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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    14K views362 pages

    Network Management Principles and Practices - 2nd Edition

    Uploaded by

    smartlife0888
    Network Management in details

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Network Management Principles and Practice ‘th conrtation from ‘Timothy A. Gonsales Indian insite of Technology Madras 1 Usha Rant MSs Software Private Lined liemadras Network Management: Principles and Practice 'y: Mani Subramanian; Timothy A. Gonsaes;N- Usha Ran Publeher: Pearson Eaveaton da ub, Date: 2010 Print 1S8H-10: 81-2172-759-9 Prin ISBN-13: 979-131-72790-4 book ISBN-L0: 81-174-208-2 ook YSON-13: 979$-131-74208-2 Pages in Print Edtion: 725 Table of Contents Conyrighit Endorsements Peow Poot the itor Pat Soknone Secon 11. Analogy ef Telephone Network Management Secon 1.2 Oat (Compiter and Teleommuristion Network Sarton 1.3 Oitrbted Computing Endronnent Secon 14 TORP-Bosad Networks: Internet and rane Secon 15, Conmunion Proton an Stands ‘Secon 1.6 Nevorks, Syste and Secs ‘Secon 17 Cs Histon Nene, Systinet Service Manager Seren 1 Chaenge of TF Managers Sarton 19. Neovo Managemen: Gass, rganaaton and Functens Sarton 110. Network Monagoment Architecture and Organization Sarton 1.11 Naor Managamer Perspacties Secon 112, 9 Pfam Secon 112, Curent tatu and Future of eter Management Summary Gorse ‘Secon 2.1 Network Topo ‘Secon 22, Local res Netware ‘Secon 23, Nebvrk Node Components Secon 24, Wide res Netw ‘Scton 2.5, Tanenidon Technology Sedton 2.6. Intra Sevens: ISO, Frame Rely, and Broadband summary vere Pe: and Neer Mangement ater 3 bn Fumdtns Sana, Head Langage ‘Section 3.1. Netverk MoragementStndars ‘Section 32. Network Managment Mode ‘Section 23. Orgaraton Mad ‘Secon 3 nfrmtn Mad ‘Sexton 3, Conmuniston Made ‘Section 3.6, Abra Sts Noaten One: ASN ‘Section 37, Ending Stee Seaton 38, Macs ‘secon 9, Functor Mocs ‘summary erteer ‘Section 41, Managed Network: Cave istries nd Eales ‘Section 42, Wetry of SH Manager ‘Section 43. Internet Organizations and Stade ‘Sectn 44, 08 Model ‘Section 45. Oranznton Mode ‘Seaton 46. stan Overview ‘Seeton 47. Infra Made ‘Sumary Brees oars ater araganent Cmmniconsn Fanci Med Stbon 5.1 SP Coneuniaton Model Seton 5.2 Furetonl Mode sunmary a ante 6. SP Managemen SHAD Seton 6.1. Major Changs in SNAPY2 Secton 62. SWWPr2 Sytem Aries secon 62 M012 Sucre of Management Information Secbon 64 2 Management Infomaton 2352 Sechon 65. SIMV2 Petco Secbon 66. Compatity wih SPV surmary Berets enter SNe Manageme SHH Secon 7. SPS Key Features sacten 72. SIMPY3 Docent Acar sion 73, brcectire Secon 7.4 SNP Aptos Secon 7.5. S012 Manazementtfeaton Base secon 7.6, Sec secon 7.7. SA ser Based Securty Hal secon 78, Accs Cont! surmary a ter SUMP Haagen ‘Section 8:1, Wats Remote Monkoing? ‘Section 8.2, RHON SM od MB ‘Section 8.3, RMON ‘Seaton 84, RHOND ‘Section 85, ATM Remote Montriag ‘Section 85,8 Case Si an Irene Talfi sing RMON sits ‘Sumeary corr Manapamen To, Satna nd Egnstg ‘Section 9.1. Syston Uilis fr Management ‘Secon 9:2, Net Stites Measurement Stems Section 93, MIB Engcarng ‘Section 94, NMS Deson ‘Section 95, Net Moropement Systm ‘Sunenay Bors rT ma Appeans nape ‘htt, Tecmkaons Manet Mtr, Seaton 10:1. Why THN? Secon 10.2. Operatins Systems Sedton 10:3, 1 concoptal Mate Secon 144, TH Serdar Section 1.5, TU Archtectire Secon 14.671 Management Service Arcitetire Secon 17,7 integrated Vien ‘Secon 108, 11 Impementaton summary veces ‘per neon Monpenenapeatene ‘Secton 11 Configuration Managerent ‘Scfon 112 Fault Marapement ‘Secon 11.3, Peformance Management ‘Secon 11.4 Bent Condaton Tecnigues Secon 11.5, Seaty Mananeent ‘Secon 116. Assurting Maragenent ‘Secon 31.7, Report Management ‘Secon 31.8 Pole Based Management ‘Scion 1.9, Serves Lev Management summary erase mtr 12, ratbnd Newer Managem ‘cn 12.1, Broatand Network an Sarvs Secon 12.2 ATH Tectnooay Seton 12.3. ATA Network Managerert ‘ecto 12.4 MLS Neterk Tecnlogy ‘econ 12.5, MPLS OAM Management Secon 12.6, Opt and MAN Fader Nebrrks srmary a hapten tna Mangement rd an pid Ac Neos ‘Section 13.1, oncbond Aces Neer ‘Section 13.2. dbond Aces Techsany ‘Section 13:3. Cable Modon Tedhroboay ‘Seaton 13-4. Cable Ress Network Managerert ‘Section 13.5, DOCSIS Stars ‘Secon 13.6. OSL Access Newark ‘Secon 137, Asya Subse Une ‘Secon 138, ADSL Management ‘Secton 138. ADSL2, ADSL2, and VOSL2 ‘Section 13:10, Posive Optical Hetwerk ‘Seaton 13,1, PON Manageent ‘Summary eke ‘Section 14.1, Base Pines ‘Section 14.2, Fe Broncband Wes Aces Meters ‘Seaton 14.3, Motte Wess Nenorts ‘Sedtion 144 SeelteNatworks ‘Sumenry ‘oar 38 rata ome Matte ‘Section 15.1. Home Networking Techno: ‘Section 15.2. Wied Home Diibaton Netw ‘Section 15:3, Rhee Management ‘Section 15 4, Wes Home Detibuson Networks ‘Section 15 5. EEE 802.1) Neer ‘Secon 15 6, IEE 602.1 Network Management sermary ‘Sexton 161. nbeducton season 16.2. Ea Web Baced Doveloment secon 163, CORBA-Baed NM Teco Secon 164, XML Bia! NH Teco ‘Secon 16.5. Campton of Management Teche Secon 166. Race Nelo Standards Suny ree epntc 05 nat nd ten Magner Secon A 051 Management Standards Seton 2. Stem Overview Secon A3, Orpniztn Mode Secon A emation Mat secon AS, Communiaton Medel Secon 6. plication Functions Management surmary seporsuc a moje Sapertons Secon 8.1. Project Suuctire and Esluaton secon 82, Prof sep: aren ata Seon C1. Network ase Tel a ‘Sect C2. SNP Toot Lab ‘Section C3. SMP Appleton: ‘Section 0.1. Feri Transformation “ratamarts ‘exooyms Gossry Retrenes Index Copyright Cop ©2010 Sebuman. ‘Tiss spb yang wih ron tn a tg Kindy iin. ‘This took ia sok abject wth colin that it shal thy way of we roe, eet, rel, ied t,o shore eiuled witha the publisher's rior wren consent any form of bing or cover ober Than hatin ‘whch sis pulsed and withou a salar conliion inti this coaiton ein impose on essere parstaser and without limiting the rigs under copyright reserved above, no part ofthis pubition may be ‘podoctstre n or odd i areal sytem, tometer ory ny means (electron ‘mechani, phowcory ig, recoliag or olerise witout the poe ween persion of Dah the cope ‘eran the overtone publisher os Bok. Fi Ipresion Publhed by Dortng Kinde (nn) Pvt, Li, enses of Pennon Eaton in South Asi. eal Ofc: Th For, Knowledge Boulevard, A-8(),Set62, Noida 201 08, tin Regiterd Ofc 4 Loca hopping Cente, Panchstel Park, New Deli 110017, odin. ‘Typeset in 105/125 Tes New Roman by Sian Bie Process, Chem Primed in nda Deaication In ving memory of Apt Mahsdevan Anne Kaye Afectionately dedictedo Rath, Rav, and Meer Sobramanian fr sustained spp and pies ence With deep appreciation Stirling Stent: Who led me to are tenching Endorsements “Ihave enue te stein se 2008 as core mage pees a pacts sid tan made tmvestemey atl erence even fer seston 14m mpoy ook tht he secon eo ming the corte {he wvtval evn mere aplole in the curentecirolgea oer by Ineapartng management of Opal & MPS eters wide dpe te tecarrarientons eter, Susi bonded wees ets man aeret at {enon oleutous edee con ot sandra wero: govuming be aus iolerentatn of the MS aa ‘Tu addon of Srondore sound Cyprat NMS to hatte the HAS arrearage mn implantation Considers ae que var am sre the back wl ate te nen bath ident imagen 36 wel 5th teecomara storing pessoas” Napa, Saar ‘iad, NMS RAD Serves, Tech Mahindra, Chena, ada “Many omarion! Is a wondrfl bok wth os of minute deta om Netbork Management. [ams tweedy hulbok fre sndenroesabal communes My sincere thanks fr your ime and fon bringing ot the send etn ofthe tetbook” —Sectharaman, v Heed TMC A Cable NOC, hart Atel Lined, Che, ni ProSsor Subramanian bas rare ably to st complex network enplacering and asocated network management prams in cone! with welrien explains sn reskvor! examples tha deal withthe vated demands paced on converging televoramunttios networks andthe “This book wil he etemely wef esouce fr gina and postgaate students on CSIEE courses imding those stodying inthe jear of PAD in Telecommunitions Emgtcting a & [potas frase coverage ofa wide range of Testament mtwerk runepemen bees Te ome ‘willbe asingitformy grade ste” Sehool of Computing ant Infomation Engineering, University of Ulster, Coleraine campus, odode. etand “be, Subramaran’s Network Management: Props and Prstée provides the most though ‘teinent of rework management to dae. Thre no ffi hs ok. R's oe the roy, ines reader, proceeds fom the ground up. sting With common vetwork manger ‘ooo nd comtoing. 