PROTECTIVE

TANK LININGS - RESISTANCE GUIDE

STORAGE TANKS

Resistance Guide for

HEMPADUR 15400
HEMPADUR 35760
HEMPADUR 85671
HEMPELS GALVOSIL 15700
HEMPELS VINYL ESTER GF 35910

Spray application

Tank interior

Tank bottom rehabilitation

Issued by Group Marketing : 24.11.08

Author : Mads Juhl

HEMPEL

PROTECTIVE
TANK LININGS - RESISTANCE GUIDE
PAINTING SPECIFICATIONS AND TEMPERATURE LIMITS

STORAGE TANKS

This resistance guide for Tank Linings covers following types of specifications to be used as internal linings
in storage tanks:
1) CHEMICAL RESISTANCE EPOXY SYSTEMS for fuels and gasoline. The specification is based on high chemical and
water resistant epoxy resins. High durability with extensive proven track record.
Acceptable temperature: For aqueous cargoes the maximum temperature for storage is 50C/122F.
Non-aqueous cargos - the maximum temperature for storage is 65C/149F.
Loading and discharging - short term - max 85C/185C
Recommended specification as per following:
3 x 80 micron HEMPADUR 15400
If a blast/holding primer is required HEMPADUR 15590 will be specified
2) HIGH CHEMICAL RESISTANCE EPOXY SYSTEMS for fuels, gasoline, additives, and a wide range of chemicals:
The specification is based on special high chemical resistant phenolic epoxies and offer the widest possible
chemical resistance among the epoxy linings.
Acceptable temperature: For aqueous cargoes the maximum temperature for storage is 50C/122F.
Non-aqueous cargos - the maximum temperature for storage is 90C/194F.
Loading and discharging - short term - max 100C/212C
Recommended specification as per following:
3 x 100 micron HEMPADUR 85671
If a blast/holding primer is required HEMPADUR 85671 will be specified
3) SOLVENT FREE - HIGH CHEMICAL RESISTANCE EPOXY PHENOLIC SYSTEM for petroleum- and bio-fuels, gasoline, additives, and a wide range of chemicals.
Acceptable temperature: For aqueous cargoes the maximum temperature for storage is 45C/113F.
Non-aqueous cargos - the maximum temperature for storage is 65C/149F.
Loading and discharging - short term - max 85C/185C
Recommended specification as per following:
2 x 250 micron HEMPADUR 35760
If a blast/holding primer is required HEMPADUR 15590 or HEMPADUR 85671 will be specified.
4) SPECIAL ZINC SILICATE SYSTEMS for a wide range of fuels and chemicals. Especially suited for storage of strong
organic solvent. The specification is based on inorganic ethyl silicate which provide the toughest base for a zinc lining.
Acceptable temperature: For aqueous cargoes the maximum temperature for storage is 45C/113F.
Non-aqueous cargos - the maximum temperature for storage is 90C/194F.
Loading and discharging - short term - max 90C/194C
Recommended specification as per following:
1 x 100 micron HEMPELS GALVOSIL 15700
Use of blast/holding primer will not be possible with such system.
5) SPECIAL VINYL-ESTER SYSTEM for a wide range of liquids including organic and inorganic acids. The film thickness
and application details will be tailored to each individual project.
Recommended specifications will be based on HEMPELS VINYL ESTER GF 35910 - dry film thickness and
number of coatings will be specified on a case to case basis.

Spray application

Tank interior

Tank bottom rehabilitation

Issued by Group Marketing : 24.11.08

Author : Mads Juhl

HEMPEL

PROTECTIVE
TANK LININGS - RESISTANCE GUIDE

STORAGE TANKS

THE KEY TO READ THE RESISTANCE GUIDE

A field marked with a plus (+) means that the lining is resistant against the cargo in its normal form at ambient temperatures.
If a max. temperature is mentioned then this will be the maximum temperature at which the coating is resistant for long time exposure.
If a letter is mentioned it is necessary to read and follow the corresponding notes below.
The grey areas means that it is not recommended to store the mentioned cargo in a tank coated with the coresponding lining.

SPECIFIC NOTES

Note A:
Hydrolysable and acid containing substances.
Cargoes such as esters, anhydrides and halogenated compounds tend to hydrolyse in the presence of water and form organic and
inorganic acids. Other cargoes, such as crude methanol or fermentation ethyl alcohol may contain acidic impurities. These acids can
damage the Zinc silicate lining. The cargo can be stored in a zinc silicate lined tank provided:
- The tank is completely dry before loading.
- These substances contain less than 0.02% (200 ppm) water and their acid value is below 1 for acceptance
- Water contamination during tank operations and storage is to be avoided.

Note B:
Ether-alcohols and polyalcohols:
These cargoes may contain impurities and may also oxidise to form acidic products. The cargo can be stored in a Zinc Silicate coated
tanks provided the cargo contain less than 0.3% (3000 ppm) water and has an acid value of 0.1 or less.

