2010 SCT Science

Science
2010 School Certificate Test
General Instructions
Total marks 100
Reading time: 10 minutes
Section 1
Working time: 2 hours
Pages 224
Write using black or blue pen
You may use a pencil to draw

or complete diagrams
60 marks
Allow about 1 hour and 10 minutes for
this section
Attempt ALL questions
Calculators may be used
Detach the Stimulus Booklet

provided at the end of this paper
and use it where required
throughout the test
Write your Centre Number and

Student Number at the top of
pages 25, 27, 29 and 31
This section has TWO parts

Part A Questions 150
50 marks
Part B Questions 5160
10 marks
Section 2
Pages 2532
40 marks
Allow about 50 minutes for this section
This section has SEVEN questions
Question 61
7 marks
Question 62
5 marks
Question 63
7 marks
Question 64
5 marks
Question 65
5 marks
Question 66
5 marks
Question 67
6 marks
5020
Section 1
60 marks
Allow about 1 hour and 10 minutes for this section
Part A
Questions 150
50 marks
Use the Section 1 Part A Answer Sheet for Questions 150

Instructions for answering multiple-choice questions

Select the alternative A, B, C or D that best answers the question. Fill in the
response oval completely.
Sample:
2+4=
(A) 2
A
(C) 8
(D) 9
D
If you think you have made a mistake, put a cross through the incorrect
answer and fill in the new answer.
A
(B) 6
If you change your mind and have crossed out what you consider to be the
correct answer, then indicate the correct answer by writing the word correct
and drawing an arrow as follows.
correct
A
Which of the following gases in Earths atmosphere is believed to be a major

contributor towards a greenhouse effect?
(A) Ozone (O3 )
(B) Nitrogen (N2 )
(C) Carbon dioxide (CO2 )
(D) Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)
The diagram is a model of a chemical substance.
What does the model represent?

(A) An atom of a compound
(B) An atom of an element
(C) A molecule of a compound
(D) A molecule of an element
What will happen to the acceleration of an object if the force acting on it is

doubled?
4N
8N
4 kg
4 kg
(A) It will increase.

(B) It will decrease.
(C) It will stay the same.
(D) It will change direction.
Which of the following is an example of a biotechnology?

(A) Using bacteria to produce medicines
(B) Using a microwave oven to cook food
(C) Using a fossil to estimate the age of a rock
(D) Using a telescope to look for life on other planets
Use the graph to answer Questions 57.
The graph shows the relationship between the current and voltage in a circuit.
Current and Voltage in a circuit
1.4
1.2
Voltage (V)
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Current (A)
What was the current when the voltage was 0.4 V?

(A) 0.1 A
(B)
0.2 A
(C) 0.4 A
(D) 0.8 A
6
The resistance of the circuit is given by the following formula.

Resistance =
Voltage
Current
Resistance is measured in units called Ohms.
What is the resistance of the circuit?

(A) 0.5 Ohms
(B)
0.6 Ohms
(C) 1.0 Ohms

(D) 2.0 Ohms
4
What conclusion can be drawn from the graph?

(A) The resistance increases as the current increases.
(B) The resistance decreases as the current increases.
(C) The voltage increases as the current increases.
(D) The voltage decreases as the current increases.
What is the purpose of the conclusion in a scientific investigation?

(A) To explain the reason for doing the investigation
(B) To state an expected outcome of the investigation
(C) To give sources of information to be used in the investigation
(D) To make a statement which shows whether the data collected supports the
hypothesis
Use this information to answer Questions 910.

During a conversation with a neighbouring dairy farmer, Charlie suggested
that brown cows produce more milk than cows of other colours. Charlie
decided to investigate this further by conducting a scientific investigation.
What would a scientist call Charlies suggestion?

(A) An aim
(B) A conclusion
(C) A hypothesis
(D) A method
10
What will be the independent variable and the dependent variable in Charlies
investigation?
Independent variable
Dependent variable
(A)
Amount of milk produced
Colour of cow
(B)
Colour of cow
Type of food
(C)
Colour of cow
(D)
Type of food
11
Which observation made by astronomers supports the Big Bang theory?

