Muni Budhu "Foundation and Earth Retaining Structures", John Wiley & Sons, NY, 2007.

DRIVEN PILES
Straight, prismatic pile as an individual pile or in a group
Help
w
Select units
SI
9.8 kN/m3
Design load
500 kN
FS
2
Ultimate load
Pile section shape
circular
Group
yes
f s or adhesion factor,u
API
Spacing
1m
Matrix
3
Groundwater from surface
0m
End bearing layer
15 m
diameter or width
Nc

p clay
p sand
Use N values
layer

0m

Perimeter

1.88

0.00

0.00 m

0.4
n

Area

0.28

0.00

0.00 m2

Depth
m

groundwater

0
15
20
10.4
0
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

0.6

0.5 rad

200

400

su
thickness Soil Type Unit weight '
m
kN/m3
deg kPa
0
0
0
0
15 c
17.5
30 14.5
5c
19
24
60
-9.6 c
19
24
60
-10.4 c
0
0
0
8c
19.8
30
60
1c
19.8
30
60
1c
19.8
30
60
1c
20
24
60
1c
20
24
60
1c
20
24
60
1c
20
24
60
1c
20
24
60
1c
20
24
60
1c
20
24
60
1c
20
24
60
1c
20
24
60
1c
20
24
60

Skin
friction 800
(kN) - TSA
(single 1200
pile)
600
1000

1400

Do not change cells AX 1 through bg8

Group width
Perimeter
Area
center center
N60

OCR

1600

0
1
4
4
0
2
2
2
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4

Dia. = 0.6 m
Dia. = 0.9 m

yes

2y

9.81

no

3n

62.4

101.3 API
1.9 Tomlinson

0
16

1000
1000

SI
US

rectangular

0.6

0.00

0m

SINGLE PILE

SINGLE PILE

SINGLE PILE

GROUP - BLOCK FAILURE MODE

GROUP - BLOCK FAILURE MODE

GROUP - BLOCK FAILURE MODE

GROUP - SINGLE PILE FAILURE MODE

GROUP - SINGLE PILE FAILURE MODE

GROUP - SINGLE PILE FAILURE MODE

2.6

2m

DIAMETER OR WIDTH

DIAMETER OR WIDTH

DIAMETER OR WIDTH

DIAMETER OR WIDTH

DIAMETER OR WIDTH

DIAMETER OR WIDTH

DIAMETER OR WIDTH

DIAMETER OR WIDTH

DIAMETER OR WIDTH

10.4

8m

0.6

0.6

0.00

0.00

0.6

0.00

0.00

6.76
center
base

4 m2
Tomlinson

Total Porewater Effective Effective

stress pressure
stress
stress
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
131.3
73.5
57.8
310.0
171.5
138.5
161.5
266.3
149.0
117.3
175.1
0.0
175.1
254.3
39.2
215.1
343.4
83.3
260.1
363.2
93.1
270.1
383.1
102.9
280.2
403.1
112.7
290.4
423.1
122.5
300.6
443.1
132.3
310.8
463.1
142.1
321.0
483.1
151.9
331.2
336.3
503.1
161.7
341.4
346.5
523.1
171.5
351.6
356.7
543.1
181.3
361.8
366.9
563.1
191.1
372.0
377.1

Ls/D
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

su/'z
0.00
0.25
0.43
0.51
0.00
0.28
0.23
0.22
0.21
0.21
0.20
0.19
0.19
0.18
0.18
0.17
0.17
0.16

u
0.00

Clay
ESA

TSA

fs

0.00
0.29
0.53
0.53
0.00
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53

kPa
0.0
10.2
37.0
35.5
0.0
41.3
43.3
43.7
44.1
44.5
44.9
45.3
45.6
46.0
46.3
46.7
47.0
47.3

fs
kPa
0.0
16.7
73.2
62.0
0.0
87.8
106.2
110.3
148.0
153.4
158.8
164.2
169.6
175.0
180.4
185.7
191.1
196.5

