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Annotated Bibliography

Introduction
As an aspiring civil engineer, I thought this annotated bibliography would be the
perfect opportunity to intensely research my future career. The main objective or
conversation of this annotated bibliography is looking into research articles and reading
how these engineering projects have changed the lives of people affected by these
projects and how much easier their lives have become. Usually the audience that would
be interested in reading these types of articles would be the people that like to read about
engineering projects that cause good positive change in peoples lives. Its also read by
actual engineers and those who would one day like to spent their entire lives doing this
line of work. So do successfully accomplish a well-developed annotated bibliography, I
will first go on and find about fifteen to eighteen sources that relate to civil engineering.
From there, I will carefully analysis and write annotations for each of those sources. But
before doing all that, I will properly start each annotation with a citation to give credit
where its due. It can also be extremely helpful since it would symbolize that a new
annotation is about to start.

Analysis and annotations

Athanase Ndihokubwayo, Study of the Amount of Solar Heat through the Walls of
a House Built in Bujumbura City with Different Materials and Choice of a Proper

Facades Orientation for Its Internal Comfort, Journal of Civil Engineering Research, Vol.
4 No. 3, 2014, pp. 59-70. doi: 10.5923/j.jce.20140403.02. The author Athanase
Ndihokubwayo, is apart of the higher teacher training school for the civil engineering
section and eventually took part and wrote this research journal. So for my first article,
this research article is about a study of the amount of solar heat through the walls of a
house built in Bujumbura City with different materials and choice of a proper facades
orientation for its internal comfort. The purpose of this study is to make comparative
analysis of the heat supply by solar radiation on the wall in solid walls built of exposed
solid baked bricks, baked bricks with coated concrete and tinted glazing of a single level
house built in Bujumbura city. I felt that this quote from the abstract portion of the
article perfectly sums up the reason behind this project. In the beginning, it mentions how
the beauty of a house shouldnt be limited to only its conceptual and architectural aspect
but also it should take into account of its internal comfort for its occupant. What this
basically means is that an engineer should pay as much importance that it does building
the house and how well it looks as to its internal comfort inside the house. This should
tell you right away that the author of this article has the interest of the occupant and thats
really the main objective when taking part of these projects. The article then goes on and
actually lists step by step on how he accomplished his goal. The research method that he
used to write this article is by actually taking part of this procedure and then writes how
he did it. I overall enjoyed how the author wrote this article. The author really did write
this article in a way where it was easy to read and to follow what hes saying. For
example, in one of the sections in the authors article, he explained the phenomena of

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heat exchange of a man and his environment inside the house. The purpose to include this
part was so the readers can have a better understanding of what hes trying to say.
Ade Faisal, Tondi Amirsyah Putera, Effect of Repeated Earthquakes on the School
Building in Northern Sumatra, Journal of Civil Engineering Research, Vol. 4 No. 3A,
2014, pp. 173-177. doi: 10.5923/c.jce.201402.30. In this second article, Ade Faisal and
Tondi Amirsyah Putera both attended Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara and
are both apart of the program Studi Teknik Sipil. This paper investigates the effect of
repeated earthquake on the frames with in filled brick wall. The frames represent school
building built on the regions near the Sumatran active fault, Indonesia. This quote
perfectly sums up the content and purpose of this article. They also included a survey of
eight schools that are near the Sumatran active fault that would want to take part of this
project. The purpose for all this is to see how badly damage these schools takes so they
can use better material that will shield itself from the earthquakes a whole lot better. This
right away shows you that the objective of this project is to make peoples lives easier
and safer. This article was also easy to understand thanks to its organization and simple
diction to make most readers understand what theyre saying. For example, when they
took the survey for those eight schools, they had two pictures of the tables to see which
schools are being considered for this study and all their information.
Omoniyi T. E, Akinyemi B. A, Akinosun T. A., Performance of Concrete Paving
Blocks Reinforced with Bamboo and Rice Husk Ash as Partial Replacement for
Cement, Journal of Civil Engineering Research, Vol. 3 No. 2, 2013, pp. 81-87. doi:
10.5923/j.jce.20130302.03. Before annotating this research article, ill like to give a little
background on these authors. Both are apart of the department of agricultural and civil

