SITAMROSES its Gender Health Resource Centre Hie NEWS LETTER Gener Heath Resource Centre (one) Sree) Lee DearReaders, Contributors: IHR Staff : + Monika Choudhary + Vidya Bhushan Tripathi + Snigdha Pareek + Priyanka Sharma ‘+ Matadin Sharma Students: + Articles : + Neha Raisane + Jasleen Kaur + Soumya Vyas + Roopali Raghav + Neeru Gandhi + Bhagyashree Maheshwari + Kush Dua + Atul Gautam + Jasmeen Bawa + Ramandeep Kaur Greetings! ‘On the eve of the barbarous incident of gang-rape and subsequent death of the so-far anonymous 23-year-old physiotherapist (girl student), named by media as Nirbhaya and Damini,on the 16% December last year has shaken ‘our moral foundations.She was an example of women empowerment where her family had dreamt toattain the right to good education for their girl child, encouraged her’ to create an identity of her own and allowed her the financial freedom. This incident has been watershed in many ways; it has become a part of public consciousness and has given a much needed wakeup call to the collective national conscience. We cannot bring her back but her sad demise will not go in vain and surely it has been shown in the past year. A leaderless protest and social movement on the roads in almost all the cities was heartening, It was thought provoking and it actually helped to shape a shift in societal attitudes. Women decided that it was time to stop apologizing for their self and to speak out and demand justice; decent men decided that it was time to collectively apologize for the existing chauvinism and inherentinequality of society. ‘Asa tribute to Nirbhaya, the government bestowed the Rani Laxmi Bai Stree Shakti award to ‘spirit of Nirbhaya', a pseudonym given to her on the International Women's Day by Presidentof India. ‘The true tribute is if we answer the following questions in affirmative, Have the cities streets and workplaces become safer for women? Do women now enjoy greater freedom and protection? Do men now respect women more? Alot still needs to be done to make women fee! sae in the country.as there hhas been little progress made in addressing the attitudes that legitimize violence and discrimination against women. For us,it is nota matter of only providing @ safe environment to women and girls. No government can provide security to each and every woman. It is more important to work towards creating a mindset among our children and family members to respect women and being sensitive and tolerant towards them. We pledge + Visuals : + Babandeep Kaur + Sakshi Kushwaha + Diwanshu Sharma + Meenakshi + Kalpana, + Bhagyashree Maheshwari + Devendra Raghav Editor: Nutan P Jain, you that we must do everything that such an incident never happens again SRR and remove all negative perceptions against women. Amen! aumitra, “Icis impossible to think about the welfare of the world unless the condition Pree ‘of women is improved” ---SwamiVivekananda S.D. GuptaRajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls or SABLA, merging the erstwhile Kishori Shakti Yojana and Nutrition Programme for Adolescent Girls schemes has been formulated to address the multidimensional problems of adolescent girls. The SABLA scheme has been implemented across the 10 districts of Rajasthan, namely Banswara, Barmer, Bhilwara, Bikaner, Dungarpur, and Udaipur In order to implement this objective of the scheme UNFPA Rajasthan is collaborating with the Directorate of Women Empowerment (DWE).After two years of launching the scheme in Rajasthan, the SABLA guidelines have been developed by Directorate of Women Empowerment and UNFPA. It was found necessary to build capacity of the SABLA functionaries and therefore, UNFPA supported 3-day training programme, was designed and implemented by HMR, Jaipur during January 8-17, 2014 in two batches. The objectives of the training were to: © Clarify various components of the scheme for reaching out to school going and non-school going adolescent girls. © Improve knowledge of nutrition, sexual and reproductive health and rights. *© Link those above 16 years ofage with vocational skills opportunities. © Strengthen POs and CDPOs to train Supervisors and Pracheta for the scheme and further to train Anaganwadi workers and Saathin for better implementation of the programme at the districtand field level About 120 participants from the 10 SABLA districts including state level officials, Programme Officers and CDPOs participated in the training conducted at the University campus.MERE A eR ea UNFPA Rajasthan has decided to implement AGI in India in the state of Rajasthan. Given the programming priorities in India outlined above, the AGI in India could potentially work in any one district of Rajasthan that fulfils the twin criteria of SABLA wafer & aaa ah, implementation and should also have been identified wren teh ANS, wren aft apaeTe HIERN prICTIOEA (ore NCH AGstratery aight dar aha a, wera drat implementation. However, based on UNFPAs caret | existing work experience and partnerships with frag 2 aetorara sgh, zit both Government and Non-Government quae? ‘Organizations, it as been decided that in Rajasthan, the initiative will be implemented in the district of ‘afta & afer Gaz, want at Udaipur. The objectives of the baseline survey