B CNG THNG

TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM

TP. HCM

L HU K SN

Bi tp
Ton cao cp A2 - C2

MSSV: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
H tn: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

TP. HCM Ngy 15 thng 2 nm 2012

Mc lc
1 MA
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4

TRN V NH THC
Ma trn . . . . . . . . . . . .
nh thc . . . . . . . . . . .
Ma trn nghch o . . . . . .
Hng ca ma trn . . . . . . .

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

2 H PHNG TRNH TUYN TNH

3
3
5
6
7
8

3 KHNG GIAN VECTOR

3.1 Khng gian vector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2 Khng gian Euclide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9
9
10

4 NH X TUYN TNH
4.1 nh x tuyn tnh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2 Gi tr ring - vector ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11
11
13

5 DNG TON PHNG

14

Ti liu tham kho

15

Chng 1
MA TRN V NH THC
1.1

Ma trn

1.

2.

3.

4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

9.

10.

1 2
0 1
2 3
Cho A = 1 3 ;B = 3 2 ;C = 1 2 .
3 4
2 3
4 1
Tnh (A + B) + C; A + (B + C); 3A 2B; (3A)t ; (3A 2B)t .

1 2 1
2 3 1
2 3 0
Cho ma trn A = 0 1 2 ;B = 1 1 0 ;C = 1 2 4.
3 1 1
1 2 1
4 1 0
Tnh A.B.C v A.C + B.C.

a b c
1 a c
Tnh A = c b a 1 b b .
1 1 1
1 c a


1 0
Cho ma trn
, hy tm ma trn A2012 .
2 1


1 0
Cho ma trn
, hy tm ma trn A2012 .
5 1


cos sin
Cho ma trn A =
, hy tm ma trn A2012 .
sin cos


0 1
Cho ma trn A =
, hy tm ma trn A2012 .
1 0


0 0
Cho ma trn A =
. Tnh ma trn (I A)2012 .
1 0

0 0 1
Cho ma trn J = 1 0 0. Tnh ma trn J 2012
0 1 0


0 0
Cho ma trn A =
. Hy tnh tng sau
1 0
2012
X

2n An = In + 2A + 4A2 + 8A3 + 16A4 + + 22011 A2011 + 22012 A2012

n=0


11. Cho ma trn A =
2012
X


0 0
. Hy tnh tng sau
1 0
An = In + A + A2 + A3 + A4 + + A2011 + A2012

n=0


12. Cho ma trn A =
2012
X


0 1
. Hy tnh tng sau
0 0

2n An = In + 2A + 4A2 + 8A3 + 16A4 + + 22011 A2011 + 22012 A2012

n=0


13. Cho ma trn A =
2012
X


0 1
. Hy tnh tng sau
0 0
An = In + A + A2 + A3 + A4 + + A2011 + A2012

n=0

0 1 1
14. Cho ma trn A = 0 0 1. Hy tnh tng sau
0 0 0
2012
X
(2)n An = In 2A + 4A2 8A3 + 16A4 + + (2)2011 A2011 + (2)2012 A2012
n=0


15. Cho ma trn A =


a b
, hy tnh A2 (a + d)A + (ad bc)I2 .
c d

16. Tm f (A) nu

2 1
a. f (x) = x 5x + 3 vi A =
;
3 3

2 1 1
b. f (x) = x2 x 1 vi A = 3 1 2 .
1 1 0.
2

17. Cho A l ma trn vung cp 1000 m phn t dng i l i. Tm phn t dng 1 ct

3 ca ma trn A2 .
18. Cho A l ma trn vung cp 1000 m phn t dng i l (1)i i. Tm phn t dng
2 ct 3 ca ma trn A2 .
19. Cho A l ma trn vung cp 1000 m phn t dng i ct j l (1)i+j . Tm phn t
dng 1 ct 2 ca ma trn A2 .
20. Cho A l ma trn vung cp 1000 m phn t dng i l 2i1 . Tm phn t dng 2
ct 4 ca ma trn A2 .