Note C:
Crude oils and certain derivatives:
These products may contain acidic compounds, organics as well as inorganic. The cargo can be stored in a Zinc Silicate coated tank
provided the cargo has an acid value of 0.4 or less and the pH of water concentrations at time of storage is above 6.

Note D:
Fats, oils and derivatives:
Animal or vegetable fats, oils and derivatives usually contain a certain amount of free fatty acids (FFA). At elevated temperatures or in
presence of water the formation of FFA is accelerated, especially when the initial concentration of FFA is high.
The cargo can be stored in the epoxy coated tanks provided no mineral acid is present, the acid value is below 20 (corresponding in
most cases to a free fatty acid content below 10%) and the water content is lower than 1 % (10,000 ppm).

Note E:
Zinc pick-up by sensitive cargoes:
The lining is resistant to the cargo, but contamination of the cargo by metallic zinc may occur. The possible negative effect of zinc pickup must be taken into consideration.

Spray application

Tank interior

Tank bottom rehabilitation

Issued by Group Marketing : 24.11.08

Author : Mads Juhl

HEMPEL

PROTECTIVE
TANK LININGS - RESISTANCE GUIDE

STORAGE TANKS

HEMPADUR HEMPADUR
15400
85671

HEMPADUR
35760

HEMPELS
GALVOSIL
15700

HEMPELS
VINYL
ESTER GF
35910

3 x 80 m

3 x 100 m

2 x 250 m

1 x 100 m

to be specified

Gasoline, Diesel-, Jet-, and Bio fuel:

Bio-Diesel oil

B5

(5% Bio-Diesel)

+E

not tested

Bio-Diesel oil

B20

(20% Bio-Diesel)

+E

not tested

Bio-Diesel oil

B100

ASTM D 6751

+E

not tested

Bio-Diesel oil

FAME

(Fatty Acid Methyl Ether) EN14214

+E

not tested

Bio-Gasoline

Bio95

(5% bio-ethanol)

max 50C/122F

Bio-Gasoline

E85

ASTM D 5798

not tested

Bio-Gasoline

M85

(up to 85% bio-methanol)

not tested

Diesel oil

Gasoline, automotive containing less than 10 % oxygenates

Gasoline, automotive, containing more than 10 % oxygenates

Gasoline, aviation

+E

Pyrolysis Gasoline (Pygas) containing less than 20 % Benzene

not tested

not tested

Pyrolysis Gasoline (Pygas) containing more than 20 % Benzene

Jet fuel, A

+E

Jet fuel, A-1

+E

Jet fuel B

+E

Oxygenates for Gasoline, Diesel-, and Bio-fuel

Acetone

C 3 H6 O

Bio-Ethanol

EN15376

+ max 35C/95F

max 38C/100F

Bio-Ethanol

ASTM D 4806

+ max 35C/95F

max 38C/100F

max 50C/122F

Bio-Methanol
Ethanol

(>95%)

ETBE

C 2 H6 O
Ethyl tert-butyl ether

Ethyl acetate

+ max 35C/95F

+A, max 43C/109F

max 38C/100F

not tested

+A, max 43C/109F

max 20C/68F

+A, max 43C/109F

max 50C/122F

C4H8O2

Methanol

CH4O

MTBE

Methyl tert-butyl ether

not tested

TAME

Tert Amyl Methyl ether

not tested

Spray application

Tank interior

Tank bottom rehabilitation

Issued by Group Marketing : 24.11.08

Author : Mads Juhl

HEMPEL

PROTECTIVE
TANK LININGS - RESISTANCE GUIDE

STORAGE TANKS

HEMPADUR HEMPADUR
15400
85671

HEMPADUR
35760

HEMPELS
GALVOSIL
15700

HEMPELS
VINYL
ESTER GF
35910

3 x 80 m

3 x 100 m

2 x 250 m

1 x 100 m

to be specified

Crude oil:

+C

max 38C/100F

Crude oil /water mixtures

+ max 45C

+C

max 38C/100F

Clarified crude oils:

+C

Distillates, straight run (kerosene)

+E

Fuel oil Light

Fuel oil no. 1 (kerosene, Destillate no. 1)

Fuel oil no. 2 (Diesel oil, Destillate no. 2,Bunker A)

Fuel oil no. 4 (mix of destillate and residual oils)

+C

Fuel oil no. 5 (Residual fuel oil, Bunker B)

+C

Fuel oil no. 6 (Heavy fuel oil, Residual fuel oil, Bunker C)

+C

Gas oil

+C

not tested

Lubricating oils and blending stocks, mineral oil based

Mineral oil

+C

Mixtures containing Crude oil:

+C

Naphta, heartcut distillate oil

not tested

Naphta, heavy

not tested

Naphta, petroleum

not tested

Crude-, Fuel oil and other refinery products:

