HNG DN VIT BN M T SNG CH

BN M T SNG CH
1. Tn Sng ch
2. Lnh vc k thut c cp
3. Tnh trng k thut ca sng ch
4. Bn cht k thut ca sngch
5. M t vn tt cc hnh v
6. M t chi tit sng ch
7. V d thc hin sng ch
8. Hiu qu ca sng ch/ Nhng li ch sng ch t c
9. Yu cu bo h
10. Bn tm tt sng ch
Tn sng ch
a) Yu cu:
Phi ph hp vi bn cht ca i tng yu cu bo h, tc l ph
hp vi i tng sng ch nu trong yu cu bo h.
Phi tng ng vi phm vi bo h. iu ny c ngha l nu yu cu bo
h bao gm nhiu i tng khc nhau th tn sng ch phi phn nh
iu . V d: Yu cu bo h gm cht, phng php sn xut cht v
thit b sn xut cht th tn sng ch phi l : Cht, phng php
v thit b sn xut cht hoc cht, phng php sn xut cht v thit
b thc hin phng php ny.
Khng nn cha cc du hiu mi ca sng ch. S d c khuyn co
ny v mt s nc sau khi c ng k th sng ch c cng b tn
ngay. Do , ai quan tm h c th da vo cc du hiu thc
hin sng ch theo tng b bc l trong tn sng ch.
Phi thuc v chng loi, tc l thuc v tn i tng ang c dng
ph bin v trng vi tn i tng nu trong Yu cu bo h v trong
T khai v cc ti liu khc ca n. S d c quy nh ny l do phi
thng bo cho x hi v i tng c hon thin bi sng ch
nhm trnh nghin cu trng lp.
Phi ngn gn, r rng v khng mang tnh qung co. Ging nh tiu
ca bi bo.

b) Cch t tn
Nu sng ch lin quan n sn phm hoc quy trnh m c tn ang
c s dng ph bin th nn ly ngay tn m khng cn phi t tn
mi.
Nu sng ch lin quan n sn phm hoc quy trnh mi ln u tin
c to ra th nn t tn theo chc nng, v d: Dng c ct chng hn.
Tn sng ch ph thuc phi trng vi tn sng ch c bn.
Lnh vc k thut c cp
a) Yu cu
Phi ch ra lnh vc k thut c th m sng ch lin quan n hoc lnh
vc m sng ch c s dng. Lnh vc ny phi ph hp vi lnh vc
theo phn loi sng ch quc t.
b) Chc nng
Xc nh lnh vc m trong sng ch c s dng khng nh kh
nng p dng ca n.
Phc v cho vic phn loi sng ch mt cch nhanh chng v chnh xc.
Nu khng phn loi chnh xc sng ch th s khng tm ra c i
chng phc v cho vic xt nghim n. iu c th dn n kt qu xt
nghim sai lch gy hu qu bt li cho ngi np n.
c) Cch th hin:
Ni chung, lm vic ny nn nu tn sng ch v du hiu xc nh
lnh vc s dng n b sung, gii thch tn sng ch.
V d: Sng ch my c s dng xp cc hp ng hp sau khi
c y vo hm dng cho ngnh cng nghip thc phm v c th c s
dng cho cc nh my ng gi hp.
Nu tn sng ch xc nh c bn cht k thut ln lnh vc s dng
n, nh cn trc thp xy dng, th nn th hin phn ny nh sau: Sng
ch cp n cc loi cn trc thp xy dng.
Nu sng ch l sng ch b sung cho mt sng ch c cp Patent
hay n ng k no th phn ny nn c th hin nh sau:
Trong Patent c bn (nu s Patent) hoc n (nu s n) c m t
ct thy lc c lc cn c nh, du hiu van mt chiu t trong pittng
ng knh ln l du hiu c bn.

