Professional Documents
Culture Documents
12
Catecholamine
EpiNEDA
Norepinephrine
BPHR
Isoproterenol
Dobutamine
Dopamine
D11 ()
Isoproterenol
12
Dobutamine
(HR)
Phenylephrine
Metaproterenol
Abuterol (Salbutamol)
Terbutaline
Fenoterol
Ritodrine
Salmeterol
Formoterol
NE
Ephedrine
Pseudo-ephedrine
Amphetamine
NEEpiDA
Methylphenidate
OTC decongestant
BP
(DA)
Narcolepsy ()
Pheynlpropanolamine
(PPA)
Cocaine
Tyramine
MAOA
Trimethaphen
Hexamethonium
CNS
Methyl tyrosine
= Metyrosine
Clonidine
2 agonist
opioid
BPHR ()
Methyldopa
Reserpine
NE5-HTDA()
Guanethidine
NE
rebound HTN
12
Phenoxybenzamine
HTN ( HF ) ()
Phentolamine
BPH
HR
Pheochromocytoma
Syncope
Sexual impairment
1 (-zosin) Tamsulosin
BPH + HTN
12
Propranolol
(-olol)
()
SVT
HTN
HR (AV block)
COPD
MI
(class II)
Timolol
(PropranololEsmolol)
HR<50
DM
MI
2-3 AV block
Atenolol
CHF ()
(-olol)
Metoprolol () CHFpost-MI
(Timolol)
() CHF
Acebutolol
ISA ( MI)
(Propranolol)
-blocker
(Propranolol)
Bisoprolol
SVT
tremor ( 2 )
Carvedilol
Esmolol
Betaxolol
(-lol)
Labetalol
Carvedilol
CHF
Metoprolol
Pilocarpine
(-chol) Bethanechol
Carbachol
()
MN ()
()
MG
Physostigmine
anti-AchE
Atropine TCA
Neostigmine
Epinephrine
1 Timolol
+ N MG
Pilocarpine
Tubocurarin ()
Pyridostigmine MG
Physostigmine
Edrophonium MG
AchE=Cholinesterase
M =
Atropine
()
Physostigmine
BPH
Scopolamine
COPD
Tropicamide
COPD ()
(3)
(4) Ipratropium
(Atrovent)
+(M3)
Atropine
Tropicamide
(1)
Phenylephrine
EPS
Propantheline
( Pirenzepine )
Pirenzepine
M1
Trihexyphenidyl EPS
(Artane)
Benztropine
Biperiden
Nn = ()
Nm = ()
d-Tubocurarine ()
(d-Tc)
()
Histamine
N-R antagonist
Fade during titanic
Neostigmine
Vecuronium
Histamine
Pancuronium
M2( Atropine)
Atracurium
ICU
Histamine
Hoffmann elimination
RBC
pH
d-Tc Denzylisoquinolines
Mivacurium
Succinylcholine
(Ach-Ach)
pseudo-AchE
Dantrolene
Non-fade
( AchE )
Histamine
Dantrolene
CCB CA2+
Baclofen
Diazepam
GABAB (Gi)
GABAA (Cl-)
Mephenesin
Meprobamate
(Valium)
Botulium toxin
Chloromezanone
Nitrates
Amylnitrite
Nitroglycerin
NOcGMP()
CHF
(NTG)
(NO Plt )
()
3
V>A
preload > afterload
( loop diuretics )
~ dinitrate
free 8
~ mononitrate
~ tetranitrate
HRSV
ISA
-blocker
CCB
( -blocker )
Nitrite
( Methylhemoglobinemia)
SA/AV node
()
Dihydropyridine
Nifedipine
(DHP)
(Adalate) ()
(angina )
HRSV
Variant angina
Amlodipine
HR
SVT
Unstable angina
SAH
(Norvasc) ()
Nimodipine
Non-DHP
Verapamil
-HF
(Verapamil )
Diltiazem
Aspirine
ACEI
Variant angina
Anti-Plt
CCB (MI )
(Aspirin)
(Heparin)
NTG ()
Nifedipine ()
-blocker
ST LBBB
()
Osmotic
CAI
Mannitol
()
Urea
Acetazolamide
seizure
Thiazide
(-thiazide)
()
( Na+)
PCTNa+H+
+
Na HCO3
( HCO3-)
Ca2+
H+
DCT
Na+/Cl- symporter
( Digoxin )
Mild HF
(Niacin)
Furosemide (Lasix)
Ethacrynic acid
(+Nitrate )
Bumetanide
CHF
( Lasix )
(+)
Loop
Na+,K+,2Cl- pump
(Vancomycin Aminoglycoside)
(+ N/S)
(MancomycinAminoglycoside
NSAIDAmphotericin B)
K+ sparing Spironolactone
DCTCD
()