(A) Galaxies have stopped moving.
(B)
Galaxies are colliding with each other.
(C) Galaxies are moving towards each other.

(D) Galaxies are moving away from each other.
Use the diagram to answer Questions 1213.

The diagram represents an electrical circuit.
Key
1
Voltage supply
Wire
Light globe
5
2
3
12
Which globes in the electrical circuit are connected in parallel?

(A) 1 and 2
(B)
2 and 4
(C) 3 and 4
(D) 1 and 5
13
Which other globe would stop working if globe number 3 burnt out?
(A) 1
(B)
(C) 4
(D) 5
14
Where in the human body does a fertilised egg implant?

(A) Testes
(B)
Urethra
(C) Uterus
(D) Vagina
6
15
The diagram shows a ray of light passing through a semicircular piece of glass.
X
P
Light ray
Y
Ray
box
At point P two light rays are produced, X and Y.

What are the processes that produce ray X and ray Y?
16
Process that produces ray X
Process that produces ray Y
(A)
Absorption
Reflection
(B)
Reflection
Refraction
(C)
Refraction
Absorption
(D)
Refraction
Reflection
Using light to transmit information through fibre-optic cables is an example of

(A) renewable energy.
(B)
nuclear technology.
(C) electromagnetic absorption.

(D) communications technology.
17
In normal light, a blue shirt appears blue.

What properties of light account for the appearance of the shirt?
(A) Absorption and refraction only
(B) Reflection and absorption only
(C) Refraction and reflection only
(D) Refraction, reflection and absorption
18
Which of the following lists contains ONLY forms of electromagnetic radiation?

(A) Infrared, sound, ultraviolet
(B) Sound, x-rays, gamma rays
(C) Infrared, seismic, microwaves
(D) Gamma rays, ultraviolet, x-rays
19
A class had to test the effect of temperature on the speed with which a chemical
reacts with bread.
They were given a set of beakers with solutions of equal concentration of the
chemical to choose from.
Beaker 1
20C
Beaker 2
40C
Beaker 3
40C
Beaker 4
60C
Beaker 5
60C
Solution
of chemical
Bread
crumbs
Bread
pieces
Which combination of beakers should they use to ensure it was a fair test?
(A) Beakers 1, 2 and 5
(B) Beakers 3, 4 and 5
(C) Beakers 1, 2 and 4
(D) Beakers 1, 3 and 4

Human cells usually contain 46 chromosomes. During cell division genetic
information is passed from parent cell to daughter cell. The diagram models one type
of cell division.
Chromosomes
Parent cell
Chromosomes are copied
Two daughter cells
Four daughter cells
20
In humans this type of cell division results in

(A) cells that contain 46 chromosomes.
(B)
cells that contain 23 chromosomes.
(C) two daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell.
(D) four daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell.
21
Which cells can be produced from this type of cell division?

(A) Bone
(B)
Nerve
(C) Sex
(D) Skin
The diagrams show the sequence of rock layers in four samples obtained from the
same region.
Key
Shale
Conglomerate
Sandstone
Mudstone
Siltstone
Sample
1
22
Sample
2
Sample
3
Sample
4
What percentage of Sample 2 is made up of mudstone?

(A) 40%
(B) 50%
(C) 54%
(D) 60%
23
What rock is most likely to be found immediately above the sandstone in

Sample 2?
(A) Conglomerate
(B) Mudstone
(C) Shale
(D) Siltstone
24
Which sample contains the oldest rock?

(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
10
25
Which of the following causes movement of Earths tectonic plates?

(A) Convection currents in the mantle
(B) Waves travelling through the mantle
(C) Expansion and contraction of Earths crust
(D) Earthquakes and faults occurring in the crust
26
Which of the following is most likely to occur as a result of two tectonic plates
sliding past each other horizontally?
(A) Convection currents
(B) Cyclones
(C) Earthquakes
(D) Volcanic eruption
27
The diagrams represent different stages in the formation of a type of fossil. The
stages are not drawn in the correct sequence.
Dead animal
Animal rots
shell dissolves
Minerals fill
cavity
Dead animal
buried
Water
surface
Sea floor
Which is the correct sequence of these stages?