19 cover tekeommuntations management and) bonband. Network ‘mimemert,foctrine on WAN, opal networks eet network and home nesorks. Each ‘lapte tlds nicely upon previo chapters so tht ee isa pial delivery of infomation {Chapter 9, “Netork Management Tools, Systems. and Engncerng” 5 very uel pectin ‘later I proves the reader ih the knowhow o pasa han network ranageme ith ‘arou minagoneat tab. Chap 10 covers the classe model of the Tleconmuniatons Management Never, idispetsable for umlertding mawork angerent. Chapel overs ther ior ayes of network management chang Gul management performance ‘mamgemert surly mmgcent poley-bued mamgemen, an Service kyel mags. ore Chapter 1 eldest seton on eer orelation metods pally ao found in ook on ‘stnorkmanagemes, and this retehing ‘Those two cher pevile sls foundation Toe Imversanding the amgement of WANs, pial mtworks wires ment, and ome networks inthe sitenjent chapters Chplr econ forwantbokng tapes in eetwod geno, including webdasd enerse managanen! and XML-based manage! spprosches. Tha are ‘gpelces on Projet Suggestion apd Labomory Tatras hat render the bok que welled [Gree ina coune on network managercat. Alin all Dr Subramanian’ Bock proves arts fists wean of he inc” —tamdy Lewis Depart! Cla & Prasac,Soutiem New Hampshire Univers, Manchester, USA “This hook fla fong-stmfing need. While ther isan abundance of cous and textbooks tat dal wih typical tops in teeing. ee ist lak of soc books for Network Marogeme ‘en, conept and tscologes lated to Network Management ae ekptted to the lst ew ple Thir bok brings out the et ha ere bs ela eta in is ae, portant [er pmcttionrs as welas suse ‘This took gives comprehensive des ofall pect of network management, in diecr types of coutemporary network, Reading it woul! save practonetsconsigeabe tne and efor, which they might eerie puto reading diver ote wus. This ak an proves he Syllabi Sveum raed fort full edged coume ce Networking Mangere. [would be appropriate for Stents atthe wera swell as posta evel — sar Iyer Indian Intit of Tehooogy Bombay, Mura 1in “tts «very comprehensive book oa Neonork Mangement Systems aldesing the weeds of ‘cade, indsy bath RAD ani Operations Coming om a person Who his work onal thse fence i tekcome the good ting bow tke secon! elton the coven of vaio {Sctonopi Ure Wonks bntedands Rene ntechng nd th clings fees teleport foe NMS Chala Rao Vice Present & Head Global Deiner, Tas Commanizatons Tramoration Serves Ud, ‘Chaat Inia ‘Mani Sabramanian’s ook hs been of grat hsp in our ndegnduite Nawork Management ‘The took vies toh a tp-own view on Network Management aposces amt btm ip ‘lew ofthe mangenestisvetin avaable i snow any Lind of tetwork ecology at ‘Thenew eon bepthe pc oft Hs eon but enhanced tania with mew and ep ‘osulitions empl id contemporary mamgemca sce ‘The presration is intrperod wih the author's longstanding experince wih Network “Manabement andi (ols wie Delp he radr tins deep aderonding of te eon tehind Network Management mods, pool series and els — Mass eur Blkinge Insite of Tecnology, Kelston, eden “This ein tke of om the previous one wih 3 rnewed perpetive on nawork masagemet, locopoting eevee developments ot the pas deen, The weatme ofthe pi gums wih 1 problem statement st the sen fora eal overage om network mamagemen! systems and thew amacated rotoeok. Mapping of TMN and TOM gives swelled lew of bth the implmeatirm. Dr Sutramanian’sexpenence wih the implemortation of network mangement in major tls lends sthentety to the wenect ofthis ites subject To summa, the ‘ook mou be valu stdets nd profess lke’ —Apappan Pats Head, CMS, Tata Communications Lu, Mumba nia Preface Network-centre World and Role of Network Management ‘Tho word in the information rs has become nawork cele. Daly, both pasonal apd intcunal, i rebworkcens Cntan-ol tekphone technology Pas bows ody 10 he converged tecommuncitions am (Ets communications tino er. We ae Uaked To und iartce wih th glotaly “at wor via ellie ‘he nfermaion cm has blk a werd of formation nctwoxs an ystems Bat we need operate lise, nan proviso on an on-going Fass. Tat sour chulenge. ‘Ares of management of ntworks, tems ml applcatos in dt and tecommoniction services arent only the responsi of wlecommmicaton and even nissan snare bodes bt abo of te sealer ‘wot Stidets austin ors ehnal colleges ad wiersaes we expel to be pepe 1 te «ewok fn lo to design a o manage one. The exstingprocedre to design and test some ey eons ais enone! wh expen al sometimes willows desgn networks ab et then in ve tiation A copes Illy fines ede witout the deplyient of eal wea networks (LANG) In ei networking enioae. ‘The mary of tomes developed tons have a home network dering wie, vide, ané dation. ‘Wiis protfrting we othe Inert and We ecology the sajext of networking and notvork management ms bese part ofthe scenic cream. This texbook, odie tn sears ap, fas Ben pr of this obits Ths sew oie rags now tebe end servis o nknguteind gate deartone a ‘woad ans of what skaown we aotwork management, Justification fora Textbook om Network Management (ers decade ago when stared teaching course on metwork management, thre wat need fort textbook tia Sted unter rojremens |e aaopeon of ths book By colleges ana erates aos he WoF Ms fav ied that vost as mtworing education has bom rough foes th raat ode lear level his etm ofthe textbook hae Ben peated tht arpa ofthe back cn be wed the nor ne ‘vir undarradate lee al inter aro the grate Kel ahi adrees the sense of el ere Ws ‘veo gt ine o gua Kno lege actworkmanugemea (Once asin, note abt the tle of this bok: As nated inthe ear ation, the tle das ot tly eft the anton fe book teeause we want 1 hep it secenet The fook covers manogane pies. pati, and techologes for manging nesworks, sstens, applets, ul vevies The took designed to be ele Contino tat he alent does ot hve tenes nan to! hs ook oma A sept has Boe de ‘ovtrke the ah Blane between terial bacground ad paca! apes of mcworkng Te eaten of [matic espets inl some eahworid examples and "war ores” If" pcre is worth a tesa wor” Ss book comais abou milla. Jut asa programming couse requis taison powanming exerbes, 50 ‘cs x network managemet ecu, 0 we fave aed Ibori Yo the append, which sppement ‘chsvcom teching ‘Aaj adit the book isthe expanded tenet of roaitand nawork marapement covers “ipl ly” sevies a vic. vient ai communications Hsp the metork over the segments of wide nen nett (WAN) acces network to bam, hone doen actos icing LANs Mtimed commento Iseovrl fom the spect of ied tanemisbn mela of ate, dighalmtecrer ine, sl