History of Sculpture

24/02/2015
HISTORYOFSCULPTURE
wtorek2015022412:03:32
KANON.HISTORYOF:ART.ARCHITECTURE.PAINTING. SCULPTURE.FURNITURE.DESIGN.CLOTHING.GARDENS.MUSIC.PHOTOGRAPHY.ICONOGRAPHY.MYTHOLOGY.PHILOSOPHY.LIBRARY.@
CHAPTER: PREHISTORY/EARLYCIVILIZATIONS.ANCIENTGREECE.ANCIENTROME.MIDDLEAGES.RENAISSANCE/MANNERISM.BAROQUE/ROCOCO/CLASSICISM.XIXCENTURY.MODERNISM.XXCENTURY
LISTOFSCULPTORS
HISTORY OF SCULPTURE PREHISTORY AND EARLY CIVILIZATIONS
BELLOW:PREHISTORY.SUMER/AKKAD.BABILON/ASSYRIA.EGYPT.CYCLADICISLANDS.MYCENAE.CRETE
PREHISTORY
Thesculptureisprobablytheoldestofthearts,andthisisbecause
it is not illusive, concrete, spatial and sensual nature. Unlike most
works of art (to the time of abstraction), the sculpture does not
pretend,doesnotrefertoadifferentreality,whichisan illustration
of or allusion. The sculpture is simply in all its simplicity and
reality.Probablybecausethefirstcreativeimpulsehasprompteda
prehistoricmantodoaclumsy,butuniqueinitssacredsculpture.
Remains a mystery why the earliest works of art (sculpture and
painting) come from Central Europe, not the "fertile crescent" is
regarded as the cradle of civilization. Admittedly, the objects
considered by historians to be the sculpture found in Morocco and
theGolanHeightsandgoesbacktothemonthe middle Paleolithic
(from about 300,000 BC), but the objects that will undoubtedly
have a function as a cult, and required the contractor to artistic
talent developed in areas ranging from France to presentday
UkraineintheUpperPaleolithicperiod(40,00014,000BC).
Why is the art of sculpture and painting (the cave) was born in
Europe,thendisappearedforahundredcenturiesandwasrevived
inadifferentformintheculturesofremoteareasseveralthousand
milesdonotwe'llprobablynever.
TypicaloftheartformoftheStoneAgeisawomanasymbol of
fertility. Figurines called "Venus" were made from a soft stone or
ivory, and the most famous examples come from the area of
Austria,Germany,Moravia,andUkraine.
Found in the Hittite bulkheads Catal Hyk seated figure of the
Mother Goddess from around 74007300 BC, is one of the earliest
examples of prehistoric sculpture and cult belongs to the art
createdinawellorganizedandhierarchicalsociety.
ZVenusTanTan
Maroko,400000pne
http://www.historiasztuki.com.pl/strony/0050001HISTORIARZEZBYPREeng.html
VenusBerekhatRam
GolanHeights,230000BC
1/35
24/02/2015
HISTORYOFSCULPTURE
VenuszHohleFelsSchelklingen,Niemcy,40000pne
2/35
24/02/2015
HISTORYOFSCULPTURE
LowerVstoniceVenus
Moravia,29,000BC
VenusLaugerieBasse
France
VenuszSavignano
25000pne
VenusofTursac
22,000BC
VenusofWillendorf
22,000BC
VenusLespugue20000BC
3/35
24/02/2015
HISTORYOFSCULPTURE
VenusdeLaussel
19000BC
Venuszgagarino
Ukraine
MotherGoddessofatalhyk,74007300BC
MuseumofAnatolianCivilizationsinAnkara
4/35
24/02/2015
HISTORYOFSCULPTURE
MESOPOTAMIA
In the sixth millennium BC in Mesopotamia (modern Iraq), the first
civilizations constitute the beginning of the empires of Sumer and Akkad.
Sculpture in these areas was performed with the basalt, sandstone and
alabaster,andforsmallobjects,aswellaslargersculpturesdecorating also
used copper, gold, silver, lapis lazuli, shell fragments and a variety of
preciousstones.Thepotteryandclayfigurinesweremadeofterracotta.
ThecharacteristicsofthegreatSumerianstatues,staring eyes, long beards

