in China. The last example I
want to list is Chinese food. I know there are lots of restaurant in USA; however, the
really Chinese food is not same as American people know. They are similar, but they
are different. China divided their cuisine into eight major cuisines. They are Shandong
cuisine, Sichuan cuisine, Jiangsu cuisine, Cantonese cuisine, Zhejiang cuisine, Fujian
cuisine, and Hunan cuisine. Each of them has their different taste. Among the many
cooking methods they use are boiling, stewing, braising, frying, steaming, crisping,
baking, and simmering and so on. (para. 3) The most famous diner in China is called
Man Han Quan Xi. That is the biggest banquet in China, and this veritable banquet
18 / 23
in its preparation and presentation typifies all of the culture and culinary arts that have
been perfected over centuries and is a comprehensive amalgam of taste, instruments,
and manners. (para. 1) Because it is very expensive, there are few people or governor
have been tried it. There are thousands of Chinese cultures in their country because it
has the longest history in the world. There is always having some mysterious things in
that country and it wait for people to discover it. It will not let people down, no matter
what people want to find in that country such as business, education, or history.
We can also through some data comparing the three places. The following data is
from CIA 2011-2012
Territory
Population
GDP
GNP
Foreign
Exchange Reserve
GNI
China
1045
square
kilometers
1.345 billion
Us $7.485 trillion
Us $5.7 trillion
Us $3.6 trillion
Japan
37.38
square
kilometers
126 million people
Us $5.865 trillion
Us $5.369 trillion
Us $1.32 trillion
Taiwan
3.6
square
kilometers
23 million
Us $474.015 billion
Us $488.417 billion
Us $151.5 billion
Us $5435
Us $45000
Us $20100
The composition of GDP;

China: Chinese statistical yearbook 2010 display; industrial components of Chinese
GDP accounted for 47% of GDP, agriculture accounts for 10.3%, the third industry in
the service sector accounted for 32%.Exports accounted for 10%. In 2010, the
Commerce Department report: China has overtaken America as the world's
industrialized countries!
Japanese GDP; Japanese statistical yearbook 2011 shows that: the composition of
19 / 23
Japanese GDP, industry accounted for 25.3%, exports accounted for 1.3%.Service
industries accounted for 73.4%.
Service industries include: banking, insurance, anime, tourism and other tertiary
industries.
The composition of Taiwan's GDP; The composition of its GDP is: the main body for
the foreign trade industry, service industry. Agricultural and industrial proportion is
extremely low.
From these date we can see that China is lead to other two countries in several
items. However, in the GNI part China is behind others a lot. The main reason of this
status is the population. The population of China is more than Japan and Taiwan too
much. In Chinese textbook they always says, Chinese vast territory and abundant
resources, but the per capita quantity less. On another hand, Japanese is lead others
on GNI part. That is different between these three countries.
Taiwan, Japan, and China each hold tenacious views about ownership of several
islands and their surrounding waters. Joel Brinkley 2 2014 The small group
islands is known as the Diaoyu speak in Chinese, and Senkakus speak in Japanese.
Now seems to smell the smelling of the war. If it happens, for the three countries the
loss of the matter is difficult to estimate. People will be dying, and the economy will
be destroyed. So, war is the worst choice. In the future, peace and friendship for
common development is the best choice for the three countries. Building a strong
neighbor relationship will be good to each other. The following date will be prove my
point of view: in 2013 their bilateral trade to $312.55 billion, down 5.1%, about 7.5%
20 / 23
of the total cost of the import and export of Chinese foreign trade. Chinese exports to
Japan of $150.28 billion, down by 0.9%; Chinese imports from Japan $162.27 billion,
down 8.7%.Chinese trade deficit of $11.99 billion, to Japan shrank by 54%. From
these data we can see the bilateral trade volume are all down in 2013. The cause of the
status is those disputed islands in South China Sea. Finally, we hope these three
countries can build a good relationship. Dont forget they have so many similar cross
each culture.
Conclusion
For international business that is very important to understand the different value,
ethics and cultural between different countries. Japan, Taiwan and China, are similar
in somewhere, but there are more difference between them.
Work Cites
21 / 23
Okabe, Y. (2012). Changes in Japanese managers' work values and attitudes: a