ops ir wll ‘thd ant nile wise, “This took expos the stent 0 cure metork mangement technol. Ath competion ofa our wing this othe saa oul eer ener the mdty wah equate networking knowlege or ria shoo fo purse Father resnch and specialization About ve Comtents The book is dvi into fow pn, Pa 1 deak with tacksround material om oxtwoking and networking technologies Par I resin network management schtectires and pots, The few ton SNMP an TP heck management. Pa Il exons network matazenea othe maragenem of wlecomusicaons WheD Isles otwonks, systems, opts and buses sve, and managanen applications, The la and ia, Part V conde wih the manage of teen evans andthe est tenis mmgenent tecionlogy. Par Iconses of Chapters 1 and 2 Cpe presents an overview of etwrking and network management His intends ro ont cron sm fp dr norton ut alo aa moto forthe ster. Chater 2 revi networking fsinobgy with slam on management axpects. The cure, fr whi dis eck i imende, acne thatthe ter hs basic Iowledge of dla communications and networking. However, me revi them tly Chapt al 2 Is extremely diet 0 cover mach ore an Te bass of prtocs “igorths, and procedres of anspor pot! jes 2. 3, and a5 wel as bse ries of components of TAN ‘ind WAN networks in such s coure Not much techy cam Be covered, an neverk mame ‘ependsseongly on managing networt comporets bt oe basal onan everevolving Wehtsogy. beree the reverse ofChpier?. stn bec skipped orconre in parts y the ricer, Relea set cou ak be {sed wor dca wh subjects a Pats Il, and V. Hower, «woul be asta elrenee mera fr no ‘csroom kames wn war a codec 0 peso ard eto age Copter 3 tg 9 form Pr Il Basic foundtion of mode hat ae nde 1 bil varios netork Imamneinect arhocues and protocols are cowre. OS-based nator manganet bly sod, bat as om eng fundamen concn For complenet ofthe wbjet, i welaed im Append A. SNMPned protoob tat manse TCP notworks ae covered in Chapters 4 tough Clup 4 and 3 are devoted Exming the concepts awe of SNMP (cersion I) in netork manapemet. Chaps 6 asl 7 del with the addon spsiteations dtned in versions 2 and 3. Chapter 8 extends network anagemect sig remot ‘enor taj Caer 9 Ueno oti at eink agent ue Tie alte mt ‘Rates ofsome of he wisely wed ewok and system management SM he abo covered. "Network management more thn just maging the network infer. Par Il adesss this fom the fenice, basins, am! mppatons point of ew. Chapter 10 exe the management aren to cover bender Specs of network managment Hom managing Hetwork clenen's and networks fo sevice and bases: Imamgeect as aldesed i Teleoramunicatons Management Network (TRIN) sana. The know los ‘jd om management ook and systems, 9 wel aso principles Part bape praca pple ‘managing Gul coniguation performance Secret accountng whieh ras e coments of lap 11 “The hratatn f louinmnitat wal data commits is being incengly fey in Wondand ‘comunkators, In Pan TV, the boudband vtwork Is smumated imo WAN, sets nctwork, and Domne {iarittn network Chapt 12 dai wth WAN. Pteshbgy hs em exosvly desk whim Pate ‘he managerent of ATM rstwork MPLS ntwor, aid optkal SONET'SDH'DWDM naork manage i ‘covered in Chapter 12. Chapter 13 alesse wed onda access networks in binging serves fom core ‘WAN to hone. Management of abe, DL, and FON arth he ehnologis ht we cover. Five and mabe ics eces twa management nt subj mate of Caper 14 Having beh oe, vile, aml a {odoand serine hme needs © be disribted side custome premises ni managed. This steep oF ‘Gscuon i Caper. ‘The impsct of emerging tecnolgis ina We taed and objectrieed mnagement sytem & the fre of imanagonce cio lbs, which s aldesiad a Chip 1 Sugeston or Course Sys Par 1 and I slog with th Laboratory Tors in Append C form unk for undergraduate curs. Pats I tm TV ae sable fr grade-level rues wih senevel sets adit withthe mst of he nrc, The complete cantets of thé took re mae tha ca be covered ina quire of even a seit coun The lncuctor ray do a nix and matt” bereen chp 10 sut fsa meds if SNMP bass od some of te frome! networt management ae 1 be coveted ince semester Independent ofthe chic, a project accompany ths couse eceumened, and sagen ae gen Appeal Fora dedical coume on network mangement there are erence. Ifthe focus or SNMP management, ‘hon Chaps 6 trough 8 covrag SNMPv2, SAMS, and RMON, respectively, cay be wl. Tat can be followed with network managment fot andy sems (Chapter 9) and appewtons (Caper I) {icleconmuniatons i ephasizd (hss ove key in conser egineting schol), then t woul egood ‘0 cudeTelesommunictions Management Network (Chapter 0), troadbnd services area the seool, hen Pst IV (Chapters 12-16) euldbe inched Filly ifthe elon ha reste program on nebvork management it sagese hatin ulin tothe pea twas oltre, marugenon applications in Chapter 11 be dealt wa a depth a aldkon adequate wate of ‘Advanced Managemen Topics (Cpe 16) strongly sigs “To the Instructor ‘This texthook i designed as a dure ook. tcan be wd for undergrad course athe jmir othe senior feel or fr graunoovel cous. assumes tht the senha ake «proteus cote in er dia Ot ‘elecommanistion nor orbs equivalent hase. However, the book des fevew needing fom & namapemer fous prior dealing eesti wih the rin sje of etwerk mammgement With the protic growth of newotking, network managements exec 10 becone pat of the sendemie Carvin sné si Dock wl be wre bah Computer Sem ad hve aml Computer Engines, ‘Stool pela networking (Online Supplements: Soon to eens ae wri irc Bons the Pesos: Vint sd ‘nthe format of Powerless fr intr an uns ae aval o all om the Person webs Gat ‘fold ciate teaching and nte-aking ne cls. ‘The book oul abo be wed asa eferenee mtr if ou are Lin &Contiming Edueation couse cm nctwork ‘aanagenot. The PowerPos ses will come in hady a casstoor is have fod tht sae Ie take Ime knowles inthe om of a took in ai vo the caer mal. The ethor waleomes suasestions Sd neil oben td my be ache at ninsiee or ‘To the Stade Aough the took i writen a9 tettok to be adopted or a couse, ational intra is proved in he {nt wen! serve ara reference ook fren afr graduation, For etal, ar norma proved beg with refaeaces serve 8 afingboard © acces adam! Aedepth dels om any spend ‘manage tpl “The book Is aio gure towend s¥imethatad angers in the iniuary who ave caper 10 em never: miogemet the ener has accesso netek rsoees, aly ofthe hand-o exces oul be peti [AL mini, wouS! provide enough too anf howled for We fated workar when he ors amt ‘eas the ntvork ures and doe mt kioW “The aor nets forthe cons fs Bok has crs fom sides over course orings she 196. thas ten reviewed at vatiou levee an vars ath by mary sens My tanks fo protisely 19 Profsor Taothy Gonsalves ad Dr Usha Ran fr making major comtutons 1 Chapes 9 und 16 respectively. We have shared together leaching the Network Managemen curse at Tian Insaut of Techobbgy Madras. thank Pofauor Gort Par for motivating me tere OM with cond ‘eo; an 1 unfree ht be oul mt participa as a contin ator de ther commie owe {gate several persons a NMS Works who hae elped in various ways the preparation ofthe mans ‘My spec tanks 0 ins Raghavan for gsnoraing topological views of CyaNet NMS tht estado the teutbok pesetatio, 10 Mangopal ab Aaiiyan fr SDH execs, a Yo Saash Chania or help wh ‘etwor Bas iti pes, “Many seviewers comenets and suggetons ve contributed wo the riemessf the comet ofthe sein hat Ser th bai ofthe eioe. ove spat grande fo Lid) Levis, wt hs ude rime ond pei "gestons for boproveen in he fax eden, The reks of atcrvicns described fa Chapter 1 gemaaied Postvefbck fom reviewers