Digital Camera

( digicam)
. [1]
, [2] PDAs
( ).

. [3]
, imager
. ,
,
, .
.
stitch .

:
1975 -coupled
Sasson [4]

 ; digitized.
; . 1990
.
2000 ,
- ikman.lk . 2010s
.

:

CMOS . CMOS -
Amplifier ,
Amplifier . [5] CMOS CCDs,
. [6] -side- CMOS
(BSI- CMOS ) .
, . [6] [7]

[8] . ,
.
, demosaicing
, . " "
. ,
. , 1000 1000 1,000,000
, 1 .


,
, .

- (
,
(, , ) -CCD
).

-
. - .

.
Microscanning .


. .

.
, .
( - , )
.
.

.

. , -


. [ ?]

21
,
.

, ,

. demosaicing RGB
.

-splitter 3CCD
, - , -
X3 sensor , demosaicing.

RGB
, Adobe
,

 : , , ( ,
).
, ( )
.

2x2 .

, . 4-
, .
, .

interpolated

35mm

.
.
35mm .
, digicams 35mm
- .
, 35mm

. - SLRS 35mm
.

DSLRs
(APS-) 1.3x, Nikon, Pentax
KONICA Minolta APS-
1.5x, 1.6 (APS ,
4/3

2x ~ 1.7x -C).
, 4x .

Table of sensor sizes[9]

Type

Width (mm)

Height (mm)

Size (mm)

1/3.6"

4.00

3.00

12.0

1/3.2"

4.54

3.42

15.5

1/3"

4.80

3.60

17.3

1/2.7"

5.37

4.04

21.7

1/2.5"

5.76

4.29

24.7

1/2.3"

6.16

4.62

28.5

1/2"

6.40

4.80

30.7

1/1.8"

7.18

5.32

38.2

1/1.7"

7.60

5.70

43.3

2/3"

8.80

6.60

58.1

1"

12.8

9.6

123

4/3"

18.0

13.5

243

APS-C

25.1

16.7

419

35 mm

36

24

864

Back

48

36

1728


, .
, multispectral astrographs
, ,
.

(pocketable)
"" .
. ,
actuating .
, (superzoom)
.

.
,
" ", . .
compactness
; lossy (jpeg)
.
, . Flash

 hotshoe . LCD
.
.

Zoom , (30x )

(60x ) DSLR
. [10] Autofocus
imager -
. DSLRs
autofocus .
30x , viewfinder,
, , Wi-Fi- 10fps Full
HD 60p, , NFC GPS
. [11]

,
skeuomorphic [12]
.

, ,
7 4. ,
6 11 ..
,
.

Cyber-shot DSC-RX1 - ,
, , DSLR
.

.
[13]. () , ,
.

2011 3D .
3D 3D
3D .

2013 , - ,
, . [14]

, ,
.
, freezeproof, heatproof,
crushproof .
. [15] 10
(3M), 82 (27 )
. Ruggeds
, .
Flash . - LCD GPS
. 100
. [16] [17]

:
[]

GoPro ,
, ,
, , .

[]
SONY DSC-H2
DSLRs , , DSLR- DSLR-
. ,
. PSAM .
.

autofocus .

superzoom .
Bridgcams DSLR
,
.

2014 ,
20 24mm handholdable
Zoom ( ) " 1 /
2.3 (35mm ) 1000mm
supertele , , (, ISO)
200mm Zoom ,
1 " ( , : RX10)
400mm ( , : Lumix FZ1000) ,
10 15 Zoom .

telephoto

. viewfinder

(EVF) . DSLR .
JPEG .
[18] Flash , hotshoe .

,
,
Zoom .
, . [19]

Mirrorless - []
: Mirrorless -
2008 ,
mirrorless - (MILC), .
, DSLRs . MILC

Pentax ( Pentax
1 / 1.7 ) ,
1 / 2.3 ; 1 ; ;
NEX APS- , Pentax -01, Canon
EOS ; 7 , (35 ..)
.

,

. 2014 ,
. [20]

2014 , MILC
. [21]

[]

 -
,
.

2009 1999 1998 Minolta DiMAGE

EX 1500 Minolta MetaFlash 3D 1500 , 1996 Minolta DiMAGE
GXR .

CES 2013 , Sakar -sensor - "1

Polaroid iM1836, 18 .
, Nikon -mount
. [22]

( )
. ,
viewfinder, .
.
:

Sony 2014 2013

SmartShot QX Cyber-shot DSC-SmartShot QX10 DSC-QX100
. [23] 2014 ,
Cyber-shot DSC-SmartShot QX30 SmartShot ILCE-QX1
, [24] [25] -mount .
2014 [26] PixPro
2014 [27] Vivitar / Sakar Vivicam
, 2014 2015 ,
( ) 2
( )
. [28] [29]
[]

 -30 DSLR
:
(DSLR)

. , ,
45 DSLR penta-
/ viewfinder .
penta- /
, viewfinder /
( ) .

Autofocus . DSLRs
" " .

, 18 36 mm .. (
2, 1.6, 1) .
;
, .
, .

.
,
.

, (DSLT) []
:
DSLT DSLR
. , -
.
DSLR Finder (OVF)
pentaprism / pentamirror .
.

 ,
. DSLT DSLR
, DSLT DSLR
. [ ] DSLT
DSLR DSLT
viewfinder
. DSLT
- .
, . [ ]

2014 , DSLT . 2014

, , DSLRs DSLTs .
[ ]

rangefinders []
:
- .

, .

- []
-
Matrix .
. PCI
grabber
. grabber
.

, TDI (
) .

 . 2D
.
""
. .

,
.
.

:
[]
. periscope ,
2.31 IPx7 -
IPx8 . Finder LCD
. 146 ,
. , .
, , iOS ,
,, . [30]