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ABG
disorder
different disorders 3
respiratory
metabolic
normal values
pH=7.35 - 7.45
PaCO2 = 35 - 45 mmHg
PaO2 = 80 - 100 mmHg
HCO3 = 22 - 26 mlEq/L
anion gap
HAGMA
High anion gap metabolic acidosis
anion gap
anion gap
acidosis
accumulation of non volatile acids or loss of bicarbonate
Na-(Cl+HCO3) =8-14 mEq/L
anions and cations
anion gap
balance
cations=anions
Na+unmeasured cations=(Cl +HCO3)+unmeasured anions
Na-(Cl+HCO3)=UA-UC
UA-UC
anion gap
albumin
hypoalbuminaemia
albumin 50%
anion gap 75%
ABG
Albumin
STEP 1
20
anion gap
) AG = Na-(Cl+HCO3
normal value =9-16
anion gap
acidosis
20
HAGMA is most likely present
30
anion gap
high anion gap metabolic acidosis
pH and HCO3
anion gap
metabolic disorder
delta gap HCO3
delta gap+HCO3
mmol/L26
metabolic disorder
metabolic disorder
26 - 24
HAGMA
HAGMA
Values
disorders
735
745
acidaemia
alkalaemia
HCO3
STEP 2
pH
pH
pH
metabolic acidosis
PaCO2
pH
respiratory acidosis
HCO3
pH
metabolic alkalosis
PaCO2
pH
respiratory alkalosis
respiratory disorder
Disorder
respiratory disorder
STEP 3
acute or chronic
: metabolic acidosis
PaCO2=(1.5HCO3+8)+/-2
: metabolic alkalosis
( PaCO2=40+0.7(measured HCO3-24
: Respiratory acidosis
Chronic : HCO3 inc. 3.5 mmol/L for every 10 mmHg inc. in PaCO2*
and pH decrease 0.003 per 1 mmHg inc. in PaCO2
: Respiratory alkalosis
ABG
full analysis
diagnosis
of any disorder