საქართველოს სამოქალაქო საპროცესო კოდექსის კომენტარი - თენგიზ ლილუაშვილი, ვალერი ხრუსტალი PDF

Tengiz liluaSvili
valeri xrustali
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo
saproceso kodeqsis
komentari
miRebulia 1997 wlis 14 noembers.
amoqmedda 1999 wlis 15 maisidan.
(2007 wlis 1 Tebervlis mdgomareobiT)
meore gadamuSavebuli da Sesworebuli

gamocema
gamomcemloba `samarTali~
Tbilisi 2007
Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali
komentari moamzades:
Tengiz liluaSvilma, valeri xrustalma

gamomcemloba `samarTali~
ISBN 978-99940-807-3-1
II
samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari
pirveli gamocemis
winaTqma
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi, romelic amoqmedda 1999 wlis 15 maisidan, agebulia dispoziciurobisa da SejibrebiTobis principebis sruli gaTvaliswinebiT da Seicavs iseT normebsac, romlebic adre moqmed samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsTan
SedarebiT gansxvavebulad awesrigeben ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebas, samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilvasTan
dakavSirebiT wamoWril saproceso urTierTobebs. am
axali normebis WeSmariti azrisa da Sinaarsis garkvevaSi daxmarebis aRmoCenis mizniT, jer kidev kodeqsis amoqmedebis sawyis etapze gamoica Tengiz liluaSvilis praqtikuli saxelmZRvanelo `samoqalaqo
saqmeTa warmoeba sasamarTloSi~, aseve Tengiz liluaSvilis da valeri xrustalis praqtikuli saxelmZRvanelo `saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos praqtika udavo warmoebis wesiT iuridiuli faqtebis dadgenis Sesaxeb, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso
kodeqsis 310-316-e muxlebis komentari~, romlebic
samoqalaqo procesis calkeuli institutebis mixedviT komentars warmoadgens. miuxedavad amisa, samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis gamoyenebis praqtikam
gviCvena muxlobrivi komentaris SemuSavebisa da gamocemis mizanSewoniloba da aucilebloba.
komentarze muSaobis dros erT-erTi yvelaze rTuli problema, romelic avtorebis winaSe idga, esaa im
sakiTxebis rac SeiZleba zustad da amomwuravad gansazRvra, romlebic SeiZleba wamoiWras ama Tu im muxlis gamoyenebisas. yvelaze qmediTi daxmareba am problemis daZlevaSi SeeZlo sasamarTlo praqtikas, romlis monacemebs iTvaliswineben avtorebi. amasTan erTad, cxovrebam SeiZleba iseTi sakiTxebic wamoWras,
III
romelTa gaTvaliswineba yovelTvis araa SesaZlebeli.

yoveli SeniSvna, winadadeba Tu rekomendacia, romlebsac mkiTxveli mogvawvdis, dagvexmareba Semdgomi gamocemis momzadebisas da avtorebis mier didi madlierebiT iqneba miRebuli.
wigni gaTvaliswinebulia mosamarTleebisaTvis,
advokatebisaTvis, iuridiuli umaRlesi saswavleblebis studentebisaTvis, aspirantebisa da pedagogebisaTvis, agreTve, samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoebiT
dainteresebuli pirebisaTvis.
IV
meore gamocemis winaTqma
am komentaris pirveli gamocemidan arc ise didi

droa gasuli, magram samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsSi
Setanili iqna mravali cvlileba da damateba. es
cvlilebebi da damatebebi ganpirobebuli iyo
ZiriTadad calkeul saproceso moqmedebaTa
Sesrulebisa da, mTlianad, samoqalaqo saqmis
sasamarTloSi warmoebis gamartivebiT, xarveziT
kanonmdeblobaSi, romelic gamovlinda samoqalaqo
saproceso kodeqsis normaTa praqtikulad
gamoyenebis procesSi, cvlilebebiT sasamarTlo
sistemaSi, kerZod saolqo sasamarTloebis gauqmebiT
da raionuli sasamarTloebis gamsxvilebiT,
magistrati mosamarTlis Tanamdebobis SemoRebiT. rig
SemTxvevaSi samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsSi Setanili
iqna principuli xasiaTis cvlilebebi, rogoricaa
magaliTad sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis sruliad
axali wanamZRvrebis sakanonmdeblo wesiT
damkvidreba, cvlilebebi kerZo saCivris ganxilvis
wesebSi da a.S. cvlilebebi Seexo aramarto calkeul
muxlebs da am muxlebiT damkvidrebul debulebebs.
kodeqsSi Sevida axali Tavebi, rogoricaa Tavi XLI1,
dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgena da Tavi XLIV1.
warmoeba reketuli, qurduli samyaros wevris an
adamianiT movaWris qonebis CamorTmevisa da
saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemasTan dakavSirebiT.
samwuxarod unda aRiniSnos isic, rom zogierTi
cvlileba da damateba ar iyo yovelmxriv da
srulyofilad gaazrebuli proeqtis avtorebis mier,
razec
naTlad
metyvelebs
kanonmdeblis
dausrulebeli zrunva kvlav Seitanos cvlileba da
damateba iseT muxlebSi, romlebmac sul exlaxan

ganicades aseTi cvlileba.
am komentaris avtorebs miaCniaT, rom SeiZleba arc
es komentari aRmoCndes mTlad unaklo da uxarvezo,
magram darwmunebuli varT, igi garkveul daxmarebas
aRmouCens sasamarTlos da sxva praqtikul
dawesebulebaTa muSakebs samoqalaqo saproceso
kodeqsis calkeuli normebisa da debulebebis azrisa
da Sinaarsis sworad gagebaSi.
gamovTqvamT imeds, rom mkiTxveli mogvawvdis Tavis
SeniSvnebsa da winadadebebs, rac did daxmarebas
gagviwevs Semdgomi gamocemis momzadebisas da
madlierebiT iqneba miRebuli avtorebis mier.
VI
Sinaarsi
pirveli gamocemis winaTqma ............................................... IV
meore gamocemis winaTqma .................................................... VI
Sinaarsi ............................................................................ VIII-XXIX
wigni pirveli
zogadi debulebani .................................................... 1
kari pirveli
sasamarTlo ....................................................................... 1
T a v i
samarTalwarmoebis ZiriTadi debulebani ........1

muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
gamoyenebis sfero ................................................................. 1

uflebis sasamarTlo wesiT dacva ................................. 3
dispoziciurobis principi .............................................. 3
SejibrebiTobis principi .................................................. 7
marTlmsajulebis ganxorcieleba mxolod sasamarTlos mier moqalaqeTa Tanasworobis
sawyisebze ................................................................................9
6. mosamarTleTa damoukidebloba da maTi
kanonisadmi damorCileba ................................................. 10
7. kanonisa da samarTlis analogia ................................. 13
8. gadawyvetilebis gamotana saqarTvelos saxeliT 16
9. samoqalaqo procesis saqveynooba da
samarTalwarmoebis ena ...................................................... 16
10. sasamrTlo gadawyvetilebaTa savaldebulooba 20
T a v i
II
uwyebrivi qvemdebareoba ........................................ 22

muxli 11. samoqalaqo saqmeebis uwyebrivi daqvemdebareba
sasamarTloebisadmi ......................................................... 22
muxli 12. davis gadacema gansaxilvelad arbitraJisaTvis 24
T a v i
III
gansjadoba ..................................................................... 27
VII
muxli 13. raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos gansjadi

samoqalaqo saqmeebi .......................................................... 27
muxli 14. magistrat mosamarTleTa gansjadi samoqalaqo
saqmeebi ................................................................................... 29
muxli 15. saerTo gansjadoba ........................................................... 32
muxli 16. gansakuTrebuli gansjadoba ....................................... 36
muxli 17. sarCelis aRZvra mopasuxis mimarT, romelsac
saqarTveloSi ar aqvs sacxovrebeli adgili
(qonebrivi gansjadoba) ................................................... 39
muxli 18. nivTobrivi gansjadoba .................................................. 40
muxli 19. ojaxuri davebis gansjadoba ....................................... 41
muxli 20. gansjadoba mosarCelis arCeviT ................................ 42
muxli 21. SeTanxmeba gansjadobis Sesaxeb ................................. 43
muxli 22. gansjadobis wesebis dacviT miRebuli saqmis
ganxilva ................................................................................. 45
muxli 23. saqmis gadacema gansjadi sasamarTlosaTvis ....... 46
muxli 24. gansjadobis Sesaxeb davis dauSvebloba ................ 48
T a v i
IV
sasamarTlos Semadgenloba. acileba ........... 49

muxli 25. sasamarTlos Semadgenloba .......................................... 49
muxli 26. gansakuTrebiT rTuli kategoriis saqmeTa
ganxilvis wesi. .................................................................... 50
muxli 27. kolegiuri sasamarTlos mier sakiTxebis
gadawyvetis wesi .................................................................. 53
muxli 28. TaTbiris saidumloeba ................................................... 55
muxli 29. saqmis ganxilvaSi mosamarTlis ganmeorebiT
monawileobis dauSvebloba ........................................... 56
muxli 30. sasamarTlos SemadgenlobaSi axlo naTesavebis
daSvebis akrZalva ............................................................... 57
muxli 31. mosamarTlis acilebis sxva safuZvlebi ................ 58
muxli 32. TviTacileba ........................................................................ 61
muxli 33. mxareTa gancxadeba acilebis Sesaxeb ...................... 61
muxli 34. gancxadebuli acilebis gadawyvetis wesi ............. 63
muxli 35. eqspertis, Tarjimnis, specialistis, sxdomis
mdivnis acilebis safuZveli ........................................ 68
muxli 36. acilebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganCinebis
gasaCivreba ........................................................................... 69
T a v i
procesis xarjebi ........................................................ 70

muxli 37. cnebaTa gansazRvra .......................................................... 70
muxli 38. saxelmwifo baJi ................................................................ 71
muxli 39. saxelmwifo baJis odenoba ............................................ 72
VIII
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
40. davis saganis Rirebuleba ............................................. 76

