Report "E12"

Design with perfect conductor and vacuum inside:

1] The propagation constant (

) Vs frequency:

XY Plot 1

Ansoft LLC
120.00

HFSSDesign1

ANSOFT

Curve Info
im(Gamma(w aveport1:1))
Setup1 : Sw eep1
im(Gamma(w aveport1:2))
Setup1 : Sw eep1

100.00

im(Gamma(w aveport1:3))
Setup1 : Sw eep1

Y1

80.00

im(Gamma(w aveport1:4))
Setup1 : Sw eep1

60.00

40.00

TE10

20.00
TE01

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

Freq [GHz]

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

2] The attenuation constant Vs frequency:

XY Plot 2

Ansoft LLC
300.00

250.00

HFSSDesign1

ANSOFT

TE11&TM11

200.00

100.00

50.00

0.00

TE01

TE10

150.00

Y1

Curve Info
re(Gamma(w aveport1:1))
Setup1 : Sw eep1
re(Gamma(w aveport1:2))
Setup1 : Sw eep1
re(Gamma(w aveport1:3))
Setup1 : Sw eep1
re(Gamma(w aveport1:3))_1
Setup1 : Sw eep1

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

Freq [GHz]

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

3] The Characteristic impedance Zo with frequency:

XY Plot 3

Ansoft LLC
7000.00

HFSSDesign1

ANSOFT

Curve Info
re(Zo(w aveport1:1))
Setup1 : Sw eep1

6000.00

re(Zo(w aveport1:2))
Setup1 : Sw eep1
re(Zo(w aveport1:3))
Setup1 : Sw eep1

5000.00

re(Zo(w aveport1:4))
Setup1 : Sw eep1

Y1

4000.00

3000.00
TE01

2000.00

TE10

1000.00

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

Freq [GHz]

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

4] Wavelength Vs Frequency:
Ansoft LLC
0.40

0.35

XY Plot 4

Curve Info

HFSSDesign1

ANSOFT

Lambda(waveport1:1)
Setup1 : Sweep1
mag(Lambda(w aveport1:2))
Setup1 : Sweep1
mag(Lambda(w aveport1:3))
Setup1 : Sweep1

0.30

mag(Lambda(w aveport1:4))
Setup1 : Sweep1

Y1

0.25

0.20
TE10
TE01

0.15

0.10

0.05

8.40

8.60

8.80

9.00

9.20
Freq [GHz]

9.40

9.60

9.80

10.00

5] E field shape of the first 3 modes on the excitation port:

First-mode electric field shape:

Second-mode electric field shape:

Third-mode electric field shape:

With dielectric constant:

1] The propagation constant (

) Vs frequency:

XY Plot 1

Ansoft LLC
500.00

HFSSDesign1

ANSOFT

Curve Info
im(Gamma(w aveport1:1))
Setup1 : Sw eep1

400.00

im(Gamma(w aveport1:2))
Setup1 : Sw eep1
im(Gamma(w aveport1:3))
Setup1 : Sw eep1

Y1

300.00

im(Gamma(w aveport1:4))
Setup1 : Sw eep1
im(Gamma(w aveport2:1))
Setup1 : Sw eep1
im(Gamma(w aveport2:2))
Setup1 : Sw eep1

200.00

TE01
TE11 & TM11

im(Gamma(w aveport2:3))
Setup1 : Sw eep1

TE10

im(Gamma(w aveport2:4))
Setup1 : Sw eep1

100.00

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

Freq [GHz]

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

2] The attenuation constant Vs frequency:

XY Plot 3

Ansoft LLC
300.00

HFSSDesign1

ANSOFT

Curve Info
re(Gamma(w aveport1:1))
Setup1 : Sw eep1
re(Gamma(w aveport1:2))
Setup1 : Sw eep1

250.00

re(Gamma(w aveport1:3))
Setup1 : Sw eep1

TE11 & TM11

re(Gamma(w aveport1:4))
Setup1 : Sw eep1

200.00

re(Gamma(w aveport2:1))
Setup1 : Sw eep1

TE10

re(Gamma(w aveport2:2))
Setup1 : Sw eep1

Y1

150.00

re(Gamma(w aveport2:3))
Setup1 : Sw eep1

100.00

re(Gamma(w aveport2:4))
Setup1 : Sw eep1

TE01

50.00

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

Freq [GHz]

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

3] The Characteristic impedance Zo with frequency:

