Ratio & Proportion

3.

4.

5.

of the mixture are removed and the same quantity of

liquid A is added, the ratio becomes 4 : 5 . What quantity
does the vessel hold?
a) 72 litres b) 90 litres c) 64 litres
d) 80 litres
A vessel contains liquids A and B in ratio 3 :2. I f 15 litres
of the mixture are removed and the same quantity of
liquid B is added, the ratio becomes 2 : 3 . What quantity
does the vessel hold?
a) 30 litres b) 35 litres c) 40 litres
d) 45 litres
A vessel contains liquids A and B in ratio 3 : 1. I f 8 litres
of the mixture are removed and the same quantity of
liquid B is added, the ratio becomes 1:3. What quantity
does the vessel hold?
a) 12 litres b) 14 litres c) 16 litres
d) 10 litres
A vessel contains liquids A and B in ratio 7:6. I f 26 litres
of the mixture are removed and the same quantity of
liquid B is added, the ratio becomes 6:7. What quantity
does the vessel hold?
a) 142 litres b) 172 litres c) 156 litres d) 182 litres

2.

3.

4.

Answers
1. c
2. a; Hint: Seethe 'note'.
The removed quantity contains

18
5+ 4

x5 = 10litres of

5.

A and 18 -10 = 8 litres of B. Now,

(5 + 4)
. x quantity of B in the removed
2

Total quantity =

mixture = 72 litres.

Answers
4. a

3.d

the ratio 7 : 6 and increases their wages in i

14. State whether his bill of total wages
decreases, and in what ratio?
a) Increase, 13:12
b) Decrease, 13 :12
c) Increase, 14: 13
d) Decrease, 13:14
An employer reduces the number of his employees in
the ratio 8 : 7 and increases their wages in the ratio " 1
State whether his bill of total wages increases or decreases, and in what ratio?
a) Decrease, 4 : 1
b) Increase, 1 :4
c) Decrease, 5:2
d) Increase, 2 : 5
An employer reduces the number of his employees in
the ratio 7: 5 and increases their wages in the ratio 10 : 9.
State whether his bill of total wages increases or decreases, and in what ratio?
a) Decrease, 13:9
b) Decrease 14:9
c) Increase 9:14
d) Increase 9:13
An employer reduces the number of his employees in
the ratio 8 :3 and increases their wages in the ratio 3 : 8.
State whether his bill of total wages increases or decreases, and in what ratio?
a) Remains unchanged, 1:1
b) Decrease, 3 : 1
c) Decrease, 2 : 1
d) Can't be determined
An employer reduces the number of his employees in
the ratio 9 :4 and increases their wages in the ratio 2 : 5 .
State whether his bill of total wages increases or decreases, and in what ratio?
a) Decrease, 10:9
b) Increase, 10:9
c) Decrease 9:11
d) Increase, 9:10

5.d

l.b

2. a

Rule 38
Ex.:

An employer reduces the number of his employees in

the ratio 9 : 8 and increases their wages in the ratio 14
: 15. State whether his bill of total wages increases or
decreases, and in what ratio.
Soln: 9: 8
14:15
We know that the total bill = wage per person * no. of
total employees.
Therefore, the ratio of change in bill
= 9x 14:8x 15 = 126:120=21:20
The ratio shows that there is a decrease in the bill.
Note: For a detailed method let the no. of employees in two
cases = 9x & 8x. Wages in two cases be 14y & 15 y
Initial wage = 9x * 14y = I26xy
Changed wage = 8x * 15y = 120xy
This shows the decrease in bill and ratio is 126xy :
120xy=21:20.

Exercise
1.

An employer reduces the number of his employees in

3.b

4. a

5.d

Rule 39
Theorem: Two candles of the same height are lighted at the
same time. The first is consumed in T hours and the secx

ond in T hours. Assuming that each candle burns at a

2

constant rate, the time after which the ratio of first candle
X

to second candle becomes x :y is given by

T,-T

hours.

Illustrative Example
Ex.:

Two candles of the same height are lighted at the

same time. The first is consumed in 4 hours and the
second in 3 hours. Assuming that each candle burns
at a constant rate, in how many hours after being
lighted, was the first candle twice the height of the
second?

