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mjvB Ki `Iqv Ggb KZ wK| Kvbv KvR KLbv bv ejZ bv| Avi KiZI PgrKvi|
GKevi QU ciei w`b KqK cqmvi iwOb KvMR Avi kvjv wKb wK GKUv bZyb Zwi Ki
m Mvi NvU em cvq AvovB UvKvi Ljbv wew Ki djj| Zvi _K Avgv`i cUfi
wPbev`vg fvRv LvBq w`j|
eQii ci eQi hvq, mKj eo nq DVjvg| wRgbvwKi AvLovq jvjyi mgK KD wQj bv|
Zvi Mvq Rvi wQj hgb AmvaviY, mvnm wQj Zgwb Acwimxg| fq Kvi Kq m eva Kwi
RvbZ bv| mKji WvKB m cZ, mevi wec`B m mKji AvM Gm DcwZ| Kej Zvi
GKUv gvivZK `vl wQj, KvDK fq `Lvevi myhvM cj m wKQzZ wbRK mvgjvZ cviZ
bv| GZ Qj eyov iyRb mevB Zvi KvQ mgvb| Avgiv KD fe cZvg bv, fq `Lvevi
Ggb me AyZ dw` Zvi gv_vq GK wbwglB Kv_v _K Avm! `y-GKUv NUbv ewj|
cvovi gbvni PvUzi evwo Kvjxc~Rv| `yciy -ivZ ewji Y eq hvq, wKy Kvgvi
AbycwZ| jvK QzUj ai AvbZ, wKy wMq `L m cUi e_vq APZb| wdi Gm
msev` w`Z mevB gv_vq nvZ w`q emj, Dcvq! GZ ivZ NvZK wgje Kv_vq? `exi c~Rv
c nq hvq h! K GKRb ejj, cuvVv KvUZ cvi jvjy| Ggb AbK m KUQ| jvK
`oj Zvi KvQ| jvjy Nyg fO DV emj, ejj bv|
bv Kx Mv? `exi c~Rvq evNvZ NUj mebvk ne h!
jvjy ejj, nq nvK M| QvUejvq I-KvR KiwQ, wKy GLb Avi Kie bv|
hviv WvKZ GmwQj Zviv gv_v KyUZ jvMj, Avi `k-cbiv wgwbU gv mgq, Zvi ci me
b, me kl| ZLb gnvKvjxi Kvc KD euvPe bv| jvjyi evev Gm Av`k w`jb hZ|
ejjb, Iuiv wbicvq nqB GmQb,bv Mj Abvq ne| Zywg hvI|

Avb`cvV

11

m Av`k Agvb Kivi mva jvjyi bB|jvjyK `L PvUz gkvqi fvebv NyPj| mgq bB,
ZvovZvwo cuvVv DrmwMZ nq Kcvj wmu`yi, Mjvq Revi gvjv ci nvwoKvV cojv,
evwomy mKji gv gv iei cP wPrKvi wbicvq wbixn Rxei kl AvZK Kv_vq
Wze Mj, jvjyi nvZ Luvov wbwgl EavwZ nqB mRvi bvgj, Zvi ci ewji wQbK
_K ii dvqviv Kvjv gvwU ivOv Ki w`j| jvjy YKvj PvL eyR iBj| gk XvK
Xvj Kuvwmi mswgkY ewji weivU evRbv _g Gj| h cvuVvUv A`i `uvwoq KuvcwQj Avevi
Zvi Kcvj Poj wmu`yi, Mjvq `yjjv ivOv gvjv, Avevi mB nvwoKvV, mB fqi Awg
Ave`b, mB eKi mwwjZ gv gv awb|Avevi jvjyi igvLv Luvov Dci DV
Pi cjK wbP bg Gj ci wLwZ `nUv fwgZj evi-KqK nvZ-cv AvQo wK
Rvwb KvK kl bvwjk Rvwbq wi njv; Zvi KvUv-Mjvi iaviv ivOvgvwU AviI LvwbKUv
ivwOq w`j|
Xywjiv Dbv`i gZv Xvj evRvPQ| DVvb wfo Ki `uvwoq e jvKi e cKvii Kvjvnj;
myLi eviv`vq KvcUi Avmb em gbvni PvUy gyw`Z b Bbvg Rc iZ, AKmvr
jvjy fqi GKUv vi w`q DVj| mvov-k Mj _gmevB wemq G Avi Kx! jvjyi
Ame wevwiZ PvLi Zviv `yUv hb NyiQ, PuwPq ejj, Avi cuvVv K?
evwoi K GKRb fq fq Reve w`j, Avi Z cuvVv bB| Avgv`i ay `yUv KiB ewj nq|
jvjy Zvi nvZi igvLv LuvovUv gv_vi Dci evi-`yB Nywiq fxlY KKkK MRb Ki DVj
bB cuvVv? m ne bv| Avgvi Lyb Pc MQ `vI cuvVv, bBj AvR Avwg hvK cve ai biewj
`e gv gvRq-Kvjx! ejB GKUv g jvd w`q m nvwoKvVi Gw`K _K Iw`K wMq
coj| Zvi nvZi Luvov ZLb ebeb Ki NyiP| ZLb h Kv NUj fvlvq eYbv Kiv hvq bv|
mevB GKm QyUj m`i `iRvi w`K, cvQ jvjy ai dj| cvjvevi Pvq welg VjvVwj|
ovgywoZ mLvb hb `h evcvi ea Mj| KD coQ Mwoq, KD nvgvwo w`q,
KviI cvqi duvKi ga gv_v Mwjq eivevi Pv KiQ, KviI Mjv KviI eMji Pvci
ga co `g AvUKvevi gZv nqQ, GKRb Avi GKRbi Nvoi Dci w`q cvjvevi Pvq
wfoi ga gyL _yeo coQ wKy Gme gv gynZi Rb| Zvi ciB mg duvKv|
jvjy MR DVj gbvni PvUy K? cyiyZ Mj Kv_vq?

12

jvjy

cyiyZ ivMv jvK, m MMvji myhvM AvMB wMq jywKqQ cwZgvi Avovj | iy`e Kykvmb
em PxcvV KiwQjb, ZvovZvwo DV VvKzi `vjvbi GKUv gvUv _vgi wcQb Mv-XvKv
w`qQb| wKy, wecyjvqZb `n wbq gbvnii c QyUvQywU Kiv KwVb| jvjy GwMq wMq euv
nvZ Zuvi GKUv nvZ Pc aij, ejj, Pjv nvwoKvV wMq Mjv `e|
GK Zvi eRgyw, ZvZ Wvb nvZ Luvov, fq PvUyi cvY Do Mj| Kuv`v-Kuv`v Mjvq
wgbwZ KiZ jvMjb, jvjy! evev! wi nq Pq `L Avwg cuvVv bB, gvbyl| Avwg mcK
Zvgvi RvVvgkvB nB evev, Zvgvi evev Avgvi QvUfvBqi gZv|
m Rvwbb| Avgvi Lyb PcQ Pjv ZvgvK ewj `e! gvqi Av`k!
PvUy WyKi Ku` DVjb bv evev, gvqi Av`k bq, KL&Lbv bqgv h RMbbx|
jvjy ejjRMbbx ! m vb AvQ Zvgvi ? Avi `e cuvVv-ewj ? WK cvVve AvgvK cuvVv
KvUZ ? ejv|
PvUy Kuv`Z Kuv`Z ejjb, Kvbvw`b bq evev, Avi Kvbvw`b bq, gvqi mygyL wZb mwZ
KiwP, AvR _K Avgvi evwoZ ewj e|
wVK Z ?
wVK evev wVK| Avi KLbv bv| Avgvi nvZUv Qo `vI evev, GKevi cvqLvbvq hve|
jvjy nvZ Qo w`q ejj AvPQv hvI, ZvgvK Qo w`jvg| wKy cyiyZ cvjvj Kv_v w`q ?
iy`e? m K? GB ej m cyb GKUv vi w`q jvd gi VvKzi `vjvbi w`K AMmi
nZB cwZgvi wcQb I _vgi Avovj nZ `yB wewfb Mjvi fqvZ `b DVj| miy I gvUvq
wgwjq m k Ggb AyZ I nvmKi h, jvjy wbRK Avi mvgjvZ cvij bv| nvt nvt nvt
Ki nm DV `yg Ki gvwUZ LuvovUv dj w`q GK `o evwo Qo cvjvj|
ZLb KviI eySZ evwK iBj bv LybPvcv-Uvcv me wg_, me Zvi PvjvwK| jvjy kqZvwb Ki
GZY mevBK fq `LvwPQj| wgwbU-cuvPKi ga h hLvb cvwjqwQj wdi Gm RyUj|
VvKzii c~Rv ZLbv evwK, ZvZ h_ weN NUQ Ges gnv nP Kjiei ga PvUy gkvB
mKji myL evievi cwZv KiZ jvMjb H evZ QuvovUvK hw` bv Kvj mKvjB Ii
evcK w`q cvk Nv RyZv LvIqvB Z Avgvi bvgB gbvni PvUy bq|

Avb`cvV

13

wKy RyZv ZvK LZ nqwb| fvi DVB m h Kv_vq cvjvj, mvZ-AvUw`b KD Zvi LvuR
cj bv| w`b-mvZK ci GKw`b AKvi jywKq gbvni PvUyi evwoZ XyK Zuvi gv Ges
cvqi ayjv wbq m-hvv evci va _K wbvi cj| wKy m hvB nvK, `eZvi mvgb
mZ KiwQjb ej PvUy evwoi Kvjxc~Rvq ZLb _K cuvVvewj DV Mj|

jLK-cwiwPwZ
fviZi cwge ivRi Mwj Rjvi `evb`cyi Mvg kirP` Pvcvavq 15B mi
1876 mvj RbMnY Kib| Avw_K msKUi KviY gv Gd. G. kwYZ covi mgq Zvi
QvRxebi cwimgvw NU| wZwb wKQyw`b feNyi nq wewfb RvqMv gY Kib| ci 1903
mvj fvMi A^lY evgv (eZgvb gvqvbgvi) hvb| iyb (evgvi ivRavbx) AvKvDUvU
Rbviji Awdm wZwb Kivwbi PvKwi bb| mLvb _KB Zuvi mvwnZmvabv iy| AwZ
Aw`bB wZwb LvwZjvf Kib| 1916 mvj wZwb KjKvZvq wdi Avmb| wZwb 1923 mvj
KjKvZv wekwe`vjqi RMvwiYx c`K Ges 1936 mvj XvKv wekwe`vjq _K wW.wjU. Dcvwa
jvf Kib| M, Dcbvm jLvi cvkvcvwk wZwb wKQy ce wjLb| wZwb evsjv K_vmvwnZ `yjf
RbwcqZvi AwaKvix| Zuvi DjLhvM M: eow`w`, weivRe, ivgi mygwZ, `e`vm,
we`yi Qj, cwZ gkvB, nwijx, Pwinxb, c_i `vex, kxKv, Mn`vn, `bv
cvIbv BZvw`|
kirP` 16B Rvbyqvwi 1938 mvj gZyeiY Kib|

mvi-msc
GK Mvg jvjy bvg evjK wQj| AZ mv`vwma cKwZi GB evjKwU Mvgi mevi wcq wQj|
KviY mKjK mvnvh Kiv wQj Zvi GKgv KvR| mKji QvULvUv wRwbm b nj, fO
Mj mvwiq w`Z m wQj cUy| covjLv Zvi Lye ewk fvjv jvMZ bv| ZvB GKw`b gvqi KvQ
_K 10 UvKv wbq wVKv`vwi KvR jM Mj| Zvi GKUv fqvbK e` Afvm wQjmyhvM cj
jvK`i fq `Lvbv| GKevi Mvg gbvni PvUyi evwoZ KvwjcRv| wKy h jvK ewj
`e m fqvbK Amy| GLb mgmvK cuvVv ewj `e? mevB jvjyi bvg cve Kij| jvjyK
Avbv njv| jvjy ci ci `ywU cuvVv ewj w`j| G myhvM m mKjK fq `Lvevi Dk wPrKvi

14

jvjy

Ki ej DVj KB cuvVv, AviI cvVv Avb, bv nj Avwg mevBK biewj `e| Avgvi gv_vq Lyb
PcQ| me jvK ovwo Ki cvwjq Mj| m GKjvd wMq gbvni PvUyK ai Gb
Kvwjg~wZi mvgb kc_ Kwiq Qvoj hb Avi cuvVvewj `qv bv nq|

kv_
Zvgvkv gRv Kiv; KZyK Kiv; cwinvm; gkKiv| wgw KvwiMi; hwkx| nvgvbw`v
nvZ w`q KwVb `evw` PY Kivi DchvMx jncv I jn`| biyY bL KvUvi A|
Zyicybi djv Kvvw` wQ` Kivi h wekl| mgK mgvb cwZhvMx; mg ejkvjx| dw`
duv`; PvZyix; cZviYv; Qj| Lvuov LoM; Lvv; Zievwi| dvqviv cmeY; Sbv| nvwoKvV
GKcKvi KvwbwgZ duv` hvZ c ewj `Iqv nq, hcKv| cyiyZ cyivwnZ; wn`ymgvR
Mni KjvYi Rb h hvRK `evPbvw` Kib|

Abykxjbx
ewbevPwb ck
1.

2|

jvjy KZ UvKv cyuwR wbq wVKv`vwi iy Kij ?

K. `k

L. wek

M. wk

N. cvk

w_i nq Pq `L- Avwg cvuVv bB, gvbyl gbvni PvUz G Dw Kib

i. gZz i fq
ii. DrmwMZ nevi fq
iii. cwiPq `qvi Rb

wbPi KvbwU mwVK ?

K. i.

L. i I ii

M. ii

N. iii

Avb`cvV

15

wbPi AbyPQ`wU co Ges 3-4 bs cki Di `vI|

PvUy Kuv`Z Kuv`Z ejjb, Kvbvw`b bq evev, Avi Kvbvw`b bq, gvqi mygyL wZb mwZ
KiwQ, AvR _K Avgvi evwoZ ewj e |
3.

4.

PvUy Kuv`Z Kuv`Z KvK K_vjv ejwQjb ?

K. cyivwnZK

L. jvjyK

M. RvVvgkvBK

N. jvjyi evevK

DwjwLZ gvqi mgyL wZb mwZ KiwQ Gi A_ Kx ?

K. cwZv Kiv

L. `pfve cwZv Kiv

M. wZbevi mwZ ejv

N. gvK mZ ejv

mRbkxj ck
1. AbyPQ`wU co Ges wbPi ckjv Di `vI
m Rvwbb| Avgvi Lyb PcQPjv ZvgvK ewj `e ! gvqi Av`k ! PvUz WzKi Ku`
DVjb bv evev, gvqi Av`k bq, KLbv bq, gv h RMbbx| jvjy ejj RMbbx ! m
vb AvQ Zvgvi? Avi `e cvuVv ewj ? WK cvVve AvgvK cuvVv KvUZ ? ejv|
PvUy Kuv`Z Kuv`Z ejjb, Kvbvw`b bq evev, Avi Kvbvw`b bq, gvqi mygyL wZb mwZ
KiwQ, AvR _K Avgvi evwoZ ewj e|
K. PvUy WzKi Ku` DVjb Kb?
L. m vb AvQ Zvgvi? GLvb Kx vbi K_v nqQ ?
M. DZ AskUzKz mvayfvlvq icvi Ki|
N. gvK RMbbx ej AvLvwqZ Kivi Zvrch weklY Ki|

iyPvjx
wkeivg PeZx

mxZvbv_evey wQjb mK cwZ, evsjv covZb| fvlvi w`K Zuvi `w GKUzI fvmv-fvmv wQj
bvwQj ek cLi| Qj`i jLvi ga iyPvjx wZwb gvUB mBZ cviZb bv|
mvni GKUv Nv wQj Qj`i iPbvi Rb euvav| Qjiv evwo _K iPbv wjL AvbZ
GKK mgq Kvm emI wjLZ| mxZvbv_evey mBme iPbv coZb, co-co Avb nZb|
Qv`i mB iPbv cixv Kiv, mxZvi AwMcixvi gZvB GKUv D evcvi wQj mxZvbv_eveyi
KvQ| hgb Zuvi Zgwb Avgv`iI| GZ Ki eKSKI iyPvjx `vl h KvK ej Qv`i
wZwb Zv eywSq DVZ cvibwbD `vlgy Kiv Zv `i _vK|

iPvjx

17

mw`bI wZwb Kvmmy Qji iPbv LvZvq PvL eywjq hvwQjb| `LZ-`LZ Zuvi PvL
jvj nq DVj, nvZi `y-iOv cbwmji jvj w`KUv NmNm Ki PjZ jvMj LvZvi Ici
iPbvi jvBbjv dmdm Ki jvj `vM KU-KU wZwb Awi nq cojb| Gi Pq
Qj`i PveyK jvj Kiv hb mvRv AbKwQj Xi AvivgiAvi Zv KiZ cvij hb
Mvqi Svj wgUZ Zuvi| LvZvjv cvk mwiq iL wZwb ejjbG Avi Kx `Le ! Lvwj
iyPvjx| KZevi Ki ejwQ, nq mvayfvlvq jLv, bqZv K_fvlvq| hUvZB jLv Zv wVK
ne| wKy GKiKgi nIqv PvB| mvayfvlvq Avi K_fvlvq wgwkq wLPzwo cvKvbv Pje bv|
bv, wKQyZB bv| wKy GLbv `LwQ mB wLPzwomB RMvwLPywo|
MYk ejjAvwg mvayfvlvq wjLwQ mvi|
mvayfvlvq wjLQ ? GB Zvgvi mvay mvayfvlv? mxZvbv_evey Mv`vi fZi _K Zvi LvZvUv
DrLvZ KibKx nqQ G ? `ydbwbf khvq m acvm Kwiqv ewmqv cwoj ?
`ydbwbfi mKb mvi, Kwiqv Zv w`qwQ Avwg| Kwiqv wK mvayfvlv nqwb mvi ?
wKy acvm ? acvm Kx fvlv ? `ydbwbfi ciB GB acvm ?
MYk Gevi dbwbfi gZvB wbf hvq, Uzu kwU KiZ cvi bv|
KZevi ejwQ Zvgv`i h, fvlvq wLPzwo cvwKqv bv| nq mvayfvlvq bq K_fvlvq hUvq nq
GKUvZ jLv| wKy `Lv, AvMvMvov hb GKiKgi nq|MYki GB evKwUZ Zvgv`i
ga wbLuyZ Ki ejZ cviv KD?
cvwi mvi| gvbm DV `uvovj| wKy `uvwoqB gv_v PyjKvZ jvMj m| acvm-Gi mvayfvlv Kx
ne Zvi Rvbv bB| LvwbK gv_v PzjK AvgZv-AvgZv Ki m wbRI acvm Ki em coj|
Zvi gvbm h Kx wQj Zv Rvbv Mj bv| mwir DV ejj, wKm eje mvi? K_ fvlvq, bv
AK_ fvlvq?
hvZ Zvgvi cvY Pvq|
`ydbwbf khvq Avqm Ki emj|
`ydbwbfi m Avqm ? mxZvbv_ eveyi gyLLvbvDPQi cvqm Lj hgb nq Zgwbaviv
nq DV : In evcy! iyPvjx KvK ej Zv wK Zvgv`i gMR XzKQ ? gb Kiv h, h-