41. davis sagnis fasis gansazRvris wesi ......................... 78
42. davis sagnis fasis winaswar gansazRvra .................. 81
43. amoRebulia .......................................................................... 82
44. saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi ....... 82
45. mowmeebis, eqspertebis, specialistebisa da
TarjimnisaTvis gadasaxdeli Tanxebi ...................... 84
46. sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan
gaTavisufleba ................................................................87
47. sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan
gaTavisufleba sasamarTlos mier .............................. 92
48. sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdis gadadeba da maTi
odenobis Semcireba ........................................................... 94
49. saxelmwifo baJis odenobis Semcireba .................... 95
50. adgilze daTvalierebiT gamowveuli xarjebis
anazRaureba .......................................................................... 97
51. mopasuxisa da movalis moZebna ................................... 98
52. mxaris mier sasamarTlo xarjebis winaswari
Setana ...................................................................................... 99
53.sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawileba mxareTa Soris100
54. sasamarTlo xarjebisa da advokatis daxmarebis
gamo gadasaxdeli xarjebis ganawileba sarCelze
uaris Tqmisa da morigebisas ....................................... 103
55. saxelmwifosaTvis sasamarTlo xarjebis
anazRaureba ....................................................................... 104
56. amoRebulia ........................................................................ 105
T a v i
VI
saproceso uzrunvelyofa ................................... 106

muxli 57. uzrunvelyofis garantia ........................................... 106
muxli 58. uzrunvelyofis safuZvlis moxsna .......................... 108
T a v i
VII
saproceso vadebi ...................................................... 110

muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis vada ............... 110

saproceso vadis gamoTvla ......................................... 112
saproceso vadis damTavreba ..................................... 114
saproceso vadis SeCereba ........................................... 115
saproceso vadis gasvlis Sedegebi .......................... 116
saproceso vadis gagrZeleba ..................................... 117
saproceso vadis aRdgena ............................................. 118
gancxadeba saproceso vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb .. 119
saproceso vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb gancxadebis
forma da Sinaarsi ........................................................... 120
IX
muxli 68. saproceso vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb gancxadebis

ganxilva .............................................................................. 120
muxli 69. saproceso vadis aRgenasTan dakavSirebuli
sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdevineba ...................... 121
T a v i
VIII
sasamarTlo Setyobineba da dabareba ........ 122

muxli 70. sasamarTlo uwyeba ............................................................ 122
muxli 71. sasamarTlo uwyebis Cabareba ......................................... 125
muxli 72. sasamarTlo uwyebis Sinaarsi .................................... 127
muxli 73. sasamarTlo uwyebis gagzavna .................................... 128
muxli 74. Setyobineba adresatis aryofnis SemTxvevaSi ... 132
muxli 75. uwyebis miRebaze uaris Tqma ...................................... 134
muxli 76. misamarTis Secvla saqmis warmoebis dros .......... 135
muxli 77. uwyebis Cabareba TanamonawilisaTvis ................... 136
muxli 78. mopasuxis adgilsamyoflis daudgenloba ........... 137
uwyebis Cabarebulad CaTvlis safuZvlebi da dro
komentaris avtorTa rekomendaciebi ............ 138-141
kari meore
mxareebi .......................................................................... 142
T a v i
IX
mxareTa saproceso uflebaunarianoba da

qmedunarianoba ................................................... 142
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
79. mxareebi samoqalaqo procesSi ................................. 142

80. samoqalaqo saproceso uflebaunarianoba ......... 144
81. samoqalaqo saproceso qmedunarianoba ............... 146
811. arasrulwlovanis ufleba dacvaze ....................... 149
82. qmeduunaro mxaris saproceso warmomadgeneli
procesSi (saproceso mzrunveli) ............................. 149
83. mxareTa saproceso uflebebi .................................... 152
831 mosarCelis mier sarCelis gamoxmoba ...................155
84. arasaTanado mosarCelis Secvla ............................. 157
85. arasaTanado mopasuxis Secvla ................................ 160
T a v i X
saproceso Tanamonawileoba .............................. 162
muxli 86. Tanamonawileobis safuZvlebi ................................. 162
muxli 87. TanamonawileTa saproceso uflebebi ................... 166
T a v i
XI
mesame pirebi ................................................................ 168

X
muxli 88. mesame pirebi damoukidebeli sasarCelo

moTxovniT ........................................................................... 168
muxli 89. mesame pirebi damoukidebeli sasarCelo
moTxovnis gareSe ............................................................. 170
muxli 90. mesame piris Cabma saqmeSi erT-erTi mxaris
iniciativiT ....................................................................... 173
muxli 91. mesame pirebis saproceso uflebebi ....................... 175
muxli 92. saproceso uflebamonacvleoba ............................... 175
T a v i
XII
warmomadgenloba sasamarTloSi ..................... 182

muxli 93. saqmis warmoeba warmomadgenlis meSveobiT ........ 182
muxli 94. pirebi, romlebic SeiZleba iyvnen
warmomadgenlebad sasamarTloSi ............................. 184
muxli 95. pirebi, romlebic ar SeiZleba iyvnen
warmomadgenlebad sasamarTloSi ............................. 186
muxli 96. warmomadgenlis uflebamosilebis gaformeba .. 186
muxli 97. sasamarTlos uari im piris warmomadgenlad
daSvebaze, romelic ar aris advokati .................... 190
muxli 98. warmomadgenlis uflebamosileba ........................... 191
muxli 99. warmomadgenlis uflebamosilebis Sewyveta
marwmuneblis mier .......................................................... 194
muxli 100. warmomadgenlis uari Tavis
uflebamosilebaze
.....................................................195
muxli 101. kanonieri warmomadgenlebi ..................................... 196
kari mesame
sasamarTlo mtkicebulebebi .............................. 200
T a v i
XIII
mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba da Sefaseba ...... 200

muxli 102. mtkicebis tvirTi. mtkicebulebaTa
dasaSveboba ....................................................................... 200
muxli 103. mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba ...................................... 204
muxli 104. mtkicebulebaTa miuRebloba .................................. 205
muxli 105. mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba ......................................... 207
muxli 106. faqtebi, romlebic ar saWiroeben mtkicebas ... 209
muxli 107. sasamarTlo davalebani ............................................. 211
muxli 108. sasamarTlo davalebis Sesrulebis wesi ............ 213
T a v i
XIV
mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa ...................... 215

muxli 109. Suamdgomloba mtkicebulebaTa
uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ............................................. 215
XI
muxli 110. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa sasamarTloSi

saqmis aRZvramde ........................................................... 216
muxli 111. gancxadeba mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis
Sesaxeb ................................................................................ 217
muxli 112. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb
gancxadebis Sinaarsi .................................................. 218
muxli 113. sasamarTlos ganCineba mtkicebulebaTa
uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ............................................ 220
muxli 114. specialistis monawileoba mtkicebulebaTa
uzrunvelyofis dros ............................................... 221
muxli 115. mxareTa monawileoba mtkicebulebaTa
uzrunvelyofaSi .......................................................... 222
muxli 116. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis wesiT
Sekrebili masalebis sasamarTloSi gadagzavna 223
muxli 117. mtkicebulebaTa ganmeorebiTi an damatebiTi
uzrunvelyofa .............................................................. 224
muxli 118. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelsayofad gaweuli
xarjebis anazRaurebis wesi .................................... 225
muxli 119. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb
gamotanili ganCinebis gasaCivreba ...................... 226
T a v i
XV
adgilze daTvaliereba ......................................... 227

muxli 120. nivTieri da werilobiTi mtkicebulebebis
adgilze daTvaliereba ............................................... 227
muxli 121. sasamarTlos ganCineba adgilze
daTvalierebis Sesaxeb .............................................. 228
muxli 122. adgilze daTvalierebis Catareba ......................... 230
muxli 123. specialistis monawileoba adgilze
daTvalierebaSi .............................................................. 230
muxli 124. daTvalierebaSi monawile pirTa uflebamovaleobebi ..................................................................... 231
muxli 125. daTvalierebis oqmis Sinaarsi ................................ 232
muxli 126. daTvalierebasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis
dafarva .............................................................................. 233
T a v i XVI
mxareTa axsna-ganmarteba ..................................... 234
muxli 127. mxareTa axsna-ganmartebis miReba ......................... 234
muxli 128. mosamarTleTa SekiTxvebi ......................................... 236
muxli 129. pirebi, romlebisganac ar SeiZleba axsnaganmartebis miReba ....................................................... 238
muxli 130. axsna-ganmartebis miReba erT-erTi mxaris
gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi ............................... 239
muxli 131. aRiareba ............................................................................ 240
XII
muxli 132. mxareTa aRiarebis forma .......................................... 242