of after 21 AGI's intervention are as follows: BS aare | renew wx, aaa, azera 37a | 1) To establish benchmark on key indicators related to knowledge, attitude and practices among the adolescent girls on issues related to, their health and well being which will be ‘compared as measure of success of the project. after completion of the interventions. arog sft wrest MBAHM-19 I) Provide situational analysis ofthe current status of adolescent girls. Ill) Explore perspectives of the key stakeholders towards adolescents in the projectarea. The survey was conducted using both quantitative and qualitative methods. twas found that- a) Amajority of girls do nothave the toilet facilities and go out for defecation. b) About 55-58 percent girls belong to BPL families and about 18 percent girls in the age group of 10-14 years and 29 percentin the age group of 5-19 years do not attend school because they help in domestic work. ©) About 30 percent of girls of 10-14 years of age had menarche but there was lack of awareness and understanding of ‘menstruation including myths and misconceptions about menses. d) Adolescent girls lack knowledge of changes occurring during puberty. Among the girls in late adolescence, only || percent had correct knowledge of menstruation. e) Only three percent of the younger girls and one-fourth of the girls in 15-19 years age group had correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS and only one-fifth of the girls in the age group of 15-19 years were aware of STIs. f) _ About70-80 percent girls in both the age groups knew that personal hygiene is important for being healthy. The intervention has to focus on positive gender discrimination towards girls and reduce gender-based violence which was ‘observed as one of the key areas which could create an enabling environment to accomplish all the activities in the desired manner. 3kee Ly A three-day workshop on 'Gender Budgeting (GB)' conducted by National Institute of Rural Development in Jaipur covered ‘the topics on Gender Sensitization and Gender Budgeting The specific topics covered were: concept tools and techniques, ‘engendering planning of rural development programme, deepening gender responsive budgeting at the union and states government levels, capacity building efforts for gender budgeting, and role of training institutions. The methods used were lecture cum power-point presentation, games, tools, checklist, group exercise, and individual reflections in order to give suggestions and recommendations. Monika Choudhary, Associate Professor at IIHMR contributed as a resource person and started the first session of the second day of the workshop by giving the background information on how GB is intricately attached with the development process. She discussed the GB with perspective of human rights as women are mostly the disadvantageous group. She explained the gender based differential need as the health indicators that reflect poor . state of affairs of women in India, Babandeep Kaur, MBA HM-19 ‘though biologically women tend to be stronger than male counterpart at the time of birth. She also discussed the timeline of the emergence of GB in India and its development since its insticutionalization in 2005-06, The summarized version of the allocations for women presented in the GB statement in various financial years was also imparted during the session. oa uaa Gender equality is a scathing facet of any human rights agenda. According to the United Nations Development Program's Human Development Report 2013.The objective of gender equality has not been fully achieved in India. India ranks 132 out of 187 countries on the gender inequality index even lower than Pakistan which is 123 in rank.In spite of decades of conferences, policies, discussions and government agreements, we see no change over this issue. This can be attained if'we the people’ of this country acceptitasa shared objective to encourage and promote measures to improve gender equality outcomes. This is well understood that diverse teams and inclusive workplaces affect productivity and performance in a progressive ‘manner. A lot has been talked about the section 377 of the Indian Penal Code which denies a person's dignity and criminalizes his or her core identity solely on account of his or her sexuality and thus violates Article 21 of the Constitution. Section 377 IPC denies a gay person a right to full personhood which is implicit in notion of life under Article 21 of the Constitution, Recently (Nov.2014), UNWomen's Executive Director, Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka emphasized that India has the potential to 4achieve gender equality and expected India to advance in gender equality agenda. Though the workplaces have been continuously adopting diversity to ‘ensure greater opportunities for marginalized and under- represented groups but despite these changes happening, the issues of sexual orientation and LGBTs are overlooked to a great extent. LGBT professionals have to face significant challenges at workplace including limiting their ability to contribute to their full potential and preventing them from being open in the work environment. For creating an inclusive workplace, LGBT inclusion should be added