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CHAPTER -1 :- REAL NUMBERS

CBSE MATHS - X

KEY POINTS Euclids division lemma :

For given positive integers a and b there exist unique whole numbers q and r satisfying the relation
a = bq + r, 0 r < b.
Euclids division algorithms :
HCF of any two positive integers a and b. With a > b is obtained as follows:
Step 1 : Apply Euclids division lemma to a and b to find q and r such that a = bq + r , 0 r < b.
Step 2 : If r = 0, HCF (a, b) = b if r 0, apply Euclids lemma to b and r.
Step 3 : Continue the process till the remainder is zero. The divisor at this stage will be the required
HCF
The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic :
Every composite number can be expressed (factorized) as a product of primes and this factorization is
unique, apart from the order in which the prime factors occur.
Ex. 24 = 2 2 2 3 = 3 2 2 2

Let x= , 0 to be a rational number, such that the prime factorization of q is of the form 2 5 ,
where m, n are non-negative integers. Then x has a decimal expansion which is terminating.

Let x= , 0 to be a rational number, such that the prime factorization of q is not of the form 2 5 ,
where m, n are non-negative integers. Then x has a decimal expansion which is non-terminating
repeating.

p is irrational, when p is a prime. A number is called irrational if it cannot be written in the form of
where p and q are integers and q 0.

The decimal expansion of a rational number is either terminating or non-terminating recurring. Thus
we say that a number whose decimal expansion is either terminating or non-terminating recurring is a
rational number.
The decimal expansion of an irrational number is non-terminating non-recurring.
If r is rational and s is irrational then r+s, r-s, r.s are always irrational numbers but r/s may be rational
or irrational

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CHAPTER -1 :- REAL NUMBERS

Assignment HandoutLEVEL-1
Stage I
Q.1) Using Euclids division algorithm, find the HCF of:
(i) 210 and 55
(v) 1288 and 575

(ii) 117 and 65

(iii) 240 and 1024

(vi) 155 and 1385

(vii) 300, 540, 890

(iv) 391 and 425

Q.2) A merchant has 105 liters of oil of one kind, 140 liters of second kind and 175 liters of third kind. He
wants to sell the oil by filling the three kinds of oil in tins of equal capacity. What should be the
greatest capacity of such tin?
Q.3) Show that one and only one out of n, n + 2 or n + 4 is divisible by 3, where n is any positive integer.
Q.4) Express each of the following integers as the product of its prime factors:
(i) 60
(ii) 1386
(iii) 6435
(iv) 2184
(v) 8085
(vi) 14850
Q.5) Find LCM and HCF of the following pairs of integers and verify that
LCM HCF = Product of integers:
(i) 63 and 168

(ii) 144 and 160

(iii) 510 and 92

(iv) 252 and 488

Q.6) Find LCM and HCF of the following pairs of integers by applying prime factorization method:
(i) 12, 15 and 21

(ii) 15, 24 and 36

(iii) 225, 336 and 360

(iv) 240, 1024 and 1536

Q.7) The HCF and LCM of two numbers are 145 and 2175 respectively. If one of these numbers is 725, find
the other number.
Q.8) The product of two numbers is 20736 and their HCF is 54. Find their LCM.
Q.9) The LCM of two numbers is 192 and their product is 3072. Find their HCF.
Q.10) Show that the following numbers are irrational:
(i) 5

(ii) 2+3

(iii) 45

(vi) 2+35

(v) 2 + 3

(iv) 35

(vii) 355

(viii)

1
2

Q.11) Without actually performing the long division, state whether the following rational number will have
terminating decimal expansion or a non-terminating repeating decimal expansion:
13

(i) 121

57

(ii) 128

19

108

(iii) 45

(iv) 250

113

517

(v) 175

(vi) 2000

Q.12) Write down the decimal expansions of the following rational numbers by writing their denominators
in the form 2 5 where m, n are non-negative integers.
5

(i) 8

17

(ii) 125

13

(iii) 80

123

(iv) 625

Q.13) The decimal expansion of the number

43
24 53

(v)

7014
400

17

(vi) 2000

will terminate after how many places of decimals

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LEVEL
Stage 2 II
Q.14) If the H C F of 657 and 963 is expressible in the form of 657x + 963x - 15 find x.
Q.15) Express the GCD of 48 and 18 as a linear combination.
Q.16) Prove that one of every three consecutive integers is divisible by 3.
Q.17) Find the largest possible positive integer that will divide 398, 436, and 542 leaving remainder 7, 11,
15 respectively.
Q.18) Find the least number that is divisible by all numbers between 1 and 10 (both inclusive).
Q.19) Show that 571 is a prime number.
Q.20) If d is the HCF of 30, 72, find the value of x & y satisfying d = 30x + 72y.
Q.21) Show that the product of 3 consecutive positive integers is divisible by 6.
Q.22) Show that for odd positive integer to be a perfect square, it should be of the form 8k +1.
Q.23) Find the greatest number of 6 digits exactly divisible by 24, 15 and 36.

Q.24) If a and b are positive integers. Show that 2 always lies between and

2
+

Q.25) Two milk containers contains 398 l and 436 l of milk. The milk is to be transferred to another
container with the help of a drum. While transferring to another container 7l and 11l of milk is left in both
the containers respectively. What will be the maximum capacity of the drum?

ANSWERS:1) (i) 5

(ii) 13

(iii) 16

4) (i) 22 3 5

2) 35

(i) 3 5 72 11
(iv) 30744, 4
9) 16

(iv) 17

(v) 23

(vi) 5

(ii) 2 32 7 11

(ii) 2 33 52 11
6) (i) 420, 3

(ii) 360, 3

(vii) 10

(iii) 32 5 11 13
5) (i) 504, 21
(iii) 25200, 3

(iv) 23 3 7 13

(ii) 1440, 16
(iv) 15260, 16

(iii) 23460, 2
7) 435

8) 384

11) (i), (iii), (v) have non-terminating repeating and (ii), (iv), (vi) have terminating decimal expansion

12. (i) 0.625

14) x = 22

(ii) 0.136
15) Not unique

(iii) 0.1625
17) 17

(iv) 0.1968
18) 2520

(v) 17.535

(vi) 0.0085

19) 5, -2 (Not unique)

13) 4 places

23) 999720

25) 17

Classes on various Entrances and JEE oriented approach to IX to XII Maths , Physics & Chemistry

By :- Agnihotri sir, B. E. (Hons), M.Tech. (7415712500) B.T.I. Road Sherpura, Vidisha

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