XY Plot 4

Ansoft LLC
3500.00

HFSSDesign1

ANSOFT

Curve Info
re(Zo(w aveport1:1))
Setup1 : Sw eep1

3000.00

re(Zo(w aveport1:2))
Setup1 : Sw eep1

TE10

re(Zo(w aveport1:3))
Setup1 : Sw eep1

2500.00

re(Zo(w aveport1:4))
Setup1 : Sw eep1
re(Zo(w aveport2:1))
Setup1 : Sw eep1

2000.00
Y1

re(Zo(w aveport2:2))
Setup1 : Sw eep1

1500.00

re(Zo(w aveport2:3))
Setup1 : Sw eep1
re(Zo(w aveport2:4))
Setup1 : Sw eep1

1000.00

TE01

TE11 & TM11

500.00

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

Freq [GHz]

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

4] Wavelength Vs Frequency:
XY Plot 2

Ansoft LLC
450.00

HFSSDesign1

ANSOFT

Curve Info
Lambda(w aveport1:1)
Setup1 : Sw eep1

400.00

Lambda(w aveport1:2)
Setup1 : Sw eep1

350.00

Lambda(w aveport1:3)
Setup1 : Sw eep1

300.00

Lambda(w aveport1:4)
Setup1 : Sw eep1
Lambda(w aveport2:1)
Setup1 : Sw eep1

Y1

250.00

Lambda(w aveport2:2)
Setup1 : Sw eep1

200.00
150.00

TE11

Lambda(w aveport2:3)
Setup1 : Sw eep1

TM11

Lambda(w aveport2:4)
Setup1 : Sw eep1

100.00
TE10

50.00
TE01

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

Freq [GHz]

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

5] E field shape of the first 3 modes on the excitation port:

First-mode electric field shape:

Second-mode electric field shape:

Third-mode electric field shape:

Comment:
As we can when a dielectric material is put
inside the waveguide the cut off frequency
of modes is decreased so more modes may
appear in wave guide & this is due to the
following equation:
Fcnm=(c/ (r)^(0.5))((n/a)^2+
(m/b)^2)^(0.5).
7

So more modes like TE11 & TM11 appear

in waveguide at same operating frequency
in vacuum these 2 modes doesnt exist.

Using MATLAB:
With perfect conductor and vacuum inside:
1] The propagation constant (

Code:
vmin=7*10^9;vmax=2*10^10;
samples=10^5;
vs=(vmax-vmin)/samples;
v=[vmin:vs:vmax];
mu=1.2566*10^-6;
e=8.854*10^-12;
n1=1;m1=0;n2=0;

) Vs frequency:

m2=1;n3=1;m3=1;
n4=2;m4=0;
a=18*10^-3;b=15.5*10^-3;
beta1=sqrt((((2*pi*v).^2)*mu*e)-((((n1*pi)/a)^2)+(((m1*pi)/b)^2)));
beta2=sqrt((((2*pi*v).^2)*mu*e)-((((n2*pi)/a)^2)+(((m2*pi)/b)^2)));
beta3=sqrt((((2*pi*v).^2)*mu*e)-((((n3*pi)/a)^2)+(((m3*pi)/b)^2)));
beta4=sqrt((((2*pi*v).^2)*mu*e)-((((n4*pi)/a)^2)+(((m4*pi)/b)^2)));
figure(1)
plot(v,beta1,v,beta2,v,beta3,v,beta4);
xlabel('f(Hz)');ylabel('beta');
title('Propagation constant vs freq.');

Simulation:
Propagation constant vs freq.

400
350
300

beta

250
200

TE01

150

TE11&TM11

TE10

100

TE20

50
0
0.6

0.8

1.2

f(Hz)

1.4

1.6

1.8

2
10

x 10

2] Characteristic impedance Vs frequency:

Code:
vmin=1*10^9;vmax=5*10^10;
samples=10^5;
vs=(vmax-vmin)/samples;
v=[vmin:vs:vmax];
c=3*10^8;
mu=1.2566*10^-6;
e=8.854*10^-12;
ztem=sqrt(mu/e);
n1=1;m1=0;n2=0;
m2=1;n3=1;m3=1;
n4=2;m4=0;