muxli 133. aRiarebis gaqarwyleba mxaris mier ...................... 243
T a v i
XVII
werilobiTi mtkicebuleba .................................. 245

muxli 134. werilobiTi mtkicebulebebi da maTi
wardgenis wesi ................................................................ 245
muxli 135. werilobiTi mtkicebulebis dednis wardgena .. 247
muxli 136. sasamarTlosaTvis werilobiTi mtkicebulebebis
wardgenis savaldebulooba ...................................... 248
muxli 137. gancxadeba sabuTis siyalbis Sesaxeb .................. 251
muxli 138. werilobiT mtkicebulebaTa amonaweris wardgena
da maTi daTvaliereba Senaxvis adgilze .............. 254
muxli 139. dedani sabuTebis Senaxva da dabruneba .............. 254
T a v i XVIII
mowmeTa Gveneba .......................................................... 256
muxli 140. mowmis gamoZaxeba .......................................................... 256
muxli 141. pirebi, romlebic ar SeiZleba dakiTxul iqnen
mowmed ................................................................................ 257
muxli 142. Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis ufleba ................ 258
muxli 143. Cvenebis micemis valdebuleba Cvenebis micemaze
uaris Tqmis uflebis miuxedavad ........................... 259
muxli 144. mowmis movaleoba daasabuTos uaris Tqma
Cvenebis micemaze ............................................................ 261
muxli 145. mowmis movaleoba .......................................................... 262
muxli 146. mowmis ufleba ................................................................ 263
muxli 147. mowmis dakiTxva mis adgilsamyofelze ............... 264
muxli 148. mowmis dakiTxva ............................................................. 265
muxli 149. mowmis ganmeorebiT dakiTxva. mowmeTa
dapirispireba .................................................................. 267
muxli 150. mowmis mier CanawerebiT sargebloba ................... 268
muxli 151. uaris Tqma mowmis dakiTxvaze ................................. 269
muxli 152. arasrulwlovani mowmis dakiTxva ......................... 269
muxli 153. mowmis mier ficis dadeba .......................................... 270
T a v i
XIX
nivTieri mtkicebuleba ......................................... 274

muxli 154. nivTieri mtkicebulebani, maTi gamoTxovisa da
wardgenis wesi ................................................................. 274
muxli 155. sasamarTlo, romelsac unda waredginos
nivTieri mtkicebuleba ................................................ 275
muxli 156. nivTieri mtkicebulebis wardgenis movaleoba 276
XIII
muxli 157. mxaris mier nivTieri mtkicebulebis

wardgenaze uaris Tqma .................................................. 278
muxli 158. nivTier mtkicebulebaTa Semowmeba ...................... 279
muxli 159. nivTier mtkicebulebaTa adgilze
daTvaliereba ................................................................. 280
muxli 160. nivTier mtkicebulebaTa Senaxva ........................... 281
muxli 161. nivTier mtkicebulebaTa dabruneba .................... 282
T a v i
XX
eqspertis daskvna ..................................................... 284

muxli
muxli
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muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
eqspertizis daniSvna .................................................. 284

ganCineba eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb ............ 286
ramdenime eqspertis daniSvna ................................. 288
eqspertizis Catarebis adgili ............................... 289
eqspertizis Catarebis wesi specialur
saeqsperto dawesebulebaSi ....................................... 289
167. eqspertizis Catareba arasaeqsperto
dawesebulebaSi ............................................................... 290
168. eqspertis uflebebi da movaleobebi ................... 291
169. eqspertizis CatarebisaTvis saWiro
masalebis Segroveba ...................................................... 294
170. eqspertis daskvnis forma da Sinaarsi ................ 295
171. eqspertis daskvnis Semowmeba. eqspertisaTvis
SekiTxvis micemis wesi .................................................. 297
172. eqspertis daskvnis Sefaseba .................................... 298
173. damatebiTi da ganmeorebiTi eqspertizis
daniSvna .............................................................................. 299
174. eqspertizis masalebis dabruneba
sasamarTlosaTvis ......................................................... 300
175. ficis dadeba eqspertis mier ................................... 301
176. eqspertis gasamrjelo ............................................... 302
wigni meore
saqmeebis warmoeba pirveli instanciis
sasamarTloSi ............................................................. 304
kari meoTxe
sasarCelo warmoeba ................................................. 304
T a v i
XXI
saqmeebis ganxilva pirveli instanciiT ...... 304

muxli 177. saqmis aRZvra .................................................................. 304
muxli 178. sarCelis Sinaarsi ........................................................ 305
XIV
muxli 179. sarCelisa da TandarTuli sabuTebis aslebi .. 309

muxli 180. aRiarebiTi sarCeli ..................................................... 310
muxli 181. sarCeli valdebulebebis momavalSi Sesrulebis
Sesaxeb ................................................................................ 312
muxli 182. ramdenime sasarCelo moTxovnis gaerTianeba da
gamoyofa ........................................................................... 313
muxli 183. sarCelis miRebis Sesaxeb ganCinebis
gamotanis vada .............................................................. 317
muxli 184. sarCelisa da TandarTuli dokumentebis
aslebis gadagzavna mopasuxisaTvis ....................... 318
muxli 185. xarvezis Sesaxeb ganCineha da sarCelis ukan
dabruneba ......................................................................... 320
muxli 186. sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqma ................................ 321
muxli 187. ganCineba sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis
Sesaxeb ................................................................................ 326
T a v i XXII
Segebebuli sarGeli ................................................. 329
muxli 188. Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvra ................................... 329
muxli 189. Segebebuli sarCelis miRebis pirobebi .............. 331
muxli 190. saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba Segebebuli sarCelis
aRZvris gamo ................................................................... 334
T a v i
XXIII
sarGelis uzrunvelyofa ....................................... 335

muxli 191. gancxadeba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb . 335
muxli 192. gancxadeba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb
sasamarTloSi sarCelis aRZvramde ......................... 338
muxli 193. gancxadebis ganxilvis wesi ...................................... 339
muxli 194. ganCineba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ..... 340
muxli 195. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCinebis
aRsruleba ........................................................................ 342
muxli 196. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis erTi saxis Secvla
meoriT .............................................................................. 343
muxli 197. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCinebis
gasaCivreba ...................................................................... 344
muxli 1971. sasamarTlos mier saCivris warmoebaSi miReba da
ganxilva, saCivrisa da saqmis masalebis
gadagzavna zemdgom sasamarTloSi ........................ 346
muxli 198. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebebi ............. 350
muxli 199. sarCelis uzrunvelyofiT gamowveuli zaralis
anazRaureba .................................................................... 353
muxli 1991. sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT uzrunvelyofis
RonisZiebis gauqmeba ................................................... 356
XV
T a v i
XXIV
saqmis momzadeba sasamarTlos mTavar

sxdomaze gansaxilvelad ...................................... 358
muxli 200. saqmis momzadebis mizani ........................................... 358
muxli 201. sasamarTlos davalebebi mopasuxisadmi ............ 360
muxli 202. mopasuxis werilobiTi pasuxis gadagzavna
mosarCelisaTvis ............................................................ 362
muxli 203. moqmedeba, romelsac asrulebs mosamarTle
saqmis momzadebis mizniT ........................................... 364
muxli 204. specialistis mowveva ................................................. 367
muxli 205. mosamzadebeli sxdomis daniSvna ........................... 369
muxli 206. mxareTa movaleoba ....................................................... 370
muxli 207. ganCineba saqmis sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze
ganxilvis Sesaxeb ........................................................... 371
muxli 208. ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb .. 373
muxli 209. saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta da sarCelis
(gancxadebis) ganuxilvelad datoveba saqmis
momzadebis dros ............................................................ 374
T a v i
XXV
sasamarTlos mTavari sxdoma ............................. 376

muxli 210. sasamarTlos mTavari sxdomis dawyeba ................ 376
muxli 211. wesrigis dacvis mizniT mosamarTlis
miTiTebaTa savaldebulooba ................................... 378
muxli 212. sasamarTloSi wesrigis darRvevisaTvis
pasuxismgebloba ............................................................ 379
muxli 213. TarjimnisaTvis misi movaleobis ganmarteba .. 386
muxli 214. sasamarTlo Semadgenlobis gamocxadeba da
acilebis uflebis ganmarteba ................................. 387
muxli 215. mxareTa Suamdgomlobebisa da gancxadebebis
ganxilva ............................................................................ 389
muxli 216. saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba da gagrZeleba .......... 393
muxli 217. saqmis ganxilvis dawyeba ........................................... 396
muxli 2171. magistrat mosamarTleTa gansjadi samoqalaqo
saqmeebis ganxilva ........................................................ 399
muxli 218. moqmedeba romelsac asrulebs mosamarTle
mxareTa morigebis mizniT ......................................... 401
muxli 219. axal garemoebebze miTiTeba .................................... 402
muxli 220. axsna-ganmartebis miReba gamocxadebuli
pirisagan ........................................................................... 403
muxli 221. mxareTa SekiTxvebi ....................................................... 404
muxli 222. mosamarTleTa SekiTxvebi ......................................... 405
muxli 223. mxareTa Sejibrebis xelmZRvaneloba .................. 405
XVI
muxli 224. mosarCelis mier sarCelis Secvlisa da