engineering at the university of Ibadan. This research involved the production and
evaluation of concrete paving blocks (CPBs) by partially replacing the cement content by
rice husk ash (RHA) and addition of bamboos. This quotation sums up the main purpose
behind this research. According to this article, one of the problems that are usually
experienced during the service life of concrete paving blocks includes occasional failure
due to excessive surface wear. The interesting part of this article is the way they include
some history of when concrete paving blocks were first used. For example, in their
introduction paragraph they wrote The use of CBP for roads began in the Netherlands
after the Second World War. Brick paving was the traditional surface material in the
Netherlands before the Second World War. Its always nice to include some background
on the topic that youre talking about so the reader can understand and follow along
easily. They also includes sections that are numbered so you can easily see which specific
topic you want to glance first, almost like a table of contents. For example, the section
thats number two is all about the materials and methods that they have used in this
procedure, while section three deals with mostly with the results and discussion. But in
the end of this research, they came to find that rice hush and bamboo can be great
replacements due to the fact that their surface wear isnt as excessive as concrete paving
blocks. Its also impressive how they included many pictures of all its collected data. But
overall, another discovery that can make people lives easier.
Siavash Shahsavaripour , A New Approach for Developing Bike Sharing Network
System, Journal of Civil Engineering Research, Vol. 5 No. 2, 2015, pp. 28-32. doi:
10.5923/j.jce.20150502.02. In this scholarly article, we have Sivash Shahsavaripour who
attended the University of south new wales for the schooling of civil and environmental

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engineering. Hes responsible for producing one of my favorite research articles so far.
The reason that its one of my favorite research articles that I have so far annotated is due
to the fact that the authors motive is to develop a bike network system that can be used
for another legit transportation method. But this quote right here perfectly sums up the
main purpose of this article. The current research considers developing of a bike sharing
network system to add to public transport services with all the details related to this
system. This article contains similar qualities as the other articles which I feel makes a
good research article. Some of these qualities are its organization, easy to understand
word choice and pictures that show all kinds of data. The main reason theyre trying to
develop a bike network system is to add another way that you can transport since we all
know how frustrating traffic can be. Bicycle sharing systems (also known as:
community bicycle programs, on-street bike rental, yellow bicycle programs, white
bicycle programs, public bikes, or free bikes) can be defined in two different ways [11].
The first definition describes number of bicycles made available for short-term shared use
at unattended urban locations to individuals who do not own them [12]. The second, more
widespread and more familiar, definition of bike-sharing system is public transportation
using bicycles This quotation defines bicycle-sharing systems the best.
Rumilla Harahap, Kemala Jeumpa, Bambang Hadibroto, Drainage Systems for
Flood Control in Medan Selayang, Indonesia, Based on Rainfall Intensity and Drainage
Evaluation, Journal of Civil Engineering Research, Vol. 4 No. 3A, 2014, pp. 233-236.
doi: 10.5923/c.jce.201402.40. Rumilla Harahap, Kemala Jeumpa and Bambang
Hadibroto all attended Universitas Negeri Medan in Indonesia. According to this article,
one of the causes of drainage conditions in some places does not work anymore is due to

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the smaller capacity of the existing discharge. Also because lack of care or the drainage
systems and disposal that is no longer compatible with the environment, thus resulting in
flooded every year. This study aim to investigate the intensity of the rain and drainage
capacity in the city of Medan, North Sumatra, especially Medan Selayang area, to
evaluate the regulation of drainage system in Medan city in order to reduce excess
water. This quotation perfectly sums up the main purpose behind this research study. But
dont forget that the main objective between all these research articles is to change people
lives by helping them out and making their lives easier.
Deraman S. N. C., Wan Chik F. A., Muhammad M. K. A., Noram I. Ramli, Majid
T. A., M. S. S. Ahamad, Case Study: Wind Speed Estimation of High-Rise Building
Using Surface Interpolation Methods, Journal of Civil Engineering Research, Vol. 4 No.
3A, 2014, pp. 145-148. doi: 10.5923/c.jce.201402.25. They all attended Universiti Sains
Malaysia for the school of engineering and are also apart of the disaster research nexus.
This study focuses on high-rise building near to the incident area using the wind speed
during that event. The aim of this study is to compare the best interpolation methods from
the results of estimated wind speed at that respective building. This quotation sums up
the purpose behind this article and how this research is being done. According to the
article, this research is based on the event in Penang that caused fatality, injuries and
damages. As the title suggests, this article is about a case study on wind speed estimation
of high-rise buildings using surface interpolation methods.
Sujatha S., Sarayu K., Annaselvi M., Ramachandra Murthy A., Ramesh Kumar V.,
Nagesh R. Iyer, Soil Bacteria for the Strength Enhancement of Cement Mortar, Journal
of Civil Engineering Research, Vol. 4 No. 2A, 2014, pp. 51-54. doi:

