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i
ix
1

19

21

21

22

24

26

29

33

39

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The Development and Research Agendas of

International Climate Politics

1990

Michael J. Hogan ed., The End of the Cold War: Its Meaning and Implications (Cambridge:

Paul G. Harris ed., The Politics of Climate Change: Environmental Dynamics in International

Cambridge University Press, 1992), pp. 1-3.

Affairs (London: Routledge, 2009), pp. 3-4
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1824Joseph Fourier1858
John Tyndall
1896Svante A. Arrheniu
3
1960
1957Roger RevelleHans E. Suess

1972
United Nations Conference on the Human Environment
Declaration of United Na-

Isaac M. Held & Brian J. Soden, Water Vapor Feedback and Global Warming, Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, Vol. 25 (November 2000), pp. 441-475.

Roger Revelle & Hans Suess, Carbon Dioxide Exchange between Atmosphere and Ocean and
the Question of an Increase of Atmospheric CO2 during the Past Decades, Tellus, Vol. 9 (Feb-

ruary 1957), pp. 18-27.

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tions Conference on Human Environment

5
1979World Meteorological Organization, WMO
1

1985United Nations Environment Program,

UNEPInternational Council for Science,
ICSU
2050
1

6
19851987Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone LayerMontreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer

1987James E. Hansen
18801985
1000.5~0.77
19902

World Meteorological Organization (WMO), The Assessment of the Role of Carbon Dioxide
and of Other Greenhouse Gases in Climate Variations and Associated Impacts, report to the
International Conference of the Greenhouse Effect, Climatic Change, and Ecosystems (Villach,
Austria: UNEP/ WMO/ ICSU, 9-15 October 1985).

James E. Hansen & S. Lebedeff, Global Trends of Measured Surface Air Temperature, Jour-

nal of Geophysical Research, No. 92 (July 1987), pp. 13345-13372.

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45/212
Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee, INC

1992United Nations Framework

Convention on Climate Change, UNFCCC

19973
Kyoto Protocol, KP

2012
19905.2%
8%7%6%
10%8%1%1990
8
2555
1990
199055%
90

Kyoto Protocol, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),

http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/items/2830.php.
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Joint Implementation, JI
Clean Development Mechanism, CDMEmission
Trading, ETKyoto Mechanism9
200252355
2004121855%
2005216193
63.7%10
2005
2012

200713
Bali Roadmapcommon
but differentiated responsibilities principle
200915
11
200915193

201016

Ibid.

10

Status of Ratication of the Kyoto Protocol, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/status_of_ratication/items/2613.
php.

11

International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), Summary of the Thirteenth Conference of Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and Third Meeting of
Parties to the Kyoto Protocol, Earth Negotiations Bulletin (New York), Vol. 12, No. 354 (De-

cember 2007), p. 4.
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17

20132020

201218

202020155
2020
201319

201420
2015
2020

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Umbrella Group12
13Group of 7714Alliance of Small Island States, AOSIS15Coalition for Rainforest
Nations, CRN16Least Developed Countries, LDC17

12

13

4
BASIC2009114
4

14

1964
134

15

39437
See Members and Observers, Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS), http://www.sidsnet.
org/aosis/.

16

17

49See
The Criteria for the Identication of the LDCs, UN Office of the High Representative for the
Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing

States (UN-OHRLLS), http://www.un.org/special-rep/ohrlls/ldc/ldc%20criteria.htm.

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European Union Greenhouse Gas Emission Trading Scheme, EU ETS

2012
1998

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18
4

levels of analy-

18

Montreal Protocol, United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), http://www.unep.org/

ozone/pdfs/Montreal-Protocol2000.pdf.
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10

sis
3
international system leveldomestic structure level
individual or decision making level19
structural realism
neo-liberalism

outsidein20

21
constructivism

inside-out 22

19

Hseik-wen Soong, The Implications of Cross-Level-Analysis on International Relations

Theory, 200181116

20

Kenneth Waltz, Realist Thought and Neorealist Theory, Journal of International Affairs, Vol.

21

474

44, No. 1 (Spring 1990), p. 21.

200812175-176
22

Alexander Wendt, Anarchy is What States Make of It: The Social Construction of Power Politics, International Organization, Vol. 46, No. 2 (Spring 1992), pp. 391-425; Peter M. Haas,
Introduction: Epistemic Communities and International Policy Coordination, International

Organization, Vol. 46, No. 1 (Winter 1992), pp. 1-7.

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11

cross-levels analysis23
Robert D. Putnamtwo-level game

24
interdependence theorycomplex interdependence theory

25

international regime

23

172-173

24

Robert D. Putnam, Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games, International Organizations, Vol. 42, No. 3 (Summer 1988), pp. 427-460.

25

Robert O. Keohane & Joseph S. Nye, Power and Interdependence (Boston: Little, Brown,
1977), pp. 3-10; Morton Kaplan, System and Process in International Politics (New York: John

Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1957).

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