mopasuxis mier Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvris
Sesaxeb sakiTxebis gadawyvetis wesi ........................ 407
muxli 225. warmodgenil mtkicebulebaTa Semowmeba ........... 408
muxli 226. mtkicebulebaTa Semowmebis damTavreba ............ 409
muxli 227. mxareTa paeqroba .......................................................... 410
muxli 228. replika ............................................................................. 411
T a v i
XXVI
dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba ............................ 413

muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
229.
230.
231.
232.
mosarCelis gamoucxadebloba ................................ 413

mopasuxis gamoucxadebloba .................................... 415
orive mxaris gamoucxadebloba .............................. 418
sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamocxadebuli mxaris
uari monawileoba miiRos saqmis ganxilvaSi ...... 419
233. sasamarTlos dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis
gamotanis dauSvebloba .............................................. 420
234. dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis Sinaarsi ............ 422
235. gadawyvetilebis aslis gagzavna ............................ 423
236. dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gasaCivreba ...... 423
237. dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis
vada ..................................................................................... 424
238. saCivris Sinaarsi .......................................................... 424
239. sasamarTlos moqmedeba saCivris miRebis
Semdeg ................................................................................. 426
240. axali gadawyvetileba ................................................ 427
241. dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis
safuZvlebi ...................................................................... 430
242. ganmeorebiTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba ..... 431
T a v i
XXVII
sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba .............................. 432

muxli 243. saboloo gadawyvetileba .......................................... 432
muxli 244. sakiTxebi, romlebic unda gadawydes
gadawyvetilebis gamotanis dros .......................... 433
muxli 245. nawilobrivi gadawyvetileba .................................. 434
muxli 246. winaswari (Sualeduri) gadawyvetileba ............. 436
muxli 247. gadawyvetilebis Camoyalibeba ............................... 437
muxli 248. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis farglebi ........ 438
muxli 249. gadawyvetilebis Sinaarsi ......................................... 439
muxli 250. gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis
Camoyalibeba ................................................................... 443
muxli 251. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis wesisa da vadis
gansazRvra. aRsrulebis uzrunvelyofa .............. 444
XVII
muxli 252. gadawyvetileba iuridiuli pirisagan fuladi

Tanxebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb ............................. 444
muxli 253. gadawyvetileba qonebis mikuTvnebis an misi
Rirebulebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb .................... 445
muxli 254. gadawyvetileba, romelic mopasuxes avalebs
gansazRvruli moqmedebis Sesrulebas ................. 446
muxli 255. gadawyvetileba saxelmwifo organoebis,
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis,
sazogadoebrivi organizaciebisa da
Tanamdebobis pirebis moqmedebebisa da
gadawyvetilebebis arakanonierebis Sesaxeb ...... 447
muxli 256. gadawyvetileba ramdenime mosarCelis
sasargeblod an ramdenime mopasuxis winaaRmdeg 449
muxli 257. gadawyvetilebis gamotanis gadadeba ................. 450
muxli 258. amoRebulia ...................................................................... 453
muxli 259. gadawyvetilebis aslebis gagzavna
mxareebisaTvis ................................................................ 453
muxli 260. gadawyvetilebaSi usworobaTa da aSkara
ariTmetikuli Secdomebis gasworeba .................... 454
muxli 261. damatebiTi gadawyvetileba ..................................... 455
muxli 262. gadawyvetilebis ganmarteba .................................... 459
muxli 263. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis gadadeba an
ganawilvadeba, aRsrulebis saSualebisa da wesis
Secvla ................................................................................ 461
T a v i
XXVIII
sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis kanonieri

Zala. gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv
aRsruleba ..................................................................... 464
muxli 264. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi
Sesvla ................................................................................ 464
muxli 265. kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebis
gauqmeba an Secvla ........................................................ 466
muxli 266. gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi
Sesvlis Sedegebi ............................................................. 467
muxli 267. gadawyvetilebis iZulebiTi aRsruleba ............ 468
muxli 2671. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebasTan
dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis ganxilvis da
gadawyvetis wesi ............................................................ 469
muxli 2672. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis
Sebruneba ......................................................................... 470
muxli 268. dauyovnebliv aRsasrulebeli
gadawyvetilebebi ......................................................... 472
muxli 269. gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsruleba ..... 475
XVIII
muxli 270. dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos

ganCinebis gasaCivreba ................................................ 476
muxli 271. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis uzrunvelyofa . 476
T a v i
XXIX
saqmis warmoebis damTavreba

gadawyvetilebis gamotanis gareSe................ 478
muxli 272. saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta ......................................... 478
muxli 273. ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb .. 481
muxli 274. saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb ganCinebis
gasaCivreba ...................................................................... 482
muxli 275. sarCelis ganuxilvelad datoveba ........................ 483
muxli 276. sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb
sasamarTlo ganCinebis gasaCivreba ........................ 486
muxli 277. xandazmulobis vadis dadgena sarCelis
ganuxilvelad datovebis dros ............................... 487
muxli 278. ganuxilvelad datovebuli sarCelis
ganmeorebiT wardgena .................................................. 487
T a v i
XXX
saqmis warmoebis SeGereba .................................... 488

muxli 279. sasamarTlos movaleoba SeaCeros saqmis
warmoeba ............................................................................ 488
muxli 280. sasamarTlos ufleba SeaCeros saqmis
warmoeba ........................................................................ 491
muxli 281. saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis vadebi ........................ 493
muxli 282. sasamarTlo ganCinebis gasaCivreba ...................... 495
muxli 283. saqmis warmoebis ganaxleba ...................................... 495
T a v i
XXXI
sasamarTlo ganGineba ............................................ 497

muxli 284. ganCinebis gamotana ..................................................... 497
muxli 285. ganCinebis Sinaarsi ...................................................... 500
muxli 286. ganCinebis aslebis gadagzavna mxareebisaTvis 501
T a v i
XXXII
sasamarTlo oqmi ....................................................... 502

muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
287.
288.
289.
290.
291.
oqmis Sedgenis savaldebulooba ........................... 502

oqmis Sinaarsi ................................................................ 503
oqmis Sedgenisa da gaformebis wesi ...................... 505
magnitur firze Cawerili oqmi ............................... 507
SeniSvnebi sxdomis oqmTan dakavSirebiT ........... 507
XIX
kari mexuTe
gamartivebuli warmoeba ....................................... 509
T a v i
XXXIII
Tamasuqisa da Gekis Taobaze aRZruli

sarGelebis ganxilva ................................................ 509
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
292.
293.
294.
295.
dasaSveboba ...................................................................... 509

Tamasuqis wardgena ...................................................... 510
gansjadoba ....................................................................... 511
vada uwyebis Cabarebidan sasamarTlo
sxdomamde ......................................................................... 511
296. mtkicebulebebi ............................................................. 512
297. gamartivebuli wesiT saqmis ganxilvaze
uaris Tqma ........................................................................ 513
298. sarCelebis SeerTebisa da Segebebuli
sarCelebis aRZvris dauSvebloba ........................... 513
299. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis daTqma .............. 514
300. saqmis damatebiTi warmoeba ..................................... 515
301. Cekis Taobaze aRZruli saqmeebis warmoeba ...... 516
T a v i
XXXIV
davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb saqmis

ganxilvis gamartivebuli wesi .......................... 518
muxli 302. dasaSveboba ...................................................................... 518
muxli 303. gancxadeba davalianebis gadaxdis valdebulebis
Sesaxeb ................................................................................ 519
muxli 304. gansjadoba ....................................................................... 522
muxli 305. davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb
gancxadebis miRebaze uaris Tqma ............................. 522
muxli 306. gadaxdis brZaneba ......................................................... 523
muxli 307. mopasuxis Sesagebeli (protesti) .......................... 525
muxli 308. saqmis ganxilva davis sasarCelo warmoebis
wesiT ................................................................................... 526
muxli 309. gadaxdis brZanebis aRsruleba ............................... 528
T a v i
XXXIVI
lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi

lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze saqmis
ganxilvis gamartivebuli wesi .......................... 529
muxli 309 1. dasaSveboba ................................................................... 529
muxli 309 2. gancxadeba lizingis sagnis gamcemis
mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis
Taobaze ............................................................................. 530
XX
muxli 309 3. gansjadoba .................................................................... 531

muxli 309 4. lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi
lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze
gancxadebis umoZraod datoveba .......................... 532
gancxadebis miRebaze uaris Tqma ......................... 533
lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb brZaneba .. 534
lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb
brZanebis gasaCivreba ................................................. 534
kari meeqvse
udavo warmoeba .......................................................... 536
T a v i
XXXV
zogadi debulebani .................................................. 536

muxli 310. sasamarTlos mier udavo warmoebis wesiT
gansaxilveli saqmeebi .................................................. 536
muxli 311. udavo warmoebis wesiT saqmeTa ganxilva ........... 537
T a v i
XXXVI
iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqtebis

dadgena ........................................................................... 540
muxli 312. sasamarTlos mier gansaxilveli saqmeebi
dadgenis Sesaxeb ............................................................ 540
muxli 313. iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqtebis
dadgenisaTvis aucilebeli pirobebi .................... 544
muxli 3131. administraciuli organos pasuxismgebloba .. 547
muxli 314. gancxadebis Setana ....................................................... 548
muxli 315. gancxadebis Sinaarsi ................................................... 549
muxli 316. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba faqtis
dadgenis Sesaxeb ............................................................. 550
T a v i
XXXVII
moqalaqis ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad

aRiareba da moqalaqis gardacvlilad
gamocxadeba ................................................................. 553
XXI
muxli 319. mosamarTlis moqmedeba gancxadebis

miRebis Semdeg ................................................................ 555
muxli 320. sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba .................................... 556
muxli 321. ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiarebuli an
gardacvlilad gamocxadebuli moqalaqis
gamoCenis an misi adgilsamyofelis aRmoCenis
Sedegebi .............................................................................. 557
T a v i
XXXVIII
moqalaqis SezRudul qmedunarianad da

qmeduunarod aRiareba ........................................... 559
muxli 324. eqspertizis daniSvna moqalaqis fsiqikuri
mdgomareobis gansazRvris mizniT ........................... 562
muxli 325. gancxadebis ganxilva .................................................. 563
muxli 326. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba gancxadebis
gamo ..................................................................................... 565
muxli 327. SezRuduli qmedunarianobis gauqmeba da
moqalaqis qmedunarianad aRiareba ........................ 566
T a v i
XXXIX
dakargul an ganadgurebul sawarmdgenlo

fasian qaRaldsa da saordero fasian
qaRaldze uflebis aRdgena ................................ 568
muxli 330. mosamarTlis moqmedeba gancxadebis
miRebis Semdeg ................................................................ 571
muxli 331. publikacia ...................................................................... 572
muxli 332. sabuTis xelTmqonis gancxadeba ............................. 573
muxli 333. mosamarTlis moqmedeba sabuTis
xelTmqonisagan gancxadebis miRebis Semdeg ...... 573
muxli 334. saqmis daniSvna gansaxilvelad .............................. 575
muxli 335. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba gancxadebis
gamo ..................................................................................... 576
muxli 336. sabuTis xelTmqonis ufleba aRZras sarCeli
qonebis usafuZvlod SeZenis Sesaxeb .................... 576
T a v i XLL
qonebis upatronod cnoba .................................... 578
muxli 339. publikacia ...................................................................... 579
XXII
muxli 340. qonebaze uflebis sasarCelo wesiT

dacva .................................................................................. 580
muxli 341. sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba .................................... 581
T a v i XLLI
sawarmosa da kavSiris registracia amoRebulia
muxli 342-348 amoRebulia .......................................................... 583
T a v i XLLII
Svilad ayvana .............................................................. 583
muxli 349. gancxadeba Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb ....................... 583
muxli 351. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba ................................. 586
T a v i
XLLII1
dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgena ............ 588

muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
3511.
3512.
3513.
3514.
3515.
dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis wesi ...... 588

gancxadebis Setana gansjad sasamarTloSi ...... 588
gancxadebis Sinaarsi .................................................. 590
gancxadebis ganxilvis wesi ..................................... 592
sasamarTlos ganCineba dakarguli saqmis
warmoebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb ...................................... 595
muxli 3516. dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis
SeuZlebloba .................................................................. 597
kari meSvide
saojaxo, administraciuli, saxelmwifosamarTlebrivi urTierTobebidan
warmoSobili da reketuli qonebis
CamorTmevasa da saxelmwifosaTvis
gadacemasTan dakavSirebuli saqmeebis
ganxilvis Taviseburebani ...................................... 598
T a v i XLLIII
saojaxo saqmeTa ganxilvis
Taviseburebani .....................................................................598
muxli 352. gamoyenebis sfero ........................................................ 598
muxli 353. erT-erTi meuRlis gardacvaleba .......................... 598
muxli 354. saqmis garemoebis dadgena sasamarTlos
iniciativiT ...................................................................... 599
XXIII
muxli 355. sasamarTlos droebiTi gankarguleba ................. 600

muxli 356. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba ganqorwinebis an
qorwinebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb ...................... 602
T a v i XLLIV
amoRebulia .............................................. 6 0 3
T a v i XLLIV1
warmoeba reketuli an qurduli samyaros
wevris an adamianiT movaWris qonebis
CamorTmevasa da saxelmwifosaTvis
gadacemasTan dakavSirebiT ............................... 604
muxli 3561. terminTa ganmarteba .................................................. 604
muxli 3562. sarCelis aRZvra reketulil an qurduli
samyaros wevris an adamianiT movaWris qonebis
CamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis
Taobaze .............................................................................. 607
muxli 3563. qonebis cnoba reketulad, qurduli samyaros
wevris an adamianiT movaWris qonebis ukanonod
da dausabuTeblad cnoba .......................................... 610
muxli 3564. qonebaze yadaRis dadeba .......................................... 614
muxli 3565. qonebis reketulad, ukanonod an dausabuTeblad cnobis iuridiuli Sedegebi ........................... 615
muxli 3566. dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba ................................ 618
wigni mesame
sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa
gasaCivreba ................................................................... 620
kari merve
apelacia ......................................................................... 620
T a v i
XLLV
apelaciis dasaSveboba .......................................... 620

muxli 364. saapelacio saCivris Setana ..................................... 620
muxli 365. saapelacio saCivris Rirebuleba ......................... 622
muxli 366. dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis saapelacio
wesiT gasaCivrebis dauSvebloba .............................. 624
muxli 367. sasamarTlo, romelSic SeiZleba saapelacio
saCivris Setana .............................................................. 626
muxli 368. saapelacio saCivris Sinaarsi ................................ 627
XXIV
muxli 369. saapelacio saCivris Setanis vada ........................ 632

muxli 370. saapelacio gasaCivrebaze uaris Tqma ................. 634
muxli 371. saqmis gadagzavna saapelacio sasamarTloSi .. 635
T a v i
XLLVI
saqmis warmoeba saapelacio

sasamarTloSi ............................................................. 636
muxli 372. zogadi debulebani ....................................................... 636
muxli 373. saqmis momzadeba saapelacio sasamarTlos
mTavar sxdomaze gansaxilvelad ............................ 636
muxli 374. saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobis Semowmeba .. 640
muxli 375. saapelacio saCivris miRebis Sedegi .................... 642
muxli 376. saqmis ganxilvis daniSvna ......................................... 644
muxli 377. gadawyvetilebis Semowmebis farglebi ............... 645
muxli 378. saapelacio saCivarze uaris Tqma ......................... 648
muxli 379. Segebebuli saapelacio saCivari ........................... 649
muxli 380. axali faqtebi da mtkicebulebebi ........................ 652
muxli 381. davis sagnis Secvla da gadideba ........................... 654
muxli 382. mtkicebulebaTa gamokvleva .................................... 655
muxli 383. saqmis zepiri ganxilva ............................................... 656
T a v i
XLLVII
saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba . 659

muxli 384. gadawyvetilebis Secvlis farglebi .................... 659
muxli 385. gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba da saqmis ukan
dabruneba xelaxla gansaxilvelad ....................... 660
muxli 386. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba ........ 662
muxli 387. mxareTa gamoucxadeblobis Sedegebi ................... 664
muxli 388. saqmis ukan gadagzavna ................................................ 666
muxli 389. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis
Sinaarsi ............................................................................. 667
muxli 390. saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCinebis Sinaarsi . 670
kari mecxre
kasacia ............................................................................ 673
T a v i XLLVIII
kasaciis dasaSveboba .............................................. 673
muxli 391. sakasacio saCivris Setana ........................................ 673
muxli 3911. saqmis gadacema saqarTvelos uzenaesi
sasamarTlos didi palatisTvis ............................. 683
muxli 392. dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis
dauSvebloba ................................................................... 687
XXV
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
393.
394.
395.
396.
397.
398.
sakasacio saCivris safuZvlebi .............................. 688

sakasacio saCivris absoluturi safuZvlebi .. 692
sakasacio saCivris Setana ........................................ 698
sakasacio saCivris Sinaarsi .................................... 699
sakasacio saCivris Setanis vada ............................ 704
saqmis gadagzavna sakasacio sasamarTloSi ...... 707
T a v i XLLIX
saqmis warmoeba sakasacio sasamarTloSi ... 708
muxli 399. zogadi debulebani ....................................................... 708
muxli 400. sakasacio saCivris gadagzavna meore
mxarisaTvis, pasuxi sakasacio saCivarze ............. 709
muxli 401. sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis Semowmeba ...... 710
muxli 402. sakasacio saCivris miRebis Sedegi ....................... 712
muxli 403. saqmis ganxilvis daniSvna ......................................... 713
muxli 404. gadawyvetilebis Semowmebis farglebi ............... 714
muxli 405. Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari .............................. 718
muxli 406. davis sagnis Secvla da gadideba ........................... 719
muxli 407. Semowmebis faqtobrivi safuZveli ........................ 720
muxli 408. saqmis zepiri ganxilva ............................................... 724
T a v i LL
sakasacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba .... 728
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
409.
410.
411.
412.
gadawyvetilebis Secvlis farglebi .................... 728

uari sakasacio saCivarze ......................................... 729
sakasacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba ............ 730
saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis dabruneba
xelaxla gansaxilvelad ............................................. 731
muxli 413. saqmis ukan dabruneba ................................................. 734
kari meaTe
kerZo saCivari ............................................................ 735
T a v i LLI
kerZo saGivris dasaSveboba da ganxilvis
wesi .................................................................................... 735
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
kerZo saCivris Setana ................................................. 735