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10.5923/c.jce.201401.10. They are all apart of CSIR-Structural Engineering Research

Centre. According to this article, this quotation represents the purpose of this study, this
study deals with a vital strain named as IsAH-1 isolated from an ant hill which is used to
evaluate the improved mechanical properties of the cement mortar. This study clearly
brings out the calcareous nature of the bacterium isolated and its efficiency in improving
the mechanical properties of the cement mortar. When it comes to the results for this
study, soil bacteria being added to cement mortar added eighteen percent strength
enhancement while test 1 which was the control group only had a twelve percent strength
enhancement. The good thing about this research article is that it has a control group to
really see if there was any real positive difference between test one and test two. This is
just another discovery that can make people lives easier.
Omar Faruk Murad , "Obtaining Chemical Properties through Soil Electrical
Resistivity", Journal of Civil Engineering Research, Vol. 2 No. 6, 2012, pp. 120-128. doi:
10.5923/j.jce.20120206.08. Omar Faruk Murad is apart of the department of civil
engineering at the world university of Bangladesh. According to this research article, the
electrical resistivity of soil is significantly influenced by shape of the particle of soil,
presence of moisture in soil, chemical properties of soil and presence of organic materials
in soil. The methods they used to obtain chemical properties of soil using electrical
resistivity are self-potential, four-electrode probe method, vertical electrical sounding,
electrical profiling, and non-contact electromagnetic profiling.
Soon Min Ng, Mohd Ashraf Mohamad Ismail, Ismail Abustan, Back Analysis of
Slope Failure Using Finite Element with Point Estimate Method (FEM-PEM), Journal of
Civil Engineering Research, Vol. 4 No. 3A, 2014, pp. 31-35. doi:

10.5923/c.jce.201402.04. All these authors attended the university of sains Malaysia for
the school of civil engineering at the engineering campus. This paper investigates the
slope failure in Precinct 9, Putrajaya, Malaysia by using numerical back analysis
method. The reason I quoted this from the article since its stated the purpose behind this
research article. If you arent familiar with the slope that this paper just mentioned, its
basically the catastrophic slope failure that was triggered by a cumulative rainfall of 210
mm that occurred 2 days before the occurrence of slope failure. Based on the back
analysis carried out, the stability of the slope in Precinct 9, Putrajaya is generally
influenced by the silt layer. However, in order to maximize the use of PEM-FEM
approach in back analysis, information should be combined from all possible sources
such as laboratory testing, field instrumentation, and experience.
Niveditha C., Sarayu K., Ramachandra Murthy A., Ramesh Kumar V., Nagesh R.
Iyer, Marine Algae for Cement Mortar Strengthening, Journal of Civil Engineering
Research, Vol. 4 No. 2A, 2014, pp. 23-25. doi: 10.5923/c.jce.201401.05. These authors
are all apart of the CSIR-Structural Engineering Research Centre. According to this
article, Seaweed (algae) that is a rich source of minerals, vitamins and other vital
materials has been used in the present study to strengthen the cement mortar. So based on
what theyre saying, the algae was further used for the strength enhancement of cement
mortar. Their collection of algae and its participates was the main method that they used
when doing this research. As the algal precipitate is rich source of calcium, silica and
carbonate materials, the compressive strength of the test specimens of 10% and 20%
cement replacement with algal precipitate was found to increase with that of the control

