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Annotated Bibliography

Does the Time of Maturation Effect a Boys Chance of Developing an Eating Disorder?

Karly Perkins

Professor Malcom Campbell

English 1103

March 11 2015

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Annotated Bibliography
Abraham, Suzanne, and Jennifer A. O'Dea. "Onset of Disordered Eating Attitudes and Behavior
in Early Adolescence: Interplay of Pubertal Status, Gender, Weight, and
Age." Adolescence 34.136 (1999): 671. Science in Context. Web. 23 Feb. 2015.
This peer reviewed case study was done to add and improve the research already done on
people with eating disorders. It was conducted in Sydney, Australia and it had about 350
young adult participants (both male and female). They looked at many different areas that
could change or manipulate the eating behaviors of people such as: pubertal status,
gender, age, and weight. The survey given to the participants had questions that used
words to describe weight instead of numbers, meaning that they would say that they
would wish to be a little lighter instead of about 10 pounds lighter. The study results
showed that older females and males reported that they were trying to change their eating
and exercise behaviors more than the younger participants. It also showed that 82% of the
males and 67% of the females said that physical appearance was an extremely important
part of life. The two researchers who discussed the results also noticed that some people
could have the presence of an eating disorder, but not actually have one. These people
could be counting calories or changing their exercise habits, but not to a dangerous
extreme. For males, the study showed that males listened to their body more, and that
they had higher self-esteem than females. Lastly, the study talked about how important it
was to encourage a healthy body image and self-love before children hit or go all the way
through puberty to help prevent them from forming eating disorders. The main author,
Mrs. Abraham, is an associate Professor in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
at the University of Sydney, so I believe that she has enough credentials to be a reliable

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source. The fact that this was a scientific study with real people and real results that could
possibly benefit all of societys knowledge on this topic makes this a reliable source as
well. I think the intended audience is whoever the study was created for, to show the
participants the results, and for people like me who are interested in learning about eating
disorders. After looking at this source I think that its extremely helpful. I like how much
information it had about the differences in pubertal status, because that relates to my
inquiry question. I also like the other things it looked at, like gender, age, and weight, and
how that effected the participants self-images and behaviors. I probably will use this
source in my project because I feel that its reliable and has a lot of helpful, interesting
information.
Chaboya-Hembree, Jan, Kyle Kushman, and Matt Rize. Medical Marijuana. Hemp Blimp
Delivery Service, Oaksterdam University. Web. March 11, 2015.
This website contains almost every fact, aspect, news article, and information about
medical marijuana. Its an interactive website where members can ask experts all their
questions across the board; going from subjects to what medical marijuana can be treated
for to how to start growing legally. People can learn about the different laws on
marijuana based on where they live, and they become active in the legal medical
marijuana community. I looked into a specific page on the website that was called
Eating Disorders (Anorexia) and Medical Marijuana. This is a page on the website that
explains how the eating disorder anorexia can have a boosted recovery time by using
medical marijuana. It explains how anorexia is associated with psychological factors that
can lead to a loss or rejection of an appetite. The source recognizes that if it comes from
the cultural standards, or the imbalance of an individuals brain, eating disorders are real

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and they are serious. It goes onto explain how the primary ingredient in marijuana, delta9 THC, can cause an induced-hunger. Our bodies need food in order to fight infection,
and to heal damaged cells and tissues. By using this ingredient, anorexic patients in
treatment will want to eat because their appetite will be triggered. The source also
mentions that synthetic THC pills are already being used on anorexic recovery patients,
but a lot of physicians do not want to use them because these pills are really only meant
for patients suffering from AIDS or going through chemotherapy for various types of
cancer. The source talks about how using natural, medical marijuana would help the
patient in every stage of recovery. It would be less stressful than a feeding tube, it can be
used as relaxation therapy, and it can train a persons body to want to eat regularly. The
three main experts that run the website all have their own credentials. Jan is an expert
horticulturalist, she has a masters in Ornamental Horticulture, Landscape Design,
Greenhouse Management and Floriculture all from the University of California Berkeley,
and also a degree in teaching from San Jose State University. Kyle Kushman was a staff
journalist for High Times Magazine, and also a veteran of Organic Cannabis Cultivation;
he now teaches Earth Friendly Cannaculture classes using Organics and Veganics at
Oaksterdam University and Peace in Medicine school in Sebastopol. Matt Rize is the
expert on growing and taking care and educating proper use of medical marijuana for the
website. All of the articles on the website are filled with research and connected to other
resources, and the entire website is supported by multiple sponsors. This makes the
information reliable. I do think its biased from people who are pro-marijuana, but the
web page was set up more educational than anything. I think the purpose of this is to
educate an audience like health service providers, parents, people suffering from

