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HC VIN NGHIN CU V O TO
NH VN TING ANH
MC LC
I.
1.
Tha m gi s................................................................................................................................. 2
2.
3.
4.
c sai cc ph m kh ................................................................................................................... 3
5.
c sai EX ....................................................................................................................................... 4
6.
c hu t A + ph m + E thnh // ........................................................................................ 4
7.
c m // ........................................................................................................................................ 4
8.
c ph m C vn l /C/ .............................................................................................................. 5
9.
Ph m T......................................................................................................................................... 6
10.
Li c gp i ph m.................................................................................................................... 7
11.
12.
13.
Li khng bt hi cc ph m ......................................................................................................... 8
14.
Li khi c cc t c m cm .......................................................................................................... 9
II.
1.
2.
Khng ni m .................................................................................................................................. 11
3.
HC VIN NGHIN CU V O TO
NH VN TING ANH
I. Li sai khi c v ni cc t n l
1. Tha m gi s
Nhiu ngi hc c thi quen hay pht m km theo m gi s mc d trong t khng h c m
ny. Theo nh ti quan st thy th rt ng ngi hc gp phi li ny, c bit l nhng ngi mt
gc hoc lu ngy khng s dng ting Anh.
Ngay nh nhng t n gin nh: Make, have, see. M vn cn mt lng ln ngi ni km theo
m gi.
Li ny thc ra khng kh sa, nu bn mc phi li ny th n gin ch l nhn phin m, c ng
theo phin m vi tc chm th s khng cn b tha m gi na.
2. c m /z/ thnh /s/
Ph m s khi thng ng cui t i vi cc danh t dng s nhiu hoc cc ng t chia ngi
th 3 s t v rt nhiu ngi lun c ph m ny gi nguyn l /s/ trong khi ng l ra n phi
c l /z/.
C 1 quy tc n gin gip bn c th bit c khi no th s c l /z/ v khi no s c gia
nguyn l /s/:
-
HC VIN NGHIN CU V O TO
NH VN TING ANH
3. c thiu ph m cui
y l li sai kinh in ca ngi hc ting Anh, c rt rt nhiu ngi mc phi li sai ny. Li ny
xut pht t vic trong ting Vit khng pht m ph m cui nn khi sang ting Anh nhiu ngi hc
khng ti s thay i ny v pht m thiu ph m cui.
Li ny s khin bn kh thc hin NI M trong khi ni cc cu ting Anh.
Ngay c 1 s cc t rt n gin nhng nhiu ngi vn c thiu ph m cui: Make, student, pen,
what .
C 1 cch rt n gin sa li ny l bn hy ni tht chm v m bo ni c ph m cui,
hy ni chm tht chm. Ban u nghe hi k k nhng chc chn bn s hn ch c li sai ny, sau
ny khi bn ni nhiu v tri chy hn th lc bn s khng cn qun ph m cui ny na.
4. c sai cc ph m kh
Trong ting Anh c kh nhiu ph m kh m khng c ting Vit nn nhiu ngi hc hay gp kh
khn khi c cc ph m ny. Hm nay Hc vin nh vn ting Anh ENPRO s chia s vi bn b kp
v cng n gin nhng li hiu qu gip bn c ng cc ph m ny:
Ph m //: Chu mi ra v gi v tr ging hnh trn; t li cao, gia khoang ming. Khi y
hi khng to ra m thanh. Khi pht m ny, ging nh khi ra hiu cho ai im lng
(Shshshshshshsh)
Ph m //: V tr ging nh ang chun b pht m //, nhng khc vi m //, khi pht m ph m
ny s to ra m thanh (nu bn t ngn tay ln c hng khi pht m v thy c hng c rung
l chnh xc)
Ph m /d/: Bn hc m // v bit cch pht m ca m l: v tr mi trn v tru mi ra.
By gi bn ch cn u li ca bn theo cch cc bn pht m /d/ v kt hp li l to thnh
m chnh xc
Ph m /t/: Bn hc cch pht m ca m /d/, v tr mi li ca m /t/ ny cng ging m /d/
HC VIN NGHIN CU V O TO
NH VN TING ANH
HC SINH TIU HC | HC SINH CP 2 | SINH VIN & NGI I LM
ph m /
EX/
eks
iks
igz
6. c hu t A + ph m + E thnh //
Li ny th khng ch ngi mt gc m ngay c nhiu ngi hc ting Anh kh nu khng ch cng
hay mc phi. Trong ting Anh khng c m // m ch c nguyn m i /ei/ m thi. Cch c nguyn
m /ei/ cng khng ging vi // ca Vit Nam, ch c 1 s t khi m i vi ph m th khu hnh ming
khp li nn c cch c gn ging vi // m thi.
Cc t n gin m nhiu ngi thng c sai c bn nh: Late, gate, make, name (t ny do c ph
m m khi c khp khu hnh ming li nn nghe kh ging vi // ca Vit Nam nn rt nhiu ngi
thng nhm) .
C 1 cch sa li ny kh n gin, l vic c ng nguyn m i /ei/. c nguyn m ny th
c 1 mo l bn s c nguyn m /e/ mt cch to, r rng sau khp dn ming li c m /i/.
7. c m //
Tng t nh phn s 6, trong ting Anh cng khng c m m ch c nguyn m i /ou/. Khi t
c dng O + Ph m + E th nhiu ngi s c thnh // nh t: Note th c l /nt/, nhng thc t
phi c l /nout/.
