Chinese Journal of Psychology

2008, Vol. 50, No. 2, 201-221

97502201-221

07B182007 8 2 2007 12 7 2008 2 12

2008 3 16
11170E-mail: wu5815@ms15.hinet.net

223

Duffy, Ganster,
& Pagon, 2002

Keashly, Trott, & MacLean, 1994; Robinson

& Bennett, 1995
abusive supervision

Kelloway,
Sivanathan, Francis, & Barling, 2005; Tepper, 2000,
2007

Aryee, Chen, Sun, &

Debrah, 2007; Duffy et al., 2002; Dupr, Inness, Connelly,
Barling, & Hoption, 2006; Mitchell & Ambrose, 2007;
Tepper, 2000; Zellars, Tepper, & Duffy, 2002

NSC 95-2413-H-031-006

202

Tepper, 2007; Tepper, Uhl-Bien et al., 2006

Maslach, 1982
Witt,
Andrews, & Carlson, 2004; Wright & Cropanzano,
1998

Tepper2000
justice perception

emotional labor

Grandey, 2000; Hochschild, 1983;

Morris & Feldman, 1996

( 1 )

Brotheridge & Grandey, 2002; Glomb & Tews,

2004; Grandey, 2003; Totterdell & Holman, 2003

2006bGrandey, 2000

( 2 )
cognitive appraisal

coping

Folkman, 1984; Portello & Long,

2001

Cropanzano,
Goldman, & Benson III, 2005

Folkman, Lazarus, Dunkel-Schetter, DeLongis,

& Gruen, 1986

b o u n d a r i e s Te p p e r
2000perceived
job mobility

Aryee, Chen, Sun, & Debrah, 2006; Tepper,

2000
Morris & Feldman, 1996
social construction
Fiol,
,
O Connor, & Aguinis, 2001

Tepper2000abusive
supervision

p.178

actor
target
Fox & Spector, 2005

KeashlyKeashly, 1998; Keashly et al., 1994

emotional abuse

Tepper
2000

Tepper, 2000
Tepper
2000(1)

(2)

Buss, 1961; LeBlanc & Barling,

2005

Bjorkqvist, Osterman, & HjeltBack, 1994; Keashly et al., 1994

Keashly, 1998; Keashly & Harvey, 2005Keashly

Tepper2000

Duffy et
al., 2002; Dupr et al., 2006; Mitchell & Ambrose, 2007;
Tepper, 2000; Zellars et al., 2002
Tepper2000justice theory

organizational justice

203

( 1 )
distributive injustice

( 2 )
procedural injustice

(3)interactional injustice

Zohar1995
dynamic role theory
role sender

limiting
conditions

VermuntSteensma
2001injustice-stress
theory
gap

internalized norm

Tepper, 2000Taris
PeetersLeBlancSchaufeliSchreurs2001

Tepper2001

204

KaustoEloLipponenElovainio2005
1443

Va n
DierendonckSchaufeliSixma1994567

H1a

1.

Fisher & Ashkanasy, 2000

Morris & Feldman, 1996; Rafaeli & Sutton,

1987; Tsai, 2001

2006aSchaubroeck & Jones, 2000

2006b
Grandey, 2000; Hochschild, 1983
Hochschild1983

Beal, Trougakos, Weiss, &

Green, 2006; Brotheridge & Grandey, 2002; Diefendorff,
Croyle, & Gosserand, 2005; Glomb, Kammeyer-Mueller,
& Rotundo, 2004; Rupp & Spencer, 2006

affective delivery
Barger & Grandey, 2006; Pugh, 2002

Ashforth & Humphrey,

1993

2006a

Ashforth & Humphrey, 1993; Morris & Feldman,

1996

Wilk & Moynihan, 2005

expression of positive emotion

suppression of
negative emotion
2006a ; Schaubroeck & Jones, 2000

2003

2002

conservation of resource, COR

Hobfoll, 1989; Hobfoll & Shirom, 2001

psychological distress

205

BrotheridgeLee2002

236
Wilk
Moynihan2005

948

H1b

2.
power

Farmer & Aguinis, 2005;

,
Fiol, O Connor, & Aguinis, 2001

coercive powerreward power

legitimate powerFrench & Raven, 1959

resource dependence

Farmer & Aguinis,

2005; Pfeffer, 1981

Morris & Feldman, 1996

Ashforth & Lee, 1997

response
modificationGrandey
& Brauburger, 2002; Gross, 1998
emotional
dissonanceHochschild, 1983

H2

(1)

206

EMBA
( 2 )
289
23179.93%
223
77.16%

32.3%
18.4%
9.9%8.1%
7.6%6.7%
44.8%54.7%58.7%

51.6%
23.3%
22.4%3.1%
46.2%19.7%17.9%
11.7%6.05
5.703.26
3.24

1.
Tepper2000
15
(1)
(2)
( 3 ) ( 4 )
( 5 ) ( 6 )
back
translation

,
Cronbach s .92
2.
N i e h o ffM o o r m a n
1993

4
4

6
14

(1)(2)(3)(4)
( 5 ) ( 6 )

,
Cronbach s .94
3.