118

PRACTICE BOOK ON QUICKER MATHS

Soln: Detail Method: Let the height of candles be h and

candle be A and B.

6 hours. Assuming that each candle burns at a constant

rate, in how many hours after being lighted, the ratio
between the first and second candles becomes 3 : 1 .
a) 5 hours 36 minutes
b) 5 hours
c) 5 hours 60 minutes
d) 6 hours
Two candles of the same height are lighted at the same
time. The first is consumed in 3 hours and the second in
1 hour. Assuming that each candle burns at a constant
rate, m flow many hours after being lighted, the ratio
between the first and second candles become 2 : 1 .
a) 48 minutes
b) 1 hour 36 min
c) 3 b minutes
d) 60 minutes
Two candles of the same height are lighted at the same
time. The first is consumed in 7 hours and the second in
3 hours. Assuming that each candle burns at a constant
rate, in how many hours after being lighted, the ratio
between the first and second candles becomes 3 : 1 .
a) 2 hours
b) 2 hours 20 minutes
c) 3 hours 20 minutes
d) 3 hours

The candle A burns

of its height in 1 hour while

1
candle B burns of its height in one hour.

4.

As per question, the height of candle A after x hours

be double of height of candle B.
xh
Ah xh
Height of candle A after x hours = h =

4
4
, xh 3h- xh
Height of candle B after x hours = - = -

5.

As per given question,

Ah-xh

i}h-xh)
3 .

x2

or, 12-3* = 2 4 - 8 x
or, 5x= 12

Answers
l.d

2.c

3. a

12
or, x - hours or 2 hours 24 minutes.
1.

2.
(2

the required answer =

12
hours

-x4-3
1

Exercise

2.

Two candles of the same height are lighted at the same

time. The first is consumed in 8 hours and the second in
6 hours. Assuming that each candle burns at a constant
rate, in how many hours after being lighted, the ratio
between the first and second candles becomes 2 : 1 .
a) 2 hours 24 minutes
b) 4 hours
c) 1 hour 12 minutes
d) 4 hours 48 minutes
Two candles of the same height are lighted at the same
time. The first is consumed in 5 hours and the second in
4 hours. Assuming that each candle burns at a constant
rate, in how many hours after being lighted, the ratio
between the first and second candles becomes 3 : 2 .
a) 3 hours
b) 3 hours 45 minutes
20
c) hours

3.

Find the sum o f three numbers in the ratio of 3 : 2 : 5,

such that the sum of their squares is equal to 1862.
a) 70
b)75
c)69
d)60
A, B, C, D are four quantities of the same kind such that
A : B = 3 : 4 , B : C = 8 : 9 , C : D = 15:16
(i) Find the ratio A : D
a)5:8
b)8:5
c)4:5
d)5:4
(ii) Compare A, B,C,D.
9 24
a)4:3:-:-

= 2 hours 24 minutes.
Note: Here, x : y = 2 : 1
1.

5.b

Miscellaneous

.'. The required answer is 2 hours 24 minutes.

Quicker Method: Applying the above theorem, we
have,
4x3

4.c

=)4:3:

24

b)3:4:-

24
5

24 9
d) 3 : 4 : : -+
5 2
J

4.

5.

Divide 94 into two parts in such a way that fifth part of

the first and eighth part of the second are in the ratio 3 :
4.
a) 30,64
b)20,44
c)35,69
d)30,65
Divide 1162 into three parts such that 4 times the first
may be equal to 5 times the second and 7 times the third.
Find the value o f smallest part,
a) 490
b)492
c)390
d)280
Divide Rs. 680 among A, B and C such that A gets - of

what B gets and B gets th of what C gets. What is C's

d) Can't be determined

Two candles of the same height are lighted at the same

time. The first is consumed in 7 hours and the second in

share?
a)Rs280

b)Rs380

c)Rs480

d)Rsl20

119

Ratio & Proportion

6.

