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CHEMICAL
THERMODYMANICS
The first law of thermodynamics:
Energy and matter can be neither created nor destroyed;
only transformed from one form to another. The energy
and matter of the universe is constant.
.
HEAT
Symbolized by "q".
HEAT FLOW
Heat can flow in one of two directions:
Exothermic
To give off heat; energy is lost from the
system: (-q)
Endothermic
To absorb heat; energy is added to the
system: (+q)
q = m c T
1 cal = 4.184 J
NOTE: This conversion correlates to the specific heat of water which is 1
cal/g oC or 4.184 J/g oC.
SPECIFIC HEAT
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF
ENERGY
-qhot = qcold
-mh x ch x Th = mc x cc x Tc
where T = Tfinal - Tinitial
-mh x ch x Th = mc x cc x Tc
- (100.0g) (4.184 J/goC) (12.0-97.6oC) = m (4.184J/goC) (12.0-0.0 oC)
35 815.04 J = m (50.21/g)
m = 35 815.04 J / (50.21 cal/g)
m = 713.3 g
PRACTICE PROBLEM #7
1. Iron metal has a specific heat of 0.449 J/g oC. How much heat is
transferred to a 5.00 g piece of iron, initially at 20.0 oC, when it is placed
in a beaker of boiling water at 1 atm?
180. J
2. How many joule of energy are given off to lower the temperature of 100.0
g of iron from 150.0 oC to 35.0 oC?
5146.32 J
3. If 3.47 kJ were absorbed by 75.0 g H 2O at 20.0 oC, what would be the final
temperature of the water?
31.1 oC
4. A 100. g sample of water at 25.3 oC was placed in a calorimeter. 45.0 g of
lead shots (at 100 oC) was added to the calorimeter and the final
temperature of the mixture was 34.4 oC. What is the specific heat of
lead?
1.28 J/g oC
5. A 17.9 g sample of unknown metal was heated to 48.31 oC. It was then
added to 28.05 g of water in an insulted cup. The water temperature rose
from 21.04 oC to 23.98oC. What is the specific heat of the metal in J/g oC?
0.792 J/goC