.....................................................................................................

4..........................................................................................................
5..................................................
8................................
15....................................................................
26........................................................
)......................27 (LMTD &NTU method
27......................................................
NTU- ...........................................................................34
41................................................
45....................................................................
46.............................................................
47.......................................................
47......................................................
TEMA............................................................48
baffle plates............................................................................50
type of baffle ............................................................... 52
55.....................................................................................................
1 | Page

 56.......................................................................................
57.....................................................................................................
58.......................................................................................
58...................................................................................................
59...........................................................................................
)60.....................................................................(serration
tube bundle removal.....................................61
pulling.................................................62
pushing...........................................63
handling tube bundles..........................................65
cleaning of heat exchanger..........65
67.
68........
retube ............ 69
........71

caskets

72............................................................................
73.........
shell&tube......................................77
)( 85............

2 | Page

 )(97............... .
1-TEMA shell&tube nomenclature
2-TEMA shell&tube specification
)3-Wolverine tube(heat transfer data book
98......................

. .



.



.


)(Heat Exchangers

3 | Page

 :
_1
_2
_3
_ 4
_ 5
_6
_7
_8
.

-1

.
. .
) ( A C
. ) ( A C .

4 | Page

A
C .
5 | Page

 .
-2

. A C
. A C .
C A .
.

6 | Page

 "
.
.

:
-1 "-tube" heat exchanger

:
_1
_2
_3
_4
_5
"-Double tube" heat exchanger

. U .

.

7 | Page



.

) ) pipe , ,
, .

) ) pipe ) ) pipe
) ) pipe
.

) ) pipe
) ) pipe
. ) ) pipe ,



:
8 | Page


IPS
1/4 1
1/4 1
2
3
12 -15 20

IPS
2
1/2 2
3
4
ft

) ) pipe
20 ft 40 , ) )pipe
) ) pipe . ,
.
, .
,

14
.
,
100 2ft 200 ,
.
)"(hellflow splral" heat exchanger

9 | Page

 .
.

.

:
:
_1
_2
:
_1
_2
_3
_4
_ )"(shell & tube" heat exchanger


.
.

.
10 | P a g e


-
.
.
- :



. -

.


.

.
. .
.

.
.
plate heat exchanger

11 | P a g e


- .
.

plate & farme heat exchanger

.
.
."


,
.

. -
.
flat plate exchanger
-
12 | P a g e

 .
.

.

,
) ) pipe
. ,

, , , , ,- 70-30
, .
BWG
.
" 10 .
3/4 in 1 . 10
.

.
13 | P a g e


. .
.
.

in OD in 1 in OD 1
in 1/4 1 . :
in OD in 15/16 in OD in 1 in OD 1
. in 1/4 1

"" 45
"" . ""
.
.

) ) pipe IPS 12in . 12
24in .
12 24in in 3/8 300psi
.
14 | P a g e

 24in .

-1.1
-
. .


.
.

.

.
15 | P a g e


.
.
u .
. u
.
.
.
2-1 -

-
.

tube bundle
shell
head
front-end head
rear-end head
baffles
tube sheets

. u
. .
u . .
16 | P a g e

 u .
.
. .

. .
. .

17 | P a g e

 ,
.
:
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5


.

- 1-1

18 | P a g e

 2-1-

.
2-1

.

.
.
"

19 | P a g e

 - 1-3 2-1

2-1 .
.
.

.
. 2-1
"

.

2-1
.
.
.

20 | P a g e

 -1-4

. .
.
.



.
2-1
.

-1-5 2-1

21 | P a g e

-1-6

2-1
2-1

22 | P a g e

 -1-7 2-1

. in ,OD 36 .
.
U
2-1 u



u
3 4
"
.

23 | P a g e

 - 1-8 2-1 u

1-9

u 1-10 .

.

.
.

.

24 | P a g e

 - 1-10 u

.
.
.
.
.
.
"
.
"
.

. 1/8in
.
.

25 | P a g e



.
3fps
4fps .
.
120
120 .
" .

.
.
" 2 .

. .
"
"
.

(LMTD &NTU method) -

1-2-

)(1

Q=UA

=U
26 | P a g e

 A=u

)2-1(

)2-1(

) (1 .
dA

27 | P a g e

)(3

)(2:

:
( 4 )-

(dq

) (3 ) (4

)(5
1 2
.

28 | P a g e

 ) (2

q .
:

)(6
)(7

Q = UA

)( 7) (1
)(8

((LMTD



:
-1

29 | P a g e

 -2
" ,
.
.
F
.
:
Q=U A F

F
)( "

F=1 .

