IMMUNOLOGY

Prof. Made

Immunology
1. IMMUNITY / IMUNITAS :
Reaksi terhadap bahan asing
Cellular
Fisiologik
( Patologik )

Events
Molecular
( I. Protection from disease )

2. IMMUNOGEN / IMUNOGEN :
Bahan Inang Stimulasi respon imun
dapat ikat Ab / sel imun ( dapat dideteksi )

3.

ANTIGEN / Ag

4.

ANTIBODY / Ab

> Imunogen
> Hanya mampu ikatan dengan antibody

Protein hasil stimulasi Ag

Mampu mengikat Ag tersebut

5.

IMMUNE SYSTEM / SISTEM IMUN

Sel-sel & molekul-molekul dalam sistem jaringan yang
bekerja pada imunitas

6.

IMMUNE RESPONSE / RESPON IMUN

Reaksi sel-sel & molekul-molekul Ag

coordinated Respon spesifik

IMUNISASI
Tindakan ~ usaha respon imun spes.
Imunogen / Vaksin stimulasi
( active immune response ) untuk
pencegahan dan pengobatan
Adoptive transfer ( passive immune
response ) untuk pengobatan

IMUNITAS
I. Imunitas alami
Natural ( innate ) Immunity
Physicochemical barrier ( skin, mucosal
surface )
Phagocytic cells ( in blood & tissue )
Natural killer ( NK ) cells
Various Blood Borne Molecules :
complement, interferon, C reactive
protein, lisozyme, lactoferin, sitokin, dll
Not descriminate most foreign substances

II.

Imunitas spesifik
Acquired / spesific immunity
Distimulasi bahan asing ( imunogen ) respon
spesifik terhadap imunogen tersebut & mampu
respon terhadap paparan bahan asing tersebut
berikutnya.
Karakteristik :
Specificity ~ self / nonself discrimination
Memory ~ responsive / increasing the
second response to exposure Ag
Self regulation

OXYGEN DEPENDENT MECHANISMS :

Glucosa +
NADP+

Hexose
monophosphate
Shunt

Pentose
phosphate
+ NADPH

NADPH + O2

Cytochrome b-245

NADP+ + O2

202-

+ 2H+

O2-

+ H2O2

H2O2 + CI-

Spontaneous
Dismutation

+ 2H+

2H2O2

O2

.OH + OH- + 1O2

myeloperoxidase

OCI- + H2O
202-

H2O2 +

OCI- + H2O
O2 + CI- + H2O

Superoxide
Dismutase

O2 + H2O2

Catalase

2H2O + O2

O2 burst +
generation of
superoxide anion
Spontaneous
formation of
further microbidal
agents
Myeloperoxidase
generation of
microbicidal
molecules
Protective
mechanisms used
by host + many
microbes

OXYGEN INDEPENDENT MECHANISMS :

Cationic proteins ( incl. cothepsin G Damage to microbial membranes
)
Lysozyme

Splits mucopeptide in bacterial call

wall

Lactoferrin

Deprives proliferating bacteria of

iron

IMUNITAS SPESIFIK
1. SPESIFISITAS
paratope / antigen binding site
pada antibodi / imunoglobulin
Reseptor pada sel B / T
( Ig R / TCR )
~ sesuai / komplementer / kenal / respon dg
antigen determinant ( epitope )

2. DIVERSITAS
> 109 reseptor / Ag binding site
!
Pertahanan terhadap banyak
patogen di lingkungan

3.

INGATAN / MEMORY
Setiap Ag yang pernah masuk stimulasi
paparan berikut mekanisme pertahanan efektif
pada respon imun sekunder ~ karena memory
cells ( prinsip vaksinasi )

4.

DAPAT MEMBEDAKAN SELF / NONSELF

5.

KOMPLEKSITAS
Koordinasi / ko stimulator / Regulasi reaksi
sel - sel & molekul molekul yang kompleks

6.

SELF REGULATION
Imunitas alami : IR pada fokus
infeksi ( Ag masuk ) eliminasi Ag
> baik
Perlu partisipasi phagocyte & C

7.

TIPE IMUNITAS SPESIFIK

1. Imunitas humoral : Antibodi
2. Imunitas seluler
( CMI : Cell Mediated Immunity )
sel limposit T dan B

Biolgical
Process

Immune
System
Process

Leukocyte
Migration

Leukocyte
Activation

Immune
Effector
Process

Antigen
Processing
And
presentation

Innate
Immune
Response

Immune
Response

Humoral
Immune
Response

Immune
System
Development

Inflammatory
Response
To Antigenic
Stimulus

Tolerance
Induction

Immune
Response
To Tumor
Cell

Activation
Of Immune
Response

Organ or
Tissue
Specific
Immune
Response

Somatic
Diverification
Of Immune
Receptors

Adaptive
Immune
Response

Leukocyte
Homeostasis