2006bSchaubroeckJones2000
3

(1)
(2)(3)(4)
( 5 ) ( 6 )

,
Cronbach s .86
4.
Tepper2000
TepperMaslach
Maslach Burnout Inventory, MBIMaslach &
Jackson, 19816
(1)
( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 )

,
Cronbach s .84
5.
Ashforth 1997
3

(1)(2)(3)
(4)(5)(6)
,
Cronbach s
.81

207

6.

1
Pugliesi Shook
1997
MaslachJackson1985

2006b
2002
Kilpatrick1989

Lively, 2000

Stahl &
Caligiuri, 2005
4
1999

2006a
2006
5
Tsai,
2001
2007
Wu & Hu,
2006
6

Mitchell
& Ambrose, 2007

7.

c o m m o n

method variancePodsakoff, MacKenzie, Lee,

& Podsakoff, 2003
Aiken & West, 1991

Podsakoff2003
n e g a t i v e
affectivityWatsonClark
Tellegen 198810
4

Tsai20014
( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 )
(4)
4
1038MBA
410
.92p < .014

Watson1988Tsai
2001general
XX
XX
XX
,
Cronbach s
.83

L I S R E L 8.72

confirmatory factor analysis, CFA

CFA 2
2769, N = 214 = 1892.7

NNFI = .93, NFI = .90, CFI = .94, IFI = .94,

RMSEA=.09, SRMR=.08 Hu & Bentler, 1995
t .01

AndersonGerbing1988

208

1
101
nested model10

10
21, N = 214
30.03326.39

1
r = -.23, p < .01

.22p < .01.18p < .01

-.18p < .01

r = -.14, p < .01

r = .18, p < .01

r = .25, p < .01r =

.51, p < .01

-.49p < .01

-.55p < .01.59p < .01

.28p < .01-.38p < .01.40p <

.01
1.
BaronKenny1986
(1)
( 2 )

(3)

complete mediation

partial mediationKenny, Beashy, & Bolger, 1998

2
( 1 )

-.56p < .01.57

p < .01M1M2(2)

.21p < .01

M3 ( 3 )
M4M5
M6

= -.32, p < .01

= .03, n.s.M4

= .25 , p < .01

= .07, n.s.M5

= -.28 , p <.01
= .18 , p <.01

= -.05, n.s.M6

H1a

H1b

Spector, Zapf, Chen, & Frese, 2000

2M1M6

1.12
0.76

38.90
0.64

2.89
3.94

39.15
2.09

A3

A4

A5

A6

A7

1.15

3.14

B4

.10

-.00

-.04

-.03

-.04

.02

.05

-.08

.18**

.22**

-.16*

.28**

-.03

.18**

A3

-.23** -.18**

.04

-.00

-.03

.02

-.01

.41**

-.04

.42**
-.13*

-.10

.32**

A2

-.12

-.31**

-.20**

A1

.01

.01

-.00

-.08

.09

.02

-.13*

-.15*

A4

.09

.11

-.14*

.13

.06

.03

.04

A5

-.13

-.05

.09

.18**

.03

-.12

A6

.51**

.25**

-.13

.01

.11

(.83)

A7

.28**

.59**

-.55**

.06

(.92)

B1

-.03

.14*

.10

(.81)

B2

-.38**

-.49**

(.94)

B3

.40**

(.86)

B4

(.84)

C1

*p < .05. **p < .01.

1.2.3.4.5.12

Cronbach s 121.2.3.4.5.

C1

0.56

0.88

3.93

B3

2.42

1.10

4.47

B2

0.72

1.82

B1

68.37

72.54

A2

A1

1N = 223

209

210

M1

(R2)
/

(R2)
R2
R2
F

M2

M3

M4

M5

M6

.03
-.22**
-.08
-.02
.06
-.02
.50**
(.35)**

.03
-.22**
-.08
-.02
.06
-.02
.50**
(.35)**

.02
-.01
-.16*
.04
-.14
.13
-.14
(.06)

-.06
.05
.06
-.04
.14
-.09
.26**
(.09)**

.03
-.22**
-.08
-.02
.06
-.02
.50**
(.35)**

.03
-.22**
-.08
-.02
.06
-.02
.50**
(.35)**

-.56**

.57**

.21**

.03
-.32**

(.29)**
.35
.33
13.10**
8,191

(.30)**
.40
.37
15.70**
8,191

(.04)**
.39
.37
15.30**
8,191

(.11)**
.46
.43
17.87**
9,190

.07
.25**
(.08)**
.43
.40
15.79**
9,190

-.05
-.28**
.18**
(.13)**
.48
.45
17.27**
10,189

( ) ( ) R2M1-M6M1
M2
M3M4
M5
M6

*p < .05. **p < .01.

2.

BaronKenny
1986

AikenWest 1991

0
centered to means

= .12, p < .05

= .03, n.s.