(A) P R Q S
(B) P S Q R
(C) P S R Q
(D) P R S Q
11

Turbidity is a measure of the cloudiness of a body of water.
As turbidity increases, the amount of sunlight that is able to
penetrate the water decreases. Plants living below the water
surface need sunlight for photosynthesis.
28
What type of feature is turbidity?

(A) Abiotic
(B) Biological
(C) Biotic
(D) Natural
Which graph best shows the relationship between turbidity and the rate of
photosynthesis in plants living below the water surface?
Rate of
photosynthesis
(B)
Rate of
photosynthesis
(A)
Turbidity
(D)
Rate of
photosynthesis
(C)
Turbidity
Rate of
photosynthesis
29
Turbidity
Turbidity
12
The graph represents a journey that Paul took in his car.

Pauls Journey
175
Distance from
starting point (km)
150
125
100
75
50
25
0
0
30
2
3
4
Time (hours)
How far did Paul travel in the first three hours?

(A) 0 km
(B)
25 km
(C) 50 km
(D) 150 km
13
Distance
Distance
The graphs represent four different journeys made by a trolley.
Distance
Time
Distance
Time
Time
31
Time
Which graph represents the trolley travelling at the fastest speed?

(A) W
(B)
(C) Y
(D) Z
32
Which graph represents the trolley being stationary?

(A) W
(B)
(C) Y
(D) Z
14
33
Which of the following describes the way a body responds to infectious diseases?
(A) Cells divide to replace damaged cells.
(B) Chemicals known as hormones are released into the bloodstream from
glands.
(C) Specialised cells filter out disease-causing microorganisms.
(D) White blood cells engulf and digest invading microorganisms.
34
What term describes the amount of matter in an object?

(A) Gravity
(B) Force
(C) Mass
(D) Weight
35
The table shows the number of protons and neutrons in four atoms, W, X, Y
and Z.
Atom
Number of protons Number of neutrons
Which of the following correctly identifies atoms that are from different
elements, and the evidence for this?
These atoms are from
different elements
Evidence
(A)
W and X
neutrons
(B)
Y and Z
protons
(C)
W and Y
neutrons
(D)
X and Z
protons
15
36
During the electrolysis of water the gases hydrogen and oxygen are produced.
The equation for this reaction is shown.
2H2O 2H2 + O2
What type of reaction is this?
(A) Oxidation
(B) Combustion
(C) Neutralisation
(D) Decomposition
37
A neutralisation reaction will produce a salt and what other substance?

(A) A base
(B) Hydrogen
(C) Oxygen
(D) Water
Use Source A in the Stimulus Booklet to answer Questions 3839.

38
Why is coal gasification known as clean coal technology?

(A) The coal is washed before it is used.
(B) The process produces more electricity.
(C) The products of burning coal are not directly released into the environment.
(D) There are no gas emissions from the process being released into the
environment.
39
Coal-fired power stations are often located near lakes.

Which of the following is the most important reason for building coal-fired
power stations near a water source?
(A) Water is needed to cool steam.
(B) Water from the lake drives the generator.
(C) The power station releases pollutants into the lake.
(D) Water from the lake is used to put out fires in the power station.
16
40
What does the data in Table 1, Source B of the Stimulus Booklet show?
(A) The number of cases of Type 1 diabetes steadily increased.
(B) The number of cases of Type 2 diabetes decreased.
(C) The number of cases of Type 2 diabetes increased.
(D) The number of other cases remained constant.
41
Aspartame is used as an artificial sweetener in food. It is claimed to be

approximately 200 times sweeter than sugar.
Why is it difficult to test this claim about the sweetness of aspartame?
(A) It is not safe to taste aspartame.
(B) Some people do not like sweet foods.
(C) It is not ethical to experiment on people.
(D) People respond differently to levels of sweetness.
42
The molecular formula for aspartame is C14H18N2O5 .