to Equal ‘Opportunity Policy and drive a : positive change for LGBT ushwah, MBA HM-19 ‘community in India. A survey was conducted to ‘explore the views of LGBT employees at workplace by Mingle in India, report entitled "Out’ Number in India, LGBT ‘Workplace Diversity and Inclusion Survey 2011-2012, published in February 2012".tt was shown that LGBT employees were not open about their sexual orientation to their managers. A vast majority of LGBT professionals remained closeted at work and couldn't perform as productive as they would be in an environment where they could work with dignity. About a one third of the cotal respondents reported to suffer from harassment at workplace and about 80% reported to face jokes,anti- gay rhetoric and hearing homophobic comments. Many ware noticed to have less interaction with other employees and about a half said that they were completely unaware of the other LGBT persons in their workplace. They were participating LGBT related events and wanted to be a part of network or resource group. rerested in ‘A comprehensive policy having the issues related to sexual orientation and gender identity is a critical starting point for any company which is looking co create a safe, dignified and productive working environment for LGBTs in India. Community Business. a non-profit organization based in Hong Kong (report entitled "A resource guide for employers in India", October 2012) has produced set of recommendations for the companies operatingin India which are already working towards LGBT inclusion and to encourage new companies to take steps towards this agenda. These recommendations are categorized as — (1) Equal opportunity policy (2) Diversity training (3) Diversity structure (4) Benefits (5) Corporate culture (6) Market Positioning (7) Monitoring (8) Community and Advocacy. In Indian context, there is no anti-discrimination law for LGBT employees in a workplace, companies should step forward to protect LGBT employees and to create a safe working environment by including a "grievance handling mechanism’, in their policies.This diversity journey is quite new for many companies and thus they are encouraged to focus on these categories and implement the same.These inclusive policies will definitely make a positive impact on working culture. 5Oe Gender is a socio-cultural term referring to socially defined roles and behaviors assigned to momen Beer as) men and women in a given society. Gender Pri discrimination is a term which means discrimination because of one's gender, but does er this define gender discrimination in a real sense? } aoe Gender discrimination is only meant for women as they re the only victims of nant women (again expectation for evil in our country. It is one vice of our society =) that has changed forms but has remained in all walks of lfe. It is believed that in the past, women ‘enjoyed equal status as men.The Upanishads and Vedas have cited women sages and seers; but practices of sat, jouhor and the purdah system were also prevalent. Even then there was a Gender discrimination has been an age-old social VET Toe opportunities not chase act different role for both men and women in the society. This proves that gender discrimination is prevalent since that period and is still there starting from birth itself and continues throughout life.The diagram shows the life cycle of a woman from birth (cradle) to death (grave). ‘Causes for gender discrimination I. Ageold patriarchal society Dowry system Educational backwardness Rigid culture,customs and beliefs Physical factor sar Efforts to be made at individual, family and ‘community level © Law- [tis an effective tool for this problem. Indian constitution provides Article 14 for ‘equality, 15 for no discrimination based on ‘gender, 16 for equal opportunities and 39(d) for equal pay for equal work. Besides these specific laws such as Maternity Benefit Act — (1961), Equal Remuneration Act(1976), Dowry Prohibition Act (1961), Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act (2005) are the constitutional articles and other enactments show the aim of law to have gender justice but the implementation ofall these provisions has been a challenging task. Diwanshu Sharma, MBA HM-19 6Story about a child This isa story about a chil, Just so adorable and just so mild, Flowered in the 2Ist century, In open - minded family & people with glory. When I was born, Parents were happy and okay, But some dreams were torn, Wish | were a boy is what some pray, Yet, we support gender equality is what they si I have a brother, 5 years younger, Both are equal is what we're told, ‘Awareness - Awareness of the various laws related to gender justice in the society will help in the best way to get rid of these problems. Mental Model - The real change will only ‘occur when the mental model of whole society will change through cultural conditioning. Movement for women empowerment - Women should become economically independent and self-reliant, where they ‘ean fight their own fears and go out in the But for every small thing don't know why I get seold, world fearless, where they can snatch their Its not that | don't ger love, rights from the clutches of men and they | am but treated lke @ dove, You can