30 | P a g e

 -2-2

31 | P a g e

 -2-3 ,

32 | P a g e

 -2-4 2 4

33 | P a g e

 -2-5 4 8

2-2 - NTU

LMTD
. , LMTD
.

LMTD

34 | P a g e


.
=

. :

,

) (.
mc

mc

.

35 | P a g e

mc .
:

36 | P a g e

)(18

)(18

)(19

) (2 :

) (19 :

37 | P a g e

 )(18

)(19

. " :

)(20

C=mc .

:

)(21

) (NTU

.
.

38 | P a g e

 -2-6
39 | P a g e

40 | P a g e

 -2-7

:
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.

])

=q

-3
-1-3 condenser

.

"

41 | P a g e

 vapour
.
" "" .


.
: .
suface condenser
dead steam .
.
1 2

" .
-3-2- cooler

.
.
.
air cooler exchanger.
-3-3 riboiler
.
-1

kettle type
42 | P a g e

 -2 thermo syphone type

- 1-3-3 kettle type riboyler

.

, .
.

.
vapour space
.

.

.
weter plate
.
u .
.

43 | P a g e

-1
-2
-3 u
-4
-5
-6
-7

-2-3-3

Termo-Syphone Reboiler

.
" " " "
.

. .
.

44 | P a g e

. .
.


.

.
circulation
"

) (
.

-4-3
pass
pass
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6

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45 | P a g e

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pass .

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-1
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.

46 | P a g e

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-1
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-4
water scale
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-2-4 .
-1 U
.
47 | P a g e

 -2 ) ( .
-3
.
-4 ) ( .

-5 TEMA

terminology .
Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association)) TEMA

.

.

."
BEL B A
. AEL" A,B )E () ( )k(
U,L .

48 | P a g e

fixed tube sheet

BEM

U
U tube

,

Floating head or tube
bundle sheet
CFU,AES AES,AEP,AJW,AFS,BET

.


.
)(
" 200
,-,-

,

,

200

kettle

AKT

u



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fixed

)internal
( gasket .




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.

49 | P a g e


-1.6

baffle plates

.

.

.
.
0.2 1 .
.




.
.
.
.
"
.
.

50 | P a g e

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.

-1-6

.
"
75 . 25 .
.

51 | P a g e

 -1-7

90
.
.
25 .

-2-6 type of baffle

-1

cross baffle

.
) segmental" 3.4(
,,
.
1.32in 1.64in
36in
, baffle holes 1.32 in .
36 1.64in.
,
, .

.
transverse baffle .

52 | P a g e




, .
-2
"
.
.

-2

1.4in

.

53 | P a g e



) ( . 12in
.
, ) ( split flow

.

-4

."
.
"
.

54 | P a g e

- 3-6
.
,
.
:
carbon steel
)( brass 67 33
aluminum-bronz 95 5
)monel 70 30 (

copper
)( Graphite
bronze 8 11

55 | P a g e


Stainless Steel 18
.

.
admiralty metal 70 29 1

Copper Alloy
Alloy
Steel


.
.
,
.
:

-4-6
Birmingham Wire
Gauge

56 | P a g e


. .

18-16-14-12-10
.

-5-6
.
1in 1in 3/4in 3/4in
.
. " " 3/8 "1/2 "5/8 " "7/8
"1 " 1/4 1 " 1 "2 " 2
"1/2 "5/8 .
3/4in 1in .
1 .

-6-6
u 20-16-12-10-8
" 16
.
.
. Rate ,
, ,
57 | P a g e

 ." Double Pipe

Heat Exchanger . u
.
. u
.

-7-6
-1
1/8in 12in Nominal Bore 14
.
-2
schedule .

-8-6

1
.
Tube Hole
) SERATION( .
2,3 4
2 .
1.8in 1.64in 3.8in
1.2in.
58 | P a g e


6 10
3.16in
Floating Head Cover .
)(pitch

-7
.

.
" " " brass
, ) ( .
.
Galvanik Crrosion
.
) Electro Motive Force (E.M.F
.
Sacrificial Anode ,
.
" , ."
,
Coal Tar.


59 | P a g e


.

. .
.
,


.

-8 )(serration

.
.
:
.
.1 triangular pattern
.2 square pattern

.
.
- rotated triangular
- rotated square

60 | P a g e



.


.


.
) ( .
)(
*5/4 =

-1-9 tube bundle removal

- horizontal bundl e removal

.

.
) (pad chain block

61 | P a g e


.
12 10
tapped hole
eye bolt .
.