and stds, and hank the flowing wt Georgi Teh fr Comsenting to be Sterviened: Cas D'Angelo, Rom Hutchins, Dr Mile, hn Miz, al fs Muli. Some of ti ape stories, were provied by Rob Bove, Ron Hutchins, and Dave Miler Brann Rhodes an Oleg Kokko provid Some reting pascal exmises ob nls i the took My turks go w Sojan Jose, Commissioning Eatr, M.E. Saharan, Senior Prueton Edo, and Jeaie Ssmic!Sarginer, Ausciate Praicton itor, of Pesnon Editi fr hee exerviling coopenten ‘sucessfully cin the second edn rough campo 1am indebted tthe Ii Insite of Technology Maas Sr proving time off for me 10 come ox withthe Second edition. I ao wae! 10 Dash Profesor Ashok Jnana, Timo Convex and Bhaskar Ramamurthy of TeNeT Group Sor pong me han evirenmert to il my doi of he Tong-neded paade oe bosk. My wit Ruth, conned bee consti roe othe book by iaptig revlon, ting ase losl copy eter, tn bing pndicon manage of maser Tak you asin uh About The Author Mani Subramanian ‘Mani Subramanian is Cir Profesor tI Ite of Techmoogy Mana were he tas sures on ‘Netork Mangement and Broafband Communication Systems, He ia the Drestor of NMSWorks Saltire Solutions Priv Lid, Chew, Inf. He meted» nctwork mangement progam a¢ Gcorgia Isic of ‘Tecilogy it 1996, where he is pest on the Ajne Focus. Theft edion ois bok, pushed i 2000, ‘ecuently adopted wa textbook in or fleen counties an tsa nto Chinese for Higher Eduction (China For over 45 yeu, he has led research and development at several IT corporations inode Bll aber tas bec i the ly tice veri ales fuel eth manage companies ih Iwondhand wens, As an eed Dietor of the Neork Management Forum. he ws response for th Fst ‘enw of OS NM specifies, Dr Suiramann rived he PRD. fom Prax Univer Part I: Background CChupor | poses an oveview of rlxommuncatoas, data communication, and neovork Imimeement Is oad view of networking ud etwork magenta wih an aaony ofthe teleone network. Telephone ewer alms vay’ wonky nd hte ae aon fr ‘eNeving gully andvelably. You wil arn the ltt beter data comenolatons and {ckcommunizaton and how the Gssion ftw the wo fe awl dieppearng, The inlence ‘of desktp computing and stituted computing envionment based o centre architects has evolionnd computer communication. The lect ma wordwie fare an ou wil ear {0 morte how iran rave aeroe& aan the plate, Hasso ormnsation protocol {hd aie we preseied alo win various stars Slt equivalent appizaons re sed {Silhsratons comping the Inemetant OSI wowsot, Compnets of ewok niente dete ad conpleenked by interviews with network, Imamgen, wine eperinces emphasize the need fr metwerk mamgemen anf 4 petork Combe tar. Rte ummgenert omer: thn jl’ managing tae Nebr ‘ameter is preset om th aspects of service management, opens sippee sea, {inl bones management The platorm for a network mangemert sytem Seed asd 9 hent-sever acest. Chapter corlades wih smote on fare Wan i twee agent twxoogs. ‘Chapter 2 focus om nesnork technology. You may skip this chapter ify ae fiir ith the Prete np of mtwerking yor ae kabler on picks fda communion this Sapter will feip you appreciate the vechroogcal apes of i. Yon wil kar how various {opologts se mnplemered ia LAN an WAN naworks Bisks of Eee, Token Ring, al ‘epyad TAN ty, LAN enon om bate Een Gabi Een wih he a IE ‘dup configutioe i resents. Switched Eterm as apa to expand the bandwith ad the Seabilay of LAN. Veta! LAN is npleetal ing atu dehed Ehret hab scconplishing ‘ledbiley i administration of workstons aeoet mkiple LANs. You wil em the various eawork component—tbs, bilge, routes giteways, an protocol converters ed Yo Be Imamged A bt review of wie en networking al tmsminaoe echnolgy alo reseed ‘roaftand wctoog) i rely deserted la this Suter, but deed dsxuston of wil be one in Part TV hie drsing the maemo of broadband networks ad sevice. 1, Data Communications and Network Management Overview Objectives Teksommuniction overviw Dats emmuncatons veri Bvalton oeonvegel networks Desktop process and LAN teinclogy (Ce Sever ehecne a ntvortng, Interstand inet Newer conmniaiva protools (OST and inrnt standard Broan net a seine Nev fornetwork manager and NMS Operations, Amino, Nalsteance, an Proving Netvott mnamgenet acini unl expan Cone af Nevark Operon Cee Rengertnes of metwork marge ment Nenwork mimagemen’ sn Lookabad ofnetvodk management techaclogy ‘This caper deminatmis the mcenity of network stem and service mange! in proving inrmation vecnolog GI) services. Ths cellengs a TT mages face ae pseudo ot testi To get eckod ‘owt netovk mmgerert We stn ith te iso of compete eoramancaion wok you tag Some re ‘wold sae histones spon pram an overveofsaslous pets of vor anagem ‘The telephow stem is known to be ery rable and dependable, One can make a teptone al om awe \o'aytere ala tine of te day am be reasonably se That he conection wl be mde al the quay Of enecton wll be apo. This & poy due fo te ecient managemem of he elephone network. Satin LL “node he concep of mangeren for he nce of elephnentwor by ming Operation Sepp Sten (0889, Computer commanicaton inal wl the telephne network to cay dia dat. There wa x lear demarcation betwen th mtb ekeommuniaton nethok nd computer emnunicaonntwork The evoltion feel ‘impute communication eons eat wi in Sct 2 Computer communication wechology radally chang withthe advent of dediop computing pov and ‘ited comping envnmens(DCEs) wing lea mes networks (LAN) a esrb in Seton 1.3. mmutieation using Inuret bueane a wealky WEN the iaredusion of TCPAP-tsed networks Sev Lo ‘scribes Inte ant ita flowed fy dcuson in Secon LS on ihe importance of commmnkation ‘rool an nas. ‘The ex phase inthe evolution of was the todo of ronda service Vice. video, and dm oul he EDD! 2 Network components des Rowers 3. Gew 2 Cit switching and packs switching 2° Traminontecholoey: Transmssion mei: Wired and wiles © Tramemison mgr © Mukiplexing TDM and WOM . SONET ant SDH 2 Matiedis eters and senices 1m Choper 1 9s learned that a natwoek comprises odes and Unks. Nodes ae switchs, bles, utes, oF tomas Links comprise Local Aven Networs (LAN, Wie Are Networks (WANS), Actes Netwods. oF ‘Custonur Promises Equant (CPE) Home Neworks, I is chyer we wil revo tase orponots om the empectives of concep, ectonogy and mangement. We wl im our eviews olfeme- sed comport {nl some ofthe elesommuniationsomponens. Components asoeiaed with boatand pie networks will be ‘coved in dtal when we alee tm nr chapters Seaton 21 presets various network tplbges of LANs and WANS. Ip Sete 22 we stat wih ase Eee. ‘and thon tere the development of Eee, Fost Ethernet, Giga Ethos ard sited Etat Token Rite svat the nent cormmonly wed LAN fa the IBM rns coment, bcos technology wes Tolee Ring Tchtectireo develop Fier Disbfed Das ltrs (FDDD, Fenty of LAN tities has beso ineressal by the development of vwal LANs (VLANS, Witelest LAN (WLAN) hs becone ba import component ofthe moder eto Network nde components frm he conten of Sesion23, We st by desing the implementation of LAN as 2 dimrae component, ah LANs oe teronneted y bridge A tga networks mae po emt rls is wes wpobgy. LAN capa te commacted in a mash WAN topo ass tours a nodal composes Auiononons WANS wih vase networking proecols are inercoaeced with gutways that pote ‘comerson at nawork ayers and above. HalFrkpshalroutercomiguation is wed for Inert pote yont emanation lak. Te daca of Sectin 23 ends with suichng component and the pat it phy in WAN topology, Wile are two til dicta in Seton 24, It eh ebsomminenbon network tt compote (ced) conmuneuiontanere a bre diane Secon 25 akireses