Tnh trng k thut ca sng ch

a) Yu cu:
Phi nu mt hoc mt s gii php k thut bit trng vi i tng
nu trong n v bn cht k thut v mc ch, tc l hiu qu t
c, hoc cng gii quyt mt vn nh sng ch, ch ra cc du hiu
c bn ca chng v cc nhc im ca cc gii php ny v nguyn
nhn ca chng m s c sng ch khc phc mt phn hoc ton b.
Phi ch ra ngun thng tin v chng (nh s Patent, nc cp, tn n
phm, tc gi, nh xut bn v ni xut bn, s trang c th, v.v.).
b) Cch th hin:
C hai cch trnh by phn ny. Cch th nht: nu tng gii php k
thut, cc du hiu c bn ca n v ch ra nhc im v nguyn nhn
ca chng. Cch th hai: nu tt c cc gii php k thut mt cch
tng th v sau ch ra nhc im chung v ring ca chng.
Phi chn ra trong s cc gii php , mt gii php k thut m Ngi
np n cho l gn nht, tc l trn c s gii php sng ch nu trong
n c to ra.
i vi cc i tng sng ch khc nhau yu cu th hin phn ny
l khc nhau.
Nu l c cu th phi m t c cu , tc l phi ch ra cc du
hiu kt cu v cch hot ng ca n hoc cch s dng n, i
khi cn phi m t ti sao, nhm mc ch cng ngh no m cn
n thit b . Sau , ch ra cc nhc im ca n, ng thi
ch ra nguyn nhn ca chng m c th s c khc phc bi c
cu nu trong n.
Nu gii php k thut bit l quy trnh th nu cc cng on
c thc hin theo trnh t v ch ra cc thng s cn thit thc
hin tng cng on. Sau , ch ra nhc im ca gii php v
nguyn nhn gy ra nhc im m c th s c khc phc bi
quy trnh nu trong n.
Nu gii php k thut bit lin quan n cht th cn m t cc
thnh phn, thm ch c cng thc, cng nh cc tnh cht ch yu v
nhc im ca cht .
Nu khng c thng tin v cc gii php k thut bit th trong
phn ny phi ghi r iu .

Trng hp ny c th l sng ch nu trong n hon ton mi, tc l ln u tin

n c to ra, hoc n thay th cc gii php k thut ang tn ti m khng phi
l hon thin chng.
c) Chc nng:
Gip cho ngi np n kim tra li tng ca mnh;
Gip cho ngi np n khng nh li xem c nhu cu v sng ch hay
khng;
Gip cho xt nghim vin hiu, tra cu v xt nghim sng ch (y c
th l phn duy nht ca bn m t m xt nghim vin c);
M t tt phn ny s c gi tr thuyt phc trong vic :
+ Ku gi u t v k kt hp ng li-xng;
+ Gip xt nghim vin v thm phn hiu r tm quan trng ca sng
ch, v vn v cch thc m sng ch gii quyt cng nh cc u
im ca sng ch so vi gii php k thut bit.
Bn cht k thut ca sng ch
a) Yu cu:
Phi nu c mc ch ca sng ch, tc l kt qu no x hi s nhn c
nh sng ch. Kt qu ny l nhng li ch kinh t - x hi t c cao
hn khi s dng sng ch so vi vic s dng gii php k thut bit gn
nht nu trong phn Tnh trng k thut ca sng ch.
Mc ch ca sng ch phi c th hin mt cch khch quan, c th,
khng c nu chung chung v khng c mang tnh qung co v
phi lin quan nhn qu vi cc du hiu c bn khc bit ca sng ch nu
trong bn m t;
Phi nu c bng cch no, tc l phi ch ra bng phng tin k thut
g m nh sng ch c xut t c mc ch ra.
b) Cch th hin:
p ng c cc yu cu nu trn, phn ny thng c trnh by
bng cch trc tin nu mc ch ca sng ch, v d: Mc ch ca
sng ch l..., tip n c th trnh by tip theo hai phng n:
Ch ra cc du hiu c bn khc bit ca n so vi gii php k
thut gn nht. V d: t c mc ch nu trn, c cu
(cht, quy trnh) theo sng cho bao gm (nu cc du hiu khc bit
ca n so vi gii php k thut gn nht;
Nu tt c cc du hiu c bn chung cho sng ch v gii php k
thut bit, ri nu tip cc du hiu c bn khc bit ca sng

ch. V d: t c mc ch nu trn, c cu (cht, quy trnh)

theo sng ch bao gm (nu cc du hiu c bn chung), c cu (cht,
quy trnh) ny cn c thm (nu cc du hiu c bn khc).
Nu n c mt s i tng bo m tnh thng nht ca sng ch
th sau khi nu cc du hiu c bn khc bit ca i tng th nht phi
ln lt nu cc du hiu c bn khc ca cc i tng tip theo.
Nu n c mt i tng nhng c th hin theo cc phng n
khc nhau th trc tin phi nu cc du hiu c bn khc ca i
tng theo phng n th nht. Tip , ln lt nu cc du hiu ca
i tng theo cc phng n tip theo, ng thi phi ch ra u im
ca sng ch theo tng phng n.
Nu n gm mt i tng tng th v mt hoc mt s bin php
ca n th bn cht k thut ca sng ch phi c th hin sao cho c
th hiu c cc nhim v t ra cho tng i tng.
M t vn tt cc hnh v
Hnh v, s (nu cn) nhm gip cho vic hiu sng ch tr nn d dng hn
a) Yu cu:
Phi c trnh by thnh ti liu ring ca n;
Phi c th hin theo cc quy nh v v k thut;
Phi c th hin bng cc ng nt mu en, bn mu, r nt, khng t
mu trn giy trng khng c dng k;
T l ca hnh v v r nt ca cc chi tit phi c thc hin sao cho
khi sao chp vi thu nh 2/3 vn phn bit c cc chi tit trn ;
Ch c th hin cng vi cc k hiu ch dn (khng trong ngoc
hoc khoanh trn) d nhn hnh v m khng c ghi kch thc, cha cc
ch, tr trng hp cn thit gii thch nhng phi ngn gn nh nc,
hi, m, ng, v.v;
C th trnh by nhiu hnh v trn mt trang giy. Nu cc hnh v to nn
mt hnh v thng nht c b tr trn nhiu trang th chng phi c b tr
sao cho hnh v c th ghp li m khng mt bt c phn no ca cc hnh
v trn cc trang khc nhau;
Cc hnh v ring bit cn c nh s th t bng ch s rp v khng
ph thuc vo s th t trang;
Cc hnh v phi ph hp vi nhau v vi cc ti liu ca n, c bit l
bn m t , c bit l v cc k hiu ch dn nhm trnh gy ra s hiu sai
lch sng ch. iu ny c ngha l mi chi tit nht nh phi tng ng vi
mt k hiu ch dn trn tt c cc hnh v v trong ton b cc ti liu ca
n;