21. Hy tms
0
a. A = 0
0

0
0
d. A =
0
0

1.2

n
n nguyn
(ma
dng nh
nht matrn A = 0
1 0
0 1 1
0
0 1
b. A = 0 0 1
c. A = 0
0 0
0 0
0
0

0 1 1
0
0 0
0 0 1

1 0 0
e.
A
=
0 0 0
1 1 0
0 0 0

trn-khng),
vi

0 1
0 0
0 0

nh thc

1. Bit cc s 204, 527, 255 chia ht cho 17. Khng tnh nh thc, chng minh rng:
2 0 4


5 2 7 chia ht cho 17.


2 5 5
2. Tnh cc nh thc
sau



 5 3 2
1
a
1 1








1 = 1 2 4; 2 = 1 0 1; 3 = a




a

 1 1
 0 
 7 3 6
0 a 0 
a b c 
0 1 1






5 = 1 0 1; 6 =  b c a; 7 =  b c d;


c a b


1 1 0

 0 c 0
a + x
sin a cos a
x
x 




b+x
x  ; 10 =  sin b cos b
9 =  x
 x
 sin c cos c
x
c + x



1
a


x; 4 = 1


x
1
a x x


8 = x b x ;


 x x c
1 1
1


1 ; 11 =  x y
 x2 y 2
1
a
a
a


1 1
2 3
3 6




 x

y
x
+
y
1 




x+y
x 
z  ; 12 =  x
x + y
y
y 
z2

3. Gii
 cc phng trnh v
 bt phng trnh
 x
x + 1 x + 2


a. x + 3 x + 4 x + 5 = 0;
x + 6 x + 7 x + 8 


2 x + 2 1


1
2 0;
b. 1
5 3
x
4. Chng
minh rng




 a1 + b 1 x a 1 x + b 1 c 1 
a1 +b1 c1 




a. a2 + b2 x a2 x + b2 c2  = (1 x2 ) a2 b2 c2  ;
 a3 + b 3 x a 3 x + b 3 c 3 
 a3 b 3 c 3 




1 a a 3 
1 a a 2 




3
b. 1 b b  = (a + b + c) 1 b b2  ;
1 c c3 
1 c c2 
5. Hy tnh
 cc nh
4 5 2

 2 2 1
1 = 
 6 3 3
 4 1 5

thc
 sau 



3 9 4 2
1 1

6
1
1




1 2 0
1 1 2
3
3 
2 


; =
; =
9 2 2 3
0 1 3 1 1 1 3 
2 1 2
1 1
6
1
1 1

2
b2
6. Hy tnh nh thc ca ma trn b 2 b2 + 4
2b
4b
p s : nh thc ma trn bng 0.

 5
3
0
0

 2
5
3
0


2
5
3
7. Tnh nh thc cp n: Dn =  0


 0
0
0
0

 1 x1 x21

 1 x2 x22
8. Tnh nh thc Vandermond: Dn = 

 1 xn x2
n

1.3

2b
4b
2
b +4

0 
0 
0 

5


xn1
1

n1 
x2 


n1 
x

0
0
0

2

Ma trn nghch o


1. Tm s thc m ma trn A =




m1
0
m
1
m1
0
kh
0 m1
1
m1
1
m2

nghch.

