CEM 2043

SENG HANSEN

RAILROAD CONSTRUCTION
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Definition of railroad construction
Characteristics of railroad construction
History of railroad and its impact to industry
Construction elements of railroad
Social, economical and energetic aspects
Rail transport around the world
Case study

DEFINITION OF RAILROAD
Track: the structure consisting of the
rails, fasteners, railroad ties, and ballast,
plus the underlying subgrade. It is also
known as permanent way.

Rail transport: a means of conveyance of

passengers and goods by way of
wheeled vehicles running on rails. It is
commonly referred to as train transport.

Rail vehicles are directionally guided by

the tracks on which they run. Track
usually consists of steel rails installed on
ties (sleepers) and ballast.

Train: a connected series of rail vehicles that move along the

track.

Annual Report 2013 PT. KAI

HISTORY OF RAILROAD & ITS IMPACT TO INDUSTRY

Pre-steam

Steam

Electrification &
Dieselisation

Modern
(innovative)

Diolkos wagonway - 6th

century BC in Greece.
Germany 1350 AD

James Watt patented

steam engines in 1769.
Richard Trevithick
demonstrated the first
locomotive in 1804.

1902, the first

conventional electrified
railway with 106 km
length in Italy

Intermodal, just-in-timeenvironmental impact,

public safety

Horsecar in Brno,
Czech Republic
"Brno, Brno Msto, historick kosk
tramvaj" by Aktron / Wikimedia
Commons.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/c
ommons/1/16/5051_Earl_Bathurst_Cockl
ewood_Harbour.jpg

"Porters waiting to go inside the train" by

Sakurai Midori - Own work. Licensed
under CC BY 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons "Shinkansen type 0 Hikari 19890506a" by
Cassiopeia sweet - Photo by Cassiopeia
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: sweet..
Porters_waiting_to_go_inside_the_train.J
PG#/media/File:Porters_waiting_to_go_i
nside_the_train.JPG

CHARACTERISTICS OF RAILROAD
Right of way

Electrification

Buildings

Telecommunication

Stations
Construction
Signalling
Train Inspection
Systems
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Right of way

The first railway line in Indonesia started

operations in 1867. The railways were gradually
expanded by both state and private railways.

The Japanese occupation and the Indonesian

War of Independence left Indonesia's railways in
a poor condition. A batch of 100 steam
locomotives were ordered in 1950, and in 1953
the first mainline diesel-electric locomotive was
purchased from the US. Dieselisation continued
apace, and by the 1980s most mainline services
have been dieselised. Electric multiple units
were also obtained from Japan beginning in the
1970s, replacing 60-year-old electric
locomotives.
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Since the independence era, all mainline railways in

Indonesia have been managed by the government. The
owners of the private railway were compensated first, but the
system was fully nationalised in 1971.
Construction of new railway lines has been few and far between,
and most new construction is concentrated on double- and quadtracking of existing railway lines. Most of the former tramway lines
have been closed, reducing the mileage from about 7000 km to
only 3000 km.

WHAT IS RIGHT OF
WAY OR TOTAL LAND
REQUIREMENT?

A plot of land area belonging of the public estate

and on which will be (or have been) constructed
a road, a railway track, a waterway and their
dependences.

Buildings
BALAI YASA

a place that is used for the repair or maintenance of railway

facilities which include a locomotive, carriage or wagon.
Village hall serves to maintain the quality of railway facilities
so that proper operation

OFFICES

venue of the railway administration, the locus of executive

and so on. However, the office is not just a place to work, but
rather as a means of service activities and the provision of
information to the public

RUMAH DINAS

buildings for shelter owned by company that is occupied by

an employee of the company

SIGNALLING HOUSE

buildings which are generally separate from the station that

was created to help operate the system notes and signals.
usually every station has two home signal

WATER TOWER

building that serves as a water storage and distributed

through a water pipe for the benefit of the station, depot or
village hall.