I f 10% of m is the same as 20% of n, then m : n is equal to:

a) 1:2
b)2:l
c)5:l
d) 10:1
(C.B.I. Exam. 1990)
7. If A : B = 2 : 3 and B : C = 4 : 5, then C : A is equal to:
a)15:8
b) 12:10
c)8:5
d)8:15
(Railway Recruitment Board, 1991)
8. Rs 600 has been divided among A, B and C in such a
way that Rs. 40 more than (2/5) of A's share, Rs. 20 more
than (2/7) of B's share, Rs. 10 more than (9/17) of C's
share, are all equal. A's share is:
a)Rs280
b)Rsl70
c)Rsl50
d)Rs200
(Railway Recruitment Board, 1991)
9. 729 ml of a mixture contains milk and water in the ratio 7
: 2. How much more water is to be added to get a new
mixture containing milk and water in the ratio 7 :3?
a) 600 ml
b) 710 ml
c) 520 ml d) None of these
(Railway Recruitment Board, 1991)
10. Gold is 19 times as heavy as water and copper 9 times as
heavy as water. The ratio in which these two metals be
mixed so that the mixture is 15 times as heavy as water,
is:
(Delhi Police & CBI1990)
a)l:2
b)2:3
c)3:2
d) 19:135
1
1
11. If A is - o f B a n d B i s of C, then A : B : C is

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

(Police Inspector Exam. 1988)

a) 1:3:6
b)2:3:6
c)3:2:6
d) 3 : 1 : 2
A certain amount was divided between Kavita and
Reena in the ratio 4 : 3 . I f Reena's share was Rs. 2400, the
amount is:
(SBIPO Exam 1988)
a)Rs5600
b)Rs3200
c)Rs9600 d) None of these
If a carton containing a dozen mirrors is dropped, which
of the following cannot be the ratio of broken mirrors to
unbroken mirrors?
a)2:l
b)3:l
c)3:2
d)7:5
(SBIPO Exam 1987)
A man spends Rs 8100 in buying tables at Rs 1200 each
and chairs at Rs 300 each. The ratio of chairs to tables
when the maximum number of tables is purchased, is
(SBIPO Exam 1988)
a) 1:4
b)5:7
c)l:2
d)2:l
A sum of Rs 86700 is to be divided among A, B and C in
such a manner that for every rupee that A gets, B gets 90
paise and for every rupee that B gets, C gets 110 paise.
B's share is
(LIC AAO Exam 1988)
a) Rs 26010
b)Rs 27000
c) Rs 30000
d) None of these
Rs 5625 is to be divided among A, B and C, so that A
may receive (1/2) as much as B and C together receive
and B receives (1/4) of what A and C together receive.
The share of A is more than that of B by
(Excise and I. Tax Exam 1988)
a)Rs750
b)Rs775
c)Rsl500
d)Rsl600

17. I f the weight of a 13 metres long iron rod be 23.4 kg_ the
weight of 6 metres long of such rod will be
(Bank PO Exam 1986)
a) 7.2kg
b) 12.4kg
c) 10.8 kg
d)18kg
18. The ratio of the money with Ram and Gopal is 7: 17 and
that with Gopal and Krishan is 7 : 17. If Ram has Rs 490.
Krishan has
a)Rs2890
b)Rs2330
c)Rsll90
d)Rs2680
19. The students in three classes are in the ratio 2:3 : 5. If 20
students are increased in each class, the ratio changes
to 4 : 5 : 7. The total number of students in the three
classes before the increase were ( L I C AAO Exam 1988)
a) 10
b)90
c)100
d) None of these
20. One year ago the ratio between Laxman's and Gopal's
salary was 3 : 4 . The individual ratios between their last
year's and this year's salaries are 4 : 5 and 2 : 3 respectively. At present the total of their salary is Rs 4160. The
salary of Laxman now, is (SBI Bank PO Exam 1987)
a)Rsl600
b)Rs2560
c)Rsl040
d)Rs3120
21. The sum of the squares of three numbers is 532 and the
ratio of the first to the second as also of the second to
the third is 3 : 2. What is the second number?
a) 12
b) 14
c)10
d)8
a
b
22. I f b c : a c : a b = l : 2 : 3 , f i n d :
be ca
a)2:l
b)3:l
c)4:l

d) 1:4
P_

23. The sum of two numbers is 'c' and their quotient is

Find the numbers.

