Anatomy &

Physiology of the
eye , a Review
Dr. Chin Kel Vin ,
Department of Ophthalmology ,
Hospital Queen Elizabeth.

Anatomy of the eye

Can be divided into 2 segments :a)
Anterior segment in front of lens.
b)
Posterior segment behind the lens.
There are grossly 3 layers of specialized tissues in the posterior
segment :a)
Sclera outermost layer
b)
Choroid intermediate layer
c)
Retina innermost layer
There are 6 muscles controlling the extraocular movement :a)
Superior rectus , Medial rectus , Inferior rectus , Inferior
Oblique (CN3)
b)
Superior Oblique (CN4)
c)
Lateral Rectus (CN6)

Vitreous Body
-

fills the eyeball behind the lens.

Occupies about 4/5 of the eyeball and lies between the lens and
the retina.

Consist of a colorless , transparent gel which is 98% water.

It has a refractive index of 1.33 which is nearly the same as that

of aqueous humour.

Functions :
1) transmit light.
2) contributes to the dioptric power of the eye.
3) supports the posterior part of the lens

Retina
-

Is a highly specialized sensory tissue that forms as direct

extension of the central nervous system in embryologic
development.

Divided into 2 different layers :1)Outer retinal pigment epithelium

2) Inner neurosensory layer

- functions to convert light energy into a complex series of impulses

that the brain perceives as vision.