Review:

Fundamental Operations

I. Addition

A. For numbers or terms having the

SAME signs

C. For more than two addends

(numbers or terms)

1. Add the positive equivalents of

the integers

1. Group and add the addends with

the same sign

2. Attach the common sign to the

result

2. Get the difference of their sums

Examples:

Examples:
|4|

9
9.
|27|

57
57.

d.

|5|

30

b. 27

c.

a.

a. 4

20

|6|

7 6
13
13.
15

|20|

|15|

30

155

*Then follow procedures for adding
numbers or terms
Examples:
a. 6 10 6
10

4
b.
4
3
4
3

2. Attach the sign of the larger

number to the result

Examples:
c. 39

3
6
Difference between 6 and 3: 3
Since 6 > 3, the sign of the sum is
positive
3
6 3

42
16
Difference between 42 and 16: 26
Since 42 > 16, the sign is negative
42
16
26

110
45

155

20 15
35
35.

b. 38
20
Difference between 38 and 20: 18
Since 38 > 20, the sign the sum is
positive
38
20
18

To subtract an integer, add its opposite

express it as an addition of the
negative

1. Get the difference of the positive

equivalents of the integers

c.

30
0

16
22

II. Subtraction

B. For numbers or terms having

different signs

a.

22 8
14 16

b. 31 70 9
155
31 70 9

|30|

|7|

14

7
7

45

d.

39
84

12

45
8

4.

12

III. Multiplication

IV. Division

Multiplication is repeated addition

Rules:

Rules:

In multiplying 2 factors (numbers or

terms),

In multiplying 2 factors (numbers or

terms),

Same Sign POSITIVE

Same Sign POSITIVE

Any Number & 0 0

0
0

192

7 4

3 8

i.

4
51

3

57

19

19

165 0

0 ;

51

c. 57

30

d.

273

21

56

48

e. 0
165
0
f. 0
5
0

h.

17

g.

0 ;

72

f.

b.

4 6 8

a. 12

e.

Examples:

12

Any Number divided by 0

UNDEFINED

a. 4 3
4 3
12
b.
8
3
8
24.
c.
8 4
32
6

Examples:

d.

0 divided by Any Number 0

Different Sign NEGATIVE

Different Sign NEGATIVE

273

21

13