-2-9 pulling
:
.1 tapped hole eye bult
.
.2
steel rod

.
.

.
.
.3
.
.4
)(chian block
pad .
62 | P a g e

 .5
.

.6
.
.7 )(

supportplate
.tube sheets

-3-9 pushing



.
pulling pushing
.
vertical bundle removal

steel rod

overhead crane
.
63 | P a g e




.

.

-4-9 handling tube bundles

.
.1
support plates .
.2 SLING
.
.
.3 PALLET
.
.4
.

64 | P a g e

-5-9 CLEANING OF HEAT EXCHANGER

.

.

. .

.
.
.
" .
.1

chemical cleaning

.

.
.2

high pressure water cleaning

6000 P.S.I
. JET CLEANING .
.3

sang blasting

65 | P a g e


.
.4

driling

heads .
.5

ciculation

sludge
.
.6
.
.7

water jet

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.8

compressed air

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66 | P a g e


.
.10

rodding

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.11

brushing&scraping

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bundle cleaning


.

.
.1

.
.2 floating head cover

. .

-7-9 inspection
67 | P a g e

 "

.
, pitting


joint landing
retube .

-8-9 maintenance of head exchevger

buled up plastic steel

retube
spacer
modification

.



68 | P a g e

 .
.

.
15 20 .
10 .
support
plate .
modification .

spacer ring

replacement
.

-9-9 retube
) (
sketch .
: )(
_
tie rod
106 saw machine .
6 .

69 | P a g e

 - 14 18-17-16-15 ...
diamond chisel

.
- 14 -10-11-12-13 ... 2

.
.
.
"
.
tapped hole
spacer tube
.
. .

.


.

.
.
1/16 1/8 face
cutter U

70 | P a g e

-10-9 caskets
) _ double jacketed
casket solid metal casket"
300PSI
. asbestos
3 1 .
2
nubbin
. 36
1 1
.
.
.

.
.
spiral wound
.
asbestos .
.
full face .
71 | P a g e

 goint landing
.
ring casket external joint
23 23
. ) (
23
23
.
klingrite
.
1800psi 750

.

-11-9 fitting the bundle

-1
tube test
.
-2 test pkug
flush
.
-3
.

72 | P a g e

 -4

.
-5

.
-6

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.

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75 | P a g e

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(

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,
.

76 | P a g e


shell&tube

77 | P a g e

120 1.3

lb/hr 20160 %30

150 90 68 90

0.002 .
psi 2-1 10
ID 52 BWG16 3/4in,OD 160 in 1.
10.02in
in. 2
:

ID=10.02in
=2in
=1

=52,160
, BWG,OD=3/4in,16BWG,1in
=2

= 0.757=1*0.7+*0.19*0.3
78 | P a g e

 Q=20160+0.757 (150-90)=915000 Btu/hr

Q=41600*1.0(90-68)=915000

Btu/hr

LMTD=37.9 F

Tc ,tc Ta ,ta . 120 79

:
=0.302in2

10

=V

79 | P a g e

 10

D=0.62/12=0.0517 ft

* 0.62/0.75 =662 Btu/ hr

: ,

80 | P a g e

=0.95/12=0.079 ft

28

K=0.9

81 | P a g e

10

A=52*160*0.1963=163

82 | P a g e

83 | P a g e

 :
N+1=12L/B=12*16/2=96

84 | P a g e

85 | P a g e

86 | P a g e

87 | P a g e

88 | P a g e

89 | P a g e

90 | P a g e

91 | P a g e

92 | P a g e

93 | P a g e

94 | P a g e

95 | P a g e

96 | P a g e

 -
1-TEMA shell&tube nomenclature
2-TEMA shell&tube specification
3-Wolverine tube(heat transfer data book)

97 | P a g e

 :
1-
heat exchanger ,kern -2

1-M.R.Jafari Nasr, G.T. Polley, An Algorithm for Cost Comparison of Optimized Shelland-Tube Heat Exchangers with Tube Inserts and Plain Tubes, Chem.Eng.Technol.

2-G.T.Polley, M.R.Jafari Nasr and A.Terranova, Determination and Applications of the

Benefits of Heat Transfer Enhancement,

3-M.R. Jafari Nasr, A.T.Zoghi,Performance Improvement of Tehran Refinery Pre-heater

Exchangers Using Heat Transfer Enhancement.

4-M.R.Jafari Nasr, G.T. Polley and A.T. Zoghi , Performance Evaluation of Heat
Transfer Enhancement (H.T.E. Technology), 14th International Chemical and Process
Engineering Congress, CHISA, Parha, Czech Republic,

98 | P a g e