18

Avb` cvV

PuvovjUv Avgv`i GB zj SuvU `q, m hw` nWgvvi gkvqi m GKvmb em, Zvnj
mUv `LZ Kgb jvM ? mUv hgb `wKUz `Lve, KZKwj mvay-ki ga GKUv
Amvay-k XzKj wVK mBiKg Lvivc `Lvq, ZvB bv? mvayfvlvi k h K_fvlvi ki m
GK cO&wZ emZ cvi bv, mB K_vB Avevi Abvb mvay-ki m wgk Lq ek gvwbq
hZ cvi| hgb D`vniY^ic
eje mvi ? GZY Avwg eySZ ciwQ| ej IV MYk : `ydbwbf khvq AvqvmmnKvi ewmj| wK^v Dcekb Kwij| nqQ mvi Gevi?
wKsev AviI ewk mvayZv Ki Avgiv ejZ cvwi wbib DV `uvovq : Avmb MnY Kwij|
wKsev Avmb cwiMn Kwij|
`xcK ej, mgvmxb nBjI ejv hvq|
Avevi ZzB Gi ga mgvm Gb XvKvwPQm? MYk Zvi Kvbi Mvovq wdmwdm Ki, GZB
Ku` Kj
cvBb, Gi Ici di mgvm ?
hgb D`vniY^ic mxZvbv_evey ejZ _vKb... wKy Zuvi ejvi gvSLvbB wcwiqWi Nv
eR hvq| D`vniY^ic cKvki AvMB ZuvK Kvm Qo hZ nq|
wbRi ee AviK w`bi Rb iL mg ckU vB Avgj gjZwe Ki hvb|
w`bKqK ci MYk ikb AvbZ wMq `Lj h, mK cwZ gkvBI mB miKvwi `vKvb
GmQb| j^v jvBbi duvK mxZvbv_eveyI `uvwoq| mB wKDqi fZi gnjvi
Svo~`viwbqB mLvb Pvj-hgb iqQ, Zgwb AvQ cvovi viv| ZvivI wKQy mvay bq|
iyZi jvK| Zv`i cPvjB ejv hvq eis| cP Zv`i `vcU| cvovi mvi Ges AmvimevB
GK mvii ga Lvov| GKevi mgvb mgvb| ixwZgZvB iyPvjx| mxZvbv_evey wQjb mvwii
gvSvgvwS| MYk AbK ci Gm kli w`K `uvovj| `uvwoq `uvwoq `LZ jvMj
mxZvbv_eveyK| Pvj`i ga iy`e-evKiY weiy GB AfvweZ wgjb`k `L m AevK
njv| mwZ ejZ m-`k AevK nq `Levi gZvB|

iPvjx

19

mxZvbv_eveyi `w Kvbvw`K wQj bv| ARMii gZv weivU jvBb hb KPQci MwZZ GKcv- GK-cv Ki GPQ| KZY ikb wbq wZwb evwo wdieb, nuvwo Pwoq Pvb mi
bvK-gyL `ywU MuyR cvwo `eb zj, mB fvebvZB mg gb cowQj Zuvi|
mnmv GK evjKmyjf ZxK Zuvi Kvb Gm wcb dvUvj| dzUZB wZwb mPwKZ nq
DVjbmvi, mvi ! eM nvb Kj| eM nvb Kj? bZ cjb wZwb| bB wZwb wcQb
wdi ZvKvjb| `LZ cjb MYkK| wKDqi kl `uvwoq wPrKvi QvoQ : eM nvb
Kj|
Zvi gvb ? Kb wZwb eM neb ? Avi nb hw`ev Zv Zv KvjK Kb ? eM hw` nZB nq Zv
AvRKB Kb bq ? GB gynZB ev bq Kb ? Avi, GB gynZ eM nqB ev Kx ne ? wKDqi
jvBb Zv Avi Qj`i LvZvi jvBb bq h cbwmji GK LuvPvq duvk Ki KU GwMq
hveb! hZ ZvovB _vK, hZB eM nb, AvMi jvK`i KvwUq Gevi GKUzI Dcvq bB
GLvb| duvovi gZvB AKvU GB jvBb| duvwoi gZvB fqven|
mvi mvicybivq ! cybivq ! eM nvb Kj ! eM nvb Kj! Avevi mB AvZbv`|
mxZvbv_eveyi BQ Ki Gzwb wMq ek GKUz eMfveB MYki Kvb`yUv ai gj `b AvPQv
Ki| ek Ki gj w`q ejb, GB gjjvg A`| di gje Kj| wKsev Zzj ai GK
AvQvo gvib IK| wKy IK cvKovevi GB eMZv `LvZ wMq jvBbi RvqMv cv-Qvov
Kivi Kvbv gvb nq bv|
Av-Av GwMq `vKvbi fZi cuQ ikbi `vg w`Z wMq Zuvi PvL Kcvji Kvbvq
VKj hgb GKUz AvM Zuvi Kvb PvLv nq DVwQj| `vLb h Zuvi cKU gviv MQ|
cKUi hLvb UvKvi evMUv _vK, mLvbUv duvKv| e_v nBPB bv Ki wegyL wZwb `vKvb
_K ewiq Avmb|
mvi, ZLb Avwg Kx ejwQjvg ? Avwg AZ Ki ejjvg, Zv Avcwb KvbB w`jb bv| Av`
KYcvZB Kijb bv ! MYk AbKUv GwMq GmQ ZZY| `vKvbi gyL cuQ gvvii
myL coQ| Kx ejwQj Zzwg ? Zzwg Zv Avgvq Kvj eM nZ ejwQj? Avi Gw`K Avgvi
AvR mebvk nq Mj!
Kvj eM nZ ejwQ ? gvUB bv| Avwg ejwQjvg Avcbvi eM MnY Kij| Avcbvi ciB h
jvKUv `uvwoq wQj, m nZfvMvB cQb _K Avcbvi cKU nvZ XzwKq

20

Avb` cvV

Zv, cKU gvij ejZ Zvi Kx nqwQj i nZgyL ? mxZvbv_eveyi mg ivM GLb MYki
Ici wMq co : mvRvmywR Zv ejj Kx nZv? ZvZ wK gnvfviZ A nZv Zvi? cKU
gviQ mvi ejZ Kx AvUKvwPQj Zvgvi cvcgyL ?
wQ-wQ MYk! wbRi wRf KvUAgb K_v ejeb bv mvi! cKU gviQm K_v wK
Avcbvi mvgb DPPviY KiZ cvwi ? cKU cnvi KiQ ejjI Zv nq bv| Avi ejyb,
iygkvqi mvgb Agb Pvji gZb fvlv Kx ejZ AvQejv hvq Kx ? I K_v-Agb K_v
ejeb bv mvi| eM MnY Kij ejwQRvwb h, ZvI mcY we nqwb, iyPvjx GKUzLvwb
hb iq MQ; fvejvg, KZevi fvejvg, wKy Kx Kie, evMi mvayfvlv h Kx Zv Zv Avgvi
Rvbv bB mvi| wKy wKQyZB evMi Uv gMR Gj bv| Gw`K fveZ-fveZ evMmy
wbq m h mUKvj !

jLK-cwiwPwZ
wkeivg PeZx 1310 evi 27k AMnvqY RMnY Kib| Zuvi wcZvi bvg wkecmv`
PeZx| wZwb gvj`ni wmkix BwUwUDkb covjLv Kib| Zuvi ckv wQj mvsevw`KZv|
wZwb M`, c`, M, Dcbvm, bvUK, ce iPbv Kib| wekl Ki wk-wKkvi`i Rb
jLvq wZwb wQjb wmn| Zuvi jLv DjLhvM eB : evwo _K cvwjq, Cki cw_ex
fvjvevmv, fvjvevmv cw_ex Cki I nvqvr gvgy` mcvw`Z wKkvi iPbv mgM| wZwb 1387
evi 11B fv` (28k AvM 1980) gZzeiY Kib|

mvi-msc
evsjvfvlvq mycwZ wQjb mxZvbv_evey| evsjv iPbv jLvi mgq wkv_xiv iyPvjx Kij Zv
wZwb gvUI mn KiZb bv| wZwb cvYcY Pv KiI iyPvjx`vl Kx Zv Qv`i evSvZ
cvibwb| h Kvbv jLvi mgq mvay I PwjZ fvlvi wgkY h iyPvjx Zv wZwb Qv`i evievi
ejZb Ges mwU bv Kivi Rb ZvwM` w`Zb| Kv_vI GZUyKy ywU cjB wZwb eKvSKv
KiZb| dj Zviv fq fq _vKZv| cviZc Zvi avi KvQ AvmZ bv|

iPvjx

21

GKw`b MYk bvgi GKRb Qv miKvwi ikbi `vKvb Gm `Ljv GK j^v jvBb `uvwoq
AvQb mxZvbv_evey| m `Ljv h GK cKUgvi mvii cKU gi wbPQ| MYk wPrKvi Ki
mvayfvlvq ej IV mvi mvi ! eM nvb Kj ! eM nvb Kj| fvlv bv-nIqvq cwZ
gkvB KvbvwKQy eySZ cvibwb| hLb wZwb ikbi `vKvb wej cwikva KiZ Mjb ZLb
`Ljb h Zvi cKU gvi wMqQ| ZLb MYk Gm ejjv, mvi ZLb Avwg AvcbvK ejwQ
h eM nvb Kj| mvi ejjb Avi Mvav, ZyB mvRvmywR ejj Kx Avi Avgvi cKU gvi
hvq|

kv_ I UxKv
iyPvjx mvayfvlvi m K_fvlvi eenvii~c `vl; msZ ki m `kR ki wgkYi
AmwZ| `ydbwbf `yai dbvi gZv mv`v I Kvgj| Avqm Avivg; wejvm; myLfvM|
Dcekb Avmb MnY; emv| cwiMn weklfve MnY; aviY| mgvmxbDcwe; Avi~p|
gyjZweGKwU wbw` mgq ch wMZ; Ab mgqi Rb iL `Iqv| Kj Kvj;
AvMvgxKvj| Puvovj cyivYv wn`yRvwZ wekl; Pvj| eM evKzj; e; AvKzj|

Abykxjbx
ewbevPwb ck
1.

iyPvjx KvK ej ?
K. PwjZ I AvwjKZvi wgkYK L. mvay I AvwjKZvi wgkYK
M. mvay I K_ ixwZi wgkYK

2.

N. cvPxb I AvaywbKZvi wgkYK

iyPvjx M wKQ~ k eenvi Kiv nqQ

i. `ydbwbf, Avqm, Dcekb
ii. cwiMn, mgvmxb, gyjZwe
iii. Avqvmmva, cwiMn, Dcekb

22
3.

Avb` cvV
Kvb PQ M eeZ k bq ?
K. i.

L. i I ii

M. iii

N. ii I iii

wbPi AbyPQ`wU co Ges 3 I 4 bi ckjvi Di `vI|

mvi, ZLb Avwg Kx ejwQjvg ? Avwg AZ Ki ejjvg, Zv Avcwb KvbB w`jb bv, Av`
KYcvZB Kib bv ! MYk AbKUv GwMq GmQ ZZY| `vKvbi gyL cuQ gvvii
myL coQ| Kx ejwQj Zywg ? Zywg Zv Avgvq Kvj eM nZ ejwQj? Avi Gw`K Avgvi
AvR mebvk nq Mj|
3.

4.

5.

DxcKwU Zvgvi cwVZ Kvb M _K bqv nqQ?

K. iyPvjx

L. jvjy

M. ZvZvKvwnbx

N. Av`yfvB

DxcKwUZ MYki Kx aibi cwiPq dzU DVQ ?

K. wbziZv

L. D`vmxbZv

M. g~LZv

N. iwmKZv

mvii mebvki KviYi. Zvi AmPZbZv

ii. fvlv eySZ bv cviv
iii. MYki g~LZv

wbPi KvbwU mwVK

K. i

L. ii

M. i I ii

N. iii

iPvjx

23

mRbkxj ck
1. AbyQ`wU co Ges wbPi ckjvi Di `vI
`ydbwbfi m Avqm ? mxZvbv_eveyi gyLLvbv DQi cvqm Lj hgb nq Zgwb aviv
nq DV In evcy ! iyPvjx KvK ej Zv Kx Zvgv`i gMR XzKQ ? gb Ki h, h
PuvovjUv Avgv`i G zj SuvU `q m hw` nWgvvi gkvqi m GKvmb em, Zvnj mUv
`LZ Kgb jvM ? Zgwb mUv hgb `wKUy `Lve, KZjv mvay-ki ga GKUv Amvay
k XzKj wVK mBiKg Lvivc `Lvq, ZvB bv ?
K. `ydbwbf ki A_ Kx ?
L. mvay I K_ixwZ wgwkq djj Kx aibi mgmv nq ?
M. GKwU iPbvK my`i I AvKlYxq Kivi Rb Kx Kiv cqvRb DxcKi AvjvK
Dcvcb Ki |
N. iyPvjx Mi AvjvK fvlv cqvMi Kkj weklY Ki|

eyjy
AwRZ Kzgvi n

mw`bi K_v Avgvi GLbv Lye gb co| 1952 mvji deyqvwi gvmi NUbv| XvKv K`xq
KvivMvi wZbw`b _vKvi ciB Avgv`i KqKRbK e`wj Kiv njv w`bvRcyi KvivMvi| Zvgiv
mevB Rvbv wKbv ejZ cvwib, miKvwi KgPvixi gZv miKvwi Kqw`iI e`wj AvQ| XvKv
K`xq KvivMvi Avgv`i AevbUv KZci Kvbv ARvbv KviY gbtc~Z bq, ZvB Avgv`i
hZ ne my`~i Die w`bvRcyi|
ivZ bUvi mgq MvwoZ PcwQ| dzjQwo NvU wMq hLb bgwQ, ZLb fvi nq nq| Lqv
cvivcvii wgvi hLb DVwQ, ZLb Pviw`K AKvi Ac `Lv hvQ| AbK `~i `~i
bKvjvi fZi _K Kivwmbi evwZ RjQ| ay hgybvi Kvjv Rji Dci fvii c_g
Avfv Gm coQ Avi wSKwgK Ki DVQ| Qjvr Qjvr Rji k kvbv hvq| fvi nZB wKyy
cU cwieZb nq Mjv| AbKjv cwiwPZ K^i bB ZvwKq `wL, XvKv wekwe`vjqi
GK`j Qv GB wgviB AvQ| wekwe`vjq Awbw`Kvji Rb e nq hvIqvq Iiv evwo
wdi hvQ| hw`I Avgv`i m Mvq`v wefvMi jvK I cywjki jvK wQj, ZeyI Avgiv

eyjy

25

LvjvLywjB Qv`i mv_ Avjvc Kijvg, Avi GKm em Pv-I Ljvg| Zvici Lqv cvi nq
Avevi ijMvwoZ Pc w`bvRcyi kb Gm bgwQ|
gbUv Lye `g Mj| Kv_vq Avgvi wPicwiwPZ XvKv Avi Kv_vq Diei GB cvZmxgvi
w`bvRcyi| Mvwo _K bvgZB Ui cjvg h, wngvjqi KvQvKvwQ GmwQ| dvyb gvm| ejv
cvq GMvivUv, Zey ek kxZ| GKUv Puv`i Mvq Rwoq wbjvg| WcywU-Rji AwdmB wQjb|
Mxi ^i Avgv`i emZ ejjb| BZvga Avgv`i Avmvi Lei cq Rji mvne QyU
Gjb| GK b^i IqvW Avgv`i wbq Mjb| cwiQb GKwU evsjv Ni| mvgb GK dvwj
DVvb| gvSLvb GKwU evZvwe jeyi MvQ, dzj dzj GKevi Qq AvQ; ARm ggvwQ Gm
RgQ Avi dvybi Gjvgjv evZvm Pvwiw`K GKUv wgw M fm eovQ| bZ
cjvg, Kwe KvRx bRiyj Bmjvg bvwK ew` wnme GB Rj ek wKQyw`b wQjb| H evZvwe
jey MvQi wbP Pqvi-Uwej wbq em bvwK Kwe wjLZb| fveZ cvi, GB LeiUv cq
Kgb jvMjv Avgvi?
gbUv Zey LyeB welY wQj| mc~Y GKUv AwbwZ fwelZi Avkv gbi ga fvwi nq
AvQ| Avgiv wZbRb AavcK I vbxq GKRb DwKj gvU PviRb _vwK GB evsjvq, Avi _vK
Avgv`i KvR Kivi Rb mvaviY Kqw`, hv`i RjLvbvi bvg nQ dvjZz|
weKj ejv Rji Wvvi mvne Gjb| f`jvKK `LB Avgvi fvjv jvMjv| j^v,
MieY, ckZ jjvU- mgZ Pnvivq GKUv ckv bgZv| Avjvc Ki Lye Lywk njvg|
Avgv`i ejjb, AvgvK mvi, QvB gb Kieb, hLb hv `iKvi wbtmvP ejeb, Avwg
Avcbv`i cwiPhvi RbB iqwQ| ciw`b mKvj Avmvi cwZkywZ w`q Wvvi we`vq njb|
Wvvii GB GKv AvcbRbi gZv eenvi gbUv AbKLvwb nvjKv nq wMqwQj|
ciw`b Wvvi Gjb| m eQi cuvPK eqmi GKwU my`i dzUdzU Qj| `LB Avgvi Lye
fvjv jvMjv| Wvvi ejjb, Avgvi Qj Avcbv`i `LZ GmQ| Avwg ejjvg, Lye fvjv
K_v| Ggb GKRb gnvgvb AwZw_ cq AvgivI ab nqwQ| ej Kvj Zzj wbZB I webv
wavq Avgvi Kvj Gjv| Av`i Ki IK wRm Kijvg, Zvgvi bvg Kx ej Zv ? Di
ejZ jvMjv, Avgvi bvg eyjy, Avgvi evevi bvg kvn`, Avgvi gvqi bvg kvgxg, Avgvi bvbvi
bvg... nVvr Wvvii PvL PvL coZB I _g Mj| Avwg ej DVjvg, nqQ, Lye nqQ|
GKevi GZ bvg wK Avwg gb ivLZ cvwi ? Uwej _K wezU Gb IK w`jvg| eyjy ek
mnRfveB LZ jvMj| Zvici Uweji Dci Avgvi eBjv `L Avgvq ejj, Zzwg co ?
ejB Dii Acv bv Ki ejZ jvMj, AvwgI cwo- wUq gvi weq jvj MvgQv w`q...