be independent and follow your dreams, Not crossing your limits, you can see the gleams. Sometimes | think why these restrictions in part, Why are these not applicable to the male counterpart, Sometimes it hurts ike a dare, ‘And grows in heart like @ ware, Why thing go on this way, ‘Anh! Coz we support gender equality is what they say.!! donst have to ask for them, where women have good education, good career ‘ownership of property and above all where they have freedom of choice and the freedom to make their own decisions. Let's hope and wish that our participative democracy, in times to come,and with the efforts of both women and men, will be able to find solutions to the problem of gender inequality and Kush Dua, MBA PM 06 _/ will take us all towards our cherished dream of a truly modern society in both thought and action, “It’s time that we all see gender asa spectrum instead of two sets of opposing ideals”. ECT a We ‘Come on play that short right! Don't bea girl.” "Stop cribbing over this pain,be aman.” These phrases speak a lot by themselves. The popular stereotype that playing a sport is a manly activity and playing sulkily is womanly in nature, doesn't seem to wear off the minds of the people. No doubt that woman-sport in India is far from being popular. Due t ack of popularity and the non-lucrative side woman are discouraged to take it one step forward. Their family members always discourage them to venture into this field and force them to look for alternatives Whereas boys are allowed to build castles in air, seeing themselves as the next 'DHONT' with their parents feeling proud, but the parents are no to be blamed The next question is obviously who is to be blamed? Itis a complex process and a flowchart,as to how these people have gradually ‘murdered’ the woman sport. It's pretty obvious that until the government promotes itit's net going to make any significant news:The Government has enough time and funds to reward the male player who did well atthe state or 7district level but not to promote women sports. Even a tenth part of it will be helpful to boost their confidence. Moreover, | don't know where this notion of girls not being good at sports emerged from. It is very baseless and immature to make a remark. Ifa girl can cook round chapattis she can use her power to effect sweeping change in the society-working within the system You will see boys, fresh out of their teenage playing outiin the park, drenched in sweat but you will never come across a girl gang and just in case they are regular players they are branded as ‘tomboys’ which isn't an acceptable term. It's time we need a change in the mindsets and believe that doll is not the only thing girls play with.| hope this change will come soon in our nation. RTO RAC ad ta ied Once at a ripe age of six or seven and for some very inane reason I don't even remember, | remarked to my mother with a well rehearsed pout, "if I'd been a boy. you would have agreed to everything that Id ask for!" Her response was far too serious and astonishing than what | had DIVIDED WE FALL Born into this world naked and crying We have no differences, all are the same. Why do we change, therefore denying, The difference remaining is just but a name Religion, gender, colour creed Shape our adulthood, defining our ways Recognizing what we truly need Will improve the world and improve all our days. Go back, in mind, to where we began Just faith in parents and God, did it ll. The cliché you will then understand, United we stand, divided we fall. Atul Gautam, Jasmeen Bawa MBA HM-19 expected. She paused from whatever that she was doing and turned to face me with widened eyes. Her dark beautiful eyes are very big as itis. Any expression on her face is always heightened because ofher captivating eyes. I didn't know if at that point it seemed so prodigious because of this reason or if it was heartfelt to that very degree. She said in a pained voice that | immediately felt guilty for, "Why would you ever say that baby? Do you feel we think that way for real"? can’t recall anythingafter that as clearly as this but yes, my mother and father made sure to have me sit down later the same day and talk about it. My father took my words more seriously than my mother: He looked crest fallen. | remember that wall and then I knew itwas nota matter to kid with. ‘To me the sentence only meant something that would draw a little attention and even affection but to my parents it was concerning as they had always ensured. | knew how grateful and happy they were with the fact that | am a girl and there could never be anything that would be thought differently for me because of that fact. Also over the years, knew that they were content that | was the only child and believed as much in me as the world did in the other set of the existential being.| cannot think of what could have made me say that sentence at such a young age. often go back to this instance in my memory and try to reason with the possibilities. t could have been a tactic | thought that would work in getting something I wanted, ust a statement said out of boredom to stir the moment or something like that. But even so, it intrigues me that what could have planted that thinkingin my mind,the understanding that this could be something eristic.