comparison of 1995 and 2009. International Journal Of Human Resource
Management, 23(6), 1216-1225. doi:10.1080/09585192.2011.561439
Rogers, K. (1999). The well-mannered motorcade. American Heritage, 50(8), 24.
Izumi, S. (2006). Bridging western ethics and japanese local ethics by listening to
nurses' concerns. Nursing Ethics, 13(3), 275-283.
Erffmeyer, R. C., Keillor, B. D., & LeClair, D. (1999). An Empirical Investigation of
Japanese Consumer Ethics. Journal Of Business Ethics, 18(1), 35-50.
Taka, I. (1994). BUSINESS ETHICS: A JAPANESE VIEW. Business Ethics
Quarterly, 4(1), 53-78
Matsumoto, D., Consolacion, T., Yamada, H., Suzuki, R., Franklin, B., Paul, S., & ...
Uchida, H. (2002). American-Japanese cultural differences in judgements of
emotional expressions of different intensities. Cognition & Emotion, 16(6), 721747. doi:10.1080/02699930143000608
Matsumoto, D., & Kudoh, T. (1993). American-Japanese cultural differences in
attributions of personality based on smiles. Journal Of Nonverbal
Behavior, 17(4),
231-243.
Swinbanks, D., & Cyranoski, D. (2000). regional insight. Nature,
407(6802), 415
Li-Chen, M., & Smith, K. B. (1993). Education, Social class, and Parental
in Taiwan. Journal Of Social Psychology, 133(4), 579-580.
Values
Yen, E. C., Yen, G., & Liu, B. C. (1989). Cultural and Family Affects on Fertility
Decisions in Taiwan, R.O.C.: Traditional Values and Family Structure Are as
Relevant as Income Measures. American Journal Of
Economics & Sociology,
48(4), 415.
Amber Wenling, C., & Jeanne Mei-Chyi, L. (1998). Agency Practitioners' Perceptions
of Professional Ethics in Taiwan. Journal Of Business Ethics, 17(1), 15-23.
Li-Chen, M., & Smith, K. (1992). Social Correlates of Confucian Ethics in Taiwan.
Journal Of Social Psychology, 132(5), 655-659.
22 / 23
Chen-Fong, W. (2003). A Study of the Adjustment of Ethical Recogntion and Ethical

Decision-Making of Managers-to-be Across the Taiwan Strait
Before and After
Receiving a Business Ethics Education. Journal Of Business Ethics, 45(4), 291-307.
Lee, I., & Tan, J. Y. (2012). Filial ethics and judgments of filial behaviour in Taiwan
and the United States. International Journal Of Psychology, 47(3), 161-168.
doi:10.1080/00207594.2011.616511
Bedford, D. (2008). China. New York: DK Pub.

"Chinese Food: Features, Eight Cuisines, Culture, Recipes with Photos." Chinese
Food: Features, Eight Cuisines, Culture, Recipes with Photos. N.p., n.d. Web.
06 Mar. 2014.
"Chinese Values." Chinese Values. N.p., n.d. Web.
Duus, Peter. Modern Japan. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1998. Print
"Festivals and Public Holidays." Rough Guides. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Mar.
2014"Kirainet - A Geek in Japan." Humanity Declaration Ningen
Sengen Kirainet.com A Geek in Japan. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Mar. 2014.
Kiantek, Sim. "The True History of Taiwan." The True History of Taiwan. N.p., 18
July 2000. Web. 06 Mar. 2014.
Mente, Boye De. Japanese Etiquette & Ethics in Business. Lincolnwood, IL: Passport,
1987. Print.
Modern Japan, James Huffman, 1998)
Nakanishi, Morihiro. Yamato Minzoku. Tky: Nihon Tosho Kankkai, 1997. Print
"Sharing Chinese Values with the World." China News, Weather, Business, Travel &
Language Courses. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Mar. 2014.
Taka, Iwao. Business Ethics in Japan. Vol. 16. N.p.: Springer, 1997. Print
"The United States and Japan After World War II." About.com US Foreign Policy.
N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Mar. 2014
"Welcome to Taiwan People." Welcome to Taiwan People. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Mar.
2014.
Zimmermann, Kim Ann. "Chinese Culture: Customs & Traditions of China."
LiveScience. TechMedia Network, 17 Apr. 2013. Web. 06 Mar. 2014.
23 / 23
Joel, B. (2014). Conflicting claims: China, japan, taiwan on edge. world affairs,

Values, Ethics, & Cultural Differences

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Values, Ethics, & Cultural Differences

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Values, Ethics, & Cultural Differences