formenandprayerfullyclaspedhands.
Votive figurines from the Uruk period around 31002700 BC, and many
objectswerefoundinthecemeteryintheSumerianUr(2650BC).
SUMER I AKAD
SteleofNaramSin,kingofAkkad,celebratingvictoryoverthepeopleLullubiofZagros,21902154BC
5/35
24/02/2015
HISTORYOFSCULPTURE
VotivereliefkingofLagashUrNansha,25502500BC,Telloh
6/35
24/02/2015
HISTORYOFSCULPTURE
Praying,alabaster,2400BC,Telloh
7/35
24/02/2015
HISTORYOFSCULPTURE
SittingGudea,PrinceofLagash,2120BC(setneosumeryjski,Telloh
8/35
24/02/2015
HISTORYOFSCULPTURE
TwoprayingthatthetempleinEshnunna(nowTellAsmar),.2700BC,plaster,shells,limestone,IraqMuseum,Baghdad
I Babylonian Assyrians
ThebeginningofthehistoryofHammurabiofBabyloniaweregovernment(1750BC),thefounderofthefamousCode.Sculptureoftherulerisstillalotof
Sumerianartfeatures.InthisperiodthegoddessIshtarfigurines,whichwascalledthemotherofthegods,lightoftheworld,liketheriveroflife.Mostof
thebuildingsarepreservedreliefsadorningpalacescountrysuccessiverulersofAssyria,whichhavemanyfeaturesincommonwiththelaterartofPersia.
9/35
24/02/2015
HISTORYOFSCULPTURE
Hammurabi(17921750BC)
BabyloniangoddessIshtarAshtart,c.2000BC,Louvre
10/35
24/02/2015
HISTORYOFSCULPTURE
Lamassu,arelieffromthepalacesofSargonIIinDurSharrukininAssyria(nowKhorsabadinIraq),c.713716BC
11/35
24/02/2015
HISTORYOFSCULPTURE
SargonIIandclerk,arelieffromthepalacesofSargonIIinDurSharrukininAssyria(nowKhorsabadinIraq),c.713716BC
12/35
24/02/2015
HISTORYOFSCULPTURE
Thegeniusofaflower,arelieffromthepalacesofSargonIIofAssyriaSharrukinDur(nowKhorsabadinIraq),c.713716BC
13/35
24/02/2015
HISTORYOFSCULPTURE
TheservantcarryingthethroneofSargonII,arelieffromthepalacesofSargonIIinDurSharrukininAssyria(nowKhorsabadinIraq),c.713716BC
Royalhuntlions,fromthenorthernpalaceatNineveh,645635BC,BritishMuseum
Persia
In the art of Persian sculpture is involved in the architecture and occurs almost exclusively in the form of relief graces the walls of the chambers of the
palaceandwewntrzpaacowychstreetfrontage.Humanfiguresareshownschematically,noevidenceofindividualizing,drawsattentiontothedevelopment
ofextremelyprecisestylizeddetail(hairstyles,beards).Oftenappearinginrecital(alreadypresentinartAssyrian)isLamassucaringdeitydepictedasa
wingedbullwithahumanhead,flankinghonorarypalaceentranceandgates.
ThegreatestcollectionofPersiansculptureisinPersepolis,thecitywasfoundedin518.BCbyDariusIanddestroyedbyAlexandertheGreatin330AD.
BC.
Persiansoldiers,thepalaceinPersepolis,
14/35
24/02/2015
HISTORYOFSCULPTURE
WellpreservedfromthetimeoftheAchaemenidreliefinPersepolis
BasreliefdepictingiconicZaratusrtianfightingbull(Earth)withalion(Sun)
15/35
24/02/2015
HISTORYOFSCULPTURE
Lamassus,GateofNationsinPersepolis
HarryfromthepalaceinPerspeolis
16/35
24/02/2015
HISTORYOFSCULPTURE
PalaceofDariusIinPersepolis
Bull'sheadguardingtheentrancetotheHalloftheHundredColumnsinPersepolis
17/35
24/02/2015
HISTORYOFSCULPTURE
EGYPT
Although it performed well as a sophisticated form of small sculpture, a statue
of ancient Egypt is primarily a monumental form of the temple (as in the
TempleofRamsesIIatAbuSimbel)andsubjecttotherulesofcanon present
formofgods,pharaohs,priests,officialsandmembersoftheirfamilies.
Except for a short period of the reign of Pharaoh Akhenaten and Queen
Nefertiti,whenthereareelementsofrealism,thesculptureofEgypthasavery
schematic form and has been associated primarily with the preparation of the
deceasedtoeternallife.Setitattheentrancestothetombsandtheirinteriors,
meant to represent the deceased and to provide him with immortality.
Therefore, not celebrated sculptors of the individual features of the portrayed
person,butacertainidealofdescribingitanditsstatus.
Present the form of sculptures in stiff poses standing, sitting or kneeling,
sittingasthehandswereplacedontheknees,thesizeofthestatueswasdue
to the hierarchical relationships rather than physical attributes the Pharaoh
wasalwayshigherthanthosesubjectedtoit.Avoidedbybreakinguplumpstoo
explicitformationofthearmsandlegstheywerepartofamonolith.
Allthesculptureswerepolychrome,evenifitweremadeofpreciousmaterials.
Colors a little its symbolism. Women and civil servants in middleaged painted
bright yellow color, men in their prime brownishred color. Red meant the
vitality,thedivineattributeofblue,blackfertilityoftheNile,whichwasbornin
Egypt.Eyesasperformedwithcrystalsandgemstones.
Due to the conventionality of imaging important role played by costume, and
aboveallattributes,afterwhichthestatusofpersonsdiagnosed or the type of
deity.
Shortlived,butaradicalrevolutioninartandinthewholeorganizationof
the Egyptian Pharaoh Amenhotep IV moved (around 1350 BC 1918
Dynasty), which deprived the government of priests, temples received
hugeestates,andintroducedamonotheisticreligionandreformed(byhis