‘What | know for sure,is that it couldn't have been a result of brewing within the home because that was where | was made to believe that! was wanted in sight and in arms, that | was never compared with or wished to be someone else and that | was a reason for happiness. So lam definite that | picked up the hint of this being something controversial from somewhere other than my mother and father and | am glad that | was raised with differentideology chan the popular one. | wish this was the only one that prevailed. ay eed There was a distinct sound of a typewriter hitting the ink hard on a blank paper, portraying them as words. An oxford dictionary was open to 'F' alphabet with word feminism’ highlighted with a neon marker: She wanted the article to begin with the proper dictionary meaning of feminism —itis collection of movements and ideologies which share a common stated aim to define, establish and defend equal political, economic, cultural and social rights for ‘women. She took a moment, collecting her thoughts, thinking how did we arrive to such a situation, that is was required to come up with this word — Feminism; a word much talked about, debated for, published but moreover lived with. You pick up the daily newspaper and it is flooded with news screaming about gender issues. Who is to be blamed? Is it the government? Or the prime minister for governing such a government? Well, the fault is definitely not in our stars, or they are the an MBA PM -06 underlings, the fault is in our brains, in —-. — women themselves and ‘gender equally’ in mento, Half of the miseries women suffer from are debated to themselves for going through the suffering and not being the voice that needs to be heard.The fault is of mothers for crippling their young daughters mentally and more so for crippling their young sons. Isn't the onus on a battered wife herself or not filing a complaint against her husband?Partly, ‘creating pressures on mothers to make them think that they have to live and act to gratify the society first before them. Between the distances to gratify the society and her comes family, children and friends and after all this, if something is left then her own interests. is her fault, and the onus is on the society also for The life they are living is not made by themselves but by ‘others.The responsibility in such a case is of the women for choosing to live life made by others for her. The so called ‘system’ needs to be more sensitive and strict, for a woman can have a voice but the strict tone needs to ‘come from the system which is the law and government, holding a twin responsibility with the people they stand for. ‘Suddenly she stopped typing. This issue has to be structured ‘to something Metaphorically what could itbe? Feminism she typed s like a giant ficus:a banyan tree,the seed ‘of which sprang years and centuries ago. Fed by the society it is deep rooted in the ‘societal soil. Moreover, it has aerial roots now- branches that have grown vertically to become a ‘trunk themselves.The canopy of this tree has spread to yards. The need of the hour is that the ficus is 'A speaking tree’ ‘which whispers and talks in a mellow voice, it has weak roots bounded by hard ‘society soil’. Only if the soil can be loosen up this iscous cycle can be broken. So the next time, when you read the newspaper while sipping ‘on your morning coffee make it a point to go and educate ‘your maid, mother father, sister, brother, friend or a neighbor- to listen to the change. Try and gauge if they have been watering the ficus or if they were the speaking tree ‘themselves. Change your thinking and release those shackles that have held you for years and break free. The paper was ‘over and so was the ink. She looked at the irony of the situation She started with the word feminism and ended with break free, ithas been a good day! Itis everybody's battle WHY NOT MEI! Lots ofchemical and biological reactions Leads to my formation and action | started growing within the shell Likea bud enclosed by the sepals, Mother nourishes meand makes me stronger, By becoming glutton while keeping litle, restalltransfers. Within months from 2eelled stage Developmental activities stat to engage. Each day passes with the hope,to see the outer world, My imagination gets more and more pearled ‘Awish to hold daddys guiding hand, "Meeting his expectations while keeping the pride band ‘Adream to develop mother'sattitude Excelingin if to reach the altitudes Each passing day was awesome, ‘As | was ready to blossom. Butthen comes the dark day offate Confirmation of gender ended in hate. ‘Conspiracies built to hamper my existence By removingall the evidences with doctor'sassistance. Igetkilled in the womb of my mother, ‘As they only aspires for my brother: My mother begs for mysurvival, ‘As she eagerty waits forher angel's arrival No one cares for her emotions and feelings Ends inascarthatwill never lead to healing, Huse want to ask this world, Everyonehas the rightto survive andbe free! ‘Then why NOT Me! Boys are welcomedinto the world getintenseloveand care Then whyNOT Me! WHY NOTME!! Ramandeep Kaur, MBA-HM 19 Besides all the candle marches, public protests, media coverage and follow-ups, we still don’t see any significant change in the system and the existing crimes prevalentin the country. An immediate question comes to the mind, why’? Every one ‘of us has the answer for this ques 9. We just need to awaken our inner sense and start making moves against violence and atrocities, whether big or small,for one of your own or a stranger. tis better to light a candle than cursing darkness. ‘Your one candle can light thousands of other candles.So- ‘Speak up,Stand up & don’t bea silent onlooker’. Priyanka Sharmaee LT Mahatma Gandhi once said ~“ifnon violence is the law of our land,the future is with the women.” 