kerZo saCivris forma .................................................. 736
kerZo saCivris Setanis vada .................................... 737
kerZo saCivrisa da saqmis masalebis
gadagzavna zemdgom sasamarTloSi ......................... 738
muxli 418. kerZo saCivris Setanis Sedegi ................................ 738
muxli 419. gadawyvetileba kerZo saCivris Taobaze ............ 739
XXVI
414.
415.
416.
417.
muxli 420. kerZo saCivris ganxilvis wesi ................................ 741
kari meTerTmete
saqmis warmoebis ganaxleba ................................. 743
T a v i LLII
gancxadeba saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis
Sesaxeb da misi ganxilvis wesi ........................... 743
muxli 421. saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis saxeebi .................... 743
muxli 422. gancxadeba gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis)
baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb .............................................. 745
muxli 423. gancxadeba axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo
saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb ..................... 748
muxli 424. gansjadoba ....................................................................... 751
muxli 425. gancxadebis Setanis wesi ........................................... 753
muxli 426. gancxadebis Setanis vada .......................................... 753
muxli 427. gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobisa da axlad
aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxlebis
Sesaxeb gancxadebis Sinaarsi .................................... 757
muxli 428. mosamarTlis Camocileba gancxadebis
ganxilvisagan ................................................................. 759
muxli 429. gancxadebis dasaSvebobis Semowmeba .................... 760
muxli 430. gancxadebis ganxilva .................................................. 761
muxli 431. saqmis ganxilva .............................................................. 763
muxli 432. gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba .................................... 763
samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis gardamavali

da daskvniTi debulebani ..................................... 765
muxli 433. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis
amoqmedeba ........................................................................ 765
muxli 434. Zaladakarguli normatiuli aqtebis nusxa ...... 765
muxli 435. samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobis
moqmedeba droSi ............................................................ 765
muxli 436. 1999 wlis 15 maisamde sasamarTloebSi miRebuli,
jer kidev daumTavrebeli saqmeebis ganxilva ... 766
muxli 439. afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis
sasamarTloTa gansjadoba ......................................... 768
XXVII
muxli 440. warmomadgenlis saqmianobis SezRudva

samoqalaqo procesSi .................................................. 768
muxli 441. ................................................................................................ 769
muxli 442. saapelacio sasamarTlos uflebamosilebis
ganxorcielebaze warmoebaSi miRebuli saqmeebis
gadacema da sakasacio saCivrebis ganxilva ...... 769
muxli 443. saapelacio saCivris ganxilva
erTpirovnulad...................................................................770
XXVIII
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari
wigni pirveli
zogadi debulebani
kari pirveli
sasamarTlo
T a v i
samarTalwarmoebis ZiriTadi debulebani

muxli 1. gamoyenebis sfero
1. saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebi samoqalaqo saqmeebs ganixilaven am kodeqsiT
dadgenili wesebis mixedviT.
2. samoqalaqo saqmeebis warmoeba xorcieldeba saproceso kanonmdeblobiT, romlebic moqmedebs saqmis ganxilvis, calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis an
sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis
dros.
1. pirveli muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs samoqalaqo saqmeebis uwyebrivi qvemdebareobis zogad
wess, romlis Tanaxmad aseT saqmeebs saerTo sasamarTloebi ganixilaven. saerTo sasamarTloebis uwyebrivi
qvemdebareobis sakiTxi ufro konkretulad Camoyalibebulia me-11 muxlSi (ix. am muxlis komentari).
aqve gansazRvrulia samoqalaqo saqmeTa sasamarTloSi ganxilvis wesi _ saerTo sasamarTloebma saqmeTa
ganxilvis dros unda ixelmZRvanelon mxolod samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT dadgenili wesebiT.
_ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom samoqalaqo saqmeTa ganxilvis esa Tu is wesi gansazRvros sxva romelime kanonma, maT Soris samoqalaqo kodeqsma, sagadasaxado
kodeqsma, Sromis kodeqsma da a. S. Tu es wesebi ar Seesabameba an ewinaaRmdegeba samoqalaqo saproceso ko1
deqss, an im principebs, romlebzec es kodeqsia agebuli, maSin gamoiyeneba samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT
gansazRvruli wesebi.
_ sasamarTloebma mxedvelobaSi unda miiRon isic,
rom saqarTvelos konstituciis me-6 muxlis me-2 punqtis Sesabamisad, Tu samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis
esa Tu is norma ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebas an SeTanxmebas, maSin gamoiyeneba am saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebiT Tu SeTanxmebiT
gansazRvruli wesi.
2. pirveli muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis moqmedebas droSi. aq damkvidrebulia principi, romlis Tanaxmad samoqalaqo
saproceso kanons ukuqceviTi Zala ar aqvs.
es imas niSnavs, rom samoqalaqo saqmeebis warmoeba
sasamarTloSi xorcieldeba im saproceso kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, romelic moqmedebs saqmis ganxilvis,
calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis Tu gadawyvetilebaTa aRsrulebis dros. igive principi damkvidrebulia samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis gardamavali debulebebis 435-e muxliT.
_ praqtikuli daskvna, romelic am principidan gamomdinareobs, mdgomareobs SemdegSi: Tu sarCelis aRZvra moxda da saqmis warmoeba gaixsna axali samoqalaqo saproceso kanonis amoqmedebamde, xolo Semdeg miRebul iqna axali kanoni (kodeqsi), sasamarTlom unda
gamoiyenos es axali kanoni (kodeqsi), damoukideblad imisa, saqmis warmoebis gaxsna da, SeiZleba, am saqmis ganxilvac daiwyo Tu ara Zveli saproceso kanonmdeblobis moqmedebis pirobebSi.
aseT SemTxvevaSi is saproceso moqmedeba, romelic
Sesrulda Zveli kanoniT dadgenili wesis Sesabamisad,
CaiTvleba marTlzomierad (Sesrulebulad) da am moqmedebis ganmeorebiT Sesruleba axali kanoniT dadgenili wesiT _ dauSvebelia. xolo iseTi saproceso moqmedebebi, romlebic axali kanonmdeblobis amoqmedebis pirobebSi unda ganxorcieldes, Sesruldeba ara
2
Zveli, aramed am axali kanoniT dadgenili wesis Sesabamisad.
muxli 2. uflebis sasamarTlo wesiT

dacva
1. yoveli pirisaTvis uzrunvelyofilia
uflebis sasamarTlo wesiT dacva. saqmis
ganxilvas sasamarTlo Seudgeba im piris
gancxadebiT, romelic mimarTavs mas Tavisi
uflebis an kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli interesebis dasacavad.
2. gancxadebis miRebasa da saqmis ganxilvaze uaris Tqma sasamarTlos SeuZlia mxolod am kodeqsiT dadgenili safuZvlebiTa
da wesiT.
1. me-2 muxlis pirvel nawilSi damkvidrebulia piris umniSvnelovanesi ufleba mimarTos sasamarTlos
Tavisi darRveuli an sadavo uflebis dacvis mizniT (sarCelis ufleba saproceso samarTlebrivi
TvalsazrisiT). sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, namdvilad darRveulia Tu ara piris ufleba da marTla aucilebelia
Tu ara am uflebis dacva _ es aris sakiTxi, romelic
unda gairkves saqmis ganxilvis Sedegad _ sasamarTlo
gadawyvetilebiT.
2. sasamarTlos ufleba ar aqvs uari uTxras pirs sarCelis (gancxadebis) miRebaze da ganxilvaze, e. i. uflebis dacvaze, garda kanoniT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevebisa (180-e, 185-e da 186-e muxlebi).
muxli 3. dispoziciurobis principi

1. mxareebi iwyeben saqmis warmoebas sasamarTloSi, am kodeqsSi Camoyalibebuli wesebis Sesabamisad, sarCelis an gancxadebis
Setanis gziT. isini gansazRvraven davis
3
sagans da TviTonve iReben gadawyvetilebas sarCelis (gancxadebis) Setanis Sesaxeb.

