Therefinerywidemodel.

hsccaseillustratesusingPetroleumShiftReactors(shortcutmodels
forrefineryreactors)tobuildarefinerywideflowsheet.Inthebasisenvironmentpetroleum
assaysthatrepresentcrudeusingareasonablygranularsetofpseudocomponents(oftheorderof
5070components)areincluded.Twokindsofcrudesareconsideredviz.sweetcrudes(Alaska
NorthSlope,FortiesBlendandTiajuanaLight)andsourcrudes(ArabLight,ArabHeavyand
Bachequero). The sweet crudes and sour crudes are processed in separate atmospheric and
vacuum distillation units which are modeled using shortcut distillation columns. The main
refinery processing units diesel hydrotreater, kerosene hydrotreater, naphtha hydrotreater,
catalyticcracker,hydrocracker,reformer,isomerizationandalkylationunitareallbuiltusing
PetroleumShiftReactors.Thesemodelsarebasedondeltabaseshiftconcept,i.e.eachunitis
representedbyasetofkeyindependentvariables(usuallyfeedflowratesandfeedqualities)and
keydependentvariables(usuallyproductflowrates,productqualities,utilities,etc)withtheir
base condition values specified. For conditions different fromthe base point, the dependent
variablesarecalculatedfromtheindependentvariablesusingasetoflinearequationswhose
coefficients are the derivatives of the independents w.r.t. the dependents at the base point.
Usuallythesederivativesarecalculatedusingtherigorousfirstprinciplesmodelsavailablein
HysysPetroleumRefining.
This case demonstrates how one could use a refinerywide model to track materials (e.g.
hydrogen),utilities(e.g.steam,fuel,etc),etc.Italsoshowshowonecouldformulatetheoverall
profit function on a spreadsheet and study refinery performance by manipulating the model
degreesoffreedomsuchasFCCconversionandreformerseverity.