a=18*10^-3;b=15.5*10^-3;
fc10=((c/2)*sqrt(((n1/a)^2)+((m1/b)^2)));fc01=((c/2)*sqrt(((n2/a)^2)+((m2/b)^2)));
fc11=((c/2)*sqrt(((n3/a)^2)+((m3/b)^2)));fc20=((c/2)*sqrt(((n4/a)^2)+((m4/b)^2)));
zte10=ztem.*(1./sqrt(1-((fc10./v).^2)));zte01=ztem.*(1./sqrt(1-((fc01./v).^2)));
zte11=ztem.*(1./sqrt(1-((fc11./v).^2)));zte20=ztem.*(1./sqrt(1-((fc20./v).^2)));
figure(1)
plot(v,zte10,v,zte01,v,zte11,v,zte20);
axis([2*10^9 4*10^10 0 0.2*10^4]);
xlabel('f(Hz)');ylabel('zte(ohm)');
title('ZTE vs freq.');

Simulation:
ZTE vs freq.

2000
1800
1600
1400
TE11&TM11

zte(ohm)

1200
1000

TE01

TE20

800
TE10

600
400
200
0

0.5

1.5

2
f(Hz)

With dielectric constant:

1] The propagation constant (
Code:
vmin=3*10^9;vmax=8*10^9;
samples=10^5;
vs=(vmax-vmin)/samples;
v=[vmin:vs:vmax];
mu=1.2566*10^-6;
e=8.854*10^-12;
n1=1;m1=0;n2=0;
m2=1;n3=1;m3=1;
n4=2;m4=0;
10

2.5

3.5

4
10

x 10

) Vs frequency:

a=18*10^-3;b=15.5*10^-3;
beta1=sqrt((((2*pi*v).^2)*mu*e*6.15)-((((n1*pi)/a)^2)+(((m1*pi)/b)^2)));
beta2=sqrt((((2*pi*v).^2)*mu*e*6.15)-((((n2*pi)/a)^2)+(((m2*pi)/b)^2)));
beta3=sqrt((((2*pi*v).^2)*mu*e*6.15)-((((n3*pi)/a)^2)+(((m3*pi)/b)^2)));
beta4=sqrt((((2*pi*v).^2)*mu*e*6.15)-((((n4*pi)/a)^2)+(((m4*pi)/b)^2)));
figure(1)
plot(v,beta1,v,beta2,v,beta3,v,beta4);
xlabel('f(Hz)');ylabel('beta');
title('Propagation constant vs freq.');

Simulation:
Propagation constant vs freq.

400
350
300

beta

250
200

TE01

150

TE11&TM11

TE10

TE20

100
50
0

3.5

4.5

5.5
f(Hz)

6.5

7.5

8
9

x 10

2] Characteristic impedance Vs frequency:

Code:
vmin=1*10^9;vmax=5*10^10;
samples=10^5;
vs=(vmax-vmin)/samples;
v=[vmin:vs:vmax];
c=3*10^8;mu=1.2566*10^-6;e=8.854*10^-12;
ztem=sqrt(mu/(e*6.15));
n1=1;m1=0;n2=0;m2=1;n3=1;m3=1;
n4=2;m4=0;a=18*10^-3;b=15.5*10^-3;
fc10=((c/2)*sqrt(((n1/a)^2)+((m1/b)^2)))/sqrt(6.15);
fc01=((c/2)*sqrt(((n2/a)^2)+((m2/b)^2)))/sqrt(6.15);
fc11=((c/2)*sqrt(((n3/a)^2)+((m3/b)^2)))/sqrt(6.15);
11

fc20=((c/2)*sqrt(((n4/a)^2)+((m4/b)^2)))/sqrt(6.15);
zte10=ztem.*(1./sqrt(1-((fc10./v).^2)));zte01=ztem.*(1./sqrt(1((fc01./v).^2)));
zte11=ztem.*(1./sqrt(1-((fc11./v).^2)));zte20=ztem.*(1./sqrt(1((fc20./v).^2)));
figure(1)
plot(v,zte10,v,zte01,v,zte11,v,zte20);
axis([0.5*10^9 1*10^10 0 0.2*10^4]);
xlabel('f(Hz)');ylabel('zte(ohm)');
title('ZTE vs freq.');

Simulation:
ZTE vs freq.

2000
1800
1600
1400

TE11&TM11

zte(ohm)

1200
TE01

1000

TE20

800
TE10

600
400
200
0

5
f(Hz)

10
9

x 10

Comparing MATLAB & HFSS results:

As we can see the HFSS is a simulation
program for microwaves so it takes in
consideration another factors than
mat lab as we neglect some terms
(make approximation) in mat lab to
12

get familiar equation that can be used

easily in hand analysis.

13