transmission technology. It comprises wied and winless txhnlogy dat tmnspors ‘nfrmaton over LANs and WAN. The mode of rninaison my be ee aog or digtl ada mestage ay oat in ter mode, or par of the way In ana oe an the etn igh This baeomeseopecally tru in trosband mutimeds sewer where, voice and video ae integnted nto sommon vs, Integrated Series Dial Nawork (SDN) Broafhand networe made up of hybrid tetnoloies eroded in ‘Secon 2.6 fr completeness an is sessed in etal Pa IV. 2, Network Topology ALAN ise share medio svg ary DigtalDataTemnital Equipments (DTES) besa in lose print, ‘Seas ina ing LANs coal a be deployed ina camp environment nee may ul ‘The topolgs te asocbaed wih LANS: bs rng ns topolog Tere essa foun pst topobg at Combines ar topabgy wih ether the other tro and is knw as 8 hb. A Bub pls am poate twig as we wll 5008 ka LAN topgy depict the confguntion of how DTEs are intcomnectd Difeentpotcal ae wd in ferent ‘opolgkal sonfguatbns, Bus axiloaur iy inplrwned a LANG ang Eee protocol Token Ring sit "PDD! configurations we the ing toploy. FDDI can cover «ich lager geographical ore than Token Rion apper Fierrng opoogy hasbeen extended wo Synchronous Opt! Network (SONET an Reser Packet Ring (PR), SONET and RPR can te considered seognphicalExensbue of LAN to WAN, ao bio a “Metoplian Area Network (MAN), al ue ile prtoeok Asta topoloy is wed in cabin inasrocare {eel se ar nectar fo WLAN wns maemo (APY [WANs ae configured using thr the mesh or he ee opty: The mesh topology ise most common frm Inter oung Te ree tpoogy berployed in ttwork tng toner, whch ae ripe! mrt do the ‘outing funtion OST yer. Isao known as pacing ee cafgwraon “The thee LAN topologies and Bub contigtion ae shown in Figure 2.1, In the bus topology, Figure 2.4) all Dsare ons shared bs and have equal access the LAN. However, ony ne DTE can have contol at my one time: A mmomzain algorithm dtermines whch DTE has comrol ofthe LAN at ay given time Ths ono ‘Swed i Ethst LAN. Because cllsion our whom ore a oe tain es o Sze the LAN alo aba these vine, the bus LAN wal urstions a ches thn fl een. thret pote specie ty THEE #023 sandr ee 2 LAN Topas (we) Br] ore] mma — for \ 7 fe) &% 1, ‘ee Ll eet mien on (ornate Figure 218) shows the rine topology was mos popular by IBM's Tokemiing LAN. I this opoog, ‘nchoctveDTE connected othe takes rs in soning information 1 aver DTE ie Hig which may be ‘Sicreeesng belorn ping w ciel strc ies PE coms rr rg ‘om o th ring and contol snc by tohen-pasing system, The DTE olson ote tks ile Ks Sendig cata ul rckses tos dawns neighbor rumba its ris fished Ths the poces in {he topology drm and LAN opoas tainost ful bata efelee IEEE 802-5 Spee Yolen pretoe FDI chnolog lowes ing configuration, pleating EEE 8024 stand, Figure 2.(¢)tepresets sar tpology tht wit. one wd in star LAN. However, iat pron used in x ytd mods, a5 disused im the mest pargzaph Inthe tar topo} gy, all DTES ae comeced Yo a eral node and imerconneeted in on of vo mes. They ca be cometed in rosea configuration. In his congo ll Ihe odher DTEsvecie data tamed by a DTE. This wool be similar ts tus topo. Inthe second ‘configuration, DTES ave comeced othe otal nde, but are intrcomectd o a pal-we hss skeen ‘his simation ripe conserations can oso concurtety betwen vrous DTES passing trough he cet de, ‘As menione ea, hub conguation ues star topology in combination wih ether a bs ra cken-sing ‘opooay The hub coniimns shown in Fine 2.1 ae te os popular LAN implementation. The hub tho Koown ar Layer2? sw itis hyd baween (0) ant eter (ao) DYE ar cetroncallyconected ‘o ech oer at th canal sods inter the bus or ten Lopology. I thy ae comectad in bows enfiguration for an thamet LAN, allan Ehret hab. I BTEs sre sormcted ining oly for ie ‘ih okemring LAN, tis elle afok-ng tah \WAN dirs fom LAN in that it inks networks ht are geography separated by ang distane. Typically, the WAN Tk corms odes male pf sles, ies am er [WANs ae comste in ethera mesh ora tres tpsogy, a show in Figur 2.2 The mesh tool Figure 220), [ovals mips puts between node Th, a messige tween ones Ni and N may terse te pale NI [GINE-NG NENENS-NGNI-ND-NS-NSNG,NENE-ND NSNG NI-NENS-NG NUNGAS NENG, and NE-NS-NENS.NE, This allows pockets telonging to amesige totes diferent hs bling Iba, eter provides edundancy fr ruby of service Howovet a broadast mesage for NI wal eet ‘ne wil be ebondes y neighboring ses N2, Ni an NS to al eb nodes, Thi could ease dingo the network and boping of packets which ads obs carly adie ed. Flooding i rade recing these kas ralipe tines, and louping apace going wound nodes in lop, such ss N2-AS-NI-N2 ot NUNS NE-NI-N4 pus. Ames topology uty implmensed wig Siches en utes ‘A tee topology i shown a Faure 220) I appears rahi aehtsctre. The we secure stat wih ‘ode, cle he Raver node nd ano at other nes mate veer cn be n loss! oop Uheneterk steve, ats beeen aades maybe kngr. For example epic! fom Ndw Néhas eaves the top of te herrcy NI ant then down t9 NG The tee topology i snp enplemem than he mesh ‘opogy al wesc te OS ain er 22, Local Area Networks “Thera to ipa of LANs tits Splye ts bud rng ted. The ct common bead LAN i tort ad she most wey dopoyedLAN. Rig based LANs ae Tokwa Ring ahd FDDI [A rqresetton of campus network wth direst LANs i shown in Figue 23. Te cktone of he camp ‘enki fb netwerk 10.10.40, The ntatonof he fort cna poston bxng Os se to represent ‘etonk aise Eat LAN (10.120) connected to the backbone Vina fuer Workstations o hs LAN have the uth decinal posi ia thei IP address fom 2 SP aes 10.12. Inerfice alesse ote router and te ies. 0.1.26 ae the saz forza | toaza tor2s “The second Eteret LAN (10.10) come to the ist Ethane (1.12.0 va ge. IP ales 10.12 to 101.25 are meres fo workstations andthe TP aces 10111 the imficev he bsg Notice ht ‘ter fs fom 10.10 Etbemet fase were 101.20 Eteret LAN. 102.10 a oherving LAN ‘omecte the heckone FDDI ig vi router. Two other LANS tht re connected the backbone are ATM Erle LAN (ELAN) (10.410) vs aoe an an Eahervet LAN (1031.0) va olf outers The ll routers ae connected via dap ink. soul epost eut that ms campus networks curly dep hie ‘peal Ethernet over fier trdiom and LAN ie excises rnd LAN: We il evi LANG is ec nano eoponents i Seton 23 221, Ethernet terete us ahitectre wth Carer Sese Muhiple Acwss wth Collison Detection (CSMALCD). TES are allcomesta te same bs and rare dis ina mkt aces mode. ner words several DTES can at trating famosa th same ine A fine compres er da tht are ecapsled with x Reeder conning the source ad destimton adaess, A DTE stars tunsating when thre so cari esd onthe us. The trunmited sal raels in both instionson te pha medi, While tans, ie collision vith athe fame i deed, the DTE stoys Waiting sed ater again aera crain eviod. Ths, the male of ‘maison sa toads type wih pokailii olson ofthe signa. ‘A good enlogy wo wena the callson phenomenon is emision tow pipe with Noes ll alms reprstig ston, Tee i a person at ech hole tepreseing aston, Tees of te ppe ae sae and do ‘eet som, Lets pp oe ts pecking uf tne wero ond othe pp He tae see be dons ‘ut bea argh speking bor bests (caer sensing). Once be stats aking, be bas to make sue a ‘toy ei stat thing ul he fishes He does this By coming vo ak ada the sume ine lenin for ‘ther message on the pipe Ife fers nobody el, he a no colisin We hers somo eke, then Bi ‘nese bas cella with anter pecon's message and sy Hh ae osu over agin Tho oes! ine a Ie nso wa sr a voice touch i froma person peaking at aha wet he ferent pe a hat ion st speaking jt fre