Aldosterone ( H+)
Amiloride
CHF
Triamterene
Spironolactone
Na K
V2 ()
(cf. Imipramine)
( Androgen-R )
Desmopressin (DDAVP)
V1GqCa2+()
V2GscAMP
Thiazide +
(ABCDACEI / ARB-blockerCCBDiuretics)
-blocker
renin (SVHR )
Thiazide ()Loop
Angiotensin
antagonist
RAA -blockerACEIARB
ACEI
ACE
(-pril)
Angiotensin I
(Bradykinin)
()
ARB
HFMI LV Bradykinin ()
+HTN
(-sartan)
CCB
Nifedipine
1-blocker
(-zosin)
BPH+
Hydralazine
Minoxidil
(Methyldopa)
AT1
( Bradykinin)
Lupus=like syndrome
(Procainamide)
K ()
+
Diazoxide
renin ( )
Nitroprusside NO VA
CN-
Aldosterone
Coronary steal
()
(Dipyridamole
Isoflurane)
Trimethaphan
CNS
Methyldopa
Clonidine
Ganethidine
Reserpine
CHF
ACEI / ARB
()CHF
Nitrate ( v) + Hydralazine ( a)
Loop diuretics
+ CHF
Thiazide
Mild CHF
Spironolactone
HR
Digoxin
CHF
SA/AV nodeHR
Digitoxin
()
HR(<60 )
Digoxin
GI upsetyellow vision ()
()
TI ()
1 agonist
cAMP (SVHR) ()
(DobutamineDA)
PDE3
cAMP (SVHR) ()
(Amrinone
Milrinone)
K+()
(LidocainePhenytoinProcainamide)
Quinidine
( Digoxin )
Metoprolol
Bisoprolol
renin ()
Carvedilol
ISA
1. RAA
2.
3.CHF RAAsympathetic toneANP () BNP () CNP (CNS)Endothelin
Na+()
Ia
VT
Quinidine
Phase 3
AP
phase 0
()
duration
(VTAFPSVT)
(Cinchonism) ()
( class III
QT
()
Procainamide Quinidine
Lidocaine
VT
VT
(SVT)
Torsade de
pointes VT)
Disopyramide
Ib
IV VT ()
Digoxin
()
VT
SC
Mexiletine
Lidocaine
Tocainide
VT
Phenytoin
Ic
Flecainide
VT
VT
II
SA
SVT Propranolol
Esmolol
VT>>SVT
()
AFMI
AV block
AF
()
III
SVT Amiodarone
VT
class IIIIIIIV
( thyroxine)
(Bleomycin)(Tetracycline)
(Wolff-Chaikoff effect)
Goiter (Jod-Basedow phenomenon)
Digoxin Digoxin
Bretylium
Sotalol
IV
SVT Verapamil
Diltiazem
Adenosine
AFPSVT
HRSV( CHF )
Verapamil
A1 (AV node )Gi
HR
cAMP AV
Ca2+
+
(SV
)
K
()
AFPSVTSVT ()
A2Gs
(IV)
Digoxin
SVTPSVT
GICNS
SA/AV nodeHRSV
Atropine
Sinus bradycardia
MgSO4
Plt
TXA2
Aspirin
MI COX
(<325mg)
ADP-R
Ticlopidin
Aspirin
Clopidogrel
(NSAID )
neutropenia (Clozapine)
Gp Ilb/IIIa-R Abciximab
Tirofiban
PDE
Dipyridamole
Cilostazol
Intermittent claudication
(50-100mg
(PAOD)
(NitroprussideIsoflurane)
PDE3
bid)
Heparin (LMWH)
Coumarin ()
glycosaminoglycan
(WarfarinDicumarol)
Vit. K
( IIaXa)
(LMWH Xa)
Protein CProtein S
( Heparin Coumarin )
(LMWH )
HeparinDVT
Thrombocytopenia
Protamine ()
FFP
Vit. K1 (Phytonadione)
PTINR (2-3)
(LMWH aPTT )
ClofibrateMetronidazoleDisulfiram p450
Warfarin
=(Fribrinolysic agents)
Urokinase
plasminogen plasmin
Streptokinase
Alteplase (tPA)
DNA
fibrin
AMI 6
fibrin
Plasminogen ()
Aminocaproic acid
plasminogen
Tranexamic acid
Aspirin Aspirin
Vit. K
(Phytonadine)
(Coumarin)
Vit. K
Statins
HMG-CoA reductase ()
LDL-R (LDL )
( Fibrates )
Pra-
Atro-
Resins
(Vit. ADEKWarfarin )
Cholestyramin
LDL-R
Cholestiple
Fibrates
TG
Gemfibrozil
HDL
StatinsWarfarin
TG (VLDL)LDLHDL
PPAR-(-glitazone)
TG
VLDL
HDL
(FFA)
Lp(a)
TG (VLDL)LDLHDLLp(a)
ThiazideNiacin
HDL
HDL
LDL
QT interval
LDL
Niacin (B5)
Probucol
()
