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Specific Heat
The specific heat of any substance is
the amount of heat required to raise
the temperature of one gram of that
substance by one degree Celsius.
Because different substances have
different compositions, each
substance has its own specific heat.
Specific Heat
q = m Cp T
q = heat (J)
Cp = specific heat (J/(g.C)
m = mass (g)
T = change in temperature = Tf
Ti
(C)
Measuring Heat
Heat changes that occur during
chemical and physical processes can
be measured accurately and precisely
using a calorimeter.
A calorimeter is an insulated device
used for measuring the amount of
heat absorbed or released during a
chemical or physical process.
A coffee-cup
calorimeter
made of two
Styrofoam cups.
Phase Changes
Melting
Soli
d
Vaporizati
on
Liqui
d
Freezin
g
Gas
Condensati
on
Sublimation
Melting
Soli
d
Vaporizati
on
Liqui
d
Gas
Freezin
Condensati
g
on
Deposition
Latent Heat
q = m Hv
q = m Hf
Hv = latent heat of vaporization (J/g)
Hf = latent heat of fusion (J/g)
q = 10.0
m Ciron (25.0
T 50.4)
-114
Ciron = 0.449 J/gC
m = 4.67 g
Tf = 58.5 C
q = 70500 J
q = 12.0
m (334)
Hf
q = 4010 J
q = 5.00
m (2260)
Hv
q = 11300 J
Lf = 67 J/g
m = 6.18 g
HEATING AND
COOLING CURVES
melting
melting
melting
melting
melting
melting
melting
melting
9. What is the freezing point of the
substance?
FP = 5C
melting
10. What is the melting point of the
substance?
MP = 5C
melting
11. What is the boiling point of the
substance?
BP = 15C
melting
12. What letter represents the
temperature where the solid is being
heated?
A
melting
13. What letter represents the
temperature where the vapor is being
heated?
E
melting
14. What letter represents the
temperature where the liquid is being
heated?
C
melting
15. What letter represents the melting
of the solid?
melting
16. What letters show a change in
kinetic energy?
A, C and E
melting
17. What letter represents condensation?
melting
18. What is the freezing point of this
substance?
FP = 90C
melting
19. At what time do the particles of
this sample have the lowest average
kinetic energy?
16 min
melting
20. How many minutes does it take the
substance to condense?
4 min
melting
21. What is the temperature range for
the substance to be a vapor?
Heating Curve
for D
WaterSection E
Section
Section
Section
B
C q = mHv q = m Cp T(gas)
Section A
qq==mH
m fCp T(liquid)
q = m Cp T(solid)
Solving Problems
For water:
Heat
Ice
Below
0 C
Melt
Ice
At
0 C
Heat
Water
Boil
Water
100 C
At
100 C
+
0 C -
Heat
Steam
+ Above
100 C
q= 1
m2(2.05)
Cice (0
T- 6)
q = 148 J
q = 12
m (334)
Hf
q = 4008 J
q = 12
m (4.18)
Cwater (25
T - 0)
q = 1254 J
q = 35(334)
m Hf
q = 11690 J
q = 35
m (4.18)(100
Cwater T - 0)
q = 14630 J
q = 35
m (2260)
Hv
q = 79100 J
q = 35
m (2.02)(150
Cice T - 100)
q = 3535 J
(5340 J)
(5530 J)
(37400 J)
Calorimetry
Calorimetry Problem
27) 125 g of water at 25.6C is placed
in a foam-cup calorimeter. A 50.0 g
sample of the unknown metal is
heated to a temperature of 115.0C
and placed into the water. Both
water and metal attain a final
temperature of 29.3C. Determine
the specific heat of the metal.
q = 125
m (4.18)
Cwater (29.3
T 25.6)
q = 1930 J
m Cmetal (29.3
T 115.0)
-1930q == 50.0
Cmetal = 0.450 J/gC
Calorimetry Problem
28) You put 352 g of water into a foamcup calorimeter and find that its
initial temperature is 22.0C. What
mass of 134C lead can be placed in
the water so that the equilibrium
temperature is 26.5C?
m = 477 g
Calorimetry Problem
29) You put water into a foam-cup
calorimeter and find that its initial
temperature is 25.0C. What is the
mass of the water if 14.0 grams of
125C nickel can be placed in the
water so that the equilibrium
temperature is 27.5C?
m = 58.0 g