0 1 0
0 m 1
2. Cho ma trn A =
0 m m 2
4 0 0
1
p s :
.
4


1 2
3. Cho ma trn A =
v B
3 4


1 2
4. Cho ma trn A =
v B
3 4
5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

0
0
. Hy tm phn t dng 1 ct 4 ca A1 .
1
0


1
=
3

7
=
1


2 3
. Tm ma trn X tha AX = B.
2 1

7 1
. Tm ma trn X tha AX = B.
7 7

 
 

2 1
3 2
2 4
Tm ma trn X tha mn phng trnh
X
=
3 2
5 3
3 1

1 2 3
1 0
Tm ma trn X tha mn phng trnh 2 6 5 X = 2 1
1 3 2
0 1



1 2 0
2
1
0
Tm ma trn X tha mn phng trnh X 2 2 3 =
0 1 1
1 1 1

3 0
1
1 1 1
3 0
1
1 1 0 1 X = 8 1
1
Tm ma trn X tha mn phng trnh 8 1
5 3 2
1 1 2
5 3 2

1 2
1
2 3 5
2 3 5
Tm ma trn X tha mn phng trnh X 3 2 0 0 1 6 = 0 1 6
2 3 1
2 0 6
2 0
6
6

10. Tm
tha mn
ma trn X
phng
8 1 5
17 3
6 2 X 2 11
2 1
2 4
0
5 7

trnh

9
1 2
3 X = 0 1
2
2 1

11. Tmma trn X tha

mnphng trnh


1
0
1
1 2 5
1
2
0
3 X =
2X 2 2 1 + X 4 5
2 3 1
2 3 3
5 4 2

0 1 1 1
1 0 1 1

. Tm A1 .
1
1
0

1
12. Cho A =

1 1 1 0

1.4

Hng ca ma trn

1. Tm hng ca cc ma trn sau

4 3 5

1 3
5 1

2 1 3 2 4
2 1 3 4 8 6 7

1) 4 2 5 1 7 ; 2)
5 1 1 7 ; 3)4 3 8
4 3 1
2 1 1 8 2
7 7
9
1
8 6 1

2
2
1

1
1 3 1 6
0 1 10 3
0
4

7 1 3 10
2 0 4 52 2
1
5

4)
17 1 7 22; 5) 16 4 52 9 ; 6)1 2 2

3 1 8
3 4 2 10
8 1 6 7
1
2 3

1 2 3
4
5 8 11 m + 15
bng 2.
2. Tm m hng ca ma trn A =
2 3 4
5
3 5 7 m + 10
p s : m = 1.
3. Bin
lun hng ca
cc ma trn
sau theo tham
1 2 1 1
3 m 1 2
1 4 7 2
m 1 1 1

A=
1 10 17 4 ; B = 1 m 0 1
1
2 2 1
4 1 3 3

s m

1
3

m
1
;C=

1
1
1
2

2 3
4 2

2 7

2 5
4 6

5 1
2 1

0
1

6 1

1 1
7 2

1 1 4
4 10 1

7 17 3
2 4 3

Chng 2
H PHNG TRNH TUYN TNH

5 1
1
2 1
a
1. Cho h phng trnh Ax = B 26 7 4 2 1 x = b . Tm iu kin
31 8 5 4 2
c
ca a, b, c h c nghim.
p s : a b + c = 0.

=m
x + my + z
x + 2y + 2z
=1
2. nh m h phng trnh sau v nghim

2
2x + (m + 2)y + (m + 2)z = m2 + m
p s : m = 2.
3. Tm m 2 h sau c nghim chung

x y + z + 2t
= 2m
2x 3y 2z 5t = 2


v

2x + 3y + z 5t
= 3m
5x 9y 11z 26t = 1

p s : m = 23 .
4. Gii
cc h phng
2x y z
3x + 4y 2z
1)

3x 2y + 4z

trnh sau

=4
x + y + 2z = 1
x 3y + 4z + t = 1
= 11 ; 2)
2x y + 2z = 4 ; 3)
2x 5y + z 5t = 2

= 11
4x + y + 4z = 2
5x 13y + 6z
=5

x + y + 2z + 3t = 1
x + 2y + 3z + 4t = 5

x + 2y + 4z = 31
3x y z 2t = 4
2x + y + 2z + 3t = 1
5x + y + 2z = 29 ; 5)
4)
; 6)
2x + 3y z t = 6
3x + 2y + z + 2t = 1