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specimens. This may be due to the enhanced CSH formation. And this was their overall
finding when conducting this research.
Athanase Ndihokubwayo, Lateral and Base Shear Forces Acting on 20 Stories
Building in Bujumbura City during the Seismic Activity, Journal of Civil Engineering
Research, Vol. 4 No. 2, 2014, pp. 42-45. doi: 10.5923/j.jce.20140402.03. Athanase
Ndihokubwayo is the same author who wrote the first research article. So as I mentioned
in my first annotation, Athanase is apart of the higher teacher training school and is also
apart of the applied science department and the civil engineering section. This article also
explains how to design a high rise building in Bujumbura city, its important to know that
the city is located in the seismic zone which means that they would have to take adequate
conceptual measures. According to this research article, this study was inspired by a
tendency to high-rise building in Bujumbura city while the designers of these buildings
do not have sufficient data on the impact of seismic activity in the area lying in the
extension of the Rift Valley. This was their conclusion for this research, In our study, we
used the seismic data for Bujumbura site to analyze the behavior of 20 levels building.
We find that the seismic shear forces and lateral forces can reach 2000 KN and 230KN
respectively.
Mayank Suhirid , Kiran B Ladhane , Mahendra Singh , Vishwas A Sawant ,
"Lateral Load Capacity of Rock Socketed Piers Using Finite Difference
Approach", Journal of Civil Engineering Research, Vol. 1 No. 1, 2011, pp. 1-8. doi:
10.5923/j.jce.20110101.01. They were all apart of the department of civil engineering at
the Indian institute of technology roorkee. In the present work it has been proposed to
study the pier foundation of bridge supported on two piers. The piers are situated on left

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and right bank of river. The rocks present at site indicate presence of lower Shiwalik
rocks with alteration of sandstone/ clay rocks. A finite difference scheme is used to
analysis the pier rock socket foundation. This quotation perfectly describes the purpose
behind this research. This article was in a way hard to follow and understand but due to
the fact that they included all the results with graphs and materials and all the resources,
it became easier to follow and understand what theyre saying. Theyre conclusion
included five long responses and for the sake of this conversation, it isnt necessary to
write down those five long responses.
Satoshi Murakami, Tay Lea Tien, Rohayu Bte Che Omar, Tomomi Nishigaya,
Nazirah Aziza, R. Roslan, I. N. Z. Baharuddin, Habibah Hj Lateh, Naoki Sakai,
Landslides Hazard Map in Malay Peninsula by Using Historical Landslide Database and
Related Information, Journal of Civil Engineering Research, Vol. 4 No. 3A, 2014, pp. 5458. doi: 10.5923/c.jce.201402.08. The first two authors attended Ibaraki University and
were the apart of urban and civil engineering while the rest of the authors attended
Universiti Sains Malaysia for the school of electrical engineering. The purpose of this
study is to develop a historical landslide database in Malay peninsula. "Historical
landslide database has been developed by collecting from national reports, technical
papers, newspapers and so on related to slope disaster. And the database has been
upgraded by adding 35 events that are sites at the steel tower of power transmission line
and along the road. This quotation sums up their conclusion that they have made for this
study.
Ahmad Shukri Yahaya, Fauziah Ahmad, Lo Yean Tiing, Prediction of Sand
Thickness Using Ordinary Kriging, Journal of Civil Engineering Research, Vol. 4 No.