HC VIN NGHIN CU V O TO
NH VN TING ANH
HC SINH TIU HC | HC SINH CP 2 | SINH VIN & NGI I LM
Tng t cc t: Code, mode, globe s c l /koud/, /moud/, /gloub/ ch khng phi l /kd/, /md/
hay /glb/ nh nhiu ngi vn c.
Thay v c theo mT ch, chng ta s c mt quy tc rt n gin c th gip bn khng mc phi li
trn.
Khi t c 1 m tit v c dng O + 1 ph m + E th O s c c l /OU/.
Quy tc ny khng ch ng vi ph m t nh trong t note m cn ng c vi cc ph m khc
nh b, d, k, m, l
8. c ph m C vn l /C/
Khng ging vi ting Vit, cc ph m ting Anh c th thay i cch c trong cc trng hp khc
nhau. ting Vit th ph m C lun c l C nhng trong ting Anh th ph m ny li c th c
theo 4 cch sau:
k
t (*)
Trong qu trnh tip xc vi hc vin th Hc vin nh vn ting Anh ENPRO nhn thy c rt nhiu
ngi vit phin m ph m C vn gi nguyn l /C/. y l mt li sai c bn m t ngi .
C 1 s quy tc nh vn ting Anh c th gip bn gii quyt vn ny:
HC VIN NGHIN CU V O TO
NH VN TING ANH
9. Ph m T
V y l ph m kh tng ng vi ting Vit nn nhiu ngi hay b sai.
u tin l v cch c, ph m T trong ting Anh c trng hp phin m vn l /t/ nhng cch c
li khng ging vi ph m T ca Vit Nam m n c gn ging vi ph m th ca Vit Nam vy.
Ngoi li pht m trn th ngi hc cng cn hay mc phi mt s li sai khc lin quan n ph m
ny:
-
Thm mt ch nh, khng hn l nhiu ngi sai nhng s c nhiu ngi cha bit.
T l m cm: Khi /t/ ng sau /n/ v nm trong m tit khng c nhn trng m th m /t/ s
thnh m cm. V d t interview, thay v ni /intvju:/, bn c th c l /invju:/.
Hoc internet /intnet/, bn c th c l /innet/.
HC VIN NGHIN CU V O TO
NH VN TING ANH
10. Li c gp i ph m
Xin ly v d 1 s t n gin nh: Speaking th nhiu ngi s c l /spi:k king/ nhng trn thc t
th phin m ca t ny ch l /spi:king/ m thi. Tc l y ngi hc c tha 1 m /k/.
Mt s cc t khc tng t nh: Spoken (qu kh phn t ca speak), loving, teacher, watching.
11. Li khng lc b ph m ging nhau
Li ny th li hi ngc vi li s 10 mt cht.
Bn c th d dng nhn thy li ny qua v d t happy. Mt t rt quen thuc v c th bn s c
l /hppi/ v nhiu ngi hc khc cng thng c nh vy. li s 10 pha trn th ngi hc
mc mt li l gp i ph m /k/ trong khi thc cht ch c 1 th li ny ngi hc li mc phi li
khng lc b ph m ging nhau.
y c 1 quy tc nh, l khi trong 1 t c 2 ph m ng lin nhau v c phin m ging nhau
th ta s lc b 1 ph m v ch gi li 1 ph m m thi.
Bn hy th nhn phin m t in ca t happy thy r iu ny:
HC VIN NGHIN CU V O TO
NH VN TING ANH
/slu.n/
Nhiu ngi s c t ny vi ging ngang bng m khng c ng iu ln xung, iu ny l hon
ton sai khi hc ting Anh.
Cch c ng s l:
/slu.n/
13. Li khng bt hi cc ph m
Trong ting Anh c mt s cc ph m cn bt hi khi ni nh: P, t, k nhng khi c v ni th nhiu
ngi li khng ch ti im ny.
V d nh t Pen th P s phi bt hi ra nhng nhiu ngi li khng bt hi v c rt ging vi ph
m b.
HC VIN NGHIN CU V O TO
NH VN TING ANH
HC VIN NGHIN CU V O TO
NH VN TING ANH
1
0
Danh t
ng t
Tnh t
Trng t
T hi
Tr ng t ph nh
T ch nh
HC VIN NGHIN CU V O TO
1
1
NH VN TING ANH
HC SINH TIU HC | HC SINH CP 2 | SINH VIN & NGI I LM
2. Khng ni m
Xut pht t vic khng pht m ph m cui ca t nn nhiu ngi hc s khng ni m khi ni
cp cu.
Trong 1 cu ting Anh th ngi bn x s ni cc m cui ca t pha trc vi m u ca t pha
sau cu ni c nhanh hn v hay hn. cch ni ca ngi Vit Nam khng c hin tng ny
nn nhiu ngi hay mc phi li thiu mt ni m nh vy.
Nhiu ngi s ni ring l tng t mt m khng c s ni m gia t ng trc vi t ng sau,
iu ny s khin cho vic ni ting Anh b chm v khng mt m.
Sau y Hc vin nh vn ting Anh ENPRO s gii thiu gip bn mt v d chi tit v ni m trong
ting Anh.
And what
if
again
HC VIN NGHIN CU V O TO
NH VN TING ANH
1
2
Ph m + nguyn m
Ph m + ph m
Nguyn m + nguyn m
m /the/ + nguyn m v ph m
Ni mt s m c bit
HC VIN NGHIN CU V O TO
NH VN TING ANH
1
3
Quy tc #4 Nhng cu c cu trc cu song song (nh A and B, C and D, A or B, C or D), thng
ni vi nhau bng cc lin t AND v OR, khng nn chia on bt u bng cc t ni.