Sand
ESA

Sand
TSA

fs

fb

kPa

kPa
0.0

FRICTION
ESA

END BEARING
TSA
ESA

Qf

Qf

Qb

kN

kN

kN

0.0

0
290
638
-4
-4
619
700
783
866
950
1034
1119
1206
1292
1380
1467
1556
1645

0
471
1161
39
39
1363
1564
1771
2050
2340
2639
2948
3268
3598
3938
4288
4648
5019

Qult
ESA

TSA

kN
0
0
564
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1174
1209
1245
1281
1316

FRICTION
ESA

TSA

Qb
0
0
153
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
153
153
153
153
153

Qf
kN
0
290
791
-4
-4
619
700
783
866
950
1034
1119
1206
1445
1532
1620
1709
1798

kN

END BEARING
TSA
ESA

Qf

kN

0
471
1725
39
39
1363
1564
1771
2050
2340
2639
2948
3268
4772
5147
5533
5929
6335

Qb

kN
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

TSA

1000

Skin friction (kN) - ESA (single pile)

2000
3000
4000

5000

6000

Dia. = 0.4 m

200

Ultimate
load
- TSA1200
(single pile)
400
600 ca pacity
800 (kN)
1000
1400

kN
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

1600

1800

15

20

20

25

25

END BEARING
TSA
ESA

Qf

Qb

kN
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

Qult
ESA

TSA

15
20
20
25

TSA

Qb

kN
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

FRICTION
ESA
Qf

kN
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

kN
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

kN
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

load capa city

(kN) - ESA 4000
(single pile) 5000
1000Ultimate 2000
3000

Dia. = 0.6 m

10
Depth (m)

25

FRICTION
ESA

kN
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

Dia. = 0.45 m

Dia. = 0.3 m
Ultimate load

10
Depth (m)
15

15

kN

Dia. = 0.45 m
Dia. = 0.6 m

Dia. = 0.9 m

10
Depth (m)

TSA

Qf

kN
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

Dia. = 0.6 m

Dia. = 0.4 m

Q ult
ESA

Qb

kN
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

1800

10
De pth (m)

circular
square

0
1000 kN

Dia. = 0.3 m
Ultimate load

kN
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

6000

0
1597.7
3520.6
-21.4
-21.4
3413.1
3863.3
4317.8
4776.4
5239.2
5706.0
6176.7
6651.2
7129.4
7611.3
8096.7
8585.7
9078.0

Qf
kN
0
2600.7
6405.3
216.4
216.4
7522.6
8626.9
9773.7
11313.1
12908.6
14560.1
16267.7
18031.3
19850.9
21726.6
23658.3
25646.1
27689.9

END BEARING
TSA
ESA
Qb
kN
0
0.0
3650.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3650.4
3650.4
3650.4
3650.4
3650.4

TSA

Q ult
ESA

Qb
kN
0
0.0
13476.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
28062.8
28914.0
29765.1
30616.3
31467.4

TSA

FRICTION
ESA

Qf
kN
0
1597.7
7171.0
-21.4
-21.4
3413.1
3863.3
4317.8
4776.4
5239.2
5706.0
6176.7
6651.2
10779.8
11261.7
11747.1
12236.1
12728.4

kN
0
2600.7
19881.8
216.4
216.4
7522.6
8626.9
9773.7
11313.1
12908.6
14560.1
16267.7
18031.3
47913.7
50640.6
53423.4
56262.3
59157.3

kN
0
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

Qf
kN
0
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

END BEARING
TSA
ESA
Qb
kN
0
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

TSA

Q ult
ESA

Qb
kN
0
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

TSA

FRICTION
ESA

Qf
kN
0
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

kN
0
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

kN
0
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

Qf
kN
0
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

END BEARING
TSA
ESA
Qb
kN
0
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

TSA

Q ult
ESA

Qb
kN
0
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

TSA

FRICTION
ESA

Qf
kN
0
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

kN
0
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

kN
0
2606.267
5742.87
-34.8947
-34.8947
5567.545
6301.91
7043.234
7791.394
8546.271
9307.691
10075.49
10849.51
11629.61
12415.65
13207.49
14005
14808.1