pc
3 )

qc

p + q' p + q

qp
b )

p + q' (p + q)c

qp
qc
c)
, '
d) None of these
' p+q p+q
'
24. A bag contains rupees, fifty paise, twenty five paise and
ten paise coins in the proportion 1 : 3 : 5 : 7. I f the total
amount is Rs 22.25, find the number of twenty-five paise
coins.
a) 25
b)5
c)15
d)35
25. In a school the number of boys and that of the girls are
in the ratio of 2 : 3. I f the number of boys is increased by
20% and that of girls is increased by 10%. What will be
the new ratio of the number of boys to that of girls?
(SBI BankPO 2001)
a)4:5
b)5:8
c) 8:11
d) Data inadequate
26. An amount of money is to be distributed among P, Q and
R in the ratio of 6 : 1 9 : 7 respectively. I f R gives Rs 200 of
his share to Q the ratio among P, Q and R becomes 3:10
: 3 respectively. What was the total amount?

120

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

32.

33.

34.
35.

(SBI BankPO 2000)

a)Rs6400
b)Rs 12800
c) Rs 3200
d) Data inadequate
When 3 5 per cent of a number is added to another number, the second number increases by its 20 per cent.
What is the ratio between the second number and the
first number?
(BSRB Mumbai PO 1998)
a)4:7
b)7:4
c) 8:5
d) Data inadequate
There is a ratio of 5 : 4 between two numbers. I f 40 per
cent of the first number is 12 then what would be the 50
per cent of the second number?
(Bank of Baroda PO 1999)
a) 12
b)24
c)18
d) Data inadequate
An amount of money is to be distributed among P, Q and
R in the ratio of 5 : 8:12 respectively. I f the total share of
Q and R is four times that o f P, what is definitely P's
share?
(Bank of Baroda PO 1999)
a)Rs3000
b)Rs5000
c) Rs 8000
d) Data inadequate
When 30 per cent of a number is added to another number the second number increases to its 140 per cent.
What is the ratio between the first and the second number?
(Bank of Baroda PO 1999)
a)3:4
b)4:3
c) 3 :2
d) Data inadequate
I f 25% of a number is subtracted from a second number
the second number reduces to its five-sixths. What is
the ratio between the first number and the second number?
(SBI Associates PO 1999)
a)2:3
b)3:2
c) 1:3
d) Data inadequate
When 50% of one number is added to a second number,
the second number increases to its four-thirds. What is
the ratio between the first number and the second number?
(Guwahati PO 1999)
a)3:2
b)3:4
c) 2 :3
d) Data inadequate
An amount of money is to be divided among P, Q and R
in the ratio of 4 : 9 : 1 6 . I f R gets 4 times more than P, what
is Q's share in it?
(BSRB Calcutta PO 1999)
a)Rsl800
b)Rs2700
c) Rs 3600
d) Data inadequate
I f a : b = 2:5.Find(3a + 4b):(4a + 5b).
a)26:33
b) 14:31
c)25:32
d)33:26
A bag contains rupee, 50-paise and 25-paise coins in the
ratio 5 : 6 : 7. I f the total amount is Rs 390, find the
number of 25-paise coins.
a) 280
b)200
c)240
d)260

PRACTICE BOOK ON QUICKER MATHS

we have

+4

+ 25x = 1862

X2

38x = 1862 x =49 = 7

.-. x = 7. Hence, the required numbers are 21,24 and
35
.-. sum of the numbers = 2 1 + 2 4 + 35 = 70.
2

2.

(i)a;

A_3
B~

B__ 8 C__ 15
4' C~ 9' D~ 16

A B C
3 8 15
x x x x
4
9 16
B C D
(ii)b; A : B = 3 : 4

= A D = 5 8
,

9
9
B:C = 8:9= l : - = 4 : 8
2
,16
9 24
C:D=15:16=l:- = - : A : B : C : D = 3:4:

3. a;

9 .24
2' 5

We put down the first ratio in its original form and

change the terms of the other ratios so as to make
each antecedent equal to the preceding consequent.
(Also see Rule 16).
Let these parts be x and y. Then,
x y . ,
- : - = 3:4 r , S x : 5 y = 3\4
0

5x3
5y

15

E or

4x8
32'
5
y
Thus,x:y=15:32.
Now, sum of ratios = 15 + 32 = 47.
94x15 .-. First part = = 30

second part
4. d;

94x32
:

47

>

= 64

4 x (1 st part) = 5 x (2nd part) = 7 * (3rd part) = x (say)

X

Then, 1st part = , 2nd part = ; 3rd part = .