Cc k hiu ch dn khng c nhc n trong bn m t khng c ghi

trn hnh v v ngc li.
Trong trng hp hnh v l cn thit gip cho vic hiu c sng ch
mt cch d dng hn th phn ny c trnh by ngay tip sau phn
Bn cht k thut ca sng ch. Phn ny cn c trnh by mt cch
ngn gn bng cch lit k cc hnh v v gii thch chng mt cch ngn
gn.
Phn ny thng c trnh by nh sau : sng ch c hiu mt
cch d dng hn, cc hnh v sau th hin sng ch theo cc phng n
khc nhau, trong :
- H.1 l hnh v phi cnh ca thit b theo mt phng n ca sng ch;
- H.2 l hnh v mt ct theo ng A-A trn H.1, v.v.
M t chi tit sng ch
a) Yu cu:
Phi m t sng ch bng cc du hiu c trng ca n sao cho ngi c
hiu bit trung bnh trong ngnh c th thc hin c sng ch v phi tng
ng vi yu cu bo h.
b) Cch trnh by:
Trong phn ny, nu bn m t c cc thut ng c dng ln u tin
hoc khng thng dng th phi c an gii thch cc thut ng .
Ty thuc vo tng i tng sng ch (c cu, cht, quy trnh) phn ny
c trnh by nh sau:
i vi c cu :
Trc ht, c cu phi c m t theo kt cu, tc l trng thi tnh bng
cch da vo hnh v lit k cc chi tit (cm chi tit) km theo cc s ch dn
gn cho chng c gii thch chc nng ca chng, mi lin quan gia
chng; ng thi phi ch ra cc c im kt cu, c im cng ngh
ch to chi tit (cm chi tit), nu cn. Lu rng, s ch dn ca tng chi
tit (cm chi tit) trong phn m t ny ca bn m t phi trng hon ton
vi s ch dn trn hnh v biu th chi tit v chng khng c trong
ngoc hoc khoanh trn.
Sau , c cu phi c m t trng thi hot ng ca n hoc cch s
dng n bng cch ch ra cc chi tit tc ng tng h vi nhau nh th
no. c bit, cn m t mt cch c th, t m v r rng s hot ng ca
cc chi tit, cm cc chi tit mi ca sng ch khin cho n p ng c

tiu chun trnh sng to.

Lu rng, trong phn ny cc s ch dn biu th cc chi tit, cm chi tit
khng c thay i.
i vi cht :
Ty thuc vo tng loi cht m phn ny c trnh by theo cc cch
khc nhau:
i vi hp cht ha hc c th: Nu c c trng bng cng thc cu
to th chng cn c m t bng cch a ra cng thc c gii thch cc k
hiu i km vi n v phng php iu ch hp cht cng nh cc c tnh
(tnh cht khc ca n) v ch ra cng dng c th ca hp cht ny.
i vi hp cht khng r cu trc: Phi trnh by cc du hiu c th
nhn bit c chng nh cc hng s l-ha, cc tnh cht cm quan (mi v,
mu sc, v.v.) cc d liu v quang ph, cc tnh cht l-ha khc (trng thi vt
l, ha tan, im si, im nng chy, v.v.), cc tnh cht c bit khc, cng
nh cch thu c n.
i vi cht thu c bng phng php ha l: Phi nu thnh phn nh
tnh v nh lng cc hp phn cu thnh cht ny; ng thi phi m t trng
thi vt l (lng, rn, kh) ca cc hp phn v trng thi vt l ca thnh phm.
Tip n, m t phng php to ra cht ny, bng cch ch ra cc bc
cn c thc hin v trnh t cng nh iu kin thc hin tng bc
.
i vi quy trnh :
Trong phn ny cn phi lit k cc cng on/nguyn cng ca quy
trnh v ch ra trnh t thc hin chng, iu kin c th cn thit
thc hin cng on/nguyn cng , tc l cc ch , thit b, cht
dng cho cng on/nguyn cng.
V d thc hin sng ch
S d c phn ny l nhm chng minh kh nng p dng cng nghip ca
sng ch v kh nng t c mc ch ra, cng nh nhm chng
minh trnh sng to ca sng ch, c bit l i vi cht s dng cc
thnh phn bit.