Fish oil
TG LipoproteinHDL
Orlistate ()
lipase
Sibutramine ()
5-HTNEDA ( TCASSRI)
()
(Serotonin )
PPA ()
Phentermine ()
-maintain
Nitrous oxide
(N2O)
/Des>Sevo>Iso>En>Halo
Halothane
Vit. B12
MAC potency
( catecholamine )
()
-
Methoxyfluran
N2O
Halo>En>IsoDes
F
IsoDes>En>Halo
(dose-dependent)
Enflurane
Isoflurane
Des>Iso>En>HaloSevo
(PaCO2 60)
Halo>En>IsoDesSevo
Coronary steal
(NitroprussideDipyridamole)
Desflurane
Sevoflurane
Halo>En>IsoDesSevo
Halothane
compound A ()
-induction + maintain
Barbiturates IV
Thiopental
Methohexital
(2nd peak)
(BPCOHR)
ICUPropofolBDZ
Propofol
()+Xylocaine
()BDZOpioid
BDZ
opioid
pH
C/S BDZ
BDZ
IM BDZ
TCA
Opioid
Atropine
BDZ
Midazolam
Diazepam
Droperidol ( D2)
Lorazepam
Propofol
()
Ketamine
IM
opioidlidocaine
6hrs
glutamate NMDA-R
BPHRIOPICP
Opioid
Fentanyl
(Ester) pseudocholinesterase (cf. Succinylcholine)
Cocaine
CNS
Na+ channel
()
Epi
Procaine
IV
PABA ()
Tetracaine
Bezocaine
CB>A (>>.)
IV VT (class Ib)
pKa
CV collapse
(Epi)
( NaHCO3)
EMLA cream+Lidocaine
Bupivacaine
Cocaine
()
epidural pain
Etidocaine
Ropivacaine
Aldehyde
Acetate
Disulfiram
ALDHAcetaldehyde()
Alcohol dehydrogenase
Ethanol
()
IV Ethanol ( 100mg/dl)
Hemodialysis
( Ethanol Ethanol )
Folic acid
Formate CO2+H2O
(Ethylene glycol)EthanolFomepizole
Strychnine ()
Glycine-R antagonist
(tonic convulsion)
Glutamate NMDA-R
GABA
Doxapram
()
Picrotoxin ()
GABAA antagonist()
Non-NMDA-R
DA
A.Methylxanthine
Caffeine
CNS
Theophylline ()
PDEcAMP
Aednosine 1-R ()
CNS
>>
CV>>
()
Aminophylline
AdenosineA1GicAMP
=+Ethylenediamine ()
Theobromine (
)
B.Nicotine
relax
Arousal
CV ()
Bupropion
C.
Cl- (GABAA)
()
Amphetamine (Methylphenidate)CocaineEphedrine
10
Opioid
Gi
Glycine
Cl-
Ach
NE
Serotonin
Barbiturates
ThiopentalHexobarbital
GABA GABAA-R
Secobarbital ()Pentobarbital
Amobarbital ()
Phenobarbital
( Cl-)
TI ()
p450
febrile seizure
Porphyrin ()
BDZ
Triazolam (UK )
TI
Oxazepam
Alprazolam (Xanax)
()
Flunitrazepam
(FM2)
Lorazepam (Activan)
(Clonazepam)
Diazepam
(Diazepam)
(>100 )
(Dia-Oxa-Chlordiazepoxide)
()
Flumazenil (BDZ )
OxazepamLorazepamMidazolam
Clonazepam
BDZ
Zaleplon
Zolpidem (Stilnox)
Zolpiclone (Imovane)
(3-4 hrs)
CNS 1 (BDZ )2 ()
5-HT1A-R
Buspirone
DA5-HT2A
Typical
Chlopromazine
(Wintermine)
D2-R ( M
()
Thioridazine
EPS M ()
Fluphenazine
EPS Prolactin
Haloperidol
H11[]5-HT[])
Antipsychosis ()
Prochlorperazine (Novamin)
Metoclopramide (Primperan)
Toarettes syndrome
D2 EPS
Toarettes syndrome
M (Atropine )
Atypical ()
Clozapine
5-HT2D4 (D1D2 )
()
resistant pt EPS
()
Olanzapine
2% neutropenia
(Ticlopidine)
5-HT2-R D1D2D4
()
5-HT2D2 (D1 )
model
Quetiapine
PCP (Phencyclidine)
Risperidone
5-HT2 (high)D2
(>6mg)
EPS
Ziprasidone
5-HT2D2( 5-HT1AD3)
11
- NMDA
NE5-HT1A
TCA
Imipramine
(cf. DDAVP)
NE5-HT H11M
Amitriptyline
( H1 )
CV M H1 () 1 ()
MAOI
Tranylcypromine ()
MAOINE5-HTDA
Phenelzine
Moclobemide
( 6 )
RIMAs
MAO-B DA
(MAOIA)
SSRIs
Fluoxetine
(Prozac)