211

AikenWest 1991

H2

Edwards Lambert 2007

bootstrap method

total effect moderation model

H2

Edwards Lambert 2007

endogenous
variables
(1)

(R2)

(R2)

(R2)

(R2)
R2
R2
F

( ) ( ) R2

*p < .05. **p < .01.

.02
-.03
-.12
.02
-.17*
.15
(.05)

-.06
.06
.06
-.01
.15
-.10
(.03)

-.55**
(.28)**

.61**
(.35)**

.14*
(.02)*

.13*
(.02)*

.03
(.00)
.35
.32
12.30**
9,205

.12*
(.02)*
.41
.39
15.92**
9,205

212

(2)
(3)

223
with replacement
2331000
233

10001000
bias-correction
percentile

Edwards Lambert
2007Stine 1989
4

4.50
4.00
3.50

3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
100

0.50

0.00

p < .01

p < .01
2
H2

-.18
.14.18

Kenny et al., 1998

4

= .69
= .49
p < .10
95.00, .38
0pp
.05
-.52-.59
3H2

.44
.14p < .05

213

Tepper2000

R2 = .01,
p < .10Tepper

Edwards Lambert 2007

Tepper, 2000

Grandey2000emotional labor
model

Brotheridge & Grandey, 2002; Wilk

& Moynihan, 2005

Tepper2000

.59**
-.56**

.69**
-.52**

.49**
-.59**

.27**
-.26**

.26*
-.21+

.28**
-.30*

-.01
.16**
.14**
.02
.29**

.16

-.18

.18*
.11+
.07
.44**

.14**
.18*
-.04
.14

.20+
.07
-.02
.10
.34
.04
-.07
--.31*

0
+1 (1)
-1(1)

+p < .10. *p < .05. **p < .01.

214

Morris & Feldman, 1996

1
.14p < .05

Stahl
& Caligiuri, 2005

Stahelski & Paynton, 1995

Tsui
& O'Reilly III, 1989

2007

Vecchio & Bullis, 2001

Crampton & Wagner, 1994

(1)

( 2 )
,
Harman s one-factor test

2006Podsakoff et al., 2003

unrotated

32.35%68.01%

(3)Tepper2000

.28-.45-.31-.27Tepper
2000

.36-.39-.38-.40

-.45Tepper2000
-.39
Tepper2000

Tepper2000

eyes of the beholder

Mitchell & Ambrose, 2007

Aryee et al., 2007; Mitchell & Ambrose, 2007;

Tepper, 2000; Tepper, Duffy, Henle, & Lambert, 2006;
Tepper, Duffy, & Shaw, 2001; Zellars et al., 2002
cross-sectional study

Tepper2000

Grandey, 2000Brotheridge
& Lee, 2002

2006bTotterdell & Holman, 2003; Wilk & Moynihan,

2005

215

Hochschild 1983
surface
actingdeep acting

response-focused emotion regulation

selection, modification, appraisal

antecedent-focused emotion regulation

Grandey, 2000; Grandey & Brauburger, 2002

Brotheridge & Grandey, 2002; Grandey,

2003
Brotheridge & Lee, 2002

Hobfoll, 1989; Hobfoll & Shirom,

2001

216

Halbesleben
& Bowler, 2007; Wright & Cropanzano, 1998

Zellars et al., 2002

Aryee et al., 2007

BrotheridgeGrandey 2002

job-focused
emotional labor

employee-focused emotional labor

= 0 +1 +2 +3 +4
+5 +6
+Z7 +Z8
+ZZ9

ZZ

01
-1, -11, -1-1, 11, 1
Z
Z

2.393.57
2.41
4.10

2.393.57
2.414.101

1999

2003

2002

193-49
2006a

4869-87
2006b

95 581-599
2007

49433-450
2006

2006

2377-98
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221

Abusive Supervision and Emotional Exhaustion:

The Mediating Effects of Subordinate Justice Perception
and Emotional Labor
Tsung-Yu Wu
Department of Psychology, Soochow University

,
The current study tries to explore the mediating process from abusive supervision to subordinates emotional
,
exhaustion. Past research has shown that subordinates justice perception mediates the relationship between abusive
supervision and emotional exhaustion. In this study, I further hypothesize that emotional labor serves as another mediator.
In addition, I investigate how the moderating role of perceived supervisory power plays on the relationship between
abusive supervision and the two mediators (justice perception and emotional labor).
Two hundred and twenty three valid questionnaires were collected from full-time employees in Taiwan using
,
survey research techniques. The results show that, after controlling altogether the respondents gender, tenure, rank,
education, gender combination, length of working years, and negative affectivity, abusive supervision predicts emotional
,
,
exhaustion not only through subordinates justice perception, but also through subordinates emotional labor. In addition,
,
subordinates perception of supervisory power is found to moderate the relationship between abusive supervision and
emotional labor, but not the relationship between abusive supervision and justice perception. Finally, abusive supervision
is found to be more strongly related to emotional labor when individuals perceive more supervisory power.
The implications of the findings, limitations, future research directions, and managerial implications are discussed at
the end of this paper.
Keywords: abusive supervision, justice perception, emotional labor, emotional exhaustion, perceived supervisory
power