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anorexia, and marijuana activists on the medical benefits of this plant. I like this source
because it talks about a solution to the problem that Im researching. Because of this
reason, I most likely will use this source in my project. I will do more digging around the
website for more information, especially information relating better to my inquiry
questions, but I think I can get use off of this source. I thought it was helpful because I
got to see medical marijuana from an actual medical and useful point of view rather than
recreational like I see in every day life. Im excited to see how else this could be used as a
solution.
Chideya, Farai, African-Americans and Eating Disorders. NPR. March 28, 2008. Web. March
11, 2015.
This source is a news story put on NPRs website that is about eating disorders in
minority groups, mainly focusing on African-Americans. The source covers the story of
Marna Clowney-Robinson and her journey through struggling with anorexia. She shares
how when her parents divorced she used food as a way to run from her problems; the less
food she ate, the less problems she had. Joining the reporter and Ms. Clowney-Robinson,
they had Becky Thompson, a professor of sociology at Simmons College, and Divya
Kakaiya, a psychologist in San Diego. Thompson shared how its normal for people to
use food to feel like their manipulating their lives for the better. She said that Marna used
it as protection from her real life, and Marna agreed. It was something easily controllable.
Kakaiya was there to explain what anorexia is and how people get away with it for a long
time and why its so common. I think the credentials of all the people included in the
story are good enough to make their story reliable. The psychologist provided education
on the problems talked about to everyone on and listening to the interview, and the

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sociologist explained how it related to a lot of the different aspects of her life. Nothing in
the interview was biased information or opinionated; all the information was general and
supported by science the psychologist and sociologist knew. The purpose of this source is
to show that its not only white women suffering from serious eating disorders, its
everyone. I think the intended audience was definitely women in minority groups, but
also other people learning about eating disorders and the people that know the four
people in the story. Compared to my other sources, this was much more casual. The
interview created a more relaxed tone rather than educational, which makes sense cause it
was about a woman sharing her story. I dont think Ill use this source. While it provides
information about minority groups suffering from eating disorders, it doesnt talk about
males or have enough information to make it worth including in my project. It has lead
me to search for more sources to learn about this section of my topic.
Vedantam, Shankar, Eating Meals with Men May Mean Eating Less. NPR. October 4, 2011.
Web. March 11, 2015.
This source is an article written by a reporter that talks about how an individual, male or
female, can end up eating less than average when eating alone or with a group of men.
The source included a study that was conducted over 127 college students that observed
their eating habits when males and females ate together and separately. The woman
running the study looked at individuals, couples, and groups of friends. She looked at
portion size, amount of food, and she asked participants about their self-esteem. The
results showed that both men and women eat less when around other men, the difference
being about 100 calories in both sexes. Molly Allen-ODonnell is a graduate student at
the Indiana University of Pennsylvania. She and her co-worker, Marci Cottingham

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created, handed out, tested, and discussed this study. I think they have some credentials to
make them reliable because theyre students and this is an academic article, but I dont
have a lot of background information on them to know if they really are a credible
source. It is an NPR article though, which makes it more reliable. The authors said the
purpose of the study was to make people aware that everything they do unconsciously
affects the things others do around us. I think the intended audience would be the
participants of the study, the two researchers peers and professors, and the general
public. Its a little different from my other sources because it talks about how an
individual can affect a group, which is something I like. Over all, I probably will not use
this source for my project. It didnt give me much information that relates to my inquiry
questions, and it doesnt give me any extremely useful or extraordinary information. It
was interesting to read and to look at, but it wasnt helpful or significant enough to be
included in my final project.