Qf

END BEARING
TSA
ESA
Qb

TSA

Q ult
ESA

Qb

kN
kN
kN
kN
0
0
0
0
4242.25
0
0 2606.267
10448.43 1374.133
5073
7117
353.0704
0
0 -34.8947
353.0704
0
0 -34.8947
12270.93
0
0 5567.545
14072.33
0
0 6301.91
15943
0
0 7043.234
18454.13
0
0 7791.394
21056.69
0
0 8546.271
23750.66
0
0 9307.691
26536
0
0 10075.49
29412.84
0
0 10849.51
32381.05 1374.133 10563.78 13003.74
35440.67 1374.133 10884.18 13789.78
38591.71 1374.133 11204.58 14581.62
41834.16 1374.133
11525 15379.15
45168 1374.133 11845.39 16182.24

TSA

FRICTION
ESA

Qf
kN
0
4242.25
15521.43
353.0704
353.0704
12270.93
14072.33
15943
18454.13
21056.69
23750.66
26536
29412.84
42944.84
46324.86
49796.29
53359.14
57013.4

END BEARING
TSA
ESA

Qf

kN

Qb

kN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

TSA

Q ult
ESA

TSA

Qb

kN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

FRICTION
ESA

Qf

kN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

kN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

kN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

END BEARING
TSA
ESA

Qf

kN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Qb

kN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

TSA

Q ult
ESA

Qb

kN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

kN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

kN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

kN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Muni Budhu "Foundation and Earth Retaining Structures", John Wiley & Sons, NY, 2HELP
SETTLEMENT OF PILES
RESULTS
Single pile
Group
Elastic settlement
0.9 mm
Elastic settlement
1.5 mm
Consolidation
1.1 mm
Total
2.6 mm
PILE
Select unit
Allowable vertical load
Allowable friction load
Allowable end resistance

SOIL
SI
400 kN
300 kN
100 kN

Pile length, L

E soil
Groundwater
Top of clay
Cc

25 m

Pile section
Pile diameter

0.9 m

0.06
1.04

E soil at base

3.00E+07 kPa

Pile matrix
Pile spacing
Pile area
Number of piles
Pile settlement - friction
Elastic settlement
Exponent
Reduction factor , C
elastic shortening
elastic settlement of group

0.8

Cr

circular

E pile

30000
15
27

2
1m
0.64
4

0.45
35000
12069.0

End bearing settlement

Elastic -single
Elastic -group

0.2 mm
0.5
0.5
7E-02 mm
0.4 mm

0.63
1.06

Consolidation settlement of group piles

Pile width
Pile area
Equivalent pile radius

2.9 m
3.61 m2
1.07 m

Layer
0
1
Above pile base
Top of clay
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Depth
m
0.0
15.0
25.0
27.0
28.0
29.0
30.0
31.0
32.0
0.0
0.0

Unit
weight
kN/m3
0.0
17.0
18.0
17.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0

OCR

4.0
1.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0

layer thickness
m
0.0
15.0
10.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.0
0.0

zo
kPa
0.0
255.0
435.0
469.0
479.0
489.0
499.0
509.0
519.0
0.0
0.0

Allowable vertical load

Group settlement using SPT
Settlement
4.6 mm
Ncorr
20
I
0.310345

0.015332 MPa

Ground surface =0

layer 1
Groundwater
2L/3

kPa
m
m
layer 2

kPa
kPa

B
mm
mm

L/3
Pile base
layer 3
Top of clay layer
layer 4
layer 5
layer n
B +z

u
kPa
0.0
0.0
98.1
117.7
122.6
127.5
132.4
137.3
142.2
0.0
0.0

'zo

kPa

kPa

2.1
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.3

356.4
361.5
366.6
371.7
376.8

fin
kPa

358.5
363.3
368.2
373.1
378.0
0.0
0.0

p
mm

0.1
0.9
0.1
0.0
0.0

Sum

1.1

wable vertical load

2L/3

L/3

z
H

9.81
1000

1 circular
2 square
3

SI
US

Muni Budhu "Foundation and Earth Retaining Structures", John Wiley & Sons, NY, 2007.
Straight, prismatic drilled shafts
Help
Select units
SI
FS
2
Design load
350 kN
Group
NO
Ultimate load
Shaft diameter
1m
Spacing
10 m
Top of base layer
10 m
Matrix
4
Groundwater
2m
No,of piles
8
Use N values
y
Group widt
m
Perimeter
3.14 m
Group leng
Area
0.79 m2
Perimeter
m
Max end bearing