26

Avb` cvV

BZvw` BZvw`| Kvi mva _vgvq IK| Avwg ejjvg, Avwg Zvgvi gZv cvwib| A A cvwi|
b I Lye nvmj| Avgvi gyLi w`K ZvwKq ejj, GZ eo-coZ cvi bv? Zvici m wK
nvwm| Aekl Wvvi IK _vgvj|
mw`b eyjy Pj Mj| wKy ciw`b Avevi wVK mgq gZv Gm nvwRi ! Wvvi ejjb, wKQyZB
IK evwo ivLv Mj bv| I AvmeB| nvZ GKwU Qovi eB, HwU AvgvK co kvbve ej wbq
GmQ| AMZv AvgvK Ime bZ njv| Wvvi msKzwPZ nq ejjb, AvcbvK I cwZw`b
Lye wei Ki| Avcbvi ahi cksmv KiZ nq| Avwg ejjvg, Ggb wei Kivi jvK GB
wewQbZvi xc Kv_vq cve Avwg| eyjy bv Gj Avgvi Lye Lvivc jvMe|
WvviI Avgvi Abyiva ivRB eyjyK wbq AvmZb| eyjyK wbq mgq Avgvi ek fvjvB
KvUZ| I Pj MjB Kgb Lvwj Lvwj jvMZ|
e`wji Rb `iLvZ KiwQjvg| nVvr GKw`b Lei cjvg, Avgvi Ave`b gyi nqQ| Avevi
Avwg XvKv Rj wdi hZ cvie| Lei cq LyeB Lywk nqwQ| Avevi eyjyi K_v fveZB gbUv
Lvivc nq Mj ! IK Qo _vKZ ne G K_vUv hb Avi fveZB cvwib| Zey Avevi XvKv
Pj AvmZ njv|
Avmevi w`b mKvj ejvqB Wvvii mv_ eyjI
y Gjv| Av`i Ki IK Kvj Zzj wbjvg|
Zvici axi axi IK ejjvg, eyjy, Avwg XvKv hvev| Zywg Avgvi KvQ Kx PvI?
I c_g ejjv, AvwgI XvKv hvev| Zvici Kx fe nVvr Avgvi Kvbi KvQ Gm wdm wdm
Ki ejjv, ivfvlv evsjv PvB, byiyj Avgxbi Kjv PvB| Avwg Zv AevK! G Kx K_v GZUzKz
wki gyL| Wvvii w`K ZvwKq ejjvg, Wvvi mvne, Gevi Avcbvi miKvwi PvKzwi ivLv
KwVb ne| Qji gyL G me Kx bwQ|
Wvvi Amnvqi gZv ejjb, Kx Kie mvi, RjLvbvi mvgbB evmv| ivZw`b wgwQji gyL H
K_vB b b gyL Ki iLQ| Avwg VKve Kx Ki?
Gici w`bvRcyi _K XvKv K`xq KvivMvi Avevi wdi GmwQ| c_g Kw`b eyjyi Rb Lye gb
Kgb KiZv Zvici Avevi fyj wMqwQjvg|
GZw`bi wewP cwieZb Gme Kvwnbx fyjB wMqwQjvg... Avi G Kvwnbx ejevi K_vI gb
nZv bv, hw` bv mw`b Avi GK Kv NUZv| mw`bi ci mZiv eQi Pj MQ| GK
mvwnZ mfv _K evmvq wdiwQ| evmvi mvgb wiKkv _K bvgvi ciB nVvr GK f`jvK

eyjy

27

Avgvi nvZ Pc aijb: Avgvq wPbZ cvib mvi? Avwg wKy AvcbvK wPbZ ciwQ|
Avgvi bvg kvn`| Avwg Wvvi| Avcwb hLb w`bvRcyi Rj, ZLb Avwg wQjvg mLvb Wvvi|
ZvwKq _vKjvg| wKZy f`jvKi Pnvivi m mB mZiv eQi AvMKvi Wvvi mvnei
Pnvivi Kvbv wgjB hb cvBb| nVvr f`jvK AvgvK Rwoq ai Ku` DVjb, Avcbvi
eyjyK gb AvQ mvi, eyjy ? I Gevi Bwwbqvwis cvm Ki ewiqwQj| PvKzwiI cqwQj|
wKy nVvr mw`b gkvj nvZ ewiq Mj| Avi wdi Gjv bv|
Wvvi AvgvK Rwoq ai Ku` DVjb| Avwg Z iyevK nq `uvwoq iBjg| ew`bi
wewZi AKvi h QwewU Avgvi gbi ga dzU DVwQj, Zv evBk eQii hyeKi bq, cuvP
eQii GKwU Qv wki| Avi gb njv: Kvbi KvQ hb wdm wdm Ki m ejQ ivfvlv
evsjv PvB|
Wvvii gyLi w`K ZvwKq iBjg| Kvb K_vB ejZ cvijvg bv ZuvK|

jLK-cwiwPwZ
AwRZ Kzgvi n RbMnY Kib 15B Gwcj 1914 mvj Kzwgjvi mycvwievMvb| wZwb XvKvi
RMbv_ KjR Ges XvKv wekwe`vjq wkKZv KiQb| 1952-i fvlv Av`vjb mwq
AskMnYi `vq KvivfvM Kib| G`ki Amvc`vwqK I agwbic mswZ PPvq Zuvi
Ae`vb I mvdj Acwimxg| wZwb iex` mvwnZi wekyZKxwZ AavcK I myev wQjb| g~jevb
f~wgKvmn Zuvi mcvw`Z Mi ga DjLhvM gN`~Z, KKvZi DBj, MxZvwj
cfwZ|
AwRZ Kzgvi n 1969 mvji 12B bf^i Kzwgjvq gZzeiY Kib|

mvi msc
AvjvP Mi AavcK Mi iyZB 1952 mvji fvlv Av`vjbi K_v ejQb| wZwb fvlv
Av`vjb AskMnY Kivi KviY Mvi nb Ges wZb w`b XvKv K`xq KvivMvi ew` _vKb|
mLvb _K ZuvK e`wj Kiv nq w`bvRcyi KvivMvi| ew``iK MvwoZ IVvbv nq| fviejv
Mvwo Gm _vg dzjQwo NvU| ZLb hgybv b`xi Kvjv Rji Dci fvii c_g Avjv Gm
coQ| jLK Lqv cvi nq ijMvwoZ Pc emjb| XvKv I w`bvRcyii cv_K wPv Ki
Zvi gbUv `g Mjv| w`bvRcyi Diei kl mxgvq wngvjqi KvQvKvwQ AewZ| dvyb
gvm| ejv GMvivUvqI kxZ| Puv`i Mvq Rwoq wbZ njv|

28

Avb` cvV

Gici jLKK wbq hvIqv njv w`bvRcyi Rj| mLvb GK b^i IqvWi cwiQb evsjv Ni
Zuv`i _vKevi e`veZ njv| Nii mvgb GK dvwj DVvb| gvSLvb evZvwe jeyi MvQ| GB
KvivMvi GKmgq ew` wQjb Kwe KvRx bRiyj Bmjvg Ges wZwb H evZvwe jey MvQi wbP
em KweZv wjLZb|
jLK AavcK GKRb DwKjmn PviRb ew` _vKb GLvb| cwiPqi cii w`b weKj Rji
Wvvi Gjb dzUdzU my`i cuvP eQii QjK m wbq| Wvvii Qji bvg eyjy| m
AbMj K_v ej| Zvi K_v b ew` jLKi Lye fvjv jvM| Zuvi mv_ eyjyi mcK LyeB Mfxi
nq hvq|
GKw`b jLKK XvKvq e`wj Kiv njv| hw`b Pj Avmeb mw`b eyjy Gm Zuvi Kvbi KvQ
wdm wdm Ki ejjv iv fvlv evsjv PvB, byiyj Avwgbi Kjv PvB|
GB NUbvi mZiv eQi ci GKw`b K_Ki evmvi mvgb w`bvRcyi Rji Wvvi kvn`i
mv_ `Lv| kvn`K wZwb c_g wPbZ cvibwb| ci cwiPq w`q Wvvi kvn` jLKK
Rwoq ai Kuv`Z Kuv`Z ejjb, eyjy Gevi Bwwbqvwis cvm Ki ewiqwQj| Zvici GKw`b
nVvr gkvj nvZ wgwQj Mj, Avi wdi Gjv bv|
AavcK Z I iyevK nq Mjb Ges wZwb wZZ LyuR cjb cuvP eQii wk eyjyK| G
M 1952 mvji fvlv Av`vjbi wk eyjy, 1969 mvji MYAfyvbi wgwQj kwn` hyeK
eyjyZ i~cvwiZ nqQ|

kv_ I UxKv
Kqw` KvivMvi ew`| KZc wbqYKvix| Lqv cvivcvi b`xi Gcvi _K Icvi
bKvq hvIqv| Mvq`v wefvM Pi wefvM, inm mvbx wefvM| cvmxgv kl gv_vq|
wngvjq Di w`Ki wekvj cvnvo| WcywU Rji Dc-Kviv cavb| GK dvwj DVvb Qv
GKUy DVvb| MieY dmv Mvqi iO, kZv| ckZ jjvU PIov Kcvj| ckv bgZv
AwZkq kv, webqx| wbtmvP wavnxb, msvPnxb|
cwiPhv mev, k~lv| cwZkywZ cwZv| AMZv AbMwZ bB ej| msKzwPZ AckZ, Kg
MQ Ggb| wewQbZvi xc c_K xc, mcK k~b vb| gyi MnY| ivfvlv evsjv PvB

eyjy

29

1952 mvj evsjvK ivfvlv ghv`v c`vbi `vweZ Qv`i Av`vjb eeZ Rbwcq kvMvb|
Kjv gv_v| iyevK K_v e nq hvIqv| evev nIqv| wewZi AKvi wZ _K nvwiq
hvIqv|

Abykxjbx
ewbevPwb ck
1.

2.

eyjy g~jZ Kvb aibi mvwnZ Kg ?

K. AvZKvwnbx

L. QvUM

M. mvgvwRK Kvwnbx

N. HwZnvwmK M

eyjy M jLK evsjv`ki Kvb HwZnvwmK NUbvi cwZ BwZ KiQb?

i. 1952 mbi fvlv Av`vjb
ii. 1969 mbi MYAfyvb
iii. 1971 mbi ^vaxbZv hy

wbPi KvbwU mwVK ?

K. i

L. i I ii

M. iii

N. i I iii

wbPi AskUzKz cov Ges 3-5 bs cki Di `vI|

Gici mZi eQi KU MQ| nVvr mB Wvvii m jLKi `Lv| jLKK Rwoq ai
Wvvi Ku` DVjb- Avcbvi eyjyK gb co mvi ? m Gevi Bwwbqvwis cvk Ki PvKwi
wbqwQj| nVvr m GK gkvj wgwQj wMq Avi wdi Avmwb|
3.

Wvvii m jLKi c_g cwiPq NUwQjK. XvKv RjLvbvq

L. Kvbv GK mfvq

M. Kvbv GK nvmcvZvj

N. w`bvRcyi KvivMvi

30

4.

5.

Avb` cvV

c_g NUbvi mZi eQi ci evsjv`k Kvb HwZnvwmK NUbv NU ?

K. 1966 Gi Qq`dv Av`vjb

L. 1969-Gi MYAf~vb

M. 1970 Gi wbevPb

N. 1971 Gi gywhy

eyjyi gkvj wgwQj AskMnY Gi ga w`q cKvk cqQ eyjyi

msMvgx PZbv

i.

ii. wecex Abyf~wZ

iii. AvZmPZbZv
wbPi KvbwU mwVK?
K. i

L. i I ii

M. iii

N. i I iii

mRbkxj ck
wbPi AskUzKz co Gi mswk ckjvi Di `vI|
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Ki|
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gvbyli gb
ebdzj

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bv| AvKwZ I cKwZ Dfq w`K w`qvB Bnv`i wgji Acv AwgjB ewk| biki Pnvivi
gvUvgywU eYbvUv GBic : kvgeY, `xN `n, LvuPvLuvPv wPiywb-mcK weiwnZ Pyj, MvjvKvi gyL
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mvM KPy bvmv|
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Kx| Kcvj P`b|
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KwiqvQb|

gvbyli gb

32

hLb biki KgevB nv PvKi, biki Rb dvDj KvUjU evbvBZ e Ges bik
w_Iwi Ad wijwUwfwU jBqv Db, ZLb mB GKB evwoZ cik ^cvK wbivwgl Avnvi Kwiqv
hvMevwk ivgvqY gM| Bnv cvqB `Lv hvBZ|
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bvB| Zvnvi myc KviY evanq GB h, A_i w`K w`qv Kn KvnviI gyLvcx bb|
DfqB Gg. G. cvm bik KwgwZ Ges cik msZ| DfqB KjRi cdmvwi
Kwiqv gvUv eZb cvb| gwievi ce wcZv `yBRbKB mgvbfve bM` UvKvI w`qv wMqvwQjb|
h evwoZ Bunviv evm KwiZQb BnvI cZK mcw| evwowU ek eo| GZ eo h BnvZ
`yB-wZbwU cwievi cy-cvw` jBqv ek ^PQ` evm KwiZ cvi| wKy bik Ges
ciki gb cw_exi AwbZZv mg Ggb GKUv Dcjw Avwmj h, KnB Avi weevn Kwijb
bv| cik fvwejb Kv Ze Kvv BnvB mZ| wijwUwfwUi Qv bik fvweZ jvwMjb wbgjv mwZB wK gwiqvQ ? Avwg `wLZ cvBZwQ bv GB gv !
myZivs bik Ges cik mnv`i nIqv mI wfb cKwZi Ges wfb cKwZi nIqv mI GKB
evwoZ kvwZ evm Kib|
GK welq wKy Dfqi wgjI wQj|
cyK Dfq fvjvevwmZb| cy Zcki cy| bik Ges ciki QvUfvB Zck|
Gjvnvev` PvKzwi KwiZ| nVvr GKw`b Kjiv nBqv Zck Ges Zcki x gbvigv gviv Mj|
UwjMvg AvnZ bik Ges cik wMqv Zvnv`i kl K_vwj gv wbevi Aemi cvBjb| Zvnvi
gg GB : Avgiv Pjjvg| cyK Zvgiv `Lv| cyK jBqv bik Ges cik KwjKvZv wdwiqv
Avwmjb| Zcki Ask cZK wKQy UvKv wQj| bik Zvnvi Aavsk ciki mvlv_
ivgK wgkb w`evi cve KwievgvB cik ewjjbevwK AaKUv Zvnj wevbi
DbwZK LiP nvK ! ZvnvB nBj| cyi fwelr mg Zuvnviv fvwejb h, Zuvnviv wbRiv
hLb KnB msmvix bnb ZLb cyi Avi fvebv Kx!
cy bik Ges cik DfqiB bqbi gwYic evwoqv DwVZ jvwMj| bik wK^v cik KnB
wbRi gZev` cyi Dci djvBZ hvBZb bv| cyi hLb hvnv AwfiywP m ZvnvB KwiZ|