What does this formula tell us about one molecule of aspartame?
(A) It is made up of 39 atoms.
(B) It is made up of four atoms.
(C) It is made up of four compounds.
(D) It contains more nitrogen atoms than oxygen atoms.
17
A survey found that in one town, half of the population had diabetes.
Of those who had diabetes, 14% had Type 1 diabetes, 80% had Type 2 diabetes
and 6% did not know what type of diabetes they had.
Which graph correctly shows the information for the WHOLE town?
(A)
(B)
50
(C)
Percentage of
town population
Percentage of
town population
100
(D)
Percentage of
town population
50
100
50
Type of diabetes
100
Percentage of
town population
43
100
50
Type of diabetes
Type of diabetes
Type of diabetes
Key
No diabetes
Type 2
Type 1
18
Other
A precipitation reaction occurs when two substances that are dissolved in water react
and form a substance that does not dissolve in water. This substance is called a
precipitate.
The table shows which dissolved substances form a precipitate when combined. These
substances exist as dissolved ions.
Chloride
Hydroxide
Nitrate
Carbonate
Sodium
Magnesium
Calcium
Lead
Silver
Key X No precipitate
44
P Precipitate formed
Which of the following substances does NOT dissolve in water?

(A) Lead nitrate
(B)
Magnesium hydroxide
(C) Silver carbonate

(D) Sodium chloride
45
What is the chemical formula of calcium carbonate?

(A) CCO3
(B)
CaCO3
(C) Ca3CO
(D) CaCO2
19
Use Source C in the Stimulus Booklet to answer Questions 4648.

46
From the information in Table 1 of Source C, which statement about plastics

is correct?
(A) The plastics in toys have a high melting point and weak bonds.
(B) The plastics in lunch boxes have a low melting point and strong bonds.
(C) The plastics in kitchen bench tops have a high melting point and strong
bonds.
(D) The plastics in toys and electrical switches have the same type of bonds.
47
Which TWO types of plastics contribute most to household waste?

(A) LDPE and Other
(B) LDPE and PVC
(C) PETE and PVC
(D) PVC and Other
48
What is the approximate percentage of household waste made up of clingwrap,

grocery bags and sandwich bags?
(A) 5%
(B) 10%
(C) 20%
(D) 45%
Use Source D in the Stimulus Booklet to answer Questions 4950.

49
What is the effect of the telomerase gene?

(A) It stops the cell from dividing.
(B) It causes the telomeres to be rebuilt.
(C) It prevents the chromosomes from replicating.
(D) It reduces the risk of cells becoming cancerous.
50
In 2005, what was the proportion of 69-year-old males with cancer in the
population?
(A) 1500
(B) 1500 per 100 000
(C) 2000
(D) 2000 per 100 000
20
Section 1 (continued)
Part B
Questions 5160
10 marks
Use the Section 1 Part B Answer Sheet for Questions 5160

Instructions for answering Questions 5160

Write firmly and clearly.
Use BLOCK LETTERS for words.

Like this:
NOT like this:
A L P H A B E T
a
p h a b e
Numbers must be used for numerical answers.
Decimal points and negative signs must be clearly shown in separate boxes.
Do NOT let any part of the letter or number touch the sides of the answer
boxes.
Examples:
7 2 =
How many days are in a week?
What is the fifth month?
M A Y
If you make a mistake, cross out the incorrect answer and write the correct
answer above the boxes.
M A Y
Like this:
J U N E
21
51
What is the reading on the thermometer scale shown?

C
40
30
52
What element has the chemical symbol He?
53
Blue litmus paper turns red when placed in an acid. Red litmus paper turns blue
when placed in a base.
What do we call chemicals like litmus paper?
54
In which part of the female human reproductive system does the process shown
below usually occur?
Sperm
Egg (ovum)
Fertilised egg
55
What is the name of the structure on which information is transferred as DNA

when cells reproduce themselves?
22
56
The diagram represents a sound wave travelling through air.
Movement of
air molecules
Movement
of sound
How many complete wavelengths are shown between points X and Y?
57
According to the graph in Source D in the Stimulus Booklet, at what age is the
number of cancer cases among men (per 100 000 people) the same as it is among
women?
58
What is contamination of the environment by unwanted substances such as

plastics known as?
59
What component of an electric circuit is represented by this symbol?