courtsculptorTutmosisa)thecanonofsculpturalart.Amenhotep IV, after
thereforms,whichheregardedasthebeginningofanewerainEgyptian
historychangedhisnametoAkhenaten.
Thenewstyleischaracterizedbyprolongationoftheform and members,
long necks, elongated faces and amazing "bezpciowo 'form. Do not
avoid the ugliness, broke the stillness and lack of perspective. These
characteristicsofartassociatedwiththepharaoh'sdisease,whichmaybe
an illustration of a study done by the face of Akhenaten Tutmosisa,
startlingrealisticrepresentationoftheextraordinarysufferingofthewhole
artofEgypt.
A realistic style of sculpture in Egypt, still remained under the reign of
Pharaoh Tutankhamen, but after the destruction of the capital, which
Akhenaten moved to TelelAmarna reinstated the validity of the
traditionalcanon.
A special kind of Egyptian sculptures are called uszebti. These were
mostly done with polychrome terracotta figurines left in considerable
quantitiesinthetombsofprominentpersons,ofservicereadytoperform
"in the afterlife," a variety of work for the deceased. Uszebti appeared in
theMiddleState,andsince1918aproliferationofthedynasty.Therewere
casesofputtingtoathousandfiguresinonetomb.
18/35
24/02/2015
HISTORYOFSCULPTURE
TheoldestknownsculptureEgyptianivory
przeddynastycznyperiod,NaqadaI/NaqadaII,37503550BC
SculptureattheentrancetotheTempleofRamsesIIatAbuSimbel,Nubia,c.1230BC
19/35
24/02/2015
HISTORYOFSCULPTURE
PharaohMenkaureandhiswifeKhamerernebty,2500BC
20/35
24/02/2015
HISTORYOFSCULPTURE
OfficialBes,XXVIDynasty,660610BC,limestone
21/35
24/02/2015
HISTORYOFSCULPTURE
ThetombofPharaohTutankhamen'smask,13411323BC
22/35
24/02/2015
HISTORYOFSCULPTURE
HemiunustatuefromthetombatGiza
23/35
24/02/2015
HISTORYOFSCULPTURE
CmentarzystascribeofSaqqara,poloichromowanylimestone,eyeswithcrystalsandcopper,26002350BC
StatueofKa(spirit,whichisacomponentofthehumansoul),13dynasty,c.1700BC
24/35
24/02/2015
HISTORYOFSCULPTURE
"GreenHead"500BC,theAltesMuseuminBerlin
PharaohEchnaton
25/35
24/02/2015
HISTORYOFSCULPTURE
StudyoftheheadofAkhenatenmadebyTuthmosis
Nefertiti,wifeofAkhenaten,Thutmosis,1345.BC
26/35
24/02/2015
HISTORYOFSCULPTURE
Figuresushebti
AEGEAN SCULPTURE
AegeanArthadthreecenters:theCycladesacomplexofislandsintheAegeanSea,Mycenaecontinentalcastle,andCrete,whichisdefinedastheart
oftheMinoan(namedafterthelegendaryKingMinos.)
Mycenae
Mycenaean culture flourished in the Bronze Age in the continental part of Aegean civilization. According to Homer's epic, warriors under the command of
Agamemnon mykescy conquered Troy. Typical of Mycenaean art is a basrelief that adorns the walls of buildings. One example is called. Lioness Gate
triangularbasreliefstonecrowningtheentrancegatetothestrongholdofMycenaean,showingtwolionheadrestingonthebase.
At Mycenae also produced gold funerary mask, from which the most famous is the Mask of Agamemnon, and adorned with gold jewelry and sculptural
vessels,suchasacupfromVafioshowingtetheringbulls.
27/35
24/02/2015
HISTORYOFSCULPTURE
Input"Gatewaylioness",Mycenae
Goldrhytonintheshapeofalion'shead,circlefuneraryAsixteenthcentury.BC
28/35
24/02/2015
HISTORYOFSCULPTURE
Portraitofawoman,polychromeconcrete,13001250BC,CentreAcropolisMykeskim
MycenaeangoldcupwithVafeio,Laconia,thefirsthalfofthefifteenthcentury.BC
29/35
24/02/2015
HISTORYOFSCULPTURE
Goldburialmaskso.MaskofAgamemnon,graveNo.V,thesixteenthcentury.BC,NationalArcheologicalMuseum,Athens
CYCLADES
Cycladiccultureflourishedaround2500BCanddevelopedtheproductionofceramicswithasquare,circularorspiraldecorativemotifs,andtheproductof
silver jewelry. But especially characteristic of this culture are the idols marble statues of various sizes and varying degrees of development of detail
fromthesimplest,evenprimitiveformstomorecomplexgeometricrepresentationsofpeople,includingmusiciansplayinginstruments.
TheendofCycladicartsetsavolcaniceruptionontheislandofTherainthefifteenthcenturyBC.
30/35
24/02/2015
HISTORYOFSCULPTURE
IdoloftheislandofKeros,27002300BC
IdolzAkrotiri,Santorini
31/35
24/02/2015
HISTORYOFSCULPTURE
Marblefemalecharacters
CharactersmusiciansfromthetombofKeros,c.2000BC
32/35
24/02/2015
HISTORYOFSCULPTURE
CRETE
TheBronzeAgelastedinCreteabout2700BC,theprepalace.Around 1900
BC began a period of old palaces, which completed the destruction of many
buildings in the earthquake around 1700 BC. The eruption on Thera
(Santorini) about 1600 BC destroyed the rebuilt culture. In the next "period
of new palaces" built the palace at Knossos, the Cretan magnificence ended
winningbyMycenaeabout1400BC.
In addition to the most famous center of Knossos on Crete there were a
numberofotherartcenters,suchasPhaistos,Zakros,Malia,AgiaTriada.
Cretansdespitethemurkymythologycreatedawonderful, colorful and light

