Chapter 1

8 Principles of
Balanced Literacy
Instruction

Literacy for the 21st Century, 6th ed.

Gail E. Tompkins

2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

All rights reserved.

Chapter 1

Principle 1:
Effective Teachers Understand How
Students Learn
Sociolinguistics
Sociocultural Theory
Situated Learning
Theory
Critical Literacy

Behaviorism
Constructivism
Schema Theory
Inquiry Learning
Engagement Theory

Literacy for the 21st Century, 6th ed.

Gail E. Tompkins

Information Processing
Interactive Models
Transactive Theory
Strategic Behaviors
4

2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

All rights reserved.

Chapter 1

Principle 2:
Effective Teachers Support Students
Use of the Cueing Systems

The
The
The
The

Phonological System
Syntactic System
Semantic System
Pragmatic System

Literacy for the 21st Century, 6th ed.

Gail E. Tompkins

2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

All rights reserved.

Chapter 1

Principle 3:
Effective Teachers Create a Community
of Learners

Safety
Respect
High Expectations
Risk Taking
Collaboration
Choice
Responsibility
Family and community Involvement

Literacy for the 21st Century, 6th ed.

Gail E. Tompkins

2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

All rights reserved.

Chapter 1

Principle 4:
Effective Teachers Adopt a Balanced
Approach to Instruction

Characteristics of a balanced
approach
Components of a balanced approach
Common Core State Standards

Literacy for the 21st Century, 6th ed.

Gail E. Tompkins

2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

All rights reserved.

Chapter 1

Principle 5:
Effective Teachers Scaffold Students
Reading and Writing

Modeled Reading and Writing

Shared Reading and Writing
Interactive Reading and Writing
Guided Reading and Writing
Independent Reading and Writing

Literacy for the 21st Century, 6th ed.

Gail E. Tompkins

2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

All rights reserved.

Chapter 1

Principle 6:
Effective Teachers Organize for
Literacy Instruction

Basal Reading Programs

Literature Focus Units
Literature Circles
Reading and Writing Workshop
Nurturing English Learners

Literacy for the 21st Century, 6th ed.

Gail E. Tompkins

2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

All rights reserved.

Chapter 1

Principle 7:
Effective Teachers Differentiate
Instruction

Differentiating the Content

Differentiating the Process
Differentiating the Products

Literacy for the 21st Century, 6th ed.

Gail E. Tompkins

10

2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

All rights reserved.

Chapter 1

Principle 8:
Effective Teachers Link
Instruction and Assessment

4 steps to link instruction and assessment

Planning
Monitoring
Evaluating
Reflecting
Classroom Assessment Tools
High Stakes Tests

Literacy for the 21st Century, 6th ed.

Gail E. Tompkins

11

2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

All rights reserved.

Chapter 1

How Effective Teachers Teach

Reading and Writing

Teachers apply learning theories as they teach

reading and writing.
Teachers create a community of learners in their
classrooms.
Teachers adopt the balanced approach to literacy
instruction.
Teachers differentiate instruction so all students can
be successful.
Teachers link instruction and assessment.

Literacy for the 21st Century, 6th ed.

Gail E. Tompkins

12

2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

All rights reserved.

Chapter 2

The Reading Process

Stage

Stage

Stage
Stage

Stage

Literacy for the 21st Century, 6th ed.

Gail E. Tompkins

1:
2:
3:
4:
5:

Prereading
Reading
Responding
Exploring
Applying

13

2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

All rights reserved.

Chapter 2

How Effective Teachers Teach the

Reading and Writing Process

Teachers use the reading processprereading, reading, responding,

exploring, and applyingto ensure that students comprehend books
they read.
Teachers provide opportunities for students to use varied types of
reading, including independent reading, guided reading, and interactive
read-alouds.
Teachers teach students how to use the writing processprewriting,
drafting, revising, editing, and publishingto write and refine their
compositions.
Teachers teach students about the writers craft. Including the six traits.
Teachers integrate reading and writing because theyre reciprocal
meaning-making processes.

Literacy for the 21st Century, 6th ed.

Gail E. Tompkins

14

2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

All rights reserved.