V nguyn tc, mt v d l bn m t p ng yu cu bc l y
, nhng nu ni dung sng ch rng th cng nhiu v d cng tt tng
tnh thuyt phc cho xt nghim vin v nhng ngi c lin quan cng nh
trnh khng cho i th cnh tranh i vng sng ch.
Nu yu cu bo h c cc du hiu l thng s th trong phn ny phi
ch ra bng phng php no cc thng s c o, tr trng hp
ngi trong ngnh bit cch o cc thng s hoc tt c cc phng
php o u cho kt qu nh nhau.
Nu cn cng thc tnh tan chng minh cc kt qu thu c bng l
thuyt th phi gii thch cc k hiu ca cng thc.
Nu i tng ca thun ty ch l c cu hoc phng php th phn ny
ch phi nu nu cn thit m t lm r hn v mt hoc mt s hnh thc
s dng SC/GPHI thch hp nht v nhng kh nng s dng c bit cng
nh nhng u th s dng ni bt ca SC/GPHI.
Nu i tng ca SC/GPHI l cht hoc thuc loi kt hp cc i
tng trong c mt i tng l cht th phn ny bt buc phi c. Trong
trng hp ny cn phi nu ti thiu 03 VD thc hin SC/GPHI sao cho
mi thnh phn cu thnh cht phi c th hin 03 im t l phn
trm gm hai im gii hn v mt im khong gia ca khong t l
phn trm ca n trong cht.
Hiu qu ca sng ch/ Nhng li ch sng ch t c
Yu cu bo h:
Bn yu cu bo h nhm xc nh phm vi, khi lng bo h ca
SC/GPHI cn phi c trnh by ngn gn, r rng v phi ph hp vi
nhng m t th hin trong bn m t chi tit. Yu cu bo h c th
gm mt hoc nhiu im, trong c th c mt hoc mt s im
c lp v mt hoc mt s im ph thuc. Cc xc nh im c lp
v ph thuc l :
im c lp: l im yu cu bo h ring cho mt i tng
nht nh ca SC/GPHI mang nhng du hiu c bn nht cu thnh
i tng. S im c lp c xc nh theo s i tng ca
SC/GPHI hoc theo s phng n thc hin SC/GPHI nu cc phng
n ny c bn cht k thut c lp nhau.
im ph thuc: l im yu cu bo h m rng cho mt im c
lp ni trn.

Cch vit bn yu cu bo h nh sau:

Mi im yu cu bo h phi c vit ring thnh mt on v c nh s
th t u.
Nu l im c lp:
u tin nu cc du hiu c bn cn thit xc nh nn i tng
theo SC/GPHI m cc du hiu ny trng vi cc du hiu c bn ca cc gii
php k thut bit ( nu phn tnh trng k thut ca SC/GPHI
bn m t chi tit).
Tip theo l phn trnh by ngn gn nhng du hiu khc bit c trng
ca i tng theo SC/GPHI bng cch bt u bng cc cm t khc bit
ch hoc c trng ch v nu ra cc du hiu ny.
Lu : Cc du hiu khc bit c trng c nu phi l cc du hiu cn v
phn bit SC/GPHI vi nhng gii php k thut bit v c th t c
mc ch m SC/GPHI ra.
Nu l im ph thuc: u tin cn nu tn i tng theo mt im
c lp no , tip theo l nu ra cc du hiu cn thit m rng hoc
pht trin i tng .
Bn tm tt
a) Yu cu
Phi ch ra lnh vc m trong sng ch c s dng hoc lin quan
n;
Phi c tn sng ch;
Phi nu bt c bn cht ca sng ch bng cch ch ra cc du hiu
khc bit c bn;
Khng c cha thng tin qung co;
Khng c qu 150 t;
C th cha cng thc ha hoc hoc hnh v c trng gip hiu r
sng ch hn.
b) Chc nng:
Cung cp thng tin tm tt v n xt nghim vin v nhng ngi c
lin quan a ra quyt nh xem c nn c ton vn cc ti liu ca n
khng.
Khng mang tnh cht php l v n, tc l n khng c dng gii
thch phm vi bo h.