3x y + z = 10

x + 2y + 3z t = 4
4x + 3y + 2z + t = 5

y 3z + 4t
= 5
x + y 3z = 1

x 2y + z + t = 1

x 2z + 3t = 4
2x + y 2z = 1
x 2y + z t = 1 ; 9)
7)
; 8)
3x + 2y 5t = 12
x+y+z
=3

x 2y + z + 5t = 5

4x + 3y 5z = 5
x + 2y 3z = 1

x + 3y + 4z t = 2
2x + 7y + 4z + t = m + 11 c nghim v gii vi m .
5. Tm m h

x + 5y 4z + 5t = m + 9

Chng 3
KHNG GIAN VECTOR
3.1

Khng gian vector

1. Trong R3 , trong cc h sau, h no l h ph thuc tuyn tnh

A A = {u1 = (5, 4, 3), u2 = (3, 3, 2), u3 = (8, 1, 3)},
B B = {u1 = (2, 1, 3), u2 = (3, 1, 5), u3 = (1, 4, 3)}
C C = {u1 = (1, 2, 3), u2 = (4, 5, 6), u3 = (7, 8, 9)}
D D = {u1 = (0, 1, 2), u2 = (1, 2, 7), u3 = (0, 4, 4)}.
2. Cho P2 l tp hp cc a thc bc b hn hoc bng 2 vi h s thc. Chng minh rng
a. H A = {p1 (x) = 1 + 2x + 3x2 , p2 (x) = 2 + 3x + 4x2 , p3 (x) = 3 + 5x + 7x2 } l ph
thuc tuyn tnh.
b. H B = {q1 (x) = 1, q2 (x) = 1 + x, q3 (x) = 1 + x + x2 } l c lp tuyn tnh.
c. H {p(x), p0 (x), p(x)}, trong p0 (x), p(x) l o hm cp 1 v cp 2 ca p(x) =
ax2 + bx + c; a, b, c R l c lp tuyn tnh.
3. Chng minh rng tp hp F = {y = (y1 , y2 , y3 , y4 )|y2 + y3 + y4 = 0} l mt khng gian
vector con ca R4 .
4. Tm iu kin vector (x, y, z) khng phi l mt t hp tuyn tnh ca h
F = {u = (1, 2, 1), v = (1, 1, 0), w = (3, 6, 3)}.
p s : y = x + z.
5. Trong R4 , vi W = h{u1 , u2 , u3 }i = h{(1, 1, 1, 0), (0, 2, 1, 1), (1, 0, 1, 2)}i. Cho
u = (x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) R4 . Tm iu kin u W .
p s : 7x1 + 2x2 + 5x3 x4 = 0.

4 0 1
6. Trong R3 xt hai c s A, B. Bit ma trn chuyn c s t A sang B l P = 1 4 4
1 1 2
v ta x i vi c s A l [x]A = (13, 13, 13). Tm ta ca x i vi c s B.
p s : [x]B = (1, 6, 9).
7. Tm ta (x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) ca vector u = (1, 1, 1, 1) theo c s {u1 = (0, 1, 1, 1), u2 =
(1, 0, 1, 1), u3 = (1, 1, 0, 1), u4 = (1, 1, 1, 0)}.

8. Tm ta (x1 , x2 , x3 ) ca vector u = (m, m, 4m) theo c s {u1 = (1, 2, 3), u2 =

(3, 7, 9), u3 = (5, 10, 16)}.
p s : x1 = m, x2 = m, x3 = m.
9. Cho
bit ma trn chuyn
c s t c s U = {u1 , u2 , u3 } sang c s chnh tc E l

1
1
2
A = 0 1 0 . Tm ta (x1 , x2 , x3 ) ca vector u = (1, 0, 1).
1 1 1
p s : x1 = 3, x2 = 0, x3 = 2.
10. Trong khng gian R3 cho hai c s, c s chnh tc E v
F = {f1 = (1, 1, 1); f2 = (1, 1, 1); f3 = (1, 1, 1)}. Hy tm ma trn chuyn c s t
F sang E?