X X X

:. Ratio of divisions

4 'I'l

= - : - : - = 35:28:20
4 5 7
Sum of ratios = 35 + 28 + 20 = 83.
.-. I st part =

Answers
1. a; Let the numbers be 3x, 2x, 5x.
2nd part

1162x35
83

1162x28
83

= 490

= 392

Ratio 85 Proportion

3rd part =

.2.

1162x20 . . .

= 280
o3

5. c;

567

Now,

Suppose C gets Re 1. Then, B gets Re and A gets

Rs (f*/{] or R s f

5 6 7 x 3 = 7(162 + x)

162 + x 3
=> 1701 = 1134 + 7x => x = 81.
10. b; Let x gm of water be taken
Then, gold = 19x gm and copper = 9x gm
Let 1 gm of gold be mixed with y gm of copper.
Then, 19x + 9 x y = 1 5 x ( l + y ) = >

Ratios of A, B and C's shares = : : 1 = 2 : 3 : 1 2 .

6 4
680x2
So, A's share = Rs
= Rs 80.

1
1
1
B = i-C,A =
-B=- -C\ -C2
3
3 2 J 6
.', A:B:C = -C:-C:C
6
2

680x3
B's share = Rs

6.b;

11. a;

2
y~~z.

= - : - A or 1 : 3 : 6 .
6 2

12. a; Let the amount be Rs x.

= Rs 120.

680x12
C's share = Rs =Rs480.
10
20
10%ofm = 20%ofn
m=
n
100
100
m_( 20 \00^

Then, Reena's share = Rs I

3x
(^2400x7^
.'. y = 2400 or x = ^
j = R 5600.
S

' n
7. a,

^100

10 )

2 Z? _ 4

73'C~ 5^

B__2

i.c;

-A
5

B C~3 5
X

C
C

13. c; Sum of the ratios must divide 12.

Since 3 + 2 = 5 does not divide 12, so it can not be 3 :
2.
14. c; Maximum number of tables purchased at Rs 1200 per
table spending within Rs 8100 is clearly 6.
Remaining amount = Rs (8100 -1200 * 6) = Rs 900
Number of chairs for Rs 900 = (9001300) = 3 .: Number of chairs: Number of tables = 3 :6 or 1 :2.
15. b; I f A gets Re 1, B gets 90 paise.
Now, if B gets Re 1, C gets 110 paise.

15

15

+ 40 = -B
7

. A = -(x~40)
2
V

+ 20 = --C + \0 = x
17
=
7

I f B gets 90 paise, C gets '

-x-\00;

x 9 0 l = 99 paise.

100
J
U 0

.-. A : B : C = 1 0 0 : 9 0 : 9 9 .
(
So, B's share = Rs I

5 = -(;t-20) =- x - 7 0
2
2
V

17/
x 17
170
and C = (x-\0)
=
x-.

90 1
^ = Rs 27000.

i n

5
-x-\00
2

7
+ -x-10
2

16. a; A + B + C = 5625andB = - (A + C)i.e. A + C = 4B.

17
170
+ x-
= 600
9
9

71
7100
or, x =
=>x = 100.

A's share

9.d;

-xl00-100|

.-. 4B + B = 5625 o r B = 1125.

AIso,A + C = 4B = 4 x 1125=4500.
1

Also, /* = - ( B + C ) o r B + C = 2 A o r B = 2A-C.
=

Quantity of milk = [ J 2 9 * - J ml = 567 ml.

.-. 2A-C=1125.
Now, solving A + C = 4500 and 2A - C = 1125, we get
A = 1875 and C = 2625.
.-. A - B = (1875- 1125)=Rs750.
23.4x6
17. c; Let 13 23.4 .Then, = ^ 5 i v ^ = 10.8 kg
13
x

Quantity of water = (729 - 567) ml = 162 ml

122

PRACTICE BOOK ON QUICKER MATHS

18. a; Let Ram, Gopal and Krishan have rupees x, y and z

respectively.
Then,

17

and y =

1
7
49
x y
x

289
y
17 17
Thus, if Ram has Rs 49, Krishan has Rs 289.