Naphta, sour
Naphta, sweet

not tested
not tested

Aromates
Benzene

C 6 H6

Cumene(isopropylbenzene)

C9H12

Ethyl benzene

C8H10

Styrene monomer

C8H8

Toluene

C7H8

C9H6O2N2

not tested

Toluene diisocyanate

C8H10

Xylenes

Spray application

Tank interior

Tank bottom rehabilitation

Issued by Group Marketing : 24.11.08

Author : Mads Juhl

HEMPEL

PROTECTIVE
TANK LININGS - RESISTANCE GUIDE

STORAGE TANKS

HEMPADUR HEMPADUR
15400
85671

3 x 80 m

3 x 100 m

HEMPADUR
35760

HEMPELS
GALVOSIL
15700

HEMPELS
VINYL
ESTER GF
35910

2 x 250 m

1 x 100 m

to be specified

Organic Acids:
Acetic acid

(<25%) C2H4O2

Acetic acid

100% Glacial C2H4O2

max 38C/100F

Formic Acid

(<10%) CH2O2

Formic Acid

(>10%) CH2O2

Benzoic acid

saturated C7H6O2

Other Organic Chemicals:

Acetonitrile

C2H3N

not tested

Acetophenone

C8H8O

not tested

Acrylonitrile

C3H3N

not tested

Allyl alcohol

C3H6O

tert-Amyl alcohol

C5H12O

not tested

n-Butanol

C4H10O

max 50C/122F

Chlorobenzene

C6H5Cl

not tested

+A, max 43C/109F

Chloroform

CHCl3

not tested

+A, max 43C/109F

Cyclohexane

C6H12

Dichloromethane

CH2Cl2

not tested

+A, max 43C/109F

Diethyl ether

C4H10O

not tested

Diethylene glycol

C4H10O3

not tested

+B

Dioxane
Epichlorohydrin

max 38C/100F

C4H8O2

not tested

C3H5OCl

not tested

+A, max 43C/109F

Ethylene dichloride

C2H4Cl2

not tested

+A, max 43C/109F

Ethylene glycol

C2H6O2

not tested

+B

Furfural

C5H4O2

not tested

+A

Glycerine

C3H8O3

not tested

+B

Isobutyl alcohol

C4H4O

max 49C/120F

not tested
not tested

Isoprene

C5H8

Methyl acrylate

C4H6O2

not tested

+A, max 43C/109F

Methyl ethyl ketone

C 4 H8 O

not tested

Methyl formate

C2H4O2

not tested

+A, max 43C/109F

Spray application

Tank interior

max 27C/81F

not tested

Tank bottom rehabilitation

Issued by Group Marketing : 24.11.08

Author : Mads Juhl

HEMPEL

PROTECTIVE
TANK LININGS - RESISTANCE GUIDE

STORAGE TANKS

HEMPADUR HEMPADUR
15400
85671

3 x 80 m

3 x 100 m

HEMPADUR
35760

HEMPELS
GALVOSIL
15700

HEMPELS
VINYL
ESTER GF
35910

2 x 250 m

1 x 100 m

to be specified

Nitrobenzene

C6H5O2N

not tested

+A, max 43C/109F

max 38C/100F

Nitrotoluene

C7H7O2N

not tested

+A, max 43C/109F

not tested

Octanol

C8H18O

not tested

not tested

Pentane

C5H12

not tested

not tested

n-Propanol

C3H8O

not tested

not tested

Tetrachloroethane

C2H2Cl4

not tested

+A, max 43C/109F

Tetrahydrofuran

C4H8O

not tested

Trichloroethylene

C2HCl3

not tested

+A, max 43C/109F

Triethylene glycol

C6H14O4

not tested

+C

not tested

CH4ON2 (sol)

Urea solution

not tested

+
max 65C/140C(50%)

Inorganics
Ammonia aqueous (less than 28%) NH3(sol)

not tested

not tested

Hydrochloric Acid

HCl

Hydrocyanic Acid

HCN

(<25%) H2SO4

Sulfuric Acid

+ special procedure
to be followed

Sodium Hydroxide

(<3%) NaOH

Sodium Hydroxide

(>50%) NaOH

Sodium Hydroxide

(3-30%) NaOH

Carbon disulfide

CS2

Carbon tetrachloride

CCl4

+A, max 43C/109F

Vegetable oils, Foodstuffs

Rapeseed oil

+D

Olive oil

+D

Molasses

+D

+D

+D

+D

+ max 50C/122F

not tested

not tested

Soya been oil (containing less than 0.5 % free fatty acids)

+D

+D

not tested

Tallow (containing less than 15 % free fatty acids)

+D

+D

not tested

Spray application

Tank interior

not tested

Tank bottom rehabilitation

Issued by Group Marketing : 24.11.08

Author : Mads Juhl

HEMPEL