DISSOCIATION OF BASE

SOLID

NaOH (p)

Na+

KOH (p)

K+

AQUEUS

+ OH-

+ OH-

Without the water, ion OHnot form

NaOH (p)

Na+ + OH-

KOH(p)

K+ + OH-

NaOH and KOH dissolve in

water to form ion OH-

DISSOCIATION OF ACID

solid
HCI (p) )

CH3COOH(ce)

H+

aqueus
+ Cl-

CH3COO- + H+

CONCLUSION
Without the water, ion
H+
not form

HCl (p )

CH3COOH

H+

+ Cl-

CH3COO- + H+

CONCLUSION
HCl and CH3COOH
dissolve in water and form
ion H+

MATERIAL

LITMUS
PAPER

Toothpaste

No changes

Toothpaste +
water

Red to blue

Soap

No change

Soap + water

Red to blue

NaOH
NaOH + water

DISSOCIATION TO
FORM OH

No change
Red to blue

NaOH
Na+ + OH-

ALKALI
NE

CONCLUSION

Hydroxyl ion caused

the litmus paper
paper changes
from red to blue

MATERIAL

LITMUS
PAPER

Tamarind

No change
Blue to red

DISSOCIATION
EQUATION
-

Asam gelugor
+ water

ACID

CONCLUSION

Lemon

No change

Lemon+ water

Blue to red

Etanoik acid

No change

Etanoic acid +
water

Blue to red

CH3COOH
CH3COO- + H+

-Hydrogen ion
caused the
litmus
paper
changes
from blue
to red

Explaination

acid react with water by donating an H+ ion to a neutral

water molecule to form the H3O+ ion.

Without the presence of water, acid not show the acid

properties because the dry acid does not have hydrogen
ion.

.base react with water by donating an OH- ion.

Without the presences of water, bases does not show the

base properties because the dry base does not show
hydroxo ion.

experiment

Litmus
paper

metal

carbonate

HCl ( p)

No changes

No changes

No changes

HCl ( ak )

Blue to red The bubble gas yield and

produce popsound
when is test
Mg ( p) + 2HCl MgCl2( ak)
+ H2

CaCO3( p) + 2HCl
CaCl2 + CO2 +
H2O

Conclusion :

HCl solution contain the H+ and Clhydrogen chloride was dissociated

completly
HCl (aq) of solution shows the chemical
properties of acid because it has a hydrogen
ion.

Experiment

Litmus paper

Ca ( OH )2 ( p)

No changes

Ca ( OH )2 + H2O
2 OH-

Ca+2 +

Red to blue

Conclusion

Ca(OH)2 solid does not show the characteristic

of alkaline.
In water,
Ca (OH)2 (ak)
Ca2+ + 2OHCalcium hydroxide solution dissolve in water
will dissociated and show the characteristic of
alkaline

Chemical properties of bases

Has a ph more than 7

Litmus paper was change from red to blue

colour

Reacts with acid to form salt and water

Chemical properties of acid

Litmus paper changes from colour blue to

red

React with bases to form salt and water as the

only products