33

Avb` cvV

biki m Avnvi KwiZ KwiZ hLb Zvnvi gyiwM m^ gvn KvwUqv AvwmZ ZLb m
ciki nwelvbi w`K wKQyw`b SzuwKZ| KqKw`b nwelvb fvRbi ci Avevi AvwgljvjycZv RvwMj biki fvRbkvjvq wdwiqv hvBZI Zvnvi evwaZ bv|bik Ges cik
DfqB ZvnvK Kvbv wbw` euvab euvwaZ PvwnZb bv hw`I `yBRbB gb-gb Avkv
KwiZb h eo nBqv cy Zuvnvi Av`kB eiY Kwie|
cyi eqm lvjv ermi| GBevi gvwUK w`e| my`i ^v, aeae dimv Mvqi iO, AvqZ
Pz| bik Ges cik `yBRbB mevtKiY cyK fvjvevwmZb| G-welq Dfqi
wKQygv Awgj wQj bv|
GB cy GKw`b AmyL cwoj|
bik Ges cik wPwZ nBjb| bik evwbK gvbyl; wZwb ^fveZB GKRb Avjvcvw_K
Wvvi jBqv Avwmjb| cik c_gUvq wKQy Avcw Kib bvB, wKy hLb Dchycwi mvZw`b
KvwUqv Mj Ri Qvwoj bv, ZLb wZwb Avi wi _vwKZ cvwijb bv| bikK ewjjb GKRb
fvjv KweivR WK `Lvj Kgb nZv?
ek `LvI
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jvwMj| Awi cik ZLb bikK ewjjb, AvPQv GKRb RvwZlxK WK Ii KzwUv
`Lvj Kgb nq? Kx ejv ?
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wZwb iy nBqvQb| Kx Kwij wZwb kv nBeb, Zvnvi GKUv d` w`jb| cik cevj
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AmyL wKy Divi evwoqv PwjqvQ| bik GKw`b ewjjbKweivwR Ilya Zv wekl DcKvi nPQ bv, WvviKB Avevi WvKe bvwK ?

gvbyli gb

34

ZvB WvKv bvnq

bik Wvvi WvwKZ Mjb| cik cyi gv_vi wkqi ewmqv gv_vq RjcwU w`Z jvwMjb| cy
cjvc ewKZQ gv AvgvK wbq hvI| evev Kv_vq !
AvZ ciki eyKUv Kvuwcqv DwVj| nVvr gb nBj, wbqvwQj ZviKki wMqv aibv w`j
`e Jla cvIqv hvq| wVK !
bik wdwiqv AvwmZB cik ewjjbAvwg GKevi ZviKki Pjjvg, wdiZ `y-GKw`b `wi
ne|
nVvr ZviKki Kb ?
evevi KvQ aibv `e|
bik wKQy ewjjb bv, emg cik evwni nBqv Mjb|
Wvvi cixv Kwiqv ewjjbeo Lvivc Uvb wbqQ|
Wvvwi wPwKrmv PwjZ jvwMj|
w`b-`yB ci cik wdwijb| n GKwU fuvo| DjwmZ nBqv wZwb ewjjb : evevi ^cv`k
cjvg|
wZwb ejjb h, ivMxK hb BbRKkb `Iqv bv nq| Avi ejjb, GB PiYvgZ ivR GKevi
Ki LvBq w`Z, Zvnj mi hve|
Wvvievey Avcw Kwijb| bikI Avcw Kwijb| UvBdqW ivMxK dzjejcvZv cPv Rj
wKQyZB LvIqvbv PwjZ cvi bv|
nZeyw cik fvn Pyc Kwiqv `uvovBqv iwnjb|
Avmj wKy evcvi `uvovBj Abic| ciki AMvPi cyK Wvvievey h_vwewa BbRKkb
w`Z jvwMjb Ges Bunv`i AMvPi cik jyKvBqv cyK cZn GKUy PiYvgZ cvb KivBZ
jvwMjb|

35

Avb` cvV

KqKw`b Pwjj| ivMi wKy Dckg bvB|

Mfxi ivw| nVvr bik cvki Ni wMqv cikK RvMvBjb! WvvieveyK GKevi Lei `Iqv
`iKvi, cy Kgb hb KiQ|
Auv, ejv Kx !
cyi ZLb kvm DwVqvQ|
Dbv`i gZv cik QywUqv wbP bvwgqv Mjb WvviK dvb KwiZ| Zvnvi Mjvi ^i kvbv
hvBZ jvwMj
nvjvbQb Wvvievey, nvjvnuv, nuv, Avgvi Avi BbRKkb w`Z Avcw bB eySjb
nvjveySjb Avcw bB Avcwb BbRKkb wbq wkMwMi Avmyb- Avgvi Avcw bB,
eySjb
Gw`K bik cvMji gZv PiYvgZi fuvoUv cvwoqv PvgyP Kwiqv LvwbKUv PiYvgZ jBqv
cyK mvamvabv KwiZQb cy LvI LvI Zv evev GKevi Lq bvI GKUy
Zuvnvi nvZ _i_i Kwiqv KuvwcZQ, PiYvgZ Kk evwnqv cwoqv Mj|

jLK-cwiwPwZ
1899 mvji 19k RyjvB ebdzj wenvii cwYgv Rjvi gwbnvwi bvgK vb RbMnY Kib Ges
1997 mvji 9B deyqvwi gviv hvb| Zuvi cKZ
bvg ejvBPuv` gyLvcvavq| wZwb 1918 mvj
gvwUK cvk Kib Ges mU Kjgvm KjR _K AvB.Gm.wm. cvm Ki Wvvwi coZ Avmb
KjKvZvq| 1927 mvj Wvvwi cvk Ki fvMjcyi cv_jwR wnme 40 eQi KvR Kib|
QvRxeb _K wZwb jLvjwLi m hy nb| welq I AvqZb z` QvUMi Rb wZwb
LvwZjvf Kib| QvUM, Dcbvm, bvUK, KweZv BZvKvi me aibi iPbvZB wZwb mvdji
cwiPq `b| Zuvi DjLhvM iPbv: vei, Rg, ggy, nvUevRvi, wKQyY,
we`ywemM, i_, fxgcjkx, kxgaym`b I we`vmvMi| cvwLi cw_ex wbq Zuvi weLvZ
iPbv Wvbv| mvwnZ KwZZi Rb wZwb iex`-cyivi, RMvwiYx c`K Ges fvMjcyi I
hv`ecyi wekwe`vjq _K wW.wjU. Dcvwa jvf Kib|

gvbyli gb

36

mvi-msc
bik I cik mnv`i| wKy mgvb wKsev GKB eva-eywi gvbyl bq| bik Muvov evwbK
Avi cik ee| bik Lvq KvUjU, cik wbivwglfvRx| biki AvMn wijwUwfwU w_Iwii
cwZ, ciki AvMn hvM I ivgvqYi cwZ| wKy G wfbZv mI `yRbi ga SMov-weev`
nq bv ejjB Pj| eis hvi hvi gZv wbR^ wekvm Abyhvqx KvR Pvwjq hvq| Kwgw Ges
msZ Gg. G. cvm G hyeKiv KDB weq Kibwb| cik fve Kv Ze Kvv Zvgvi
Avcb K? Avi biki wbgjv MZvqy| wKy QvUfvB Zck I Zvi x gbvigv Kjivq gviv
Mj Zv`i mvb cyK Giv wbq Avm| cy G`i `yRbiB bqbi gwY| DfqB cyK
Lye fvjvevm|
cy Ri Avv nj bik wbq Avm Avjvcvw_K Wvvi, cik wbq Avm KweivR| Ri
AviI evoj ci Kzw `Lvi Rb wbq Avm RvwZlxK| Wvvi ejb UvBdqW, Avi
RvwZlx ejb gj gviKk iy nqQ| myZivs GKw`K Pjj Avjvcvw_K wPwKrmv,
Abw`K PiYvgZ cvb| wecixZagx G wPwKrmvq cyi Aev hLb LyeB Lvivc ZLb bik Avi
ciki Aevb hvq cv, gbi MwZwewa hvq Nyi| cik ZLb ej Wvvi WvKvi K_v,
BbRKkb `Iqvi K_v; Avi bik cyK PiYvgZ LvIqvi Pvq cvYv Pv Ki|

kv_ I UxKv
bDj ewR| mvM hvi AMfvM Lye avivjv| KPy bvmv wUqvcvwLi VuvUi gZv bvK|
LevKwZ hvi AvKvi LvU| Kk`vg Pyji yQ| Zbq Lye gbvhvMx| Kx Mjvq civi
Ajvi| P`b myMw KvV wekl| Muvov A wekvmx I GKMuyq| vbgvM mvabvi c_
GKgv vb| fwgvM mvabvi c_ GKgv fw| KgevB nv wecixZagx GKvwaK KvR
KiZ cviv| w_Iwi Ad wijwUwfwU AvcwKZvi Z| MvwjwjI G Zi BwZ w`jI wesk
kZKi Mvovi w`K Rvgvb wevwb AvBbvBb G ZK cYZv `vb Kib| G Zi gvag
ey, fi, kw I MwZi mcK AvweZ nqQ| Db DwRZ, w, cvMj, Dbv`|
gyLvcx Abi mvnvhwbfi| ^PQ` Aejxjvq, mnRfve| Dcjw Abyfe| AwbZZv
wPiKvj wUK _vK bv Ggb| Kv Ze Kvv KD Avcb bq| mvlv_ my Kivi Rb|
gZev` Kvbv wekl Av`k, wPv, gjeva| AwfiywP BPQv, Awfcvq| nwelvb
wn`ymc`vqi cRv-cveY Avnvh, AvwglewRZ wNgvLv AvZc Pvj| mevtKiY gbcvY|

37

Avb` cvV

RvwZlx- RvwZlkvwe`, whwb fvMiLv MYbv Kib, Mn-bvw`i Aevb wbYq Ki whwb
gvbyli fvf wePvi-weklY Kib| Kzw RbcwKv| UvBdqW GKaibi Ri| gj
gviKk `eZv wekl| ZviKki Mwj Rjvi GKwU _vbv| cwgei weLvZ wkeZx_|
KwjKvZv _K 58 wKjvwgUvi `i AewZ| GLvbB ZviKvbv_i gw`i AewZ| PiYvgZ
wn`ymgvR cPwjZ iy`ei cv-avqv Rj| cv`v`K Kvbv `egwZ ev mvwbZ ewi cvavqv Rj|

Abykxjbx
ewbevPwb ck
1.

2.

gvbyli gb M cz K ?
K. biki fvB

L.

ciki cy

M. Zcki cy

N.

Zcki fvB

Kx KviY bik I ciki gbi MwZwewa Nyi hvq ?

i. Wvvii wPwKrmvq czi Aev Lvivc nIqvq
ii. PiYvgZ cvb Ki czi Aev Lvivc nIqvq
iii. wecixZagx wPwKrmvq czi Aev Lvivc nIqvq

wbPi KvbwU mwVK?

3.

K. i

L. ii

M. i I ii

N. iii

bik I cik GB `yB mnv`ii evcvi wbPi Kvb Z_wU wVK ?

K. `yRbB wbivwglfvRx
L. `yRbB evwbK `wfwmb
M. `yRbB czK fxlY fvjvevm
N. `yRbiB AvMn AvQ ivgvqYi cwZ

gvbyli gb

38

wbPi AbyPQ`wU co Ges 4 I 5 bgi cki Di `vI

bik Ges cik DfqB ZvnvK Kvbv wbw` evuab evuwaZ PvwnZb bv| hw`I `yBRbB
gb gb Avkv KwiZb h eo nBqv cz Zvnvi Av`kB eiY Kwie|
4.

5.

Zvnvi Av`kB eiY Kwie G Ask Zvnvi ejZ evSvbv nqQ :

K. czK

L. bikK

M. cikK

N. bik I cikK

DZvski jLK
K. UKPuv` VvKzi

L. ejvBPvu` gyLvcvavq

M. Ab`vksKi ivq

N. kirP` Pvcvavq

mRbkxj ck
wbPi AbyPQ`wU co Ges ckjvi Di `vI
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KwiqvQb|
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hvMevwk ivgvqY gM| Bnv cvqB `Lv hvBZ| Ze DfqB czK mgfve Av`i mn KwiZ|
K. GKRb Muvov evwbK - Muvov evwbKi bvg Kx ?
L. DZ Ask Aej^b bik I ciki Rxebhvcbi eYbv `vI|
M. bik I ciki Rxebv`ki KvbwU Zvgvi KvQ cQ`bxq? hywmn Dcvcb Ki|
N. cyi cwZ bik I ciki `yejZvi KviY weklY Ki|

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Aveyj gbmyi Avng`

GK
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Av`yfvBqi mncvVx wQjb Ges mevB bvwK Kvm - mfbB Av`yfvBqi m coQb|

Av`yfvB

40

Avwg hLb Kvm mfb Av`yfvBqi mncvVx njvg ZZw`b Av`yfvB H kwYi cyivZb Uwej
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wK^v b^i evwoq `evi Rb wZwb KLbv Kvbv wkK ev cixKK Abyiva Kibwb| hw`
KLbv Kvbv ez ejQ: hvb bv Av`yfvB, h Kq mveR kU AvQ, wkK`i ej Kq
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IVvB fvjv|
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bv| m-fw`b h GKw`b AvmeB m-welq Av`yfvBqi GZUzKz m`n KD KLbv `Lwb|
KZ Lvivc Qv ckc Pzwi Ki Acii LvZv bKj Ki Av`yfvBqi Nvoi Dci w`q cgvkb
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vbjvfi RbB Avgiv zj cwo, cgvkb jvfi Rb cwo bv|
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Kvj nvK, cgvkb AvgvK w`ZB ne| Ze nuv, DbwZ Av - Av nIqvB fvjv| h MvQ
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Qv|
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Kvbvw`b nvivZ ciQ ej kvbv hvqwb|

41

Avb` cvV

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ivv wZwb nuU AvmZb eU; wKy So-Zzdvb, AmyL - wemyL wKQyB Zuvi G KvRi Amywea
mw Ki DVZ cviwb| Pi KvjevkLx ev kveYi SoSvq hw`b ccxI Ni _K
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wKy Zgb w`bI AKvi KvY _K Av`ve, mvi ej h-GKwU Qv wkK`i PgwKq
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wK^v wgQ K_v ejZ `Lwb|
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wbiyrmvnI nZb bv| ei ZvK wZwb cksmvmPK nvwmB gb KiZb| Zuvi Drmvn wY eo
hZv|
Abme evcvi Av`yfvBK eywgvb ejB gb nZv| wKy GB GKwU evcvi Zuvi wbeywZv
`L Avwg `ytwLZ nZvg| Zuvi wbeywZv wbq Qv-wkK mevB Zvgvkv KiQb, A_P wZwb Zv
eySZ cviQb bv, `L Avgvi gb Av`yfvBqi ccvZx nq DVZv|
Mj GBfve Pvi eQi| Avwg gvwUKi Rb U cixv w`jvg| Av`yfvB wKy meviI h_vixwZ
Kvm mfbB Aevb KiwQjb|

Av`yfvB

42
`yB

wWm^i gvm|
me Kvmi cixv I cgvkb nq wMqQ| c_g weePbv, wZxq weePbv, ZZxq weePbv I
wekl weePbv BZvw` mKj cKvii weePbv nq wMqQ| weewPZ cgvkb-cvi msLv
Abvb evii bvq meviI cvm-Kiv cgvkb-cvi msLvi wYiI Ea DVQ|
wKy Av`yfvB Gme weePbvi evBi| KvRB Zuvi K_v cvq fzjB wMqwQjvg| U cixv
w`q Avgiv wUDUwiqj Kvm KiwQjvg| Qviv ay ay zjcvY RUjv KiwQjcgvkb cvIqv
Qjiv wbR`i KxwZ-Dj Pnviv `Lvevi Rb, Avi bv-cvIqv Qjiv cgvkbi Kvbv
cKvi AwZwi wekl weePbvi `vwe Rvbvevi Rb|
Ggb w`b GKUy wbivjv RvqMvq cq nVvr Av`yfvB Avgvi cv Rwoq ai Ku` djjb| Avwg
PgK DVjvg| Av`yfvBK Avgiv mevB gyiywe gvbZvg| ZvB ZuvK wcn Ub Zyj cwZ`vb
Zuvi cv Quyq ejjvg, Kx nqQ Av`yfvB, Agb cvMjvwg Kijb Kb?
Av`yfvB KwcZ K ejjb, cgvkb|
Avwg wewZ njvg; ejjvg, cgvkb ? cgvkb Kx ? Avcwb cgvkb cqQb ?
: bv, Avwg cgvkb cZ PvB|
: I, cZ Pvb ? m Zv mevB Pvq|
Av`yfvB Acivaxi bvq DM-KwcZ I msKvP-RwoZ cuvP-gvPo w`q hv ejjb, Zvi gg
GB h, cgvkbi Rb GZw`b wZwb KviI KvQ wKQy ejbwb ; KviY, cgvkb wRwbmUvK
h_vmgqi ce GwMq AvbvUv wZwb cQ` Kib bv| wKy GKUv wekl KviY Gevi ZuvK
cgvkb cZB ne| m wbRbZvqI wZwb Avgvi Kvbi KvQ gyL Gb mB KviYwU ejjb| Zv
GB h, Av`yfvBi Qj mevi Kvm mfb cgvkb cqQ| wbRi Qji cwZ Av`yfvBqi
Kvbv Clv bB| KvRB Qji m GK kwYZ covi Zuvi Avcw wQj bv| wKy Av`yfvBqi
xi ZvZ NviZi Avcw AvQ| dj, nq Av`yfvBK Gevi cgvkb cZ ne, bqZv
covkvbv Qo w`Z ne| covkvbv Qo w`q Av`yfvB euvPeb Kx wbq ?