ous voce eas hn From this anagy, we can cll tht emi, ‘heat oie hat oe ha erp aking ene ta thee no olson he round promgtionime oF hi voice atoms the length ofthe pipe Thats minimum frame sie fr xm pack whichis 9 Byte tis eae Exec forthe sn reve t, IEEE and ISO standard have been devebped for Eterna Sead layer MAC. They ae IEEE 8023 snd 80 ‘8023, respctey.Ascorting fo hese stds, «physi coxa sepmt can be & maximum of 00 meters, there cam tea raciur of 100 DTEsconeced to ¥. A masini of ve cements cx be comected wih ‘Sue opeters 10 frm one Ethernet LAN. However, the are aches nthe LAN, Ue etre, th my one eet pment shook! obey te above le ‘Theda ronan Eller fs i tal 10 MBps (ion bis pr econ. When tai the bu aces about 0% to 70% of th masiman ata ate of 1 Mbps, deen on he ac sz, peromanc deabes ily into non ete te. Ts bor ese Cae botck (AF Samet, bt Re sm ‘Ber dplyed) or hin 025" doe) cml cb sod DTEx a ape on 9th tar commen ‘Thre ina ssa pment cg fer LAN Sposingon he med. Tite inate 21, Teena Imi on he kmh oe sop bee abe om te LAN tp othe emectoron te newer merc ead (SiC) ofthe DIE Ths ao swan Table 2 As can be son fom the bly the oil men gh Steed for 1a seen he mini poset nar of 54 tyes, Howenan wth diferent Sete Stown nth ule (1esc, Ba, 10Bu an BF pment Koha drop esr edo theme However the wink Se sil mai at 68 yes. "ahem LAN Topas Ln pe Duron Seementtengy Drop cabieLeneh tonese2 Thin coei025") 200metes —_Netaawed roBeses Thekcoa04) SOOM — Twitedpne SOMES set Wibteplory WA ‘wised pai 00 meters sf Wibtepclory Wik 2 loner fer "Ethemet LANS usd 1 be ecfiwed by runing cx cable round the DE with exch DE being tapped on the cle. This could cause 4 prea deal of manageneat pote in tacking sky DE Ite so iieak ‘olse aDTE tat cased hem fa en the LAN, or llr DT tht a. problem nd rings the network on equa is ely tha sometinesthe maximum length of tere LAN coud have excedal the alla limit Te nok could hen crash erties coul as lave a inert pote, ven mafic onthe LAN exceeds the heal These problems have ben eliminated by sting wp the Eee! TAN in hub contguratin, ae shown in Fac 2-1) All DIE ls, "op are out oI cae nl ting chet and coneced to dest prof the fb, DYE ae connected inside the hub in on tert confipstion with activ eletoni. blo astociad wi a DT: cin now be isla to pot in ‘hs comiguraton al esolved ina much ease Eshion “The hub etnolgy desi above ed to the development of Fast Hemet echnobgy, Fs Ethemet opens a 4 syed of 100 Mbps ca ronan untied twisted pir (UTP cable and cal 100B.e. The tsxirar kengh fom th tothe DTE: specified ax a 100eter ofa 20etr rund tp. This reds x ram th la, ich he delay hetweon evo DES of 400 mse pis a reper dey of oe reefer send of | Tour reper. Tei es han onthe deity in sagt Etherct MAC specistons (3000 mee) four repstr, Ths, sped cane nee ten tins fom 10 Mbps to 100 Mop, However be consent, IEEE #023 sandr an alton snes, comergence lye esd Wo be iacoducd in the psa yer hove a pigscal medion dependent (PMD) sible (slr Wo what We Sw i the OSL eto ager. TRE Shown a Figure 24. The pial maim shold be capa of caring = 100-Mbps data ate sigal oeethe ‘atimum lth the dep cae whch 100 meter Ctepry 3 UIP este cant cry sch a igh arate Hens, four prin of UTP cabs are ed to detrbte the ta, each pr canying 25 Mops. Hees, the termbology [O0Bine-T4 is wed, 100 Mp cari oer fr tied pare The Uition could be ‘verse ung to pits of Calgary $ UTP cle in fll duplex mode configuration wich we wil dicues in Scxton224, The minim pocket sis OF 68 bcs manned fr Fae Eee Converge apr nae Se agaromaat Po: Py acu genet 2.23 Gigabit Emernet Wah the successes of Ethernet and ie ote communications, he ical evo in Ethemet chology bd 10 tte development of Gabi Ether, Euomet cpralins at 1 Gps (sbi per scan). Gia Eerie Ine tines the spol of regular Ethernet ten ines ht of Fast Ethers ne fer han FDI operating at 180, Mins ‘Along wth the development of Gigabit Fikemet, parle ak was underaken to double the bandwidth of| Ehret by fll plex operation. We hve so far costed ony bal dptx peat i the CSMAICD ste, ‘We wl it deeribe Gib Etre nthe CSMAVCD ha-doplex mde in bis ston and soreser the fl dup mode fra ypes of Ethernet in the ebwing subsston. ‘An approach sir to tof Fas Eeet wa ahan 10 make Cigale Ehanet compa wth to exiting ‘thret network: IEEE S023 pretenk ose ature sown sn Figure 2, mamta the dats Ek Iyer omporents gis nk coma (LLC an he wai css conte (MAC) th same, ad modifies he psa ‘aye Physical yer aritcture combos the psa neice of the Nehspand ieeChaamel(devebped for ‘ber opt:communkcaton) with the of TEEE 8023 Ether lune format omiss of bur abies: ysl ‘nedamependn! PMD), pail mem attachment PMA), converge, an recenlion which races ‘ih te MAC hye ro | entender [UA Pye acu Acre ‘Pt Pacts ust ‘Giga here specication niall permits ws of teepyseal wedin, They ae: long-wave Isr over singe ‘mode and. uitimode Tbs, 1000Seue LX: sore wave leet over uliode Mer 10Q0RaseSX: Claes Shield 150-ohm copper cal; and UTP cable 100BeseT, Both shortwave (7 nanomatr,lightfnquency) aod ogwave (1300 nanonte,netinared Sequeny) laura speed o te tanenited ver multimode Ber, whrem ony long-wave ler speciation alee ‘ansmisknoversnge-node ier. Theres support fr short-nave ser ovr sles Mb. Tis sod fom cont perfomance Long wave ls over siagietode fiber (300 manometer se be 9 micon et) ean be ‘ed up fatto dee, wes mutiode ber pial extends up 99 kibetrs, Commercially ‘alae matimods fer ae $0 and 625 miro a dancer with fiber eotator tht can be piggl pment. Tab 22 summarize approxima the vars combinations of mia de and op leg (Ome ‘ty Aeration iin the ange of 025 © 0.3 desl perkins, fer Which regeneration or empiiston my bere ae 22 Gea ene Tp Lins 9 Meron Sige 50 Micon Sle 50 Micon 625 Mion Slane Shidded UTP fade Nowe aimade ikimede aba toate. 10m an ssom om - - tomer: som 20m - - "oble22.Gig ere Tp Li 9 Mon Single 50 Meron Single SO Men G25 Mixon Galanee Sheed UTP fhode Mode Matinade Malineds ean o00ssse: = - - am - In Fire 2S the PMA i seis that hades mahi eacoding Schemes of te upper oaverzenee [jr The encoding sehen diferent ere pte (8108) al copper main inthe convergence ner The ‘eeoilton lajer ina Meta ladependent ntrfae (MI) betwen he ysl mia a the MAC layer of the ‘in ink contol ye. ‘An aed complication of ping 1 | Gbps sped isthe minim Fame sie. Orga Ethernet specications, Isat 2500 meter i Teng ith Bu enters cack roding persia -mizosond dey ad 10. Mops dat a, requied a minum of 6b fame, shown a Fig 2a) detect any slision Teneo scconmode the 6s fame dete a the ting eich 51.2 mirsecons. Aw ide Hine of 6 fa ‘vas ald bewoon frames os shawn Figure 2b) Fax Ethane wid a 10-newr op, [0-6 dam rte, {in ene repeater (mini ine ech packet nn to averse ina ongraton) wool ke a ilove five Imerosecons Ts, aso ie of [2 misossconds wih a (be minimum fame se meas the mal 5 bytes sim, as shown in Fire 2.60) tobe compatible with oil Etbemet specifications. rough in Gigabit Birt i rinarly deemed bythe Pope day. To be buckard sompaie why ina Ethernet specications based on CSMAVCD, the sum pocket size was edeled To S12 bytes, bu the minima fare size was ill ep 6 bys, For smal Bames, carer extension was alowed 5 shown Figure? 