Citalopram
5-HT
MAOI serotonergic syndrome
ParoxetineSertraline
p450
Citalopram
SNRIs
()
()
Venlafaxine
SSRI
Trazodone
TCA M
Nefazodone
NaSSA Mirtazapine
5-HTNE ( TCA)
SNRI 5-HT2A
2 autoreceptor NE5-HT
5-HT2A5-HT3H1
NARI
Reboxetine
Bupropion
NE
Lithium
PIP2
Na+
GI ()
Valproic acid
(Deparkin)
()
Carbamazepine
ClozapineOlanzapineRisperidone
SSRIBDZ(LamotrigineGabapentinTopiramate)
12
model Pentylenetetrazol
Carbamazepine Na+Glutamate
()
CNS depression
C/D
Phenytoin
Na+
()
(class Ib)
D
(ex.D5W)
Phenobarbital
GABA GABAA-R
()
seizure
Primidone
Phenobarbital
Ethosuximide
CNS
Valproic acid
CNS
CNS
DiazepamLorazepamMidazolam (IV)GABAA
Clonazepam
Carbamazepine
bipolar disorder
Phenytoin
Acetazolamide seizure
Lamotrigine
Felbamate
NMDA-R
EthosuximideValproic acid
Topiramate
AMPA-R
GABA BarbiturateBDZ
Lamotrigine
Vigabatrin
GABA-transaminase
Gabapentin
GABA analog
Tiagabine
VigabatrinGabapenitn
Tiagabine
NMDA Felbamate
()
Topiramate
GABA
Lamotrigine
Parkinsons Dz DAAch
DA
Levodopa
DA
Dopa decarboxylation DA
decarboxylase
(Domperidone- D2 )
(CarbidopaBenserazide)
L-dopa
5
ON-OFF (Apomorphine )()
()
Vit.B6
( L-dopa decarboxylation)
(cf. INH Vit. B6 )
DA
Amantadine
DA-R
Influenza A
Parkinsonism
Bromocriptine (D2)
Pergolide
Reserpine
(D2D1)
CO
6-hydroxydopamine
Pramipexole
(-ole)
Ropinirole
MAO-B
Selegiline
Deprenyl
COMT
(-capone)
TolcaponeEntacapone
Ach
Trihexyphenidyl (Artane)BenztropineBiperidenresting tremor
Diphenhydramine H1 ( M)
13
Morphine
() receptorGiCa2+ K+
()
(+Nitrate)
AMI
Codeine
Papaverine
=Methylmorphine
()
cGMP
(-)(2-)
( )( CTZ D2-R)
(2-) Oddi BP
histamine
()
Noscapine
( IICP)BPH
Naloxone ()Natrexone ()
Heroin
Apomorphine
Parkinsonism OFF
( CTZ D2-R)
Methadone ()
Opioids
(antagonist actions)
Meperidine (Demerol)
=Pethidine (IM)
(2-4hrs)
Norpethidine()
Methadone
Morphine
()
Morphine
Dextromethophan (Medicon)
()
Loperamide (Imodium)
Fentanyl
IV (Durogesic)
Sulfentanil
(>Fentanyl)
-
Buprenorphine
Methadone Morphine
Pentazocine
Nalbuphine
14
(Autacoids)
Amine
Polypeptide
Lipid
Serotonin (5-HT)
Angiotensin
Prostaglandin (PG)
Histamine (
Bradykinin ( ACEI)
Leukotriene (LT)
Substance P
Thromboxane (TXA)
)
Platelet activating factor (PAF)
Agents
()
Diphenhydramine (Vena)
Brompheniamine
OTC
H1
Chlorpheniamine
OTC
(Gq
Promethazine
Cyproheptadine
Phenindamine
+ 5-HT
H2
(Gs)
MeclizineCycli-Bucli-
HRSV
()()
H1 M15-HTNa+
()
Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
QD
Loratadine (Claritin)
QD
()
Fexofenadine (Allergra)
BID
GI ()BPH
Terfenadine
p450 (CYP3A4)
Astemizole
QT prolong
Cisapride
H. pylori
Mg(OH)2
Al(OH)3
CaCO3
NaHCO3
Cimetidine
p450
(Tagamate)
Ranitidine (Zantac)
Fametidine
M1M3
Nizatidine
Propantheline
Pirenzepine
Pirenzepine M (M1)
Gastrin-R Proglumide
PPI
Omeprazole (Losec)
H+/K+ ATPase
Lansoprazole
Misoprostol
PGE1
NSAID-induced ulcer
Sucralfate
pH<4 ( 1hrs )
Bismuth
Amoxicillin
Metronidazole
PPI
Clarithromycin