art, whose character is largely defined unusual for those days the social
system the feature was not fortified palaces located among the city
buildings.PerhapsthatiswhytheMinoancultureisnotcreatedmonumental
sculptures. Were created and carefully developed valuable, sophisticated
jewelry and ornaments. An example of a cult statues chamber is the
"Goddess of snakes" and rhyton in the shape of a bull's head made of high
realismsculptureofgoldenhornsandcrystaleyes.
GoddessofsnakesadistinctivejerseyCretanwomenwithbaredbreasts.
33/35
24/02/2015
HISTORYOFSCULPTURE
Rytonwithgildedhornsandcrystaleyes.
34/35
24/02/2015
HISTORYOFSCULPTURE
1400BC
IntheabsenceofsourcematerialsisdifficulttodeterminewhydevelopingforalmosttwothousandyearsofculturefellAegeanSeaaround1200BC.It is
not known whether the cause was the socalled hypothetical invasion. maritime peoples who had not only destroy the area, but all the centers of the
Mediterranean,orthecollapseoccurredasaresultofinternalcrisisandconflictcausedbythechangesofcivilization.
ThefactisthatincontemporaryEuropeandtheMiddleEastforseveralcenturiesreignedregression,whichneithercausenorcoursewedonotknow.
Evenmoremysteriousisthatafteraboutdwustuletnimcrisis,thefirstsignsofrecoveryarenotinGreece,buttodayinthenorthofItaly(Villanovaculture,
andEtruscans),andafteranotherhundredyearsinAtticabegantohatchanarchaicGreekculturerepresentingthehistoryofthebeginning of an entirely
newera.Theperiodofdarkagesisthereforeaturningpointseparatingtheprehistoryandearlyantiquity(oursiteofthefirstperiodwecall it civilization)
fromwhatistheessenceofthecultureofantiquity.
Thedevelopmentofsculpturalartofantiquitytopresentonnextpage>>
35/35

History of Sculpture

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

History of Sculpture

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

24/02/2015

HISTORY OF SCULPTURE PREHISTORY AND EARLY CIVILIZATIONS

ThecharacteristicsofthegreatSumerianstatues,staring eyes, long beards

Cretansdespitethemurkymythologycreatedawonderful, colorful and light

You might also like