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P = x (t ) = x p ( x)dx =x (t ) = lim
2
X T( K ) ( )
T
(K )
T
1
x (t ) dt
T
T /2
(2)
x ( K ) (t ), pentru t T / 2
(t ) =
0, in rest
(3)
X ( ) = {x (t )}
BXX ( ) - functie de autocorelatie statistica
(K)
(K )
(1)
T / 2
(4)
T /2
1
x(t ) x(t + )dt
T T/ 2
(5)
x(t ) x(t + ) =
x x p ( x , x , )dx dx
1 2 2
(5)
t2 t1;
x1 = x(t1 )
x2 = x(t2 )
1
Puterea - P =
( ) d
2
P = (2f )df
(6)
(6)
X ( ) = {B XX ( )}.
B XX ( ) = 1 { x ( )}
(7)
1
B XX ( ) =
X ( ) e j d
x ( ) =
j
BXX ( ) e d
(7)
Aplicatia nr.1
Fie x(t) ergodic cu
BXX ( ) = Ae
a) X
,(A,>0)
Se cere:
( ) = ? ;
b) PX = ? ;
{}
2
c) x, x , var x ;
d)Daca x are repartitie gaussiana (normala), care este p(x)?;
e)In ipoteza de la punctul d) care este probabilitatea ca x>0;
Rezolvare:
a)
x ( ) = A e
0 j
2A
d = A e
d + e j d = ... = 2
+ 2
0
b)
1
PX =
2
c)
X =
2A
2A 1
d
X ( )d = 0 2 + 2 = arctg 0 = A
B XX ( ) =
X 2 = BXX (0) = A
Ae = 0
var( X ) = X2 = X 2 ( X ) 2 = A
( x m) 2
p( x) =
d) x~N(m,)
2 2
2 2
m = E( X ) = x = 0
2 = var( x) = A p ( x) =
x2
1
e 2A
2A
e) p{ x
> 0} =
p( x)dx = 1/ 2
0
Conditia de normare:
p( x)dx = 1
x(t)
y(t)
sistem liniar H()
( )
P
B ( )
XX
(K )
T
( )
B ( )
y
yy
T
(K )
x (t ), | t |
(t ) =
2
0, rest
(8)
T
(K )
(
),
|
|
y
t
t
yT( K ) (t ) =
2
0, rest
(9)
( ) = lim
X
( )
T
(K)
T
(10)
Y ( )
( ) = lim
T
X T( K ) ( ) = xT( K ) (t )
2
(K)
{
}
unde
YT( K ) ( ) = {yT( K ) (t )}
(11)
(12)
( ) = {B ( )}
B ( ) = { ( )}
= H ( ) ( )
X
XX
XX
yy
yy
1
Py =
2
(A)
=
Y
2
1
B yy ( ) =
2
X H ( ) d
2
(B)
H
(
)
e
d
X
(C)
n ( ) =
N0
,
2
oricare (n-noise)
B ( ) = { ( )} =
1
nn
Bnn ( ) = 0 , oricare 0
Bnn ( ) =
N
( )
2
0
lim
Bnn ( ) g ( )d =
x(t)=n(t)
N0
g ( 0)
2
y(t)
FTJ ideal
N0
2
N
Bnn ( ) = 0 ( )
2
n ( ) =
H ( ) = H ( ) e j ( )
( ) = ?
y
B ( ) = ?
yy
H ( )
A, 1
H ( ) =
0, rest
t 0 ,
( ) =
oricare, in rest
N0 2
A , 1
y ( ) = 2
0, rest
1 N 0 A 2
N 01 A 2
sinc1
sin 1 =
B yy ( ) =
21
2
B yy ( ) = B yy (0) sinc1
N 0 A21
B yy (0) =
2
y ( )
N0 2
A
2
1
1, 2f 1
Se considera ub FTJ ideal avand H()= 0, > 2f
1
Se aplica la intrare zgomot alb gaussian cu densitatea spectrala
de putere N 0 / 2 . Se cere:
a)
b)
c)
y ( )
Py
B yy
d)
e)
y2
f) var(y)= y
P ( y 3 y )
Rezolvare:
N 0 / 2, 2f1
=
(
y
a)
0, > 2f1
d)
1
1 2f1 N 0
Py =
d = N o f1
y ( )d =
2
0 2
2f1N 0
sinc 2f 1 = N 0 f 1 sinc(2 f1 )
B yy ( ) =
2
y = B yy () = N 0 f1 sin c(2f1) = 0
e)
y 2 = B yy (0) = N 0 f1
f)
var( y ) = y 2 y = f1N 0
b)
c)
g)
h)
p( y) =
y =
1
2 y
y2
2 f1 N 0
f1 N 0
Trecerea zgomotului alb prin FTB ideal
X(t)-zgomot alb
x ( ) =
N0
2
Bxx ( ) =
N0
( )
2
H ( )
2 0 1
H ( ) = H ( ) e j ( )
A, 1 2
H ( ) =
0, altfel
( 1 )t 0 , 1 2
( ) =
( + 0 )t 0 , altfel
0 = (1 + 2 ) / 2
= 2 1
y ( ) = ?
B yy ( ) = ?
- mijlocul benzii
- latimea benzii
N0 2
A , 1 2
y ( ) = 2
0, rest
1
B yy ( ) =
2
N 0 A2
=
4
=
( )e
1
d =
2
2
1 j
e d + e j d =
1
2
2
1 N 0 2 j
N 0 2 j
A
e
d
+
2 A e d
2
1
2
cos(0 )
N 0 A2 sinc
2
2
B yy ( ) = B yy (0) sinc
cos 0
2
y ( )
N0 A
2
2 0 1