43

Avb` cvV

Avwg Av`yfvBqi wec`i iyZ eySZ cvijvg| Zuvi Abyiva Avwg wkK`i KvQ mycvwik
KiZ hZ ivwR njvg|
c_g dviwm-wkKi KvQ hvIqv wi Kijvg| KviY, wZwb GK`v AvgvK gvU GKkZ
b^ii ga GKkZ cuvP b^i w`qwQjb| wewZ nWgvvi Zvi KviY wRm Kivq gjwe
mve ejwQjb, Qj mg cki Di `Iqvq m cY b^i cqQ| cY b^i cvIqvi
cyivi ^ic Avwg Lywk nq ZvK cuvP b^i eLwkk w`qwQ| AbK ZK KiI nWgvvi
gjwe mveK GB KvRi AmwZ eySvZ cvibwb|
gjwe mve Av`yfvBqi bvg b Rj DVjb| Agb eZwgR I Lv`vi bv-digvb ev`v wZwb
KLbv `Lbwb ej Avvjb Kijb Ges Aekl wUbi ev _K AbK LuyR Av`yfvBqi
LvZv ei Ki Avgvi mvgb dj w`q ejjb, `L|
Avwg `Ljvg, Av`yfvB gvU wZb b^i cqQ| Zey nZvk njvg bv| cvmi b^i `qvi Rb
ZuvK Pc aijvg|
eo `wi nq wMqQ, b^i mvewgU Ki djQb, weePbvi i cvi nq wMqQ BZvw`
mg hywi Avwg mvlRbK Reve w`jvg| wZwb ejjb, Zzwg Kvi Rb, Kx Abvq Abyiva
KiQ ; LvZvUv LyjB GKevi `L bv|
Avwg gjwe mveK Lywk Kievi Rb AwbPQvmI Ges AbvekK evaI LvZvUv Lyjjvg|
`Ljvg : dviwm cixv eU, wKy LvZvi Kv_vI GKwU dviwm nid bB| Zvi e`j Vvmeybvbv evsjv nid AbK wKQy jLv AvQ| KZnjek co `Ljvg : GB e`k dviwm
fvlv Avg`vwbi AbvekKZv I Qj`i Zv wkLevi Pvi gLZv m^ Av`yfvB hywcY GKwU
w_wmm wjL djQb|
cov kl Ki gjwe mvei gyLi w`K PvBZB weRqi fwZ ejjb, `LQ evev
eZwgRi KvR ? Avwg wbZv fvjv gvbyl ejB wZbU b^i w`qwQ, Ab KD nj
ivmwUKUi mycvwik KiZv|
hvnvK, kl ch gjwe mve Avgvi Abyiva GovZ cvijb bv| LvZvi Dci 3-Gi c 3
ewmq 33 Ki w`jb|

Av`yfvB

44

Avwg wecyj Avb` Ai cixKi evwo QyUjvg|

mLvb Av`yfvBqi LvZvi Dci jvj cwji GKwU cKv fgj AuvKv iqQ| evcvii
iyZ eySI Avgvi Dk ejjvg| Ai gvvi Zv nmB Lyb| nvmZ-nvmZ wZwb
Av`yfvBqi LvZv ei Ki
AvgvK Askwekl co kvbvjb| ZvZ Av`yfvB wjLQb h, ckKZv fvjv-fvjv Ai ck
dj KZKjv evR I AbvekK ck KiQb| mRb Ges ckKZvi ywU mskvabi Dk
Av`yfvB wbRB KwZcq DrK ck wjL Zvi we Di w`PQGBic fwgKv Ki Av`yfvB
h-mg A KiQb, wkK gnvkq ckc I LvZv wgwjq AvgvK `Lvjb h, cki m
Av`yfvBi Dii mwZB Kvbv msme bB|
ckci m wgj _vK, Avi bv _vK ; LvZvq jLv A njB b^i cvIqv DwPZ ej
Avwg wkKi m AbK avaw Kijvg| wkK gkvq, hvnvK, cgvY Ki w`jb h, ZvI
nqwb|
myZivs cvmi b^i w`Z wZwb ivwR njb bv| Ze wZwb AvgvK GB Avkvm w`jb h, Ab me
mveRi wkK`i ivwR KivZ cvij wZwb Av`yfvBqi cgvkb mycvwik KiZ cyZ
AvQb|
wbZv welYgb Abvb cixK`i wbKU Mjvg| me Aev cvq GKic| fMvji LvZvq
wZwb wjLQb h, cw_ex MvjvKvi Ges mhi Pvwiw`K NyiQ, Ggb MuvRvLywi M wZwb wekvm
Kib bv| BwZnvmi LvZvq wjLQb h, Kvb ivRv Kvb mgvUi cy Gme K_vi Kvbv cgvY
bB| BsiwRi LvZvq wZwb beve wmivRDjv I jW KvBfi Qwe cvkvcvwk AuvKevi Pv
KiQbAek K h wmivR, K h KvBf, wbP jLv bv _vKj Zv evSv hZv bv|
nZvk nq nvj wdi Gjvg| Av`yfvB AvMn - evKzj PvL Avgvi c_cvb Pq Acv
KiwQjb|
Avwg wdi Gm wbjZvi Lei w`ZB Zuvi gyLwU dvKvk nq Mj|
Ze Avgvi Kx ne fvB ? ej wZwb gv_vq nvZ w`q em cojb|

45

Avb` cvV

wKQy GKUv Kievi Rb Avgvi cvYI evKzj nq DVjv| ejjvg, Ze Kx Av`yfvB, Avwg
nWgvvii KvQ hve ?
Av`yfvB wYK Avgvi w`K GK` ZvwKq _K nVvr ejjb, Zzwg Avgvi Rb hv KiQ,
mRb abev`| nWgvvii KvQ Zvgvi wMq KvR bB| mLvb hZ nq AvwgB hve|
nWgvvii KvQ Rxeb Avwg wKQy PvBwb| GB cv_bv wZwb Avgvi djZ cvieb bv|
ejB wZwb nbnb Ki ewiq Mjb|
Avwg GK` `yZMgbkxj Av`yfvBqi w`K Pq iBjvg| wZwb `wi Avovj nj GKwU
`xNwbtkvm dj wbRi KvR gb w`jvg|
wZb
mw`b eow`bi QywU Avi| ay nvwRiv wjLB zj QywU `qv njv|
Avwg evBi Gm `Ljvg : zji MUi mvgb GKwU cvvi Dci GKwU DuPz Uzj Pc Zvi
Dci `uvwoq Av`yfvB nvZ-cv bo eZv KiQb| Qviv wfo Ki Zuvi eZv bQ Ges gvS
gvS KiZvwj w`PQ|
Avwg kvZgjxi wfoi ga XyK cojvg|
Av`yfvB ejwQjb, nuv, cgvkb Avwg gyLdzU KLbv PvBwb| wKy mRbB Kx AvgvK cgvkb
bv - `qv Gu`i DwPZ nqQ? gyLdzU bv Pq GZw`b Avwg Gu`i Avj cixv Kijvg|
Gu`i ga `vbvB ej Kvbv wRwbm AvQ Kx bv, Avwg Zv hvPvB Kijvg| `Ljvg, weePbv
ej Kvbv wRwbm Gu`i ga bB| Guiv wbgg, `qnxb| GKwU gvbyl h PvL eyR Gu`i
weePbvi Dci wbRi Rxeb Qo w`q em AvQ, Gu`i cvY ej Kvbv wRwbm _vKj mK_v
Kx Guiv GZw`b fyj _vKZ cviZb ?
Av`yfvBqi PvL QjQj Ki DVjv| wZwb evg nvZi wcV w`q PvL gyQ Avevi ejZ jvMjb,
Avwg Gu`i KvQ Kx Avi wekl PqwQjvg? aygv GKwU cgvkb| Zv w`j Gu`i Kx Ggb
jvKmvb nZ? gb Kieb bv, cgvkb bv - `qvq Avwg iM MwQ| ivM Avwg Kwiwb| Avwg ay

Av`yfvB

46

fvewQ, huv`i eyw-weePbvi Dci nvRvi nvRvi Qji evc - gv Qj`i Rxebi fvi w`q
wbwZ _vKb, Zuv`i Avj KZ Kg| Zuv`i cvYi cwimi KZ A!
GKUz `g wbq Av`yfvB Avi Kijb, Avwg eKvj GB zj cowQ| GKw`b GK cqmv gvBb
Kg `Bwb| eQi-eQi bZyyb-bZyb cyK I LvZv wKbZ Avcw Kwiwb| fveyb, Avgvi KZjv
UvKv wMqQ| Avwg hw` cgvkbi GZB AhvM wQjvg, Ze GB `xNw`bi ga GKRb
wkKI Avgvq Kb ejjb bv, Av`ywgTv, Zvgvi cgvkbi Kvbv Pv bB, Zvgvi gvBbUv
Avgiv be bv| gvBb `evi mgq KD eviY Kijb bv, cyK Kbevi mgq KD wbla
Kijb bv| ay cgvkbi ejvZB Zuv`i hZ wbqgKvbyb Gm euvaj ? Avwg Kvm mfb cvm
KiZ cvijvg bv ej Kvm GBUI cvm KiZ cviZvg bv, GB K_v Gu`i K ejQ ? AbK
gvwK - AvBG - Z KvbvgZ cvm Ki weG GgG - Z dvKvm cqQ, `v Avwg
AbK `LvZ cvwi| Kvbv KzMni diB Avwg Kvm mfb AvUK cowQ| GKevi
KvbvgZ GB KvmUv wWOvZ cvijB Avwg fvjv KiZ cviZvg, GUv eySv gvvievey`i
DwPZ wQj| AvgvK GKevi Kvm GBU cgvkb w`q Avgvi jvBdi GKUv Pv Guiv w`jb bv!
Av`yfvBqi Kiva nq Gj| wZwb LvwbK _g aywZi LuyU bvK-PvL gyQ wbjb| `Ljvg,
kvZMYi AbKi Mvj eq cvwb Mwoq coQ|
Mjv cwivi Ki Av`yfvB Avevi iy Kijb, Avwg KLbv GZme K_v ewjwb, AvRv ejZvg
bv| ejjvg ay GBRb h, Avgvi eoQj Gevi Kvm mfb cgvkb cqQ| m - I GB
zjB coZv| GB zji wkK`i weePbvq Avgvi Avv bB ejB Avwg MZeviB Avgvi
QjK Ab zj Uvdvi Ki w`qwQjvg| h_vmgq GB mZKZv Aej^b bv Kij, AvR
AvgvK Kx Acgvbi gyL coZ nZv, Zv AvcbvivB wePvi Kiyb|
Av`yfvBqi kixi KuvUv w`q DVjv| wZwb Mjvq `pZv Gb Avevi ejZ iy Kijb, wKy
Avwg mZK Rqhy KieB| Avwg GKw`b Kvm GBU ...
GB mgq zji `vivqvb Gm mfv fO w`j| Avwg Av`yfvBqi `w Gwoq PycPyc mi
cojvg|
Zvici hgb nq _vKmsmvi-mvMii cej mvZ K Kv_vq fm Mjvg, KD Rvbjvg bv|

47

Avb` cvV
Pvi

Avwg mevi weG cixv `e| Lye gb w`q cowQjvg| nVvr jvj jdvdvi GK c cjvg| KviI
weqi wbgYc ne gb Ki Lyjjvg| SiSi ZKZK mvbvwj nid Qvcv c| cjLK
Av`yfvB| wZwb wjLQb, wZwb mevi Kvm mfb _K Kvm GBU cgvkb cqQb ej
ezeve`i Rb wKQy WvjfvZi eev KiQb|
`Ljvg, ZvwiL AbK AvMB Pj wMqQ| evwo Nyi GmQ ej c `wiZ cqwQ|
QvcvwPwVi m nvZi jLv GKwU c| Av`yfvBi cy wjLQ, evevi Lye AmyL, AvcbvK
`Leb Zuvi kl mva|
covkvbv dj QyU Mjvg Av`yfvBK `LZ| GB PvieQi Zuvi Kvbv Lei wbBwb ej jvAbyZvc QvU nq hvwQjvg|
Qj Ku` ejjv, evev gviv wMqQb| cgvkbi Rb wZwb Gevi w`bivZ Ggb covkvbv iy
KiwQjb h, khv wbjb Zey cov Qvojb bv| Avgiv mevB Zuvi Rxeb m^ fq cjvg|
cvovmy jvK wMq nWgvviK aivq wZwb ^qs Gm evevK cgvkbi Avkvm w`jb| evev
AmyL wbqB cvjwK Po zj wMq q-q cixv w`jb| AvMi K_vgZv ZvK cgvkb
`qv njv| wZwb Zuvi cgvkb Drme D`&hvcb Kievi Rb AvgvK Kzg w`jb| KvK-KvK
wbgY KiZ ne, Zvi wjI wZwb wbRnvZ Ki w`jb| wKy mB Drme huviv hvM w`Z
Gjb, Zuviv mevB Zuvi RvbvRv co evwo wdijb|
Avwg PvLi cvwb gyQ Keii KvQ hZ PvBjvg|
Qj AvgvK Mvivb wbq Mj| `Ljvg, Av`yfvBqi Kei Lv`vB-Kiv gvej cv_ii
UvejU jLv iqQ :
Here sleeps Adu Mia who was promoted
from Class VII to Class VIII.
Qj ejj, evevi kl BQvgZvB I-eev Kiv nqQ|

Av`yfvB

48

jLK-cwiwPwZ
gqgbwmsn Rjvi wkvj _vbvi AMZ avbxLvjv Mvg 1898 mvji 3iv m^i (1305
evi 19k fv`) GK gawe KlK cwievi Aveyj gbmyi Avng` RMnY Kib| Zuvi
wcZvi bvg Avyi iwng divhx Ges gvZvi bvg gxi Rvnvb LvZyb| avbxLvjv Mvg divhxcwieviK agxq HwZni aviK ej gb Kiv nZv| Mvgi AwaKvsk RbmvaviYB wQjb
Muvov gynw` mc`vqfz| GgbB GK agxq KovKwo cvwievwiK HwZni ga Zuvi kke I
Kkvi KUQ| Zuvi wkvRxebi iy nq cuvP eQi eqm PvPv gybwm Qwgiywbi ge
evM`vw` Kvq`v, Avg-wmcviv I Kvivb kwid wkvi gvag| 1906 mvj wZwb Rwg`vi
KvQvwiZ cvVkvjvq fwZ nb|
1908 mvj ch GLvb covkvbv kl 1909 mvj `wiivgcyi gvBbi zj fwZ nb| GLvb
6 kwY ch cob| Gici 1913 mvji Rvbyqvwi gvm bvwmivev` knii gZyq we`vjq
cek Kib| G zj _K 1917 mvj cuvP UvKv gvnmxb ewmn c_g wefvM gvwK cvm
Kib| 1919 mvj XvKvi RMbv_ KjR _K c_g wefvM AvBG cvm Kib| 1921 mvj
XvKv KjR _K weG Ges 1929 mvj KjKvZvi wicb j KjR _K c_g wefvM j cvm
Kib| wZwb ckvq wQjb GKRb weLvZ mvsevw`K I mvwnwZK| Zuvi jLv LvZbvgv Mjv
njv : Ryi Kejv, bqvcvov, Avqbv, Avmgvbx c`v, dzW Kbdvi, Mvwjfvii
mdibvgv BZvw`| 1979 mvji 18B gvP wZwb gZzeiY Kib|

mvi-msc
Av`yfvB bvg GK Qv Kvm mfb coZ| covjLvq m fvjv bv njI Pvj-Pjb, AvPvieenvi, Av`e-Kvq`vq wQj mevi Dci| we`vjqi wbqgKvbyb memgq gb PjZv| wKy m
KLbvB evwlK cixvq cvm KiZ cviZv bv| dj eQii ci eQi m Kvm mfbB _vKZv|
Zvi mncvVxiv cvm Ki KD KD H we`vjq wkKZv KiQ| KD Ab fvjv PvKwi KiQ|
wKy Av`yfvB H Kvm mfbB co AvQ| m cgvkbi Rb KviI KvQ Kvbvw`b Ave`b
Kiwb| wKy GKw`b `Lv Mj m cgvkbi Rb evKzj nq DVjv| KviY m-eQi Zvi
QjI Kvm mfb cgvkb cqQ| Zvi xi Avcwi KviY m cgvkb cZ PqwQj|
wKy ZvZ jvf nqwb| Gi wKQyw`b ci Av`yfvB KVvi cwikg Ki w`bivZ covkvbv Ki

49

Avb` cvV

Ag kwYZ cgvkb cqwQj| wKy AwZwi LvUzwbi dj kixi k ivM evmv euva| dj
wKQyw`b ciB Av`yfvB gviv hvq|

kv_ I UxKv
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wekl vb bB Ggb; wbeva| w_wmm wbe; Awfm`f| eZwgR Awk; eqv`e;
wkvPvivb ewRZ| fgj cw_ex; ffvM| msme mshvM; mcK; m^| cixK
cixv Ki Ggb; cixvKvix| dvKvk weeY; cvyeY; Abyj; `xwnxb|

Abykxjbx
enywbevPwb ck
1. wkKMY ZvK Av`yfvB ej WvKZb
K. mvb Ki

L. Av`i Ki

M. we`yc Ki

N. ghv`v iv Ki

2. AvR nvK, Kvj nvK, cgvkb AvgvK w`ZB ne Av`yfvB-Gi G DwZ cKvk
cqQ Av`yfvB Gi
i. `fve
ii. AvZwekvm
iii `pcZq
wbPi KvbwU mwVK ?
K. i

L. ii

M. i I iii

N. ii I iii

Av`yfvB

50

wbPi AskUzKz co Ges 3-5 bs cki Di `vI

Av`yfvB GKB kwYZ eQii ci eQi covbv KijI KLbB cgvkb cvb bv| wKy Abvb
Yvewji Rb m wQj mKji wcqfvRb| Zvi wbqgvbyewZZv I kLjvevai Rb wZwb cwZeQi
cyiZ nZb|
3.