Tetracycline
Three-drug regimens
15
Phospholipase A2 Corticosteroid
>
Cyclooxygenase
NSAID
>
COX-2
Lipooxygenase
Zileuton
Leucotriene
Zafirlukast
Lipocortin
Montelukast
NSAIDAcetaminophen NSAID
NSAID COX
Lipooxygenase LTC4
Renal insufficiency(SulindacNabumetone )
Na+ retention
Aspirin
=Acetylsalicylic acid
( Acetylation
() PGE2
COX
( bradykinin)
Plt )
()
Plt ()
AMI (Salisulism)()
5-7
Salsalate
Propionate
Naproxen
()
Ibuprofen
(OTC )
NSAID
Acetate
Indomethacin
Ketorolac
IV NSAID
DiclofenacEtidolacNabumetone
Fenamate
Mefenamic acid
Oxicam
Piroxicam
(20 hrs)
NSAID
COX-2
Celecoxib
Rofecoxib
(Vioxx)
NSAID
COX-3 Acetaminophen
(PanadolScanol)
Prostaglandins
PGE1 Alprostadil
Misoprostol
PGE2PGI2
Mifepristone (RU-486)
GFR
Fetal ductus arteriosus
NSAID-induced ulcer
()
PGE2PGF2
PG
TXA2PGF2
TXA2
Etoprostenol
Treprostinil
Colchicine /
()
()
IndomethacinKetorolac
Aspirin
agranulocytosis
NSAID
()
16
RA
NSAID
DMARDs
DMARDs
Hydroxychloroquine lysosome GI
()
Gold
lysosome
GI (Dimercaprol )
( IBD)
GI leukopenia ()
D-Penicillamine
()
GI thrombocytopenia ()
Methotrexate
DMARDs
BM ulceration
Azathioprine6-Mercaptopurine
Lymphocytes
Cyclosporin ( BM )
IL-2 ( T )
HTNp450
Anticytokine Etancercept
TNF-
Infliximab
Serotonin (5-HT5-Hydroxytryptemine)
5-HT1A GicAMP
Raphe nuclei
Buspirone
5-HT1A
()
Premenstrual syndrome
5-HT1D GicAMP
Sumatriptan
5-HT2 GqIP3
5-HT1D
Plt
Plt ()
Ketanserin
5-HT1C5-HT21
Ritanserin
5-HT2
Thromboxane
Clozapine
5-HT2D2
5-HT2
Risperidone
Trazodone
5-HT3 Na K GICNS
+
(-setron)
5-HT4 GscAMP
5-HT3
CNS
Ach motility-enhancing
myenteric neuron
Cisapride
5-HT4
Metoclopramide
5-HT4
(Primperan)
D2-R
GERDgastroparesis
Cisapride
Methysergide
5-HT21
Ergotamine
( Caffeine )
5-HT12
Ergonovine
()(+Transamine)
Bromocriptine
Hyperprolactinemia
DA-R
Parkinsons Dz
Lysergide(LSD) ()
17
Insulin
Insulin Lispro
Insulin Aspart
()
IV
NPH
(+Protamine)
Lente
(+)
Ultralente
(+)
Insulin glargine
peak
Insulin
RI (30%)+NPH (70%)
insulin
Sulphonylurea
Tolbutamide ()
ATP-dependent
Acetohexamide ()
()
Ca2+insulin
Chlorpropamide ()
Meglitinides
insulin Thiazolidine
diones (TZD)
K+ channel ()
(Gli- / Gly-)
Repaglinide
Sulfonylurea Insulin
(Novonorn) ()
GlibencliamideGlipizideGliclazideGlimeperide
Troglitazone
()
PPARGLUT-4
Rosiglitazone (Avandia)
Pioglitazone
()
( insulin )
Fibrates (PPAR)
Biguanides
Metformin (Glucophage)
or
()
PCOS
()
insulin
GI distress
-glucosidase
inhibitors
Acarbose (Glucobay)
or
-glucosidase
Miglitol
GI effect
( -glucosidase)
18
()
Sulfonamide PABA FH2
G(+)G(-) ()
Dihydropteroate synthetase
Cotrimoxazole (Baktar)
TMP )
(PABAp-aminobenzoic acid)
AOM
ShigellaSalmonella
(+)
(Sulfacetamide)
Acetylation
IBD (Sulfasalazine=+Aspirin)
()
Procaine PABA
(Silver Sulfadiazine)
G6PD (Chloromycin)
Dihydrofolate reductase
Thrombocytopenia
(MTX )
-lactam
Penicillin
lactamase
S. aureus
Penicillin G
-lactam
Benzathine ~
IM
Acyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine
Penicillin V
()
Methicillin
PRSP
Nafcillin
MRSA() transpeptidase
peptidoglycan
Naf-()
(Penicillinase-
N. gonorrhea
resistant
Cloxacillin
P. aeruginosa
penicillins)
Dicloxacillin
()
Ampicillin
+Sulbactam =Unasyn ()
()
Amoxicillin
Ampicillin q68h
+Clavulanate =Augmentin
G(+)(-)
Carbenicillin
()
Ticarcillin
+Clavulanate =Timentin
Piperacillin
+Tazobactam =Tazocin
sporin
BBB Cefadroxil
Cephalexin
GPC
PneumococcusMeningococcus
Treponema pallidumSpirochetes
G(+)>G(-) Aminopenicillin
Cephalo-
(+Probenecid )()
(+BenzathineProcaine )
Penicillin Erythromycin
LincomycinClindamycin
q6h G(+)()
q12h G(-)()
Penicillin
Cefazoline
q8h Cefazoline
G(+)G(-)
Cephradine
q6h
Penicillin
Cefuroxime
-lactamase
G(+) G(-)
BBB Cefamandol
Cefoxitin
Cefmetazole
CPZ
Ceftazidime (Fortum)
BBB Cefotaxime
Ceftriaxone
GNBGPC
CPZ
GNBGPC
qd
Ceftriazone
Penicillin 10%
Cephalosporins
Ceftizoxime
Carbapenem Imipenem
(G(+)(-))+Cilastatin (=Tienam)
Etrapenem
AB
Meropenem ()
Imipenem G(-)
Aztreonam
=Teicoplanin ()
Vancomycin
Bacitracin
ORSA (MRSA)
Cycloserine
TB ()
-lactam G(+)
Fosfomycin
UTI ()
Echinocandins
Vancomycin (500mg/vial)
Caspofungin
(1,3)--D-glucan synthase
Mucomycosis
Metronidazole
TDM
Cryptococcus
19
glycopeptide
G(+)
G(-)
Tetracyclines
( BBB)
Tetracycline
Minocycline bid
G(+)(-)
()
Aminoglycosides Streptomycin
()
( GNB)
G(+)
S. aureus
Coagulase(-) Sta.
Strep. viridans
Enterococci
(PCN )
Gentamicin
( tRNA binding)
(<8y/o )
(Amiodarone)
Superinfection
BUN
G(-)
30S
TB
Penicillin
30S
()>
-lactam
pH
Tobramycin
Kanamycin
Amikacin
( UTI )
(Amikin)
TB
(FurosemideAmphotericin B)
Gentamicin
ICU
()
Neomycin
Cr TDM
weaning
Erythromycins
Erythromycin
Most cost-effect
G(+) Clarithromycin
H. pylori
LegionellaMycoplasma
GNB
Compliance
Penicillin
(Azithromycin )
p450TerfenadineAstemizole
-lactam
(qd)
Cisapride QT
>
Azithromycin
/)
(Macrolide)
50S
( translocation)
(GI )
Digoxin
Chloramphenicol
G(+)(-)
50S
S. aureus
Blood dyscrasia
( transpeptidation)
H. influenzaS. pneumonia
G6PD
Neisseria meningitides
<8y/o Tetracycline
Lincosamide
Lincomycin
BBB
Clindamycin
Erythro-
G(+) Erythromycin
Penicillin
20
Thrombocytopenia
Leukopenia
Granulocytopenia
Quinolones Nalidixic acid
()
Fluoroquinolones
100mg/#
Norfloxacin
qd( UTI)
400mg
Lomefloxacin
Acquire
q12h
resistance
Ciprofloxacin
easily
Levofloxacin
Moxifloxacin
Rifampin
G(-)
G(+)(-)
DNA gyrase
Topoisomerase II IV
(
Nitrofurantoin-)
G(-)
DNA
GNB Aminoglycosides +
G(+)
Ofloxacin
()
G(+)(-)
<18y/o
Trovafloxacin
Moxifloxacin
Gatifloxacin
UTI GU
()
GI (Sucralfate
)
TB
Isoniazid (INH)
Mycolic acid
TB
(Vit.B6 )
(N-
Rifinah (RFN)
acetyltransferase)
Rifampin (RIF)
DNA-dependent RNA
Ethambutal (EMB)
TB
p450
polymerase
Pyrazinamide (PZA)
pH<5
Streptomycin
Rifater (+INHRIF)
>
LevofloxacinAmikacinPara-aminosalicylate (PAS)Cycloserine
Griseofulvin
microtubles mitosis
()
()
Flucytosin
()
Polyene
Amphotericin B
macrolides
(ex.)