0 0.5 0.5
p s : PF E = 0.5 0 0.5.
0.5 0.5 0
11. Tm s chiu v c
s ca khng gian
x1 2x2 + x3
2x1 x2 x3
trnh thun nht

2x1 + 4x2 2x3

12. Tm s chiu v c

trnh thun nht

con khng gian R3 cc nghim ca h phng

= 0
= 0
= 0

s ca khng gian con

x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 + 4x4
3
1
x1 + x2 + x3 + 2x4
2
2
2
4
1
x1 + x2 + x3 + x4
3
3
3
1
1
3
x1 + x2 + x 3 + x4
4
2
4

khng gian R4 cc nghim ca h phng

= 0
= 0
= 0
= 0

13. S = {x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 , x5 } l mt h vector trong R4 . Tm hng ca S nu x1 =

(1, 1, 1, 1); x2 = (1, 1, 1, 1); x3 = (3, 1, 1, 1); x4 = (3, 1, 1, 1); x5 = (2, 0, 0, 0).

3.2

Khng gian Euclide

1. Trong khng gian EUCLIDE R3 vi tch v hng thng thng, cho ba vector x =
(2, b, c); y = (1, 2, 2); z = (2, 2, a). Tm a, b, c ba vector trn to thnh mt h trc
giao.
2. Trc giao ha v trc chun ha Gram-Schmidt h cc vector x1 = (1, 2, 3) v x2 =
(3, 1, 2).




2
3
31
8
5
1
; y2 =
,
,
.
p s : y1 = , ,
14 14 14
1050 1050 1050
3. Trc giao ha v trc chun ha Gram-Schmidt h cc vector x1 = (1, 1, 1); x2 =
(1, 1, 0) v x2 = (1, 0, 0).
4. Trong khng gian EUCLIDE R3 cho khng gian vector con W = {x R3 |2x1 +x2 x3 =
0}. Tm mt c s trc giao v mt c s trc chun ca W .
5. Trong khng gian EUCLIDE R4 cho khng gian vector con W = {x R4 |x1 + x2 + x3 =
0, x1 + x2 + x4 = 0}. Tm mt c s v mt c s trc chun ca W .
10

Chng 4
NH X TUYN TNH
4.1

nh x tuyn tnh

1. Trong cc nh x sau, nh x no l nh x tuyn tnh

1. f : R3 R3 , f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = (x2 x3 , x1 + x3 , 3x1 x2 + 2x3 )
2. f : R3 R3 , f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = (x1 + x2 , x2 + 2, x3 + 3)
3. f : R2 R, f (x1 , x2 , ) = |x2 x1 |
4. f : R2 R2 , f (x1 , x2 ) = (2x1 , x2 )
5. f : R2 R2 , f (x1 , x2 ) = (x21 , x2 )
6. f : R2 R2 , f (x1 , x2 ) = (x2 , x1 )
7. f : R2 R2 , f (x1 , x2 ) = (0, x2 )
8. f : R2 R2 , f (x1 , x2 ) = (x1 , x2 + 1)
9. f : R2 R2 , f (x1 , x2 ) = (2x1 + x2 , x1 x2 )
10. f : R2 R2 , f (x1 , x2 ) = (x2 , x2 )

11. f : R2 R2 , f (x1 , x2 ) = ( 3 x1 , 3 x2 )
12. f : R3 R3 , f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = (x1 , x1 + x3 + x2 )
13. f : R3 R3 , f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = (0, 0)
14. f : R3 R3 , f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = (1, 1)
15. f : R3 R3 , f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = (2x1 + x2 , 3x2 4x3 )
2. Hy tm ma trn chnh tc ca mi nh x tuyn tnh sau
1. f (x1 , x2 ) = (2x1 x2 , x1 + x2 )
2. f (x1 , x2 ) = (x1 , x2 )
3. f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = (x1 + 2x2 + x3 , x1 + 5x2 , x3 )
4. f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = (4x1 , 7x2 , 8x3 )
5. f (x1 , x2 , ) = (x2 , x1 , 3x2 + x1 , x1 x2 )
6. f (x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) = (7x1 2x2 x3 + x4 , x2 + x3 , x1 )
7. f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
8. f (x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) = (x4 , x1 , x3 , x2 , x1 x3 )
11