60 teense tember of yest esto S12 ye caresponling 41096 icon (EE Re aF ne For Car 5 | Seer | Stim sate toe | epson) | estat (Ope Eoerat Fane {a single suibo. This called pacha busting Deis could sd Furs of sll pucks nd wlan lL dit capoct In sch sian, the transiting ston soul no wil ime between res. THis ‘ature imprves th eficencyoftruarsin, expciy ithe backbone conigaaton. With creases data te cpa. Gab Ethernet an mnspor mine serie that ines vos, vie, adc Quality of Serve (Qo8) Ba can estas pei of sence 0 seaaplish eine Waumsion ‘Sent eqieent for plementation of mkimetia serie IEEE R02 Ipspeiying the clas of sevice (CoS) ‘mets ths requrement in 2 limited way. Im tion, Resure Reservation Prtocol (RSVP) can be used for ‘vance craton of tad for is pup. 224 FuDopls Ethernet We tave so fir desl in the st wo subsacons lnraing the bandh of Eee by two onder of ‘msn: by minting fom 10 Mips Ethret ko ign Etre. We wil now dics Mow di re of| ‘Ener, Fat Ess and Gib Eur cou be doubled by migang trom wal-dple to fll dope cenfigraion As metoed i the eviews susetion, CSMAICD configuration is halduplex operation. This mens thatthe Signal could meson i oe distin at give nein he cable © avo collision wh another sigan ‘Stedcn 22.1, we gave the anlogy of peaking Into a alow pipe o demesne he colle. Let's ened hat analogy to he case whore thre af two hollow pipes an he sud iallowed otal only in ne destin. One pe earics sound in ore diteaion and theater i the opposite detion In ths cas ich pron cn he peaking on oe pipe ard receiving s menage lfm sometdy ese onthe ole pipe at he same tine. TH ‘aly apps ote stches LAN were cach ton (comes of fh byt chael This isthe Basi onc of fl apex conguation, Carer Sense Maile Aewss with Caer Deetion (CSMACD) des mo ‘ny th confgeain, Wah a sctve LAN implementation with rpeten al the sophistication of cations faa uh CSMALCD retin could be removed a a hub wih a fullples operation oul! be inplemedted. (EEE 80224 ‘pecteitions shown in figure 2, were dele or th purpose Using ths scheme, te enw cold be ‘abled foreach pe of Eltenet configutlon This, the Elem illduplx coufguatin could Fane 20 Mops Fas Etheret 200 Mips, a Gigabit Ehmet 2000 Mbps. The flledplex configuration gecraly wed Ss poitoointsommanicatin. Thi cates be trad oo of in eoafering the bub ora post posk Unk an opal ow ono! fete spied a EEE B02 Sx can bw exscied. The recie can nd apse frame" te tranemer to soto the flow eof congestion Became ofthe $0234 protocol extention, he rtatbn fr Ebert pe mie with an“ extension, Than, Base 1008ae-, md IODBace are medifed to be 10Bae Tx 1008as-Te end [OUBa3e Fs. The Giga "tere ypesaedy dered ening in the option being st eter ill hope, Limktos i Gigs Ett inplenustaon io be cnpae wih oh Erm wit CSMALCD we ‘pliable The Erte ltrs gap (ile bewomn Bans) and 6 minimum packet soe would ses 225 Switch Eteraet Anite xtc of hb technology ith sche Ere. ested fat the iat de aide he ha, packes ae opened Sethe destination ess nd passed hohe eppopate destin port. The sich ub an be implemen asa lasing device by ean the source aires ants bing routing able speedup th pocens Pais of DTEsean communicate wih each llr i paras longs hy ae dierent DE Pes and conseqey, multiples of 1-Mbp chames are traversing the Elem hb the sume tie. This is fhown in Fgue 24 Thee srl, however, bea clison i's DYE wesies packets fom Seo ther DTES Smuiancoualy and neds esbtion ‘Nacal pots nash hub ve wo operate athe same daa ate typical arangeent will fe fr oe porto cope igh data ate and wil be connected oa sever DTE, with ober ports eomeced 1 obent DTES. A ‘Sitshed ib na eliet-server config shown in ig 2.9 with he ener operating at 100 Ms andthe ‘ets at 10M ge 29S ai Ser Conn i 2 a 2 2246 10-Gigabie hornet {A 10.Gigatit tere or 10GKE or 10 GigE the fiat of Ethers sands. t combines the ecobay of| ‘dander iter fallpes Ehret, and svichal Ethernet ocrane TAN hub wah nominate 910 ‘Gbps over fiber IEEE $02 3AE, and ever copper UTP as speed by IEEE B02 Jan tandard A 10-Giabt Ethanet LAN does not fb Iie CSMACD_projcol [Wikipedia], The 10-Gipbit Ets stmlant ‘ecompies a mimbe of difretphycl jer sandr wth ach py pt ns device supporting ano ‘te uy teat modules that suppont diflren LAN oF WAN PHY sands, 2122 Veta LAN Another avanage of the switche Eee! i the capsiiy wo exalish VLAN. Using a network mangement System, any por ean be asignd fo any LAN, and thus LAN conipratons em be changed without physically ‘ovig sqipmen, ln compre cavonment, is atthe verte of grouping personel, for cape, no ‘ion adninsttvepoups wth shared LAN who philly moving tek oon. ‘As an istration, MAC aes fo oss in Figure 2.10 oul be asgned i two ered LANG. Swteing ‘oc by the sich openig the packet received on por reading the OSL ayer? MAC ass, an then tring on aot ft ta maybe conected Wo a erm LAN af diferent sped. We tus hve fortebed spake fom one LAN oan, whichis te fueton ofa ridge that we wl datas a Secon 2323 However, fis worth noting hee th he workstations th are physally comet a switched hb beng © {WoL ANS cochelng deltas Vital LAN (VLAN) ‘The onset of VLAN i shown a Figur 210, The owe este al packets desiod for sutnets 200.100.1501 ‘an 200.100 160 wo te sare porion theron, They wiv athe sich hub and are owe DTE | toagh DDTE sch of the five DTEs shown inthe Gguy cout! te asighed an TP address bloging to ether 2001081500 20-10 160.1 and this wil be termined between the two VLANS.IFDTE | and DTE 3 bth bebo 201100151 VLAN, then rac emanating fm DTE 1 seated or DTE 3 weil have been vied ‘this he sae VLAN, DTE. 1 cal be asian a IP ness 2001001802 and DTE 3 would be asied {ess 20.100, 160.2 In this ese, hey belong fo dren VLANS. MAC afreses remaining ised hey re ‘Ssened inthe to) the pce now sited beter he two VLANS. Servis proves now ofr VLAN capably ht is spa acoss a geography wide oes and eaves through itching offces an WAN. 2.28. Tohen Ring Although Token Ring LAN isa esaey LAN, we wil deco it hte ass ing confuuation, and flsfe ‘edurdaey aspects ve been opted in ier version of LAN an MAN, sch as FDDI and RPR, rectly, “TolenKi toes the lbs topo and ig peild ty IEEE $02.5 poco. Thaw mo Segment ag an 2 [Bernt LAN. All DTEs are comected nt sci fasion ina rng shown i Figure 2.11 ‘A toon is passed around (outer ie In Figo 2.1) i a unidestioma mods an he DTE ta as te token iss cond of the LAN. Lats comer Figure 21 station where DTE 4 hs jor ores tranletn ofa message andi leased tho when DTE 1b waking passe message wo DTE3- A anon te token received, DIE bake cn tothe loken ad trams ks message wo DIE 3. The meng hs th source tnd destmtion sddrenes, DIE? ks a We detnaion sem and does pk ep the message, DTE 3 sani: the desinalon alse, and rlze atthe messages or Mel Te then pets up the masage sn ‘rams # wih acknowledgment narod im he ter of he menage Format The are pes aon to DTE 1 ‘RDTE sot ping Ge memes hep Renn it be ovens bm nied PTE | mt te nto ken and ww DTE 2 fas chance to ser a mesg fhe message wens not accepted by DTE 3 fe ‘on. sach ort eg he messager marked sn peop btn taken by DTE ‘As canbe son, in he whening LAN, MAC is determine in coast othe probabilistic nature in heme TAN Stand hat apeiy tokens MAC are IEEE 6925 snl 180 BOSS. This pood canguation For evi lone twos ‘The maxinum sve of fame is not limited by the 8MD5 sandrd Homo, in oder that no one station ‘monopoizes tn ing the musi ‘okan hag tim by any ation ir soniued, wich deemines te ‘maximum fare sn’ The minimum fame size isthe sizeof the flen The ing shoul belong eoough © ‘Meommde teenie ten otherwise, hehe rts mpping fal rund a le tate eam ‘node ‘ecu of the sel onion is ingot hat any fle of DYE, or tuning he DT of shold not tals the opation of LAN. One scbeme 1 pve this fire is to design he Token Ring NIC ete shot ‘whenever thre sa ire oF stared of Thi is mabgousw serial coated Chriss