()
fever and chills
Lanosterol
Imidazole ()
Ergosterol
P450
Nystatin
(--) ()
Natamycin
Ketoconzole
()()
()
steroid
Cushings syndrome
( Lanosterol
Miconazole
Clotrinazole
Isoconazole
Triazole ()
Fluconazole (Difucan)
CSF
Itraconazole
Amphotericin B
Ketoconazole
Voriconazole
Squalene
Alkylamines
Terbinafin ()
epoxidase
(OTC)
2wks
-lactamVancomycinAminoglycosides
AminoglycosidesQuinolonesMetronidazole ( qd )
PAE (Postantibiotic effect)-lactam G(+) PAE G(-) PAE
21
(Anthelmintic)(Mematodes)(Trematodes)(Cestodes)
Mebendazole
Microtubules
()
Pyrantel Pamoate
(Antiprotozoal)
Metronidazole (Flagyl) tid
() (ClindamycinLincomycin)
Emetine
()
Chloroquine
RBC
Primaquine
RBC ()
5
Parkinsonism
Amantadine
A ( uncoating)
Rimatadine
Acyclovir
()
Ganciclovir
CMV
Famciclovir
INF- C ()
Ribavirin
Lamivudine
Interferon-
HCV
Multiple sclerosis
Enfurotide T-
(Immunomodulatory)
HIV fusion
20
Filgrastim
Lenograstim
Clonidine
Opioid
Physostigmine
Atropine TCA
Neostigmine
Tubocurarin
Atropine + PAM
Nitrite
CN-
Sodium thiosulfate
Lidocaine Digoxin ( Quinidine)
Flumazenil
BDZ
Naloxone
Morphine
Acetylcystein
Acetaminophen
Deferoxamine
Dimercaprol (BAL)
EDTA
Penicillamine
22
(Antimetabolites) (CCSS ) (BM )
Methotrexate (MTX) (M)
Immunosuppression
Leucovorin(
FH2 FH4
Leukemias
non-Hodgkins Dz
MTX DHFR)
(Trimethoprim )
Folate ()
6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP) ALL ()
Allopurinol XO 6-MP
Leucovorin
( covalent ternary
complex of TS and 5F-dUMP)
dUMP dTMP
prodrug(5F-dUMP)
Dihydrouracil
dehydrogenase
Tegafur
5-FU
Uracil+Tegafur
(UFUR)
Capecitabine
Cytarabine (ara-C)
AML
Gemcitabine (Gemzar)
NSCLC
Cytidine DNARNA
(Difluoro-deoxycytidine)
5-FU prodrug
()
Hodgkins Dz
mustard
prodrug p450
Cyclophosphamide (C)
()
( acrolein (Mensa
non-Hodgkins lymphoma
Ifosfamide
Chlorambucil
Melphalan
Busulfan
WBC
Thiotepa
Nitroso-
Carmustine
ureas
Lomustine
Platium
()
BM
CNS
Cisplatin (P)
Cisplatin
(Amifostine
( D5W )
Phenytoin )
Carboplatin
(5-FUOxaliplatinIrinotecan)
BM
(Cisplatin + Paclitaxel)
Oxaliplatin
Oxaliplatin 5-FU
( N/S )
(Paclitaxel)
Procarbazine (P)
Hodgkins lymphoma
Disulfirum like
Dacarbazine
()
Procarbazine MAOI
Doxorubicin (A H)
cycline
(Adriamycin)
Daunorubicin (D)
Leukemias
()
((E))
Topoisomerases II (Podophyllotoxins)
BM
free radical
Actinomycin D (Dactinomycin)
Wilms tumor
SCC ()
(Amiodarone)
Mitomycin
Alkylating agent
tubules
(M )
(VWCD)
(DTR)
( mitotic spindle)
BM
(cf. Clochicine)
Vinblastine (V)
BM
Vinorelbine
NSCLC
Paclitaxel ( D5W )
NSCLC
(Oxaliplatin)
Paclitaxel Cisplatin
(M )
Docetaxel
NSCLC
Tubulin
Late S early G2
llotoxins
Teniposide
Topoisomerase II DNA
Topotecan
Topoisomerase I DNA
NSCLC
thecins)
( 5-FU )
(Cholinergic diarrhea)
23
L-Asparaginase
Asparagine ()
ALL
( Natural product)
IFN-
Tretinoin
Retinoic acid
Thioamid Propylthioruacil
e
(PTU)
I-I0 (Peroxidase)I0MIT/DIT ()
T4T3()()
Methimazole
PTU
(MMZ)
Agranulocytosis( Thioamide )
Carbimazole
Methimazole
()
(CMZ)
GI
Lugols solution
Iodide
SSKI
Proteolysis T3T4
I131
(I125 )
Propranolol
10-40mgqid ( HR<100)
T4T3()
-receptor
Hydrocortisone
T4T3()
Tyroxine
()
Levothyroxin T4 ( T3) ()
e
Liothyronine
T3
()IV coma
Fludrocortisone
(F) Glucocorticoids
(Cortisol
Cortison)
(Addisons Dz )
(>2wks )