3. Cho nh x tuyn tnh f : R4 R4 , nh bi

f (x, y, z, t) = (x + 2y + 4z 3t, 3x + 5y + 6z 4t, 4x + 5y 2z + 3t, 3x + 8y + 24z 19t).
Xt khng gian vector con V = {(x, y, z, t)/f (x, y, z, t) = (0, 0, 0, 0)}. Tm s chiu v
mt c s ca V .
p s : khng gian vector V c s chiu bng 2 v mt c s ca n
{v = (8, 6, 1, 0), u = (7, 5, 0, 1)}.


2 1
2
2
4. Cho T : R R l nh x nhn vi ma trn
8 4
1. Vector no sau y Im(T ): (1,-4); (5,0); (-3,12).
2. Vector no sau y Ker(T ): (5,10); (3,2); (1,1).
5. Tm nhn v nh ca cc nh x tuyn tnh sau
1. f : R3 R3 , f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = (x1 2x2 + x3 , 2x1 x2 x3 , x1 + x2 2x3 )
2. f : R3 R3 , f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = (x1 + x2 + x3 , x1 + x2 + x3 , x1 + x2 + x3 )

1 3 2 2
6. Cho f : R4 R3 , v A = 2 1 2 1. Vi f (x) = AX, X R4 , hy xc nh
1 2 0 1
nhn v nh ca nh x tuyn tnh f .
7. f l mt

A= 5
7

nh
1
6
4

xma trnxc nh nh
sau
3
2 0 1
4; B = 4 0 2;
2
0 0 0

1
4
5
0
9


3 2 1 0 1
4 1 5 2

C=
;D=
1 0 1 0 1
1 2 3 0
2
3
5 1 8
Hy tm
1. Mt c s v s chiu cho Im(f );
2. Mt c s v s chiu cho Ker(f );

8. Cho f : R2 R2 l nh x tuyn tnh c tnh cht f (1, 1) = (2, 0); f (0, 1) = (3, 1).
Tnh f (1, 0) v tm ma trn ca f trong c s chnh tc ca R2 .
2
2
9. 
Cho nh
 x tuyn tnh f : R R , ma trn ca f i vi c s F = {(2, 1), (1, 1)} l
2 2
. Hy tm biu thc ca f .
1 1
p s : f (x, y) = (5y, 3y).

10. Xt c s S = {v1 , v2 , v3 }, trong R3 trong v1 = (1, 2, 3), v2 = (2, 5, 3), v3 = (1, 0, 10).
Tm cng thc biu din nh x tuyn tnh f : R3 R2 xc nh bi T (v1 ) =
(1, 0), T (v2 ) = (1, 0), T (v3 ) = (0, 1). Tnh T (1, 1, 1), trong cc c s chnh tc ca
R3 , R2 .

12

4.2

Gi tr ring - vector ring

1. Tm 
cc gi 
tr ringv vector
 ring
 ca cc
 ma trn
6 4
5 2
9 12
A=
;B=
;C=
4 2
2 8
12 6
2. Tm
cc gi tr ringv vector
ring ca cc
ma trn

2 1 1
3 1 1
6 2
2
A = 1 2 1; B = 1 5 1; C = 2 3 4
0
0
1
1 1 3
2 4 3

8 9 9
3. Cho ma trn A = 10 13 10, hy tm cc gi tr ring ca ma trn A?
4 6 3
p s : {2, 1, 3}

3
3
2
1 2 v xc nh cc
4. Tm tr ring thc v vector ring ca ma trn A = 1
3 1 0
khng gian vector ring tng ng.