eles. When (ne tt bus othe ul shots he cometion so th the est eis coum o be here teak in the ik sme of he rig the Jownsrean DTE sed a beacon the ates niting = fale: Foresample ste ik teeweea DTE 4 nd DTE | breaks DUE I wll sl he beacon Ring fire can be permancely resolved by dating configuration, where the second ring i endan, shown in Figure 2143) Let us sume that fe normal mode of operation ie alng the le ng aod the taken {ing around inthe coumecloch wise deco, The ote rng he reduat fg and cts as ack Fie 2120) shows the stuon whee DTE har ied, DTE 2 does ot recive the signal fom DTE 1. DIE 2 ll Send teoan. Undo ts coon DTE 2 and DE: 4 go io a bop4acksondhion DTE 4 reeves th ken on ‘henner ring and forwards ton the ote ring to DTE 3 DT 2 eee the ken on the our ing el fw ‘onthe lane. gue 21 Ten ig Da ing Coates AN soll = W) yen OTE ton )\ \ \ fF yam Segre onsen NK Figure 2 12(¢) show the situation where te sectn of erg between DTE 4 an DTE | boker DTE 1 ses ‘beacon DIE 4 amd DTE | perform loopacs andthe comity ofthe ings among all fur stations is ‘sblishaluring bth aera er as 229. pI Fiber Distributed Daa Interac (FDDD LAN eae no bingo take aantge of herp wansmision media {or LAN technology. It opwats a ate of 10 Mtps and can nee wp © 500 DTES ina snge spent of | 100skicutor ng wtlot mpatens Seation beeen meghowg sitio onthe cao on Ira 2 LKlometrs. A fher-opie cals ns the adage of bw-nobe inrfvwoce compute o copper cal, and hence FDI is aly sued fora amps fackBone network. AS mentioned carer, FDDI is configured as a ag ‘opogy and bas token or main acess contd Ths Slows IEEE BOS waheving nda, bat wih Some sit dirences. fs adopied = an intesion sandard by 150 9314 and American Natio ‘Stnards nttte (ANSI HTD. Figure 2.140) shows the network confgwation of FDDL. 1 is usally impleted a onl cng fr high ‘eb: One ring terme ar pimar and he scot one a eso. Sains can be cme he ig ‘ra single athe sation (SAS) wo the ey eng. or aba ail asaced sta (DAS) to both ings. A Fcmrchical topology can be created wing camzentars, as shown in igre 21300) Concentatos permit taceent fey SAB but ar spn or wiring td expen ofthe FDDI tot, e218 FOC sai ae 1 ‘Allow the ology of FDDI snr ro the Toksn Ring the contol when passing algorithm is deat. the Toten Ring ony one DT. tizs the rg any gen tie, whereas sn FDI there can be may fe ‘tveraag the g with communica between mute p of etna 22.8, Wireless LAN ‘WilessLAN (LAN) gow has hen sen rapid nd eng deplyed atoms, enor, and pai place. ‘iF ats popalty Known, fan IEEE 0211 procol LAN. 802115 end 802 1g operate at 424-GHe and 802 te operates ats §-GHz bang. IEEE 30.11 working groups have ben making amendments wo BI.11 ess saat, proving, perfrmnce, CoS, and security bees, We will nds these along wih ‘anageren nes Chap Ion Home Neorg “The preva contigo fr deplymest of WiFi blah confguaton, also known as instructs configuration. Ths shown Figure 214 WLAN may be visual a a wteles inerice fo a wied neon, ‘hus i Fie 214, the Acces Pol (AP) comers ie IEEE 8023 Ether protsclon awed edu (o BEE 10.11 WiFi prtcol vera wits medi The wie inert connected the eteral ato i citer rovlr ora byer2 swish, gre 214 Wie LAN: Merri apa = ‘1, 2,’ Figur 2.14 Sn dha le able ry cantietion. Apel tigation [pnp compte © eather remoiable race caro itn. Commorication beeen wrk aon pes troupe AP, which a the cool. The mage of Wi sited, andthe area at me he con oF ‘am AP te caled the bai sersic rn. The sans sold with basi seve ae ate ually comedy 8 ‘vind network tanaier lservie aren. [A seond WLAN opobgy $ me ad hoe netvors conrguaton. 9 Mis eomnguaDR, wits ston ‘emmumiats with each oer na pecrso-peer vel whom then sting athe cone ors Bescon at iiscalea. Network Node Components [A nets nde compare a te el fs ewer link such a a ho & oe I alo device tat ‘omens {Wo Hewes, such a6 bridge connecting Two LANS, of 4 gateway comecing tWo sob ROMOHS works. Resouces for etork node as hubs, swathes, rigs rote and ews 7a combination othe tote sich wa outer (sae route) and «stcol hub A DTE, such a worsaon, ot conse ode Hovever, a woksaon hath to network etic cards (NICs) onmeting two LANs aide and ‘omer 4 mle Hubs ae platorms homing one of more fabs. Swiches now we soit devices. Progress in slat echoolgy hs sontbuted othe advances of switching chology tha nclnes an [ATM wich Other str ode ares sites wid balk inline of varios degre. {Ina siplisie view, nde canbe boked a aswich abridge a ou, «gata: The basi compa tho {ur primary nodal corgonents ae shown ip Figure? 1S Figure 2.5) sbows a sch wre ips snd pts ‘ofthe sume frat For eanpl te inp format sa ATM format. the oup abo an ATM fora The Scharber use switch bth alga gta daa, Wheo wed inthe analog mode 8 inci sthing, 8 ‘all setup frst ecm though he sth sm) and then the aro sia is pase hough The wich lasenstive to the infrmation coment When usd inte dial nose, wel a a packet switch Each Inpu puke! is loked aad then sitced the appropri outa pot asd on en. == ae ae ta SS =) epee) SS ‘A beige canbe viewed aan inligentpckst sith atthe dt ak ayer and is shown ia Flgne 2.1). esies vce input pockets to apropatecupat port an fier tose packets as wel This wf for necting two LAN If tale pertinent tothe LAN aly. bleed ou Fo be eliered ous te LAN whee i'mas generat, ton ¥ is switched through he bigs. nam ielignt Wigs knowlege can be Jeune overtime ty he rigs a whch aches sol be deer which po Input sed pat loc ‘a prctice. ae usualy te sie, However some tiles can aly prota conversion as we wll lara Seolon23.2 ‘A routr cao only do all he funeons ofa skh and bridge but abo route pak the appropiate part in ‘he comet diction oft destination It fants the network ye. Thain igre 2.10), put oc fom Nb nan IP tw ek set Su I packets aot ne inthe ame maerk oF Sot eet hawork, Notall mworks se the same protean his casea gateway swe convert one poco! rma anther prea mat. In Figure 15(0), 2 gateway shows Between ah Pneterk tl 5C25 pth a3, Hots Figure 2.16 stows th me of various compooent ina severk. The titer the guewsy, andthe halfsouter finstn the neovork yer and rove pockets. Bridges, eal and remote operate ot ts dat Tink ayer ad eect two LAN Hibs are lf il LANs at we lamed inthe previo section We wil review varios, ‘weak components section. oS ma Hol [Arment cate, hb ina plaorm wth mip ports It iimpemented perv some sec inetions ‘ora combination of fimtions. For example, could home 2 simple LAN or kip LAN segment can Perform seiching futon aml tha acta a swathed LAN. When swdches betwen LAN poems Bridge fonction Ia this stn, we willconsidr sh wed 1 nplemen LAN us can be boked a as ative LANs—DITEs connec with epeers ina LAN configuration Limitations of [eng and mamber of stats tae ipod oa LAN re verome By “honing” ta wires Hom he DTES © ‘he hb nthe wing cset an connecting them io the topology desired. The only Liat ithe op leh fo te hb othe station su as the 100-meter maximum length in Eire oiguraton. Any DTE can be ‘owed o any pot ofthe hb. Stacking bbs an daisy ching then eat icease the mle of ports: DTE “onfguatins canbe changd fom cereal etd fb Further, any DTE coud easily be dscomected from THELAN for toubleshoctng without inpacting the operation of ote stations us can be sacked to incease she umber of port as shown inthe stacked ub coniguation in Figure 2.17, Seka hs havea common backplane. Th ts evan fo increasing the numberof ports in hb Po ‘sample 4016 port us wl bsbave sa 32-por hab ie 1 Sk ab Cotati a t33 3oh A

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