BALAI YASA TEGAL

BALAI YASA PADANG

BALAI YASA SURABAYA
BALAI YASA PENGOK

BALAI YASA MANGGARAI

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Stations
DAOP 1

JAKARTA

DAOP 2

BANDUNG

DAOP 3

CIREBON

DAOP 4

SEMARANG

DAOP 5

PURWOKERTO

DAOP 6

YOGYAKARTA

DAOP 7

MADIUN

DAOP 8

SURABAYA

DAOP 9

JEMBER

DIVISI REGIONAL 1

SUMUT & ACEH

DIVISI REGIONAL 3

SUMSEL
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Signalling
Signalling equipment is a set of facilities that serve to provide cues such as
color or shape that is placed at a certain place and gives a signal with a
certain sense to regulate and control the operation of the railway.
Siemens & Halske semi otomatis

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Siemens & Halske manual

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Persinyalan alkmaar

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Telecommunication
A set of facilities used for the delivery of information and / or
communication in order to help the security, safety and smooth operation
of the railway

Vehicles

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Electrification

Kereta api listrik di Stasiun Bogor, Indonesia. Dari kiri ke kanan: KRL buatan
Jepang (Nippon Sharyo) angkatan awal (1978-1984), KRL buatan
Bombardier/Holec angkatan 1996, dan KRL dengan badan baja tahan karat
buatan Jepang angkatan kedua (1986/1987)
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http://heritage.kereta-api.co.id/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Seri.Nmr_GR-20003-lokasi-@Balai-Yasa-Yogyakarta.jpg

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Tunnels

Wilhelmina tunnel is the longest railway tunnel in Indonesia. This

tunnel has a length of 1116 meters. Built by the railway company
SS (Staats Spoorwegen) and was built in 1914 and put into use on
January 1, 1921. However, this tunnel then becomes inactive as
the closure of railway line Banjar - Cijulang (82 miles) on 3
February 1981 because the high cost of operation and at least
revenue from railway passengers.
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Bridges

Cibisoro Bridge,
located at Cilame
near Padalarang
station

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CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS OF RAILROAD

A steel bar or
continuous line of
bars laid on the
ground as one of
a pair forming a
railway track.
It is one of the
cross braces that
support the rails
on a railway track
It forms the track
bed upon which
railway sleepers
are laid

Rail gauge is the distance between

the inner sides of the two parallel
rails that make up a single railway
line

SOCIAL, ECONOMICAL & ENERGETIC ASPECTS

ENERGY
Rail transport is an energy efficient
but capital intensive.

Comparison in terms of cargo capacity

Human carry 1 tmi/day
Horse carry 4 tmi/day
Horse cart on good pavement carry 10 tmi/day
Fully utility truck carry 20,000 tmi/day
Long haul train carry 500,000 tmi/day

IN AVERAGE, TRAINS ARE 20x MORE EFFICIENT THAN AUTOMOBILES.

Lisbon case study.
An automobile consumption around 6 l/100 km gasoline, occupancy around 1.2
passengers/automobile. 1 litre of gasoline = 8.8 kWh.
This is equating to an average of 441 Wh per passenger-km.
Compare to a modern train with an average occupancy of 20% and a consumption of
about 8.5 kWh/km. This equating to 21.5 Wh per passenger-km.
441/21.5 = 20x

Railway Safety

Annual Report 2013 PT. KAI

SHINKANSEN

RAIL TRANSPORT AROUND THE WORLD

The maximum operating

speed is 320 km/h (200 mph)
"Shinkansen0-N700" by Pagemoral - Contributor Pagemoral takes a photograph. Licensed under
CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shinkansen0N700.JPG#/media/File:Shinkansen0-N700.JPG

"Shinkansen map 201503 en" by Hisagi - Own work. Licensed

under CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shinkansen_map_20
1503_en.png#/media/File:Shinkansen_map_201503_en.png

MAGLEV
The Shanghai Maglev Train, also known as the Transrapid, is the fastest
commercial train currently in operation and has a top speed of 430km/h.

"A maglev train coming out, Pudong International Airport, Shanghai" by User Alex Needham (own photography) on en.wikipedia - Originally from en.wikipedia;
description page is (was) here. Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_maglev_train_coming_out,_Pudong_International_Airport,_Shanghai.jpg#/media/File:A_maglev_train_coming_out,_
Pudong_International_Airport,_Shanghai.jpg

CASE STUDY
Annual Report 2013 PT. KAI

Annual Report 2013 PT. KAI

Annual Report 2013 PT. KAI

Annual Report 2013 PT. KAI

Annual Report 2013 PT. KAI

Annual Report 2013 PT. KAI

Annual Report 2013 PT. KAI

Annual Report 2013 PT. KAI

Annual Report 2013 PT. KAI

A man who has never gone to school may steal from a freight car; but if he has a
university education, he may steal the whole railroad..
Franklin D Roosevelt

end
terima kasih

Copyright acknowledgement:
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