2900 kPa

layer
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

Depth
m
0
2
4
10
16
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27

thickness
m
0
2
2
6
6
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Area

Depth to
center Soil Type Unit weight
m
kN/m3
0
0
1
s
15.5
3
s
14
7
s
18
13
s
20
16
s
20
16.5
c
20
17.5
c
20
18.5
c
20
19.5
c
20
20.5
c
20
21.5
c
20
22.5
c
20
23.5
c
20
24.5
c
20
25.5
c
20
26.5
c
20

m2

'
0
25
25
25
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27

su
kPa
0
36
36
36
0
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46

OCR
0
1.6
1.6
1.6
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

700 kN

center

N60
0
8
5
20
32
32

Total
stress
kPa
0
15.5
45.0
113.0
227.0
287.0
297.0
317.0
337.0
357.0
377.0
397.0
417.0
437.0
457.0
477.0
497.0

center

center

Porewater Effective
pressure
stress
kPa
kPa
0.0
0.0
0.0
15.5
9.8
35.2
49.0
64.0
107.8
119.2
137.2
149.8
142.1
154.9
151.9
165.1
161.7
175.3
171.5
185.5
181.3
195.7
191.1
205.9
200.9
216.1
210.7
226.3
220.5
236.5
230.3
246.7
240.1
256.9

base
Effective
stress
kPa
0.0

149.8
149.8
160.0
170.2
180.4
190.6
200.8
211.0
221.2
231.4
241.6
251.8
262.0

Clay
ESA

TSA

fs

fs

0.00
0.53
0.33
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55

0.00
1.20
0.36
0.85
0.62
0.52
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39

kPa
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
25.30
25.30
25.30
25.30
25.30
25.30
25.30
25.30
25.30
25.30
25.30

kPa
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
60.94
64.96
68.97
72.98
77.00
81.01
85.02
89.04
93.05
97.06
101.08

GROUP
SINGLE PILE
DIAMETER
1
Sand
ESA

FRICTION
TSA
ESA

ESA

END BEARING
TSA
ESA

fs

fb

Qf

Qf

Qb

Qb

kPa
0.0
18.6
12.6
54.5
73.5
77.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

kPa
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1840.0
1840.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

MN
0.0000
0.0623
0.0888
1.1163
2.5018
2.5018
2.58
2.66
2.74
2.82
2.90
2.98
3.06
3.14
3.22
3.30
3.38

MN
0.0000
0.0623
0.0888
1.1163
2.5018
2.5018
2.69
2.90
3.11
3.34
3.59
3.84
4.11
4.39
4.68
4.98
5.30

MN
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1.4451
1.4451
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28

MN
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1.4451
1.4451
2.31
2.46
2.60
2.75
2.90
3.05
3.19
3.34
3.49
3.63
3.78

TSA

MN
0.0000
0.0623
0.0888
1.1163
3.7161
3.7023
2.79
2.87
2.95
3.02
3.10
3.18
3.26
3.34
3.42
3.50
3.58

Qult
ESA

MN
0.0000
0.0623
0.0888
1.1163
3.7161
3.7023
4.81
5.15
5.50
5.86
6.24
6.63
7.03
7.45
7.87
8.31
8.76

SINGLE PILE
DIAMETER
1
Qult
TSA
ESA

MN
0.00

MN
0.00

GROUP FAILURE MODE

BLOCK FAILURE
WIDTH
FRICTION
TSA
ESA

END BEARING
TSA
ESA

Qf

Qf

Qb

Qb

MN
0.00

MN
0.00

MN
0.00

MN
0.00

Qult
TSA

MN
0.00

ESA

MN
0.00

57.5
10
2900

square
circle

0
27
0.245
26

700
700
380

YES
NO

SI
US
200

101.3 pa
9.8 unit wt. of water
1.5

2
3n
4
5