2. mxareebs SeuZliaT saqmis warmoeba morigebiT daamTavron. mosarCeles SeuZlia
uari Tqvas sarCelze, xolo mopasuxes _
cnos sarCeli.
1. dispoziciurobis principi samoqalaqo saproceso samarTalSi niSnavs mxareTa Tavisuflebas gankargon TavianTi materialuri da saproceso uflebebi. am principebzea agebuli samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdebloba. uflebis dasacavad sasamarTloSi mimarTva TviT dainteresebuli piris neba-survilzea damokidebuli. misi nebis gareSe aravis ar aqvs ufleba
mimarTos sasamarTlos. marTalia pirs SeuZlia awarmoos saqme sasamarTloSi piradad an warmomadgenlis
meSveobiT, magram es arafers ar cvlis: piri TviTon
iRebs gadawyvetilebas aRZras sarCeli sasamarTloSi, magram praqtikulad sarCelis aRZvra, aseve mTlianad saqmis warmoeba mas SeuZlia miandos warmomadgenels (93-e muxlis me-2 nawili).
_ sarCeli (gancxadeba) Sedgenili unda iyos werilobiTi formiT da unda pasuxobdes kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul moTxovnebs (178-e da 303-e muxlebi).
_ mxareebis mier davis sagnis gansazRvra _ dispoziciurobis erT-erTi konkretuli gamovlinebaa. es
imas niSnavs, rom sasamarTlos ufleba ar aqvs gascdes
sasarCelo moTxovnis farglebs, Secvalos sarCelis
sagani an safuZveli, gaadidos sasarCelo moTxovnis
odenoba. sasamarTlos ufleba ar aqvs agreTve miakuTvnos mxares Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT is, rac mas ar uTxovia, an imaze meti, vidre is moiTxovda (248-e muxli).
2. saqmis morigebiT damTavrebis SemTxvevaSi mxareTa Soris warmoSobili dava gadawydeba aramarto iuridiulad, aramed faqtobrivad, maSin, rodesac Tu
dava sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT gadaiWra, es marTalia aris am davis iuridiuli gadawyveta, magram faq4
tobrivad dava mxareebs Soris SeiZleba gagrZeldes

da kidev ufro gamwvavdes. amitom, sasamarTlom yovelTvis unda ecados, rom mxareTa Soris wamoWrili
dava morigebiT daamTavros (205-e da 218-e muxlebi).
_ saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis mixedviT mosarCelis mier sarCelze uaris Tqma _ esaa materialursamarTlebrivi uflebis gankargvis aqti, ise rogorc,
vTqvaT, sakuTari nivTis gaCuqeba. sarCelze uaris
Tqma SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos imiTac, rom mosarCele
sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis procesSi darwmundeba Tavisi moTxovnis usafuZvlobaSi da a.S.
_ ra motiviTac ar unda iyos ganpirobebuli mosarCelis mier sarCelze uaris Tqma, mas ukavSirdeba metad seriozuli Sedegebi _ saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta,
ris Sedegadac mas samudamod erTmeva ufleba kvlav
aRZras igive sarCeli sasamarTloSi imave mopasuxis mimarT (273-e muxlis me-2 nawili). ganCinebaze saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana. sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawileba mxareTa morigebis Tu sarCelze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi warmoebs
54-e muxlis Sesabamisad (ix. am muxlis komentari).
_ sarCelze uaris Tqmisagan unda ganvasxvavoT sarCelis gamoxmoba anu ukan gaTxova mosarCelis mier,
rasac arc ise iSviaTad aqvs adgili praqtikaSi (831-e
muxli).
sarCelis (gancxadebis) gamoxmobis dros mosarCele uars ki ar ambobs Tavis sarCelze, aramed mas am
etapze ar surs am sarCelis sasamarTloSi ganxilva. amitom, aseT SemTxvevaSi saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta 272-e muxlis `g~ qvepunqtis safuZvelze dauSvebelia, radgan am safuZvliT saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta
arTmevs mosarCeles uflebas kvlav mimarTos sasamarTlos igive sarCeliT.1
_ sarCelis gamoxmobis (ukan gaTxovis) uflebas ko1
aseTi, savsebiT swori da iuridiulad dasabuTebuli pozicia

Camoayaliba sakasacio sasamarTlom Tavis 24.IV.2002 wlis ganCinebaSi. ix. susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2002, #7, gv. 1139.
deqsi ar iTvaliswinebda, magram aseTi ufleba gamomdinareobda am muxlis pirveli nawilis danawesidan,
romlis Tanaxmad, mxareebi TviTonve iReben gadawyvetilebas sarCelis (gancxadebis) Setanis Sesaxeb da
maTve unda SeeZloT miiRon gadawyvetileba Setanili sarCelis ukan gamoTxovis Sesaxeb. saproceso
kodeqss daemata 831 muxli, romlis Tanaxmad sarCelis
gamoxmoba sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze, dasaSvebia
mxolod mopasuxis TanxmobiT. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda ganixilos sarCeli saerTo wesiT.
_ sarCelis gamoxmobis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs
ganCineba am sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebisa da misi
mosarCelisaTvis dabrunebis Sesaxeb. sasamarTlo xarjebi, rac gaweuli iyo sarCelis gamoxmobamde, unda daekisros mosarCeles. cxadia, rom mosarCeles kvlav SeuZlia mimarTos sasamarTlos igive sarCeliT 278-e muxlis
safuZvelze (ix. 831 da 278-e muxlebis komentari).
_ mopasuxis mier sarCelis cnobac warmoadgens
dispoziciurobis principis konkretul gamovlinebas,
kerZod, mopasuxis mier Tavisi materialur-samarTlebrivi uflebis gankargvis aqts.
_ mopasuxis mier sarCelis cnobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb. Tu mopasuxem sarCeli cno saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, ris Sesaxebac werilobiT acnoba sasamarTlos (201-e da 205-e muxlebi), maSin sasamarTlo
niSnavs mosamzadebel sxdomas da gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb (208-e muxlis me-3 nawili). mxareTa gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs aseTi gadawyvetilebis miRebas.
Tu mopasuxis mier sarCelis cnobas adgili hqonda
saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis dros, am SemTxvevaSic sasamarTlos gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba sarCelis
dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb.
_ sarCelis cnoba (aRiareba) unda ganvasxvavoT
faqtis aRiarebisagan, rac gaTvaliswinebulia 131-e
muxliT (ix. am muxlis komentari).
6
sarCelis aRiarebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo aRar

amowmebs da afasebs saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebebs.
Tavis gadawyvetilebas sarCelis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb igi afuZnebs mopasuxis mier sarCelis cnobas.
sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawileba unda moxdes 53-e
muxlis mixedviT (ix. am muxlis komentari).
muxli 4. SejibrebiTobis principi

1. samarTalwarmoeba mimdinareobs SejibrebiTobis safuZvelze. mxareebi sargebloben Tanabari uflebebiTa da SesaZleblobebiT, daasabuTon TavianTi moTxovnebi, uaryon an gaaqarwylon meore mxaris
mier wamoyenebuli moTxovnebi, mosazrebebi Tu mtkicebulebebi. mxareebi TviTonve
gansazRvraven, Tu romeli faqtebi unda
daedos safuZvlad maT moTxovnebs an romeli mtkicebulebebiT unda iqnes dadasturebuli es faqtebi.
2. saqmis garemoebaTa gasarkvevad sasamarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi iniciativiT mimarTos am kodeqsSi gaTvaliswinebul RonisZiebebs.
samoqalaqo procesSi cnobilia faqtebis dadgenisa da mxareTa ufleba-movaleobebis garkvevis ori ZiriTadi meTodi: pirveli _ esaa samZebro anu inkviziciuri meTodi, romlis Tanaxmad sasamarTlo ver dasjerdeba mxareTa mier warmodgenil mtkicebulebebs
da TviTonaa valdebuli Tavisi iniciativiT Sekribos
mtkicebulebebi, gansazRvros mtkicebis sagani, miiRos
yvela zoma mxareTa uflebebisa da movaleobebis dasadgenad. es meTodi daedo safuZvlad saqarTvelos
1964 wlis samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqss. meore _ esaa
SejibrebiTobis meTodi, romelic gulisxmobs mxareTa aqtiurobas da romlis mixedviT mtkicebis sagnis
7
gansazRvra da am saganSi Semavali faqtebis damtkicebis tvirTi mTlianad ekisreba mxareebs. sasamarTlos
aqtivoba, misi iniciativiT mtkicebis procesSi Careva
dasaSvebia im zomiT da farglebSi, rac gaTvaliswinebulia am kodeqsiT. am meTodzea agebuli saqarTvelos
axali samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi.
1. SejibrebiToba niSnavs modave mxareTa Tanabar SesaZleblobas gankargon faqtiuri garemoebebis dadgenis saproceso saSualebebi, agreTve mxareTa uflebas,
miuTiTon faqtebze TavianTi moTxovnebis Tu Sesageblis dasasabuTeblad (`faqtebis miTiTebis tvirTi~) da
warmoadginon mtkicebulebebi am faqtebis dadastureba-damtkicebisaTvis (`faqtebis damtkicebis tvirTi~).
sasamarTlo SeboWilia aramarto mxareTa sasarCelo
moTxovnis Tu Sesageblis farglebiT (248-e muxli), aramed mxareTa miTiTebiT Tu romeli faqtebi unda daedos safuZvlad maT moTxovnebs, an romeli mtkicebulebebiT unda iqnes dadasturebuli es faqtebi.
2. me-4 muxlis me-2 nawilSi laparakia sasamarTlos
iniciativaze mtkicebis procesSi. magram sasamarTlos
SeuZlia gamoiCinos iniciativa im farglebSi, ra farglebSic amas samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs. magaliTad, sasamarTlos SeuZlia SesTavazos
mxareebs warmoadginon damatebiTi mtkicebulebebi,
gamoiTxovos mtkicebulebebi mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT
(103-e da 203-e muxli); sasamarTlos mixedulebazea damokidebuli romeli mtkicebuleba miiRos da romeli
ar miiRos (104-e muxli); sasamarTlos Tavisi iniciativiT SeuZlia daadginos agreTve nivTieri da werilobiTi mtkicebulebis adgilze daTvaliereba (120-e muxli), daniSnos eqspertiza (162-e muxli) da a. S.
kanoniT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevebis
garda (magaliTad, 350-e muxlis me-3 nawili) mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba mxareTa Suamdgomlobis gareSe SeiZleba gaxdes mosamarTlis (sasamarTlos) acilebis safuZveli (31-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `d~ qvepunqti).
muxli 5. marTlmsajulebis
ganxorcieleba mxolod
sasamarTlos mier moqalaqeTa
Tanasworobis sawyisebze
marTlmsajulebas samoqalaqo saqmeebze
axorcielebs mxolod sasamarTlo kanonisa
da sasamarTlos winaSe yvela piris Tanasworobis sawyisebze.
me-5 muxliT ganmtkicebulia sami erTmaneTisagan
damoukidebeli principi: a) marTlmsajulebis ganxorcieleba mxolod sasamarTlos mier; b) kanonis winaSe yvela piris Tanasworoba; g) sasamarTlos winaSe
yvela piris Tanasworoba.
_ saqarTvelos konstituciis 82-e muxlis Tanaxmad,
sasamarTlo xelisufleba xorcieldeba sakonstitucio kontrolis, marTlmsajulebis da kanoniT dadgenili sxva formebis meSveobiT. amave konstituciis 83e muxlis Tanaxmad, marTlmsajulebas axorcieleben
saerTo sasamarTloebi.
amrigad, marTlmsajuleba ganekuTvneba gansakuTrebul saxelmwifoebriv saqmianobaTa kategorias, romelic SeiZleba ganaxorcielos mxolod saerTo sasamarTloebma. Tavis mxriv, marTlmsajulebis ganxorcieleba samoqalaqo saqmeebze niSnavs imas, rom sasamarTlom ganuxrelad unda ixelmZRvanelos saqmeTa ganxilvis im wesebiT, romlebic dadgenilia samoqalaqo
saproceso kanonmdeblobiT. samoqalaqo saqmeTa ganxilva am wesebis ugulebelyofiT an am wesebidan arsebiTi gadaxveviT aRar iqneba marTlmsajuleba.
_ me-5 muxliT damkvidrebulia meore mniSvnelovani principi _ kanonis winaSe yvela piris Tanasworoba.
saqarTvelos konstituciis me-14 muxlis Tanaxmad yvela adamiani kanonis winaSe Tanasworia ganurCevlad rasisa, kanis ferisa, enisa, sqesisa, religiisa, politikuri da sxva Sexedulebebisa, erovnuli, eTnikuri da
9
socialuri kuTvnilebisa, warmoSobisa, qonebrivi da