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K. 6

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Abvb Yvewj ejZ GLvb eySvbv nqQ i . kv I f`

ii. mZev`x I Pwievb
iii. nvmvj I civcKvix

wbPi KvbwU mwVK

5.

K. i

L. i I ii

M. iii

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Kvm Lvivc Qv nqI KZci m`q `w AvKlY Kiv me

K. wbqg-kLjv gb Pjvi gvag
L. Ljvayjvq fvjv cvi`kx nj
M. kv-^fvemyjf AvPiYi gvag
N. mvswZK Kvhg cvi`kx nj

mRbkxj ck
1.

Av`yfvB Acivaxi bvq DM-KwZ I msKvP-RwoZ cuvP-gvPo w`q hv ejjb,

Zvi gg GB h cgvkbi Rb GZw`b wZwb KviI KvQ wKQy ejbwb, KviY cgvkb
wRwbmUvK h_vmgqi c~e GwMq AvbvUv wZwb cQ` Kib bv| wKy GKUv wekl

51

Avb` cvV
KviY Gevi ZvK cgvkb cZB ne| m wbRbZvqI wZwb Avgvi Kvbi KvQ gyL
Gb mB KviYwU ejjb|
K. G eQi Av`yfvB cgvkbi Rb GZ evKzj Kb ?
L. Av`yfvB-Gi Acivax, DM-KwZ I msKvPgq nevi KviY eYbv Ki|
M. AwZ wbRbZvqI Kvb Kvb K_v ejvi ceYZv KLb j Kiv hvq DZvski
AvjvK eYbv Ki|
N. DZvsk Av`yfvB-Gi h `wfw j Kiv hvq Zvi ^ic weklY Ki|

2.

UyUyj cvuP eQi hver 10g kwYZ Aaqb KiQ| jLvcovq Lvivc njI Ljvayjvq Zvi
h_ mybvg iqQ| Zvi KviYB Zv`i yj cwZeQi dyUej RvZxq Pvwqb nq|
GRb Ghver Zvi cgvkb cZ Zgb K cZ nqwb| wKy 10g kwYi wbevPbx
cixvq cavbwkK ZvK Pov cixvi Rb wbevPb KiZ bvivR, eis ZvK wUwm
wbq weKGmwcZ fwZ nevi civgk `b|
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L. DZvsk UyUyjK P~ov cixvi Rb wbevPb KiZ cavbwkK Kb ivwR bb
eYbv Ki|
M. DZvski UyUyji mv_ Zvgvi cwVZ Av`yfvB-Gi Kx mv`k ev emv`k jYxqhywmn Dc_vcb Ki|
N. UyUyjK cavbwkK weKGmwcZ fwZ nevi civgk `qvi Zvrch weklY Ki|

AjzY RyZv
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AbK Kvj AvMi K_v| Avjx Avey Avyix bvg GKRb abxjvK evm KiZ evM`v` kni|
knii Ici Zvi hgb wQj GKLvbv PgrKvi evwo, Zgwb wQj h_ UvKv-cqmv| kni mevB
ZvK abx ej RvbZv| wKy we`kx KD nVvr Gm Zvi RvgvKvco `L gvUB aviYv
KiZ cviZ bv h, jvKUv mwZ abx|
Zvi cvovcowkiv cvqB ejvewj KiZv : Avjx Avey abx ne bv Kb ? jvKUv wbRi Rb GKwU
w`bviI eq Ki bv| Pq `vLv GKevi Ii RyZvRvovi w`K, ZvnjB eySZ cvie I abx
nqQ Kx Ki| ejB Zviv nvmZ _vKZv|
Avjx Aveyi cvqi bvMivB RyZv wbq evM`v` knii wkiv Aewa nvmvnvwm Ki| nvme
bv-B-ev Kb? Ggb GKRvov cy ivbv Ry Zv mviv evM`v` kni KD Ly u R cve bv|
KD KD ej, I GKRvov

AjzY RyZv

53

RyZv ci Avjx Avey wR`wM Kvevi Ki w`qQ|

wKy GKRvov RyZv Kx Ki GZw`b wUKZ cvi ? nuv, Avjx Aveyi RyZvi Kvbv RvqMvq
GKwU dyUv njB m eivq gywPi mvb|
evM`v`i gywPivI ZvK wPb djQ| ZvK `LjB Zviv ej IV, IZ Avi Zvwj jvMvbv
Pje bv mvne, IUv ev` w`q GKRvov bZyb RyZv wKbyb|
Avjx Avey wKy m K_vq Kvb `q bv| m Avi GK gywPi KvQ hvq| Ggwb Ki NyiZ NyiZ
KD nqZv GKUv Zvwj jvwMq `q| Ggwb Ki Avjx Aveyi bvMivB RyZv mKji cwiwPZ nq
DVj| GgbwK eyiv GK AciK ejZ jvMjv, Avjx Aveyi bvMivB RyZvi gZv Zvgvi
cigvqy nvK|
wKy Aekl mB weLvZ RyZvB Avjx Aveyi `yfvMi KviY nq DVjv| knii ivvq
ewiq GKw`b m hvwQj GK KvPi wkwk-evZji `vKvbi cvk w`q| `vKvwb ZvK `L
ej DVjv, GB h Avey fvB, Avcbvi Rb GKUv Lvk-Lei AvQ| we`wk GK mI`vMi
GmQ, AbKjv AvZii wkwk ePZ| PgrKvi iwOb dzjKvUv wkwk| gvU 50 w`bvi `vg|
wKb GKgvm Ni ivLj Zvi `vg Kg-m-Kg GKkv w`bvi w`qB Avwg be| Avgvi e`bwme
h GLb GKwU w`bviI nvZ bB|
Agb jvfi jvf K mvgjvZ cvi, mvgjvbv mnR evcvi bq| Avjx Aveyi ivZw`b wPvB
nQ, Kx Ki UvKv evovbv hvq| KvRB m ZrYvr iwOb wkwkjv wKb evwo wbq Mj|
w`bKqK ci AviK ey Gm Lei w`j, GKUv jvK GmQ emivB MvjvcRj ePZ|
PgrKvi wRwbm wKy `vg GKevi mv| wKQyw`b ciB Gi `vg `yBY-wZbY nZ eva|
Avi Zvgvi mB iwOb wkwk fwZ Ki ePj, PvB wK PviYI cZ cviv| Avnv Kx Mvjvc !
UvKv evovevi Kx Agj myhvM| hvMvhvMUv PgrKviiwOb wkwk, ZvZ MvjvcRj| Avjx Avey 50
w`bvi w`q MvjvcRj wKb wbq Gjv|
wkwkjv MvjvcRj fwZ Ki m hZ Ki iL w`j Rvbvjv eivei GKUv ZvKi Dci| wkwkevZj ivLvi c GB RvqMvUvB Zvi evwoZ mePq wbivc`|
A KqKw`bi wfZi `y-`yUv jvfi Kvievi KiZ ci Avjx Aveyi gb LywkZ AvULvbv|
mw`b `ycyiejv m knii nvvg wMq XyKj Mvmj KiZ| wVK m mgq nvvg _K Mvmj
mi ewiq AvmwQj Igi web Avw` bvg Zvi GK ey| Avjx AveyK `LB m ej DVjv,
Avm&mvjvgv AvjvBKyg, Avey fvB|

54

Avb` cvV

Avjx Avey mv_ mv_ Reve w`j| Ggb mgq Igii bRi coj Aveyi RyZvi Ici| abx eyi
RyZvi G `y`kv `L m gv_v bo ejj, fvB Avjx Avey, Zvgvi Zv gv-kvjvn UvKv-cqmvi
KgwZ bB| GKRvov bZyb RyZv Kb Zywg wKbQv bv fvB ? mvivUv evM`v` kni LyuRI Zvgvi
bvMivB RyZvi kvwgj Avi GKRvov RyZv KD ei KiZ cvie bv| mwZ ejwQ, Zvgvi G
RyZvK Gevi cbkb w`q GKRvov bZybi eev Kiv DwPZ|
GB ej Igi web Avw` gv_v bvoZ bvoZ ewiq Mj| Avey Kvbv Reve bv w`q ay gyPwK
nvmjv|
Mvmj mi Kvco-Rvgv ci Avey evBi Gm `Lj, Zvi RyZvRvov RvqMvgZv ivLv bB|
Avmj jvKi cvqi avvq `i GK ewi Zjvq `yLvbv RyZv `ycvk co AvQ| Aveyi
cyivbv RyZv hLvb wQj, mLvb co AvQ GKRvov `vwg PKPK bZyb RyZv| PgrKvi
RyZv, ZvI wVK Aveyi cvqi gvci|
Avey ZLb gb gb fvej, Avgvi ey IgiiB G KvR| m-B bZyb RyZvRvov wKb AvgvK
Dcnvi w`q MQ| GRbB gv_v bvowQj Igi| cvY Lyj eyK abev` Rvwbq Avey bZyb RyZv
cvq w`q evwo Pj Mjv|
Avmj Aveyi Abygvb wKy gvUB mZ bq| RyZvRvov wQj knii KvwRi| Aveyi gZv wZwbI
RyZv Qo nvvg XyKwQjb Mvmj Kievi Rb| evBi Gm Kvco cvjUvZ wMq wZwb
`Ljb, RyZv bB mLvb| `LB wZwb wPrKvi Ki DVjb, Avgvi RyZv Kx njv?
KvwRi RyZv wbLuvR ? LuvR LuvR mvov co Mj Zywb| Pviw`K Lyu R cZ Aekl cvIqv
Mj Avjx Aveyi iOeiOi ZvwjIqvjv mB bvMivB Rvov|
mB RyZv wPbZ KviI evwK iBj bv| ZvwjIqvjv mB RyZv evM`v` knii K bv Pb ?
G RyZv mB KgeLZ Avjx Aveyi bv nq hvq bv| Avgvi bZyb RyZv wbq m-B cvwjqQ|
nvZ-bvZ Gfve bv aij K fveZ cvi h, evUv RyZvPvi? evUvK ai Gb AvQv mvRv
w`Z ne AvR|
ej KvwR wPrKvi KiZ jvMjb|
Zvici jvKRb`i WK cyivbv RyZv cvwVq w`jb Avjx Aveyi evwoZ| Zviv wMq `LZ
cj, mwZ mwZ Avjx Aveyi cvq KvwRi mB bZyb RyZv|

AjzY RyZv

55

Avi hvq Kv_vq ? UvbZ UvbZ Zviv ePviv Avjx AveyK nvwRi Kijv KvwRi `ievi| KvwR
iM ejjb, Gywb Ii wcV `k `viiv gviv| gi wbq hvI Kq`Lvbvq| nvRvi w`bvi
Rwigvbv w`j Ze Ii gyw|
evcviUv h fyjekZ: nq MQ Avey Zv evSvZ evievi Pv Kijv| wKy K be ZLb Zvi
K_v| Aekl Kej GK nvRvi w`bvi Rwigvbv w`q Avjx Avey m hvv iv cj|
evwo wdi AvmZ AvmZ m fvej, h Acqv RyZvi Rb GZUv nqivwb Avi eBwZ, Zvi gyL
Avi Rxeb `LZ PvBb| AvR evwo wMq I-`yUvK kl KiZ ne|
GB fe Avey evwo wdi Zvi bvMivB Rvov wbq Gjv b`xi Zxi| Zvici evwo _K ek
LvwbK `i GKUv cyji Ici `uvwoq GK GK Ki `y-cvwU RyZvB Qyuo djj b`xZ|
wKy mw`b weKvj NUj GK Kv| GK Rj Gm b`xZ Rvj djZB gvQi cwieZ
mkixi DV
Gj Aveyi mB weLvZ bvMivB Rvov| niK iKgi Pvgovi Zvwj jvMvbv RyZv wPbZ Rji
`wi njv bv| mevii Lvc Rvj gvQ bv DVjI m wKy gb gb LywkB njv| evwo wdi
eDK ejjv, Avjx Avey abx gvbyl GZw`bi RyZvRvov diZ cj Kg KiI `y-w`bvi
eKwkk wbq `e|
`ytLi welq, Rj hLb Avjx Aveyi evwo RyZv wbq nvwRi njv, ZLb evwoZ KD wQj bv|
Nii `iRvjv me e| ay GKUv Rvbvjv Lvjv wQj| ZvI wQj AbK DuPyZ| Rj gb gb
ejjv, GB wbq Avi ZKwjd Ki wdi hvIqv hve bv| Zvi Pq Rvbvjv w`q Qyo w`jB Avey
Gm Zvi RyZv cq Lywk ne| ci hLb `Lv ne, ZLb ejjB ne h, Avwg cqwQjvg
IUv| eKwkkUvI ZLb Pq bqv hve|
GB ej Rvbvjv w`q RyZv `y-Lvbv Qyo gviZB mjv wMq coj MvjvcRji wkwki Ici|
Zvi dj ZvKi mejv wkwk gvwUZ co fO Mj|
iv evwo wdi Aveyi Zv Pz PoKMvQ| gv_v Pvco m Ku` DVjv| Avevi mB Acqv RyZvi
KxwZ| Kx e`bwmeB nqQ Avgvi| AvRB, GzwbB, G AjzY RyZvi nvZ _K h KiB
nvK invB cZ ne|
GB ej evMvbi GKcvk `qvji avi wMq m gvwU LyuoZ jvMjv| Auvavi ZLb wKQyB `Lv
hvq bv| wKy Kvj fvi Aewa Acv Kievi gZb gbi Aev Aveyi gvUB bB| Pvi hgb
Auvavi wmua KvU AveyI Zgwb AuvaviB gvwU LyuoZ jvMjv|

56

Avb` cvV

`qvji cvk k b cvki evwoi jvKiv Gjv Avjv wbq| Gm `Lj Aveyi Kv| Zviv
ejj, GB Zvgvi KxwZ! Auvavi em `qvji Zjvq myo KU Avgv`i me^ Pywi Kivi
gZje ? Pjv Gzwb KvwRi KvQ|
Gevi KvwR ZvK `LB ej DVjb, Avevi Pywi ! Kw`b AvM Avgvi RyZv Pywi Ki Rwigvbv
w`qQ| Gevi eywS eo iKgi `uvI gvievi gZje wQj ?
GB ej AveyK K_v ejevi myhvM bv w`qB KvwR ZvK Kq`Lvbvq cvwVq w`jb|
evwo Gm m fvej-`y-evi `y-nvRvi w`bvi Rwigvbv w`q Rj LvUvi nvZ _K invB cjvg|
wKy RyZvi nvZ _K invB bv cj Pje bv| GB AjzY RyZv evwoi evi KiZB ne|
AbK fewP Gevi m RyZvRvov dj Gjv b`gvq| evwo wdi q q fveZ
jvMjv, GZw`b mwZB invB cjvg| b`gvq KD Rvj djZ Avme bv|
cii w`b fvi Svoy`vi Gjv b`gv cwivi KiZ| Gm `Ljv GKRvov Quov RyZv AvUK
b`gv e nq AvQ| ejv evj, RyZvi gvwjKK wPbZ eM cZ njv bv| gqjv RyZvRvov
m Aveyi evwoi `iRvq iL Pj Mj|
Aveyi Nyg fvOZ evBi Gm `Ljv, Avevi mB RyZv| Avey gv_vq nvZ w`q em cojv|
Gevi Kx Kie ZvB em m fveZ jvMjv|
ivv w`q GK KyKyi hvwPQj QyU| nVvr Aveyi evwoi KvQ GmB _g coj| Zvici gvwU
uKZ uKZ GwMq Gjv RyZvi KvQ| GmB GKcvwU RyZv gyL wbq `-QyU|
AMZv AveyI QyUj KyKyiK Zvov Ki| QyUZ QyUZ mvgb coj GKUv `qvj| KzKzi `qvj
UcK hZB RyZvUv dm&K wMq coj `qvji Icvk GKUv QvU Qji gv_vq| Aveyi fvix
RyZvi Nvq Qj Avb nq coj| evwoZ n-P co Mj| mevB Gjv QyU|
Zvici Avevi mB KvwRi `ievi| AveyK `L KvwR iM DV ejjb, QjUvi wPwKrmvi me
UvKv Zv w`ZB ne, ZvQvov mgcwigvY UvKv LmviZI w`Z ne|
ePviv Gevi Ku`B djj| `yevi Rwigvbv Avi wkwki Kvievi jvKmvb w`q Aveyi nvZ bM`
UvKv-cqmv wKQyB wQj bv| ZvB Gevi ZvK avv mvgjvZ njv eyevei KvQ avi Ki|
G NUbvi w`b`yB ci Avey Gm nvwRi njv KvwRi `ievi| KvwR Zv ZvK `LB AevK|
mw`K j bv Ki Zvwj `qv RyZvRvov KvwRi mvgb iL Avey ejj, Gevi Avgvi dwiqv`

