SEMINER TOPIC

ON
AUTOMATION AND CONTROL SYSTEM (ACS) FOR WATER
PUMPING AND CIRCULATION
PRESENTED
BY

MADUKO GERALD SOPULUCHUKWU

ESUT/2010/110312

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING,
ENUGU STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,
(ESUT) ENUGU.
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE
AWARD OF BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (B.ENGR) DEGREE
IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

ARRIL, 2015.

ABSTRACT

The Automation and control of water pumping/circulation is a

system that is self operated for the pumping and circulation of
water. The system is capable of switching on and off as
demanded by its controlling devices and as well monitor the
quantity and each levels of water been pumped. This system is
obtained by using some electrical devices and some control
switching devices for the flow of current whereas given
protection to the system in case of any power faults and
determining the activities and operations of the entire circuit by
making it an open or closed system respectively. Due to the
system mode of operation which allows the users to be free
from manual operation but can as well monitor the working
condition of the system through an indicator or signalling
devices.

INTRODUCTION

The advancement in technology has continuously led to man

wanting to better his life, this lead to the development of
electrical

automation

and

control

systems.

Electrical

automation and control is the process by which devices are

used to manipulate the working operation of basic electrical
devices so as to reduce human interference thus making the
process seem self- controlling. It is also the use of machines
and technology to make processes run on their own without
manpower.
Automation and control is a relatively new field of study that
gained a significant attention with the advancement in
technology as it has an essential role in a wide range of
systems which are now applicable practically in our daily life. To
fully understand how automation and control are implemented,
the use of water pumping and circulatory system are used for

the supply of water. This system involves the use of two

circuitry, the Power circuit for the powering of the pumping
machine (electric motor) and other electric powering devices
and the Control circuit, for the control of the activities of the
whole system. Contactors a conducting metal part which when
energizes opens and as well closes when de-energized thereby
completing or interrupting flow of current

also act in both

circuits as its been used.

The system also makes use of other devices that play a vital
role in the system with different behaviour such as the Power
switching Devices, Control switching devices, Signalling Devices
and these makes the entire system a closed circuit since once
the water in the reservoir runs down it triggers one of the
switches to start pumping water from the source and as well
regulates the level at which the water is. This is done
repeatedly.

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

The design of the system could only be achieved by the use of

two circuitry namely, THE POWER CIRCIUT AND THE CONTROL
CIRCUIT.
The Power Circuit This is a closed path where electric
current flows through the connecting wires that carry current to
the electric motor and other devices that uses electric power.
The power circuit always comes in three phase at high voltages
which begins from the main isolator to the main fuse then to
the contactors and to the overload relay before connecting it to
the electric motor of the water pump.

The Control circuit This is the circuit set at standard for

checking the result, determining the behaviour or supervises
the running of the system and most especially to guide and
regulate the activities and operations of the entire system. The
control circuit usually carry lower voltage than the power circuit
since it requires only, any phase with the neutral line. It starts
from the main isolator to the main fuse to the circuit breaker
then to the push button switch and to level switch One and
level switch Two to the contactor coil connected to the neutral
line with an indicating lamp.

POWER CIRCUIT

CONTROL CIRCUIT
FUNCTIONS OF THE DEVICES AND COMPONENTS USED

Electrical load- one of the basic electrical load used is the

electric motor which is used to alter position and motion
variable. Typically it is used for pumping/circulation of the
water.
Protective

devices

in

every

electrical

circuit,

faults

condition of short circuit. Ground faults, overloading, single

phasing, phase failure faults are very common and so the
protective devices are used to keep the system safe and to

preserve it from power surge. These include the fuses, circuit

breakers and overload relays. The fuse/circuit breakers are used
to offer short circuit protection against overloading faults.
Power switching devices - The power switching devices are
used to switch electric power into the electrical load and other
parts of the circuit in the system such as the switch gears
(isolators) and the contactors.

CONTACTORS
it is an electromechanical devices that switches a power circuit
thereby opens or closes when current is passed through it. The
contactor is made up of The fixed and moveable parts, the
Contactor coil, the power contacts and the auxiliary contacts.
The contactor coil carries the current as the magnetic field
makes the moveable part move them. The power and auxiliary
contacts can then switch all together. The power contact is
usually three used to power the electrical load with higher
current. The auxiliary contacts can be up to eight and are used
to control other components like the level switches and
signalling light.

CONTACTOR DIAGRAM

The contactor coils are marked A1 and A2, the three power
contacts are marked T1, T2 and T3 while the auxiliary contacts
are marked 13, 14, 23, 24, 33, 44, 51, 52, 61, 62, 71, and 72 as
those with last numbers as 1 and 2 are normally closed and
ones with ending 3 and 4 are normally open.
Control switching devices These are the switches used in
controlling the system automatically, thereby making it to be
open or closed. These are the push button switch and the two
level switches.

Signalling devices This is an important aspect of the design

that is incorporated in the system to checkmate the working
condition and to indicate if the system is on or off.

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF THE SYSTEM

The system works with the principle of Automation and control
with the help of electric power and contactors. At first, assume
that our overhead tank for circulation is empty and the
pumping machine connected to the underground water well to
the tank and the level switch sensors sl1 and sl2 are installed
inside the tank at two positions. From the control circuit side
when the power push button S1 is pressed, current flows
through the two level switches since they are normally closed
and then energizes the contactor coil K1 and immediately, the
power contacts k1 closes as well allowing the pumping machine
to start working. When water level increases to point sl2
sensor, the SL2 opens, but the pumping machine continues to
work as k1 is still closed and the retaining contact is also
closed. When the water level reaches the second sensor sl1,
the SL1 opens thereby making the entire control circuit open
and this de-energises the contactor coil and immediately

throws K1 open and the pumping machine stops working. At

the process of using the already pumped water, when the water
level gets below the sI1, the SL1 is automatically closed yet
current is not flowing to the contactor coils as the sI2 and the
retaining contact are still open until water level gets to sI2, then
the SL2 is automatically closed thereby allowing current to get
to the contactor coils (Energizes it) making the K1 to close back
again to enable the machine to start pumping water. This
process repeats itself automatically when water level goes
below level sl2 in the tank.
The light indicator connected to the retaining contact is usually
on when the system is functioning or at work while the other
light indicator is always on as long as the entire system is
turned-on whether at operation or not.

L1 Live line 1
L2 Live line 2
L3 Live line 3
N Neutral line
F1 Main fuse
K1 Contactors

F2 Overload relay/circuit breaker

M Electric motor
S1 Push button switch
SL1 Level switch 1
SL2 Level switch 2
sI1 Level indicator 1
sI2 Level indicator 2
Rc Retaining contact
IL Light indicator

COMPLETE DIAGRAM OF THE ENTIRE

SYSTEM

LIMITATIONS
The system cannot be working if there is no electric power
supply and even if there is, Since the system needs a 3-phase
to power the electric motor, if there may be one of the phases
disconnected or open circuited it will result in a rapidly
destructive condition known as single phasing as the motor will
experience enough amount of voltage drops, then it will start
malfunctioning.

CONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATION
As the world is going on globalization and with the help of the
new technology, i must say that one should follow the new
trend as to make life easy and worth living and so i recommend
it for every industry, homes, universities and hospitals.

REFERENCES
Engr. Nsuabia Ukwo Essien

(Electrical R & D / Maintenance Unit, Scientific and Equipment

Development Institute Enugu)
En.wikipedia.org/wiki/control and automation