wodebrivi mdgomareobisa, sacxovrebeli adgilisa.
kanonis winaSe Tanasworobis principi warmoadgens
socialuri, ekonomikuri, kulturuli da politikuri
cxovrebis sferoebSi saerTo Tanasworobis konkretul gamovlinebas. kanonis winaSe Tanasworoba niSnavs
imas, rom kanonis esa Tu is danawesi erTnairad unda
iqnes gamoyenebuli da Sefardebuli mxareebis mimarT,
damoukideblad imisa, Tu vin gvevlineba mxared _ fizikuri piri, sajaro Tu kerZo iuridiuli piri.
_ me-5 muxliT ganmtkicebulia kidev erTi principi
_ sasamarTlos winaSe mxareTa Tanasworoba.
es principi gulisxmobs, jer erTi, imas rom mxareebs samoqalaqo procesSi ufleba aqvT mousminon, Tu
ras amboben maT winaaRmdeg, meore, maT ufleba aqvT
TviTon iqnan mosmenilni imis Sesaxeb, risi Tqmac undaT rogorc mowinaaRmdege mxaris misamarTiT, ise Tavisi Tavis dasacavad.
mxareTa sasamarTlos winaSe Tanasworobis principi niSnavs agreTve imasac, rom saqmis ganxilvis procesSi orive mxares hqondes erTnairi saproceso uflebebi TavianTi moTxovnebis Tu Sesageblis dasasabuTeblad (83-e muxli).
muxli 6. mosamarTleTa
damoukidebloba da maTi kanonisadmi
damorCileba
1. mosamarTle Tavis saqmianobaSi damoukidebelia da emorCileba mxolod saqarTvelos konstituciasa da kanons. raime zemoqmedeba mosamarTleze an Careva mis saqmianobaSi gadawyvetilebis miRebaze zegavlenis
mizniT akrZalulia da isjeba kanoniT.
2. Tu saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos
azriT, kanoni, romelic am saqmisaTvis unda iqnes gamoyenebuli, ar Seesabameba an
10
ewinaaRmdegeba konstitucias, sasamarTlo

SeaCerebs saqmis ganxilvas am sakiTxze sakonstitucio sasamarTlos mier gadawyvetilebis miRebamde, ris Semdegac saqmis ganxilva ganaxldeba.
3. Tu saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos
azriT, kanons ar Seesabameba kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqti, romlis Semowmebac
ar Sedis sakonstitucio sasamarTlos kompetenciaSi, sasamarTlo gamoitans gadawyvetilebas kanonis mixedviT.
1. me-6 muxlSi Camoyalibebulia ramdenime mniSvnelovani principi da debuleba, romelTa Soris aRsaniSnavia principi, romlis Tanaxmad mosamarTle damoukidebelia da emorCileba kanons.
mosamarTleTa damoukidebloba sasamarTlo xelisuflebis damoukideblobis umniSvnelovanesi elementia. amitom sasamarTlos damoukidebel xelisuflebad Camoyalibebis interesebi moiTxoven mosamarTleTa damoukideblobis uzrunvelyofas.
mosamarTleTa damoukideblobis garantiebs ganamtkicebs saqarTvelos konstitucia, saqarTvelos
organuli kanoni `saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi da sxva
normatiuli aqtebi. aseTi garantiebis ricxvs ganekuTvneba magaliTad saqarTvelos konstituciiT damkvidrebuli debulebebi, romelTa Tanaxmad: a) aravis ar
aqvs ufleba mosTxovos mosamarTles angariSi konkretul saqmeze; b) baTilia yvela aqti, romelic zRudavs mosamarTleTa damoukideblobas; g) sasamarTlo
gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba, Secvla an SeCereba SeuZlia
mxolod sasamarTlos kanoniT gansazRvruli wesiT; d)
mosamarTlis Camocileba saqmis ganxilvisagan, Tanamdebobidan misi vadamde gaTavisufleba an sxva Tanamdebobaze gadayvana daiSveba mxolod kanoniT gansaz-
11
Rvrul SemTxvevebSi (saqarTvelos konstituciis 84e muxli).

_ mosamarTlis damoukideblobisa da misi kanonisadmi damorCilebis principis dedaazri mdgomareobs
imaSi, rom aravis ar aqvs ufleba Caerios sasamarTlos
saqmianobaSi mis mier konkretul saqmeTa ganxilva-gadawyvetis dros. arcerT saxelmwifo organizacias, sajaro Tu kerZo samarTlis iuridiul pirs, arcerT Tanamdebobis pirs ufleba ar aqvs raime miTiTeba misces
sasamarTlos imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor gadawyvitos man
konkretuli saqme.
2. me-6 muxlis me-2 nawilSi Camoyalibebulia konstituciis uzenaesoba sxva kanonebTan mimarTebaSi.
a) sasamarTlo xelisuflebas sakonstitucio kontrolis formiT axorcielebs saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlo. mxolod sakonstitucio sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadginos Seesabameba Tu ara, an ufro
metic, ewinaaRmdegeba Tu ara esa Tu is kanoni konstitucias.
b) sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Seesabameba Tu ara kanoni konstitucias, SeiZleba wamoiWras rogorc saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, ise am saqmis Ria sasamarTlo sxdomaze ganxilvis dros. nebismier stadiaze sasamarTlom
unda SeaCeros saqmis ganxilva an calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba da mimarTos sakonstitucio
sasamarTlos (279-e muxlis è~ qvepunqti).
g) sakonstitucio sasamarTlosaTvis mimarTvis
formas gansazRvravs saqarTvelos kanoni `saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos Sesaxeb~. am kanonis
me-19 muxlis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos kanonebis Tu sxva
normatiuli aqtebis saqarTvelos konstituciasTan
Sesabamisobis sakiTxs ganixilavs sakonstitucio sasamarTlo sakonstitucio sarCelis an wardginebis safuZvelze.
amrigad, saerTo sasamarTloebma unda gamoitanon ganCineba saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb (282-e muxli)
da mimarTon sakonstitucio sasamarTlos konstituci12
uri wardginebiT, mis mier gamosayenebeli kanonis konstituciasTan Sesabamisobis sakiTxis gadasawyvetad.
saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi SeCerdeba sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis miRebamde. aseTi gadawyvetilebis miRebis Semdeg saqmis warmoeba ganaxldeba (283-e muxli).
3. me-6 muxlis me-3 nawils mxedvelobaSi aqvs iseTi
kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqti, romlis konstituciasTan Sesabamisobis Semowmeba ar Sedis sakonstitucio sasamarTlos kompetenciaSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi TviTon saerTo sasamarTlo gadawyvets am sakiTxs da Tu
CaTvlis, rom normatiuli aqti ar Seesabameba kanons,
gamoitans gadawyvetilebas kanonis (da ara mis Seusabamo normatiuli aqtis) safuZvelze.
magaliTad, saqarTvelos prezidentis, saqarTvelos samTavrobo dawesebulebis, umaRlesi saxelmwifo organos xelmZRvanelis da a. S