AjzY RyZv

57

ivLZ ne Ryi| Avgvi GB RyZvRvovi weiy dwiqv`| G AjyY RyZvi KviY Avgvi
hv-wKQy `yfvM NUQ, Zv b nK Bbmvd Kiyb, Ki `vlxi mvRv w`b|
KvwR AevK nq Pq iBj| jvKUv Zvgvkv KiQ bv wK ! Avey Avevi ejZ jvMjv, Avwg mwZ
ejwQ nyRyi| Avgvi eyoveqm mewKQy `yfvMi gj IB Quov RyZvRvov| G `yUvK Ggbfve
Kq` Ki ivLyb hvZ Avgvi bRi Avi bv co|
GB ej m GK GK KvwRK me K_v Lyj ejj|
Aveyi `yfvMi K_v b KvwRi fxlY nvwm cj| nvmZ nvmZ wZwb ejjb, mwZB Zywg
RyZvi e`jZ K fvM KiQ `LZ cvwPQ| hvI Zvgvi Rwigvbvi UvKv me diZ `evi
nyKyg w`jvg| ZvQvov G RyZv Avi ZvgvK `LZ ne bv|
KvwR mwZB `qvjy wQjb| wZwb Aveyi `y-nvRvi w`bvi mv_ mv_ diZ w`q w`jb|
RyZvRvovi fvM Kx NUwQj KD ejZ cvi bv| wKy Aveyi cvq mjvK Avi `Lv
hvqwb|

jLK-cwiwPwZ
1910 mvji 10B Rvbyqvwi gvnv` bvwmi Avjx XvKv Rjvi wegcyii avB`v Mvg RbMnY
Kib| Zuvi wcZv nvq`vi Avjx wQjb GKRb eemvqx| wZwb ZwjievM Kvjxgvnb-`yMvgvnb
BbwwUDU _K GUvm (1926) Ges XvKv wekwe`vjq _K weKg. (1931) cvm Kib|
Zvici PvKwii mvb KwjKvZvq hvb| 1933 mvj wZwb KwjKvZv nvBKvU Abyev`K wnme
hvM`vb Kib| cieZxKvj `wbK BdvK cwKvi wkwefvMi cwiPvjKi `vwqZ cvjb
Kib| cvwKvb cwZvi ci XvKvq Gm nvBKvUi PvKwiZ hvM`vb Kib Ges 1967 mvj
Aemi hvb| Aek Gi AvMB 1949 mvj wZwb bIivR wKZvwevb bvg GKwU cKvkbv
cwZvb Zwi Kib Ges cyK eemv Pvwjq hvb| 1952 mvj `wbK AvRv`i wk-wKkvi
wefvM gyKyji gvnwdj cwiPvjbv Kib Ges evMevb Q`bvg 1975 mvj ch H `vwqZ
cvjb Kib|
wkZvl McYZv wnmeB bvwmi Avjxi gyL cwiPq| Ze wZwb wkvgjK M, ce I
RxebxI iPbv Kib| wbgj nvmim mwZ wZwb `Zvi cwiPq w`qQb| Zuvi DjLhvM
Mjv njv : gwYKwYKv (1949), kvnx w`bi Kvwnbx (1949), QvU`i Igi dviyK
(1951), AvKvk hviv Kijv Rq (1975), Avjx evev (1958), BZvwji RbK Mvwiew
(1963), exieji Lvk M (1964), mvZ cuvP M (1965), evKv eKvB (1966),

58

Avb` cvV

hvMvhvM (1968), jey gvgvi mKv (1968) BZvw`| mvwnZi Rb wZwb 1967 mvj
evsjv GKvWgx cyivi cvb| 1975 mvji 30k Rvbyqvwi wZwb gZyeiY Kib|

mvi-msc
AbK w`b AvM Avjx Avey Avyix bvg GK abxjvK evM`v` kni evm KiZv| wKy m LyeB
mvaviY cvkvK ciZv| m Zvi RyZvRvov `xNw`b ai RvovZvwj w`q eenvi KiZv| dj
Zvi eeZ RyZvRvov mevB wPbZv| mKji Pbv GB RyZvRvovB Kvj njv Zvi| GKevi
fyj Ki RyZv Pywii `vq ZvK Rwigvbv w`Z nq| ivM `ytL Zv b`xZ dj w`j Rj Zvi
Rvj RyZvjv cvq| hnZy Aveyi RyZv cvq mevB wPbZv, KvRB mI wPbjv| diZ w`Z
wMq m evwoZ KvDK bv cq Rvbvjv w`q Qyo gvi Nii fZi| GZ Aveyi eemvi Rb
ivLv MvjvcRji wkwk-evZj fO UyKiv UyKiv nq hvq| Avevi G RyZv gvwUZ cuyZ
djZ Mj wmuaj Pvi wnme aiv co Rwigvbv w`Z nq| Avevi b`gvq dj w`j Svoy`vi
Zv Gb evwoi `iRvi mvgb iL hvq| KyKyi GKcvwU RyZv wbq cvwjq Mj Zv GK Qji
gv_vq co `yNUbv NU| GZI ZvK Rwigvbv w`Z nq| Gfve Avey G RyZvi RbB AbK
wZi myLxb nq| Aekl KvwRi KvQ wMq me NUbv Lyj ejj KvwR mvne ZvK Rwigvbv
_K gyw `b|

kv_
evM`v` BivKi ivRavbx; wkv-mswZi HwZnevnx cvPxb kni| w`bvi BivKi gy`vi
bvg| wR`wM mviv Rxeb| Kvevi kl| Kvb `qv kvbv| cigvqy `xN Rxeb| LvkLei mymsev`| mI`vMi eemvqx| e`bwme g` fvM| emiv BivKi GKwU evwYwRK
kni| Kvievi eemv| LywkZ AvULvbv LyeB Avbw`Z| nvvg MvmjLvbv, vbvMvi|
cbkb w`q ev` w`q ev cZvLvb Kiv A_| mvov co Mj Avjvob mw njv A_|
KgeLZ nZfvM, `yfvMv, eywnxb| `ievi wePvivjq| m hvv m mgq, m-evi|
bvMivB Pvgovi GKcKvi RyZv| niK iKg wewfb iKg| ZKwjd K, `yfvM| Acqv
AgjRbK, Af, AjYv, KzjYv| me^ mewKQy| gZje dw`| `uvI gviv mnR
gvUv jvf Kiv| LmviZ wZciY| dwiqv` cv_bv| gvgjv-gvKgvq Av`vjZ
AwfhvM| Bbmvd wePvi, bvqwePvi|

AjzY RyZv

59

Abykxjbx
enywbevPwb ck
1.

wkwkMyjv MvjvcRj fwZ Ki Avjx Avey hZ Ki iLwQj

K. LvUi wbP Zvi Ici
L. Rvbvjv eivei ZvKi Ici
M. DuPy KuvPi Avjgvwii fZi
N. wmi Kvco w`q gywoq

2.

Rj Avjx Aveyi evwoZ hLb Mj ZLb

K. evwoZ KD wQj bv
L. Avjx Aveyi x evwoZ wQj
M. Nii `iRvMyjv Lvjv wQj
N. Avjx Avey evwoZ wQj

3.

Avjx Aveyi RyZv Rji KvQ g~jevb, KviY

K. Zv diZ w`j Rji eKwkk wgje L. Zv evRvi wew Ki m A_ cve
M. Avey Zv cj RjK abev` `e N. KvwRi `ievi Rgv w`j Aveyi kvwZ
ne

4.

wkwkMyjv wew Ki Avey fewQj

K. Zvi UvKv eo wY ne
M. gbUv LywkZ fi DVe

L. GKRvov bZyb RyZv wKbZ cvie

N. gvbylK eemvq mvnvh Kie

mRbkxj ck
AbyQ`wU co wbPi cki Reve jL
AMZv AveyI QyUj KyKyiK Zvov Ki| QyUZ QyUZ mvgb cojv GKUv `qvj| KzKzi `qvj
UcK hZB RyZvUv dmK wMq cojv `qvji Icvk GKUv QvU Qji gv_vq| Aveyi fvix
RyZvi Nvq Qj Avb nq cojv| evwoZ n-P co Mjv| mevB Gjv QyU|
1. Avey KzKziwUK Zvov KiwQj Kb ?
2. mevB QyU Gjv Kb ?
3. KzKziwU Kxfve Aveyi fvM wecb Kij, evLv Ki|
4. DxcKi AvjvK RyZvK AjyY ejvi hwKZv wePvi Ki|

Dwbk kv GKvi
Bg`v`yj nK wgjb

GKw`b `ycyi ejv `xbyi gb Lye Lvivc nq Mj| GKvi mvji K_v| elvKvj wQj mw`b, Uvbv
`k w`b ci `xby`i Qv gd^j kni `ycyii w`K iv` DVQ| GK w`b wQj ew| Nvi
ew| m~hi gyL `Lv hvqwb| AvKvk wQj cvov gvwUi Pzjvi gZv| _K _K gN WKQ,
we`yr PgKQ| Avi ew| Kgb ew| knii Pviw`K wQj elvi Rj| Rji Dci gvBjK
gvBj fm wQj Avgb avb| avb ZLb _vo Avmvi mgq| ew wQj, evZvm wQj bv ej ewi
Zjvq avbx gvVjv wQj ^ci gZv wi| myej`i evwoUv k~b co AvQ AbKw`b| elvi
gyL myejiv evwo Qo Mj| hvIqvi w`b mKvjejv myeji eywo w`w`gv `xbyK WK ejjb,
Avgiv Pj hvwQ `xby| Zvici AuvPj PvL gyQjb|
`xby wKQy eySZ cvi bv| w`w`gvi PvL Rj `L fvevPvKv Lq hvq| Zvici Ui cvq wbRi
PvLI Rj fi AvmQ Zvi| `xby QjUv GB iKg| KviI PvLi Rj mBZ cvi bv| Rbi

Dwbk kv GKvi

61

ci m `LQ GB gd^j kni, GB me gvbylRb| RMr msmvi Zvi Avcb KD bB ej GB

knii mevB Zvi eo Avcb| KvDK `xby WvK evev, KvDK gv, fvBevb, w`w`gv, RvVv, PvPv,
gvgv, Lvjv, wcwm-AvZxqi Afve bB `xbyi| Avi wbRi Kvbv evwo Ni bB ej GB knii
mejv evwoNiB `xbyi wbRi| hLb m BQ evwo hvq| wL` _vKj mvRv wMq XvK
ivbvNi| Nyg cj h Kvbv weQvbvq duvK duvKi w`q wUwU q co| `xbyK KD KLbv
divq bv|
`xbyi eqm `k eQi| Ii PvLi w`K ZvwKq, gyLi w`K ZvwKq KD KLbv Ii m ivM
KiZ cvi bv| `k eQi eqm `xbyI hb Kgb Ki K_vUv Rb MQ|
wKZy GKUv K_vB `xbyi Rvbv nqwb- `xby wn`y bv gymjgvb ! Kgb Ki h GB kni GmwQj,
Kvi Kvj KD Zv Rvb bv| hw`I G wbq `xbyi Kvbv `ytL bB| myL AvQ| `k eQii
RxebB `xby Rb MQ gvbyli ga AbK fvM| m Kvb fvM ?
`xby Rvb bv| myLUv GB| Aeva m wn`y evwo hvq| gvwm wcwm WvK| cUcyi Lvq, Nygvq| hvq
gymjgvb evwo| Lvjv dzdz WvK| cUcyi Lvq Nygvq| `xbyi Kvbv `ytL bB|
Zv myeji w`w`gv PvL gyQZ gyQZ ejjb, `xbyi Avgiv KjKvZv hvwQ|
Kv_vq w`w`gv ?
KjKvZv|
KjKvZv Kv_vq, `xby Rvb bv| Zvi gb nq GB knii AvkcvkB ne KjKvZv, w`w`gviv
eva nq AvZxq- evwo hvQ eovZ| `y-cuvP w`b ci wdi Avme|
wKZy w`w`gv Zvnj Kuv` Kb? `xby ZLb mviv evwoi jvKRbi gyL `L| Kgb _g_g
`ytLx gyL mevi| Avi KZ h evPKv eyPwK| LvU-cvj Avi fvwi wRwbmc Qvov meB wbq
hvQ myejiv| AvZxq evwo Mj KD wK AZv wRwbmc wbq hvq|
`xbyi gv_vi fZi eo iKgi GKUv wMU jM hvq| wMU LyjZ `xby hvq myeji KvQ|
myej `xbyi eqmx| nj ne Kx, myejUv eo eywgvb | zj co Zv|
Rvwbm bv `k MMvj jMQ| cwg cvwKZvb _K KZ wgwjUvwi GmQ| wgwjUvwiiv me
gvbyl gi dje| Bqv eo eo e`yK AvQ|
b `xby Lye fq cq hvq| nvq nvq, Zvnj !
Zvnj Avi wK ! Avgiv Zv GRbB Pj hvwQ|

62

Avb` cvV

ZLb `xby GKUv Ave`vi Ki em| myej AvgvK wbwe ?

hvt, ZvK Kv_vq be|
GK_v b myeji w`w`gv GwMq Avmb| Zvici AuvPj PvL gyQZ gyQZ `xbyi gv_vq nvZ
ivLb| `xby `v`vi, gb Lvivc Kwim b| ILvb Avgv`iB Kvbv VuvB wVKvbv bB| _vKj
ZvK wbq hZvg|
Zvici Avevi AuvPj PvL XvKb| `L `xby Gevi mwZ mwZ Ku` dj|
w`w`gv ejjb, Avgv`i GB evwoUv ZvK w`q Mjvg| Zvi Zv Kv_vI _vKvi RvqMv
bB| GLvb
_vwKm| GKv _vKZ fq jvMj KvDK wbq _vwKm| Ni Pvj-Wvj me AvQ| Zvi Qgvm
Pje| Avi kvb `v`y, Zvi fq bB| ZzB Lye fvjv Qj| ZvK cvwKZvwb mbviv wKQy Kie
bv| `k ^vaxb nj Avgiv wdi Avme|
`k ^vaxb gvb ?
GZ `yytLi gaI myeji w`w`gv nm djb| GB `kUv c~e evsjv, Avi c~e evsjv _vKe bv|
ne evsjv`k|
`xby nqZv AviI wKQy wRvmv KiZv| wKZy Zvi AvM Lvjcvo weivU QBIqvjv bKv Gm
wfoj| evPKv-eyPwK wbq myejiv me bKvq wMq DVj| `xby wMq `uvwoq _vKj Lvjcvo|
Zvici hZY myej`i bKv `Lv hvq, ZZY KZevi h PvLi Rj gyQj, MvYvYwZ bB|
mB w`bUv eo Lvivc KUQ `xbyi| mvivw`b wKQy Lvqwb| myej`i evwoi wZbU Nii PvweB
`xbyK w`q wMqwQjb myeji w`w`gv| wKZy `xby ay LyjwQj evsjvNii Zvjv|
myej`i evsjvNi cyibv Kvji wekvj GKUv PwK cvZv| Nii AaKUv Ryo| mB PwKZ
mvivw`b q _KQ `xby| Rvbvjv w`q ZvwKq ZvwKq AvKvk `LQ| myej`i K_v feQ,
Avi wgwjUvwi`i K_v| wgwjUvwiiv mwZ Kx me jvKRb gi dje Zvnj ?
GZ fveZ fveZ `xby Nywgq coQ KLb h|
gvSivZ Nyg fO `xby Lye fq cq Mj| c_g LvwbKY m eySZ cvi bv, Kv_vq q
AvQ| hLb eySZ cvij myej`i evsjvNi-fqUv iy njv ZLywb|

Dwbk kv GKvi

63

myej`i evwoZ wekvj wZbUv Ni| evwoi wcQb djdjvwii Mnxb evMvb| GKUv euvavbv cyKzi|
Zvi Dci KvQ wcV Kvbv evwo bB| GB iKg GKUv evwoZ `xby GKjv| mvivw`b wKQy
Lvqwb| ZeyI wL` Ui cvq bv| PvL e Ki Lvjv Rvbvjvi cvk co _vK `xby|
klivZ GKUzLvwb Puv` DVwQj ej, Rvbvjv w`q Rvrv Gm Ni XyKwQj ej i| ivZUv
`xbyi KU hvq| bqZv wK h nZv, `xby nq Zv mw`b....
ciw`b evRvi wMq Rwgi PvPvK ai `xby| Rwgi evRvii KvY em wf Ki| fvjv
gvbyl| ZeyI jvK ej Rwgi cvMjv| `xby WvK Rwgi PvPv|
mB Rwgi PvPvK cwUq Gjv `xby| Zvgvi Zv Kv_vI _vKvi RvqMv bB, AvR _K Zzwg
Avgvi m myej`i evsjvNi _vKe| myejiv KD evwo bB| Avwg GLb myej`i evwoi
gvwjK|
myej`i Pj hvIqvi K_v, `k MMvj, wgwjUvwi`i K_v Avi myeji w`w`gvi gyL kvbv
^vaxbZvi K_v meB Rwgi PvPvK ej `xby| Rwgi PvPv PgrKvi jvK| `xbyi K_vq ivwR bv nq
Kx cvi|
mB _K Rwgi PvPv Avi `xby| `yR b my ej`i evsjv Ni _vK| ivZi ejv, w`bi
ejvUv `xby i
KvU G evwo I evwo Ki| Rwgi PvPv _vK evRvi| myeji w`w`gv ej wMqwQjb, Ni Pvj
Wvj me AvQ| ivbv Ki Lvm `xby| Zvi Qgvm hve|
wKZy `xby eo NiUv Lvjwb| `xby ivbv KiZ Rvb bv| Pvj Wvj Zgwb AvQ| AvR `ygvm|
wKZy AvRB Avevi `xbyi gb Lye Lvivc nq Mj|
`ycyii w`K `k w`b ci iv` DVQ `L `xbyi Lye dzwZ| jvdvZ jvdvZ MQ LvKb`i
evwo| LvKbK wbq AvR Lvji Rj Lye muvZvi KvUe feQ| wKZy LvKb`i evwo wMqB
gbUv Lvivc nq Mj|
LvKb`i evwoZ Kgb GKUv mvR mvR ie| LvKbi me fvBevb RvgvKvco ci QyUvQywU
KiQ| LvKbi gv Gw`K Iw`K Nvivdiv KiQb, GK GK K_v ejQb IK AviK K_v|
LvKb`i evwoi mB Lvj, mLvb GKUv eo QBAjv bKv euvav| gvwSiv LvKb`i me
evPKv-eyPwK bKvq ZzjQ| wK evcvi, LvKbiv me hvq Kv_v ?
`xby AevK nq LvKbi gvK wRm Ki, Lvjv Kv_vq hvQ Zvgiv ?
LvKbi gv `ytLx Mjvq ejjb, eKzjZjx hvwQi `xby| Avgvi eo fvBqi evwo|
Kb ?