67 years down the Independence, the scenario has not changed much. Though we have been talking big about gender issues , enforced laws on women safety , enacted legislations against domestic violence , but still the gender equality remains a myth In 2014 we witnessed the celebration of 40th international women's day (women empowerment being the most critical aspect of gender equality) , but the celebrations of these remarked days are not sufficient to inculcate a sense of respect and honor for women in our societies. Today no doubt India offers a lot of opportunities to women to grow and to rise. India is stil a male dominated society, where women are perceived as subordinate and inferior to men and this discrimination is clearly visible in rural as well as urban areas, throughout all strata of the society While women are guaranteed equality under the constitution, legal protection is seenasa limited effect (esp. where the patriarchal traditions prevail). ‘Another reason can be non-acceptance of women’s legal rights by the male world because of which Indian women suffer immensely. Although the country's constitution says women have equal status to men, women are still powerless and often mistreated inside and outside the home. No matter what our esteemed leaders have said or done in regards to women uplife, the truth is that males have always been greatly revered and the women in comparison have a little standing The dichotomy of Indian society can very well be explained by a refrain from an old bollywood song: ‘it happens only in India’ Yes, i is only in India that glaring and brutal gang rapes occur frequently in a state that is headed by a woman chief minister. ‘Other instances of violence against women are presented as a spectrum ranging from eve teasing to acid throwing ,domestic Violence stemming out of dowry harassment and an assortment of others Victims of such incidents though are encouraged by the law to fight back but then the society does not accept this.The ill fated are hardly given the right to live a normal life thereafter. The root cause of this scenario is the lack of education and awareness among the fairer sex. Combating this and educating the ‘women about their real place in the worlds astep that will largely set the entire movernent rolling down the hill to crash and break the wall of negligence and exploitation. This will also help a gir! child to follow her dreams without the concerns of domestic abuse and sexual exploitation. Gender equality and women empowerment are the key components for building a future we want. A future thatis brighter and more promising because as Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru has said " the worth of the civilization is known from the worth of its women" and as far as India is concerned it too can't progress and achieve the goals it wishes to as long as ,almost half of its populations oppressedBurning Candle...My Woman My candle stands steady, ies flames struggles this breezy ‘weather, melting and burning its body and soul... Fighting. Soft and tender, sober and calm persistent look of soothing charm ray of hope, in the darkest night in many a life that i lights, (On birthdays or on deaths my candle stands abreast ‘on cakes and stands, graves and tanks this light. shouldn't we thank! ‘Whichever shape you want whatever colour was put on responsibilities expected my candle always accomplished. Fire and heat are not easy to deal melting my wax, the pain | feet my candle asks them to live her life it's not that fun when you blow off Candle,"Do you see the woman in me? Her efforts to keep joy and peace ‘the agony that she goes through ‘Are you one of the few." So strong | stand to throw light like pain that she bears as mother or wife Needed always in that darkness to fight this world and its harshness. "Its easy to break me", candle, “Like a woman's heart you may handle why your demands become her duty when you never bothered whether your woman, was happy?” My candle never speaks, it melts down Slowly that flame snuffs out ‘That darkness sets in again Life jitcers in a frozen frame. (Oh! Did that remind you of someone? Serving, protecting and letting you have all the fun GHRC 2014 Speaking less feeling in hell or heaven Yes! That burning candle..my woman, Jasleen Kaur, MBA HM 19 Blagyashree Maheshwari, MBA HM - 19 For any query, suggestions or cont tions please contact: Coordinator, GHRC INSTITUTE OF HEALTH MANAGEMENT RESEARCH |, Prabhu Dayal Marg, Sanganer Airport, Jalpur-302029 India Ph.: +91-141-3924700. Email-ghrc@ihmr.org. URL: http:/www.iihmr.org 2