2 1 0
5. Tm tr ring thc v vector ring ca ma trn A = 0 1 1 v xc nh cc khng
0 2 4
gian vector ring tng ng.

2 2 1
6. Tm tr ring thc v vector ring ca ma trn A = 1 3 1 v xc nh cc khng
1 2 2
gian vector ring tng ng.
7. Tm tr ring
v
15

c) A = 9
4

vector
18
12
4

ringca ccma trn sau, t hy

cho ha
16
0 8 6
2 0

8 ; B = 1 8 7 ; C =
1 1
6
1 14 11
2 0

13

cc
ma trn (nu
1
1
1

Chng 5
DNG TON PHNG
1. Vit ma trn ca cc dng ton phng sau:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

f (x1 , x2 ) = 3x21 4x1 x2 x22

f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = x21 2x1 x2 x1 x3
f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = 2x21 2x22 + 5x23 8x1 x2 16x1 x3 + 14x2 x3
f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = 2x1 x2 6x2 x3 + 2x3 x1
f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = 2x21 + 3x1 x2 + 4x3 x1 + x22 + x23
f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = 4x1 x2 4x1 x3 + 3x22 2x3 x2 + 3x23
f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = x21 + x22 + 3x23 + 4x1 x2 + 2x1 x3 + 2x2 x3
f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = x21 2x22 + x23 + 2x1 x2 + 4x1 x3 + 2x2 x3
f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = x21 3x23 2x1 x2 + 2x1 x3 6x2 x3

2. a v dng chnh tc dng ton phng

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = 2x1 x2 6x2 x3 + 2x3 x1

f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = 2x21 + 3x1 x2 + 4x3 x1 + x22 + x23
f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = 4x1 x2 4x1 x3 + 3x22 2x3 x2 + 3x23
f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = x21 + x22 + 3x23 + 4x1 x2 + 2x1 x3 + 2x2 x3
f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = x21 2x22 + x23 + 2x1 x2 + 4x1 x3 + 2x2 x3
f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = x21 3x23 2x1 x2 + 2x1 x3 6x2 x3

3. Cho dng ton phng Q(x) = x21 + 2x22 + 2x23 + 2x1 x2 2x1 x3 = xT Ax. Bng php bin
i trc giao, v vi c s trc chun







2 1 1
1 1 1
1 1
y1 = , , , y2 = , , , y3 = 0, ,
.
6 6 6
3 3 3
2 2
Hy a dng ton phng ny v dng chnh tc.
p s : g(z) = 3z22 + 2z32
4. Kho st tnh cht xc nh (du) ca dng ton phng sau
f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = 5x21 + x22 + 4x1 x3 4x3 x2 + 5x23
5. Kho st tnh cht xc nh (du) ca dng ton phng sau
f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = 3x21 + x22 + 5x23 + 4x1 x2 8x1 x3 4x2 x3
6. nh m dng ton phng sau xc nh m
f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = 5x21 x22 mx23 4x1 x2 + 2x1 x3 + x2 x3
14

Ti liu tham kho

[1] Trn Lu Cng (Ch bin), Nguyn nh Huy, Hunh B Ln, Nguyn B Thi, Nguyn
Quc Ln, Ton Cao Cp 2 i S Tuyn Tnh, Nh xut bn gio dc, 2005.
[2] Nguyn nh Tr (Ch bin), L Trng Vinh, Dng Thy V, Bi tp Ton Hc Cao
Cp Tp 1 (Dng cho sinh vin cc trng cao ng). Nh xut bn gio dc Vit Nam,
2010.
[3] Nguyn nh Tr (Ch bin), T Vn nh, Nguyn H Qunh. Bi tp TON CAO
CP Tp mt i s v hnh hc gii tch. Nh xut bn gio dc, 2010.

15