64

Avb` cvV

Igv ZzB Rvwbm bv, kni wgwjUvwi Gm MQ| mevB kni Qo cvjvQ| wgwjUvwi me jvKRb
gi dje|
`xby fq cq ejj, ZvB bvwK, Ke GmQ ?
Kvj mvq| nvB zj Kvc KiQ| ew-ev`jv wQj ej eivqwb| AvR iv` DVQ,
`Lwe LvwbK ev`B, eiye| Zvici hvK cve ZvKB gvie| ZzBI Pj hv Kv_vI|
`xby AevK nq ejj Avwg Kv_vq hve ? GB knii evBi Avgvi Kvbv Pbv gvbyl bB| Kvi
KvQ hve|
LvKbi gv GKUz ivMx| GB kni GB GKRb gvbyl, `xby hvK Lye fq cvq| ZeyI GB gyn~Z
mvnm Ki ejj, Lvjv AvgvK Zvgv`i m be ?
Kv_vq ?
eKzjZjx|
b LvKbi gv GKUz Mxi nq hvb| Zvici `xNkvm dj ejb, evev `xby, Avgvi fvB Lye
Mwie gvbyl| evwoZ GKUv Ni| Zvi eo msmvi, Ni RvqMv nq bv| Zvi Dci Avgiv GZvjv
jvK| Kv_vq _vKe, Kgb Ki _vKe Rvwb bv| GB Aevq ZvK Kgb Ki be evc|
LvKbi gv AuvPj PvL gvQb| `L `xbyiI PvL fi Avm Rj|
LvKbi gv `xbyi gv_vq nvZ ivLb| gb Lvivc Kwim b evc| Avwg `vqv Kwi, Zvi wKQy ne
bv| GZ my`i Qj ZzB, GZ fvjv| Zvi Mvq KD nvZ `e bv|
Zvici bKvq wMq IVb| LvKbiv me AvMB bKvq DV emwQj, gv DVvi m mB
gvwSiv eVv djj Lvji Rj| welY `xby gb Lvivc Ki `uvwoq iBj Lvjcvo mv`v ej
gvwUi Ici|
ZLb mB gd^j kni PgrKvi iv`| Pviw`Ki k~b evwoNi iv`i Avjvq SKgK KiQ|
Lvji Rj, elvi avbx gvV iv` Avi nvIqvi Ljv| KvQ Kv_vI Kvbv avbx gvVi fZi
bgQ Kvov cvwL| Zvi KziKzi GKUvbv WvK kvbv hvq| Lvjcvo `uvwoq `xby fve- meviB
Kv_vI bv Kv_vI hvIqvi RvqMv AvQ| Kej Zvi bB|
eyK Kvwcq GKUv `xNkvm co `xbyi| Zvici gb Lvivc Ki Lvjcvo ai GKvwK nuvUZ _vK|
Kv_vI Kvbv jvKRbi wP bB, mvov bB| w`bi ejvUvK gb nq ivZ `ycyi| mevB
NygyQ| wKy `xby GLb Kv_vq hve ?

Dwbk kv GKvi

65

ZLb Rwgi PvPvi K_v gb co `xbyi| Rwgi PvPv mKvjejv ew gv_vq ewiq MQ| GLb
wbqB evRvii KvY em wfv KiQ| `xby fve, Rwgi PvPvK wMq wgwjUvwii K_v eje|
Zvici Rwgi PvPvi m Kv_vI Pj hve| Rwgi PvPvi wbq Kv_vI hvIqvi RvqMv AvQ| Avi
Rwgi PvPv hw` hvq, `xbyK dj hZ cvie bv|
wKy ZviciB `xbyi gb nq, knii Kv_vI Kvbv jvK bB AvR| evRvi Kx emQ ? mevB
cvjvj `vKvwbivI cvjve| Avi `vKvwbiv cvjvj Rwgi PvPvI cvjve| wKy `xbyK dj Kx
Rwgi PvPv cvjvZ cvi? `ygvm ai GK m AvQ|
`xbyi gv_vi fZi QvULvU GKUv wMU jM hvq|
Lvji IcviB nvB zj Rwgi PvPvi K_v fveZ fveZ zji KvQvKvwQ Gm MQ, ZLb wVK
ZLwb wgwjUvwii ga GKRb Zvi wbkvbv wVK AvQ wKbv `Lvi Rb Lvji Icvi _K `xbyK
ZvK Ki| AUvgwUK ivBdj wKQy eyS DVvi AvMB `xby `L GKi ci GK Avbi
ggvwQ QyU AvmQ Zvi w`K| Avi gv_vi Ici mviv knii KvK Kv Kv KiQ|
`ynvZ eyK Pc ai `xby| `L `k Avyji duvK duvKo w`q Rvqvii Rji gZv bg
hvQ i| Lvjcvoi mv`v gvwU jvj nq hvQ|
AvZ axi gvwUZ jywUq co `xby| PvL `yUv fxlY UvbwQj Zvi| ZLywb `kUv `LZ cvq
I| Zvi eyKi i Zwi nqQ wekvj j^v GK Lvj| mB Lvj eq wdi AvmQ nvRvi nvRvi
QBAjv bKv| c_g bKvq myejiv| myeji eywo w`w`gv em AvQb QBqi fZi| Zvi
cQbi bKvq LvKbiv| cwZwU bKv _K fm AvmQ Djvmi k| `L `xbyi h Kx
Lywk| mevB wdi AvmQ| Zvnj GB Kx ^vaxbZv ! myeji w`w`gv ejwQjb|
^vaxbZvi K_v fe `xbyi VuvU evsjv`ki gvbwPi gZv my`i GK UyKiv nvwm dzUwQj|
KD Zv `Lwb|

jLK-cwiwPwZ
evsjv`ki wewk mvwnwZK Bg`v`yj nK wgjb| wZwb 1955 mvji 8B m^i gywM
Rjvi wegcyi RbMnY Kib| Zuvi wcZvi bvg wMqvm Dwb Lvb Ges gvZvi bvg Avbvqviv
eMg| Zuvi cZK evwo gywM Rjvi jnRs DcRjvi cvkv Mvg|
XvKvi Mvwiqv nvBzj _K wZwb GmGmwm cvk Kib| GBPGmwm I Abvmmn vZK wWMx
ARb Kib XvKvi RMbv_ KjR _K|

66

Avb` cvV

Zuvi c_g M cKvwkZ 1973 mvj| Mi bvg wQj ez| G chZ Zvi cKvwkZ MmsLv
140wU| Gi ga DjLhvM njv: b~iRvnvb, civaxbZv, cievm, f~wgcy, KvjvNvov, wbibi
Kvj, `kfvMi ci BZvw`|
wZwb 1992 mvj evsjv GKvWgx cyivimn wewfb cyivi jvf Kib|

cvV-cwiwPwZ
gd^j kni evm Ki Abv_ `xby| m wn`y bv gymjgvb m K_v Rvb bv| Kgb Ki GB kni
GmQ ZvI m Rvbbv| Zvi evev-gv K, Zv`i cwiPq Kx, wKQyB Zvi Rvbv bB|
`xbyi eqm `k eQi| Zvi gyL I PvL `yUv Lye my`i| cw_exZ Zvi Avcb KD bB ej knii
mevB ZvK fvjvevm Ges Av`i Ki|
knii me evwoZ `xbyi Aeva hvZvqvZ| m KvDK evev WvK, KvDK WvK gv| GB kni
fvBevb, w`w`gv, RvVv, PvPv, gvgv, Lvjv, wcwm BZvw` AvZxqi Afve bB Zvi| Nyg cj h
Kvbv evwoi weQvbvq wMq q co| `xbyK KD evav `q bv|
Dwbk kv GKvi mvji elvKvj GK `ycyi ejv| Uvbv `k w`b ewi ci iv` DVQ|
BZvga myejiv cwievii mKjK wbq cvwKZvwb wgwjUvwi`i fq Pj MQ KjKvZvq|
hvevi mgq myeji w`w`gv `xbyK Zv`i k~b Ni _vKZ ej MQb|
`xby myej`i mv_ KjKvZvq hZ PqwQj| wKZy w`w`gv `xbyK mv_ bqwb| KviY ILvb
I`iB wVKgZv _vKevi e`veZ bB|
myejiv KjKvZv Pj hvevi ci `xby Zv`i k~b Ni wMq _vK| GKv _vKZ fq jvM ej,
Rwgi PvPv Avi `xby `yRb ivZi ejv _vK| `xby Rwgi PvPvi KvQ ej myej`i Pj hvIqvi
K_v, wgwjUvwi`i K_v Ges myeji w`w`gvi gyL kvbv ^vaxbZvi K_v|
iv` DVevi ci `xby wMqwQj LvKb`i evwo| mLvb wMq `L LvKbiv mevB wgwjUvwi`i
fq GKmv_ Zvi eo gvgvi evwo eKzjZjx Pj hvQ| `xby I`i mv_ hZ PqwQj| wKZy
LvKbi gv wbZ mZ nbwb|
LvKbiv wgwjUvwi`i fq kni Qo Pj hvQ| `xbyi hvIqvi Kvbv RvqMv bB ej m
kniB _vK| LvKbiv eo bKvq Ki Pj hvq|

Dwbk kv GKvi

67

`xby Lvji cvo ai nuvUZ nuvUZ fve meviB Kv_vI bv Kv_vI hvIqvi RvqMv AvQ| A_P
Zvi Kvbv RvqMv bB| eyK Kuvwcq `xNkvm co `xbyi| m Rwgi PvPvi LuvR Pj hvq
evRvi| `xby `L, kni Kv_vI Kvbv gvbyl bB| mevB fq cvwjqQ|
`xby Rwgi PvPvi K_v fveZ fveZ nvBzji KvQvKvwQ Avm| wVK ZLbB wgwjUvwi`i GKRb
wbkvbv wVK AvQ wKbv `Lvi Rb Lvji Icvi _K `xbyK ZvK Ki| wjwe `xby gviv hvq|
gZzi c~e m `L Zvi ii Lvj w`q myej I LvKbiv wdi AvmQ Avb`i mv_| mv_
GmQ KvwOZ ^vaxbZv|

kv_ I UxKv
GKvi mvj Dwbk kv GKvi mvj, h eQi evsjv`ki ^vaxbZvi Rb hy nqwQj| gd^j
kni QvU kni| cvov gvwUi Pzjv gvwUi Pzjv cyo hgb Kvjv nq hvq, gNvQb AvKvk
wQj Zgwb Kvjv| Avgb avbngZKvjxb avb, ev GK wekl iKgi avb| _vo dzj ei
nIqvi c~e avb MvQi WMv gvUv nq| GB Aevi bvg _vo| avbx gvV h gvV avb fiv|
^ci gZv wi ^c hgb PjvPj Ki bv Zgb| fvevPvKv evKv eb hvIqv| RMr
msmvi cw_exZ| wUwU Rovmov| Aeva webv evavq| cU cyi cU fi| KjKvZv
fviZeli cwg evsjv ivRi ivRavbx kni| Dwbk k GKvi mvji gnvb gywhyi mgq e
evOvwj GB kni Avkq wbqwQj| _g_g Mxi| evPKv-eyPwK Kvco Pvco I wRwbmci
evwj| cvj `vwg I bKkv Kiv LvU| wMU euvab ev RwUj| cwg cvwKZvb 1947 mvj
fviZel `yB fvM wef nq ^vaxbZv jvf Ki| GK Aski bvg nq cvwKZvb| mB
cvwKZvbi wQj `ywU Ask- GKwU Aski bvg cwg cvwKZvb| AbwU c~e cvwKZvb| 1971
mvj c~e cvwKZvb A_vr eZgvb evsjv`k gywhyi ga w`q ^vaxbZv ARb Ki| wgwjUvwi
mbvevwnbx| Ave`vi evqbv ev AyZ `vwe| VuvB-wVKvbv _vKevi RvqMv| ^vaxb wbRi
Aaxb, civaxbZv gy nIqv| c~eevsjv AL evsjvi c~e Ask| MvbvbwZ wnmve-wbKvk|
evsjvNi eVKNi| djdjvwi wewfb aibi dj| Mnxb Mfxi| euvavbv cyKzi h cyKzii
NvU euvavbv _vK| Kvc mbvevwnbxi Avqx NuvwU| eo msmvi AbK m`mi cwievi|
welY `ytwLZ, vb| Kvov cvwL wekl aibi cvwL| KziKzi Kvov cvwLi WvK| eyK
Kuvwcq Mfxi K| wbkvbv w`K wbw`, j wbw` Kiv| ZvK j Kiv| AUvgwUK
ivBdj ^qswq e`yK| Avbi ggvwQ e`yKi wj| j^v `xN| Djvm Avb`,
Avnjv`|

68

Avb` cvV

Abykxjbx
ewbevPwb ck
1.

2.

3.

Dwbk kv GKvi Mi jLKK. KvRx bRiyj Bmjvg

L. gvqyb Avng`

M. Bg`v`yj nK wgjb

N. mwjbv nvmb

`xbyi Avgiv KjKvZv hvwQ DwwU Kvi?

K. myeji w`w`gvi

L. `xbyi w`w`gvi

M. LvKbi gvi

N. myeji gvi

Zvi fq bB| ZzB Lye fvjv Qj| ZvK cvwKZvwb mbviv wKQy Kie bv| `k
^vaxb nj Avgiv wdi Avme| w`w`gvi GB DwwUZ dzU DVQi. `xbyi cwZ Mfxi ggZeva
ii. `xbyi cwZ wg_ mvZbv
iii. `xbyK mv_ bv wbZ cvivi K

wbPi KvbwU mwVK?

K. i

L. ii

M. i I ii

N. ii I iii

wbPi AbyQ`wU co 4 I 5bs cki Di `vI|

Zvici gb Lvivc Ki Lvjcvo ai GKvKx nuvUZ _vK| Kv_vI Kvbv jvKRbi wP bB|
w`bi ejvUvK gb nq ivZ `ycyi| mevB NygyQ|
4.

5.

AbyQ` e Abyf~wZwU Kvi?

K. jLKi
M. LvKbi gvi

L. Rwgi PvPvi
N. `xbyi

w`bi ejvUvK gb nq ivZ `ycyi| G Aevi KviY nQi. cvK mbvi AvMgb
ii. mevBK nvivbv e_v
iii. elvKvji Nvi ew

Dwbk kv GKvi

69

wbPi KvbwU mwVK?

K. i

L. ii

M. i I ii

N. ii I iii

mRbkxj ck
1.

dviRvbv Dwbk kv GKvi MwU Qj KvgvjK co bvwQjb| Kvgvj gvi K_vi

duvK duvK GKvii bvbv welq ck Ki| wZwb AwfZvi AvjvK Gme cki Reve
`b| M AvjvwPZ `xbyi mnR mij Rxeb| w`w`gv, LvKb`i KjKvZv I eKzjZjvi
Dk hvv, cvK-evwnbxi bksmZv eYbv Kib| GK chvq Kvgvj ej IV gv,
Avwg Avi bZ PvB bv| wZwb eySZ ciQb, cvK-evwnbxi cwZ Qji gb cP
ivM I NYv mw nqQ| Aekl GK cvK-mbvi wjZ `xbyi cvY wemRbi K_v
ejZ wMq KvgvjK eyK Rwoq ai Kuv`Z Kuv`Z ejb, evev Zvgiv `xbyi gZv
Amnvq wk`i fvjvevme|
K. Dwbk kv GKvi Mi g~j Pwii bvg Kx ?
L. `xbyi cwiPq eYbv Ki|
M. cvK-evwnbxi cwZ Kvgvji NYv I ivMi KviY evLv Ki|
N. Zvgiv `xbyi gZv Amnvq wk`i fvjvevme Mi AvjvK DwwU weklY
Ki|

wePvi bB
Avgxiyj Bmjvg

ev`kvni KwVb AmyL| mvivw`b wZwb weQvbvq q _vKb| kixi `yej nq hvPQ| K^i xY
nPQ| gb Kvbv myL bB| KvRKg KiZ cvib bv| euP _vKvi Avi Kvbv Avkv bB Zuvi|
ev`kvn eySjb, gZy Zuvi `yqvi Gm nvbv w`qQ| `i`iv _K wPwKrmKiv Gjv|
bvbviKgi Ilya w`j| wKy wKQyZB Kvbv DcKvi nq bv|
mKjB Lye wPwZ|

wePvi bB

71

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72

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DjLhvM LvgLqvwj (1984), hvQZvB (1987), ivRvKvii Qov (1990), Avgvi Qov
(1992), wejvB (1997), exi evOvwji Qov (1997), Puv` DVQ dzj dzUQ (1997)|
QvU`i Rb iwPZ MMjv njv : Avwg mvZUv (1985), GK h wQj (1986), `k iKg
`kUv (1989), mvKvmi evN (1989), fZ Gj kni (1992), Avwg Iqvb Avwg Uy
(1992), Avwg GKw`b wcucuo nq wMqwQjvg (1997), gywhyi wKkvi M (1997)|
QvU`i Rb ek KqKwU DcbvmI wZwb wjLQb| AwPb hv`yNi (1985), Avgv`i
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76

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Avb` cvV

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