A
60
Name the part of the atom that contains protons and neutrons.
23
BLANK PAGE
24
Board of Studies NSW 2010
5021
5020
8329310040
Science
Centre Number
Section 2
Student Number
40 marks
Allow about 50 minutes for this section
Questions 6167
40 marks
Answer the questions in the spaces provided. These spaces provide guidance for the
expected length of response.
Question 61 (7 marks)
Refer to Source A in the Stimulus Booklet.
(a) Construct a table that shows the materials that are required and the
products that are produced in both a coal-fired power station and a clean
coal power station.
Question 61 continues on page 26

25
3146310042
Question 61 (continued)
(b) How can the use of clean coal technology benefit the environment?
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End of Question 61
26
5022
5020
8432310089
Science
Centre Number
Student Number
Refer to Source B in the Stimulus Booklet.
(a)
How do genes and environmental factors contribute to a person

developing Type 2 diabetes?
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
(b)
Explain how aspects of scientific method can be used by scientists to

increase our understanding of diseases like Type 2 diabetes.
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27
5391310080
(a)
Refer to Source C in the Stimulus Booklet to answer this question.

(i)
Why are saucepan handles made from thermosetting plastic?
...................................................................................................................
(ii)
A biopolymer is a plastic that is biodegradable. This means that it

can be broken down by organisms living in the soil.
Identify an advantage and a disadvantage of using biopolymers.

...................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................
(b)
A biopolymer has been developed that can be used to make plastic

shopping bags. The manufacturer has made the following claim:
Not only is our product better for the environment, but it is twice as
strong as current plastic bags!
Describe an experimental method that could be used to test the
manufacturers claim about the strength of the bag.
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28
5023
5020
7046310090
Science
Centre Number
Student Number
Refer to Source D in the Stimulus Booklet.
(a)
Outline ONE similarity and ONE difference in the data shown in cancer
cases among males and females.
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
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...............................................................................................................................
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(b)
Explain why scientific research, such as Professor Elizabeth Blackburns,

is of benefit to our society.
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29
1445310097
The diagrams represent models that were used at different times in the past to
describe features of atoms.
Electrons
Positively
charged
pudding
John Daltons
Model (1803)
JJ Thomsons
Model (1904)
(a) Suggest a reason why models change over time.
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
(b) Outline the limitations of using models in science.
...............................................................................................................................
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...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
(c)
Draw a labelled diagram of a model that we use now to represent atomic

structure.
30
5024
5020
2612310106
Science
Centre Number
Student Number
A science class performed an experiment as shown in the diagram to
investigate the reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and magnesium.
Delivery tube
(a)
Measuring cylinder
Dilute
hydrochloric
acid
Trough
Magnesium
Water
Explain ONE safety procedure that the students would need to follow
when carrying out this experiment.
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
(b)
During the reaction, a gas is produced.
What are TWO other observations the students could make during this
experiment?
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
(c)
Name the gas that would be produced if the experiment were repeated
using magnesium carbonate instead of magnesium.
...............................................................................................................................
31
7660310104
Scientific research and its applications have many implications for society and
the environment.
Some examples of scientific research are:
Stem cell research
Nuclear energy and the atomic bomb
The use of pesticides
Genetically modified organisms
The use of microwaves in ovens and mobile phones.
Describe the beneficial and harmful impacts of an area of scientific research
and its application.
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End of test
32
Science
Stimulus Booklet
Detach this Stimulus Booklet and use it where required during the test.
Source A Clean Coal Technology
Coal produces the most pollution of all fossil fuels when burned. In a coal-fired power
station, coal is burned to make steam that drives a generator. New technologies are being
developed to reduce the impact of coal-fired power stations on the environment. These are
known as clean coal technologies.
Clean coal technology produces fuels for transport and industry. Excess steam produced in
clean coal power stations is used to generate electricity. The exhaust gases produced from
clean coal power stations do not contain carbon dioxide, sulfur, mercury or soot.
Figure 1 Coal-fired Power Station
Key
1 Washed coal is burnt in air
to boil water to make steam
2
Exhaust
gases
2 Steam drives generator to

produce electricity
Electricity
1
Steam
Steam cooled
to form water
Coal
Water inlet
from lake
Heat
Air
Cooling tower
Burning coal
Figure 2 Clean coal Power Station