'289
I f Ram has Rs 490, Krishan has Rs

49

x490

= Rs2890.
19. c; Let the number of students in the class be 2x, 3x and
5x respectively. Then,
(2x + 20): (3x + 20): (5x + 20):: 4:5 :7.
2s + 20

3s + 20

P
p+q

PC

x=

p +q

1_

and
z

i /

*
c

5.X

qc_

Since =
y
Q.

p+q

24. a; Let the number of coins be x, 3x, 5x, 7x respectively as

rupees, fifty paise, twenty five paise and ten paise.
Since
Number of coin * Value of coin in rupee = Amount in
rupees
Now, value of 50-paise coin in rupee

Value of 25-paise coin in rupee

1
:

+ 20
7

Solving these equations, we get x = 10.

.-. total number of students in the class
= (2x+3x+5x)=10x=100.
20. a; Let the salaries of Laxman and Gopal one year before

Value of 10-paise coin in rupee =

'
f
(xxl)+ 3xx
2

5x x

10

I H 7xx- 10

= 22.25

be JC, , y, and now it be x , y respectively. Then,

2

89s

3 x.
4

s.

and x +y =4160
2

s'y

Solving these equations, we get x = 1600

2

21.a;

First number _ 3
Second number

3_9

First number
3 2 6
and ~ . ,
: x ^r ~r
Third number 2 2 4
.-. First: Second: Third = 9 : 6 : 4
As per the question
_

.-. (9s) +{6xf

= :

+ (4s) =532

ac

2
a

120
No. of boys is increased by 20% = 2x x
,

110

12*
=
33*

No. of girls is increased by 10% = 3x x - =

ca _ a

(given)

p+q

8:11

10

or, a: b = 2:1

x+y

:. number of rupee coins = 5 x 1=5

Number of 50-paise coins = 3x = 15
Number of 25-paise coins = 5x = 25
Number of 10-paise coins = 7x = 35
25. c; Let the number of boys be 2x and the number of girls
be3x.

5
33s

be ca be b
b
23. a; Let the numbers be x, y.
.-. x+y = c(given)
and

22.5 or, x = 5

The new ratio of the number of boys to that of girls

12s

bc l

20 "

or, 133s =532 or,x = 2

Second Number is 6x = 12
22. c;

or,

26. a; Let the sum of P, Q, and R be 6x, 19x and 7x.

.-. total sum = 6x + 19x + 7x=32x
From the question
6x:19x+200:7x-200 = 3:10:3
ie6x = 7x-200 .-. x = 200
.-. total sum = 32 x 200 = Rs 6400
27. b; 35percentofx + y =
or,

35s + 100>100

120
= y
100

120
100

^
=> 35s = 20y

123

Ratio & Proportion

^

33. d; Here, neither the total amount nor the individual

amount is given. So the share of Q cannot be determined.

= 7:4
20
5 , 4
-- b = -a
4
5

a
b

2
Given, (40% of a = ) - a = 12.
5

a 2
34. a; Given -

.-. a = 5 x6and 6 = ^ x 5 x 6 = 24
Now,
,
24 ,
;. 50% of b = = 12
2
29.d; P : Q : R = 5:8:12

3a + 4b
4a + 5b

[Dividing numerator and

Aa .
4|-| +5

denominator by b.]

Total share of Q and R

8 + 12

20

Share of P

=4

So, we see that not new information has been given

in question and P's share can't be determined.
30. b; Let the first and the second numbers be x and y respectively then
y + 30% of x = 140% of y or, y + 0.3x = 1.4y
or, 0.3x = 0.4y .-. x : y = 0.4:0.3 = 4:3
31. a; Let the first and second number be x and y respectively

3x- +4
5

26
33

4x~ + 5
5

.-. (3a + 4b): (4a + 5b) = 26:33

35. a; Ratio of values of the coins

5 6 7
:

1 2 4

Value of one-rupee coins = Rs

y-xx

25
100

= 20:12:7

390,3
3

Rs 200

yxValue of 50-paise coins = Rs

Value of 25-paise coins = Rs ^

0 X

3 9 0x

12
T T = R S 120
39

^ j = Rs 70

x : y = 2:3
Let the numbers be y and x respectively.
4x
y
x + 50%of ^ = o r , -

4x

.-. Number of one-rupee coins = 200

Number of 50-paise coins = (120 x 2) = 240
Number of 25-paise coins = (70 M ) = 280.