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3A, 2014, pp. 36-40. doi: 10.5923/c.jce.201402.05. All these authors attended Universiti
Sains Malaysia for the school of civil engineering at the engineering campus. According
to this article, this is their purpose or objective for this study, the objective of the research
is to determine the characteristics of sand in Batu Ferringhi, Penang. Then an ordinary
kriging model was developed which can be used to predict thickness of sand. Before
mentioning their conclusion, I want to make sure that you know that the research is to
analyze the thickness of sand at Batu Ferringhi, Penang Island. So from knowing this,
"predictions of sand thickness at five chosen points were found to be accurate. Thus it
will enable engineers to predict with good accuracy the sand thickness using the
developed model.
Ya-Fen Lee, Yun-Yao Chi, An Investigation on Flooding Perception along Erren
River Bank in Tainan, Taiwan, Journal of Civil Engineering Research, Vol. 4 No. 3A,
2014, pp. 218-221. doi: 10.5923/c.jce.201402.37. First author is apart of the department
of leisure, recreation and travel at Toko university and the second author is the
department of land management and development and studied at Chang Jung Christian
university. According to this paper, this paper aims to investigate the flood perception of
residents along Erren River Bank in Tainan, Taiwan by using questionnaire survey
method. But to even get started, its crucial that understanding the disaster perception is
desirable in order to implement the urban disaster management. But overall, their
findings indicate that the residents tend to be at peace with flooding. Compared to the
disaster resistant implement by government, the residents believe that the adoption of
autonomic disaster resistant action will decrease the flooding damage effectively.

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Shuyang Cao, Advanced Physical and Numerical Modeling of Atmospheric

Boundary Layer, Journal of Civil Engineering Research, Vol. 4 No. 3A, 2014, pp. 14-19.
doi: 10.5923/c.jce.201402.02. The author is apart of the Professor State Key Lab for
Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering at Tongji University. This paper introduces the
improvements of mathematical, physical and CFD approaches utilized to model the
Atmospheric Boundary Layer flow for structural wind engineering applications. This
quotation summarizes the purpose behind this paper. This research article was no doubt
the hardest one that I have read. I had a difficult time trying to follow along even with
diagrams of their data. But overall I feel like I got a glimpse of what the author is tryig to
saying. This paper introduces the improvements of mathematical, physical and CFD
approaches utilized to model the Atmospheric Boundary Layer flow for structural wind
engineering applications. CFD simulations of the ABL over hilly terrain and sea surface
are introduced as examples of CFD approach. This was their overall conclusion for this
paper.
Majid T. A., Muhammad M. K. A., Noram I. Ramli, Che Deraman S. N. A., Wan
Chik F. A., Marcus N. G., Behaviour of Trapezoidal Roof Cladding under Different
Location of Point Load, Journal of Civil Engineering Research, Vol. 4 No. 3A, 2014, pp.
149-153. doi: 10.5923/c.jce.201402.26. All the authors but the second author are graduate
students that attended Universiti Sains Malaysia for the school of civil engineering while
the second author attended the same university and the same reason but the only
difference is that the second author is the coordinator instead of a graduate student. This
paper starts by stating the failures of roof claddings are very often caused by the uplifting
force from the wind. The uplifting force normally will cause damage the support of the

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roof cladding which are attached to the purlins. So by knowing this study, a finite element
model of trapezoidal was developed and validated with the experimental result to study
the effect of point load to the trapezoidal roof sheeting. This paper presents the details of
the finite element analysis using LUSAS, according to this research article. Their overall
conclusion was that Finite element analysis could be used to develop numerical model to
simulate the behavior of trapezoidal roof sheeting subject to point loading.
Awang Taib, Mohd Zulham Affandi Mohd Zahid, Ade Faisal, Saffuan Wan
Ahmad, Axial Load Variations of Irregular RC frames with Setback under Vertical
Earthquakes, Journal of Civil Engineering Research, Vol. 4 No. 3A, 2014, pp. 138-144.
doi: 10.5923/c.jce.201402.24. The first two authors were both apart of the department of
civil engineering technology while the next two were the faculty of civil engineering and
all four authors attended Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. This quotation summarizes their
purpose behind this article; The aims of this study are to evaluate the effect of vertical
ground motions to the irregular reinforced concrete frames with setback. The frame
models are subjected to ten horizontal and vertical ground motions with various peak
ground acceleration ratios between horizontal and vertical ground accelerations (V/H)
ranging from 0.3 to 1.9. Their findings or conclusion for this study was that his work
investigated the effect of vertical ground motion on the irregular buildings with setback.
For that purpose, this study considered ten natural earthquake records with epicentral
distance less than 20 km.
So as you can see the main central objective between all these research articles
that I have just annotated is that the purpose is that these engineering projects have

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changed the lives of people affected by these projects and how much easier their lives
have become. Its very remarkable!