Hydrocortisone
20
Predinisone
0.8
Prednisolone
0.8
( Vit. D)
Methylprednisolone
0.5
Mental dysfunction
Triamcinolone
Dexamethasone
25
0.75
Betamethasone
25
0.75
ACTH ( 6-12 )
Prednisolone /
(Becolmethasone)
(BudesonideFluticasone)
24
Corticosteroid antagonist
Receptor
Spironolactone
antagonist
Aldosterone-R
Androgen
Cushings syndrome
Glucocorticoid-R
Misoprostol
Pregnelolone
Cushings syndrome
Tamoxifen
Trilostane
3--dehydroxylation
Cushings syndrome
Ketoconazole
17--hydroxylationp450c17
Cushings syndrome
11--hydroxylation
/
Androgen
Androgen
Testosterone propionate
Danazol
Endometriosis
Flutamide
Flutamide
GnRHa (GoserlinLeuprolide)
Finasteride (Proscar)
Estrogens
Estradiol
5-reductase DHT
BPH(Minosidil )
()
Estrone
(factor VII~Xplasminogen
Estriol
Antithrombin III)
Conjugated estrogens
HRT
() (Premarin)
Ethylestradiol
HRT
Ethinylsetradiol
Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
Estrogens
Clomiphene
Estrogen-R
Tamoxifen
Toremifene
()
SERM
Estrogen
Tamoxifen
Raloxifen
Progestins
()
1st
2
nd
Progesterone
Medroxyprogesterone (Provera)
HRT Progestin
Dydrogesterone
Norethisterone acetate
Levonorgestrel ()
Progestins
72hrs 1#12hrs 1#
Estrogen
Tamoxifen ER (+)
Mifepristone (RU486)
Aromatase Aminoglutethimide
Anastrozole
Letrozole
Exemestane
Estrogen + Progesterone
Estrogen ( 14-16 )
Progesterone( 5-6 )
Progestins ()
Depot Medroxyprogesterone
Northisterone
12wks
Levonorgestrel
25
Raloxifen (SERM)
+++
HRT SERM
Salmon calcitonin
()
()
Pagets Dz
PTH
()
Estrogen (HRT)
Bisphosphonates
+++ ++
( hydroxyapatite OC )
Etidronate
(Potency) OC ( Osteomalacia)
1
10
Pamidronate
100
()
Alendronate
1000
5-10mg/d35mg/wk
(<5%)
Clodronate
10mg/d70mg/wk
Risedronate
5000
GI
PTH (Teriparatide)
+++ ++ ( OB )
(IM)
Calcium ()+Vit. D
Dimenhydrinate (OTC )
Diphenhydramine
Promethazine
Meclizine
Cyclizine
Scopolamine ()
D2
Prochlorperazine (Novamine)
Medication-toxin-metabolic-induced emesis
Metoclopramide (Primperan)
Primperan 5-HT4
Droperidol
5-HT3
TCA
(-setron)
Amitriptyline
Functional nausea
Nortriptyline
BDZ
Lorazepam
Alprazolam
Glucocorticoids
Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)
Dexamethaxone
X Cannabinoids (
Tetrahydrocannabinol
(Prokinetic)
5-HT4
Cisapride
(Gastroparesis)GERD
functional dyspepsia
EPS
D2-R
Domperidone
functional dyspepsia
Motilin agonist
Erythromycin
Somatostatin analogue
Octretide
Intestinal pseudoobstruction
Bethanechol
Myenteric plexusAch
Simethicone
Parkinsonism L-dopa
(Gascon)
26
Loperamide (Imodium)
2-4mg (Max8mg)
Kaolin ()Pectin ()Charcoal ()
Kaopectin=Kaolin + Pectin
Fiber
()
Stimulants
Castor oil
Bisacodyl (Ducolax)
Anthraquinone
Bulk (
Methyl celluloseagar
)
Osmotic
ParaffinGlycerol
//
KI ()
Acetaminophen
Bromhexine
Codeine
(15-30mgq4-6h)
() Dextromethophan (Medicon)
Benzonatate (Bensau)
(10-20gmq4-6h)
/(100mgtid)
Salmeterol ()
2-R ACcAMP
Formoterol ()
Methylxanthine Theophylline
Aminophylline
()
Ipratropium (Atrovent)
2 2
Corticosteroids Prednisolone
()
Methylprednisolone
Beclomethasone ()
Budisonide ()
()
Fluticasone ()
Leudotriene Zileuton (qid)
5-Lipoxygenase
Zafirlukast (bid)
Leukotriene-R antagonist
Montelukast (qd)
Nedocromil
COPD ()
()
2 ()
Glucocorticoid
()
()
MethylxanthineTheophylline
Leukotriene
COPD
50%
27