3
Syngas
Gasifier
Oxygen
Coal
Electricity
2
Electricity
Cooling &
cleaning
Condenser
Water
5025
Cleaner exhaust gas
Key
1 Washed coal is burnt to
produce syngas
2 Syngas is burnt in a
combustor
3 Hot gas drives generator
to produce electricity
4 Hot gas boils water
5 Excess steam drives
generator to produce
electricity
Source B Diabetes: A Sign of the Times?
Awaiting copyright
Source C Plastics
Plastics are synthetic substances that are made from the products of crude oil. They are
composed of small molecules called monomers that join together to form long chains called
polymers. There are two different kinds of plastics: thermosetting and thermoplastic.
Table 1
Thermosetting plastic
Thermoplastic plastic
Melting point
High
Low
Structure
Many long chains with strong Many long chains with weak
bonds holding them together
bonds holding them together
Uses
Electrical switches, heat resistant Toys, bottles, lunch boxes, bins,

handles, kitchen bench tops
plastic bags
Unlike cardboard and waste paper, most plastics do not decompose with time. More than
98% of Australian households are now recycling some of their plastic products. Different
plastics are assigned different numbers for recycling.
Table 2
Plastic
Uses
PVC
Pipes, shower curtains, plastic raincoats
PETE
Plastic bottles, medicine containers
LDPE
Cling wrap, grocery bags, sandwich bags
OTHER
Containers for laundry detergents, cups
The sector graphs show the proportion of each of the different classes of plastics that make
up household waste and what happens to waste plastic.
Plastics in household waste
What happens to waste plastics
KEY
KEY
PVC
Landfill
PETE
Incineration
LDPE
Recycle
Other
Source D Telomeres Chromosome Protectors
Awaiting copyright

2010 SCT Science

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Science

2010 School Certificate Test

Total marks 100

Reading time: 10 minutes

Working time: 2 hours

Write using black or blue pen

You may use a pencil to draw

Attempt ALL questions

Calculators may be used

Detach the Stimulus Booklet

Write your Centre Number and

This section has TWO parts

Use the Section 1 Part A Answer Sheet for Questions 150

Which of the following gases in Earths atmosphere is believed to be a major

The diagram is a model of a chemical substance.

What does the model represent?

What will happen to the acceleration of an object if the force acting on it is

(A) It will increase.

Which of the following is an example of a biotechnology?

Use the graph to answer Questions 57.

Current and Voltage in a circuit

What was the current when the voltage was 0.4 V?

The resistance of the circuit is given by the following formula.

Resistance is measured in units called Ohms.

What is the resistance of the circuit?

(C) 1.0 Ohms

What conclusion can be drawn from the graph?

What is the purpose of the conclusion in a scientific investigation?

Use this information to answer Questions 910.

What would a scientist call Charlies suggestion?

Amount of milk produced

Amount of milk produced

Amount of milk produced

Which observation made by astronomers supports the Big Bang theory?

Galaxies are colliding with each other.

(C) Galaxies are moving towards each other.

Use the diagram to answer Questions 1213.

Which globes in the electrical circuit are connected in parallel?

Where in the human body does a fertilised egg implant?

At point P two light rays are produced, X and Y.

Process that produces ray X

Process that produces ray Y

Using light to transmit information through fibre-optic cables is an example of

(C) electromagnetic absorption.

In normal light, a blue shirt appears blue.

Which of the following lists contains ONLY forms of electromagnetic radiation?

Use this information to answer Questions 2021.

Chromosomes are copied

Two daughter cells

Four daughter cells

In humans this type of cell division results in

cells that contain 23 chromosomes.

Which cells can be produced from this type of cell division?

Use this information to answer Questions 2224.

What percentage of Sample 2 is made up of mudstone?

What rock is most likely to be found immediately above the sandstone in

Which sample contains the oldest rock?

Which of the following causes movement of Earths tectonic plates?

Which is the correct sequence of these stages?

Use this information to answer Questions 2829.

What type of feature is turbidity?

The graph represents a journey that Paul took in his car.