TK3201

Transport Phenomena
Shell Momentum & Velocity Distribution
in Laminar Flow
I Dewa Gede Arsa Putrawan
Chemical Engineering ITB
8-Jan-13

TK3201

DGA/1

Outcomes
Students are able to derive microscopic balances for simple
problems on momentum transfer.
Students are able to estimate flux and velocity profiles from
microscopic balances.
Students are understand the application of transport
phenomena in viscosity measurement.

8-Jan-13

TK3201

DGA/2

Momentum Flux: diffusive

(x-component)
y
z

yx

z
x

zx

xx

yz xx xz yx xy zx
TK3201

8-Jan-13

DGA/3

Momentum Flux: convective

(x-component)

v x yz

vx volumetric flow rate v y xz

v xy
xy
z
Qz
(yz v x )( vx )
Qy

(xz v y )( vx )
(xy v z )( vx )
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TK3201

Qx

DGA/4

Momentum Balance

=

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Forces
Forces acting on fluid
Generation (same direction to fluid flow)
Consumption (opposite direction to fluid flow)
Gravity
F=mg
Pressure
F=PA

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Methodology

Problem analysis
Microscopic balances
Newtons law
Boundary conditions
Profiles of transfer flux, transfer rate, and other
variables
Values of average, maximum, etc.

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DGA/7

Boundary Conditions
No slip at solid-fluid interfaces
Continuity on flux and velocity at a liquidliquid interfacial plane
Zero flux at a liquid-gas interfacial plane

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DGA/8

Flow of a falling film

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DGA/9

Flow Through A Circular Tube

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DGA/10

Average Velocity
r d

dA = r dr d

dr

r d
d
V

v dV v dzdA v rdrd
z

vz

2 R

L A

0
V

dV
0

0 0
L A

dzdA
0 0

0 0
2 R

rdrd
0 0

TK3201

8-Jan-13

DGA/11

Cannon-Fenske Viscometer
From analysis of flow in a circular tube

( gh) R 4
ghR4
Q

8L

8QL

ghR4
8VL

t at

Taking into account kinetic energy

= at + b/t (note: b/t at)

8-Jan-13

TK3201

DGA/12

Cone-Plate Viscometer

Shear rate:
dvx/dy = / sin , sin = c / r (by manufacturer)
Shear stress:
yx = Tp / [(2/3) r3]
TK3201

8-Jan-13

DGA/13

Homework II
R. B. Bird et al, Transport phenomena, John
Willey & Sons, 2002.
1. Problem 2B.3
2. Problem 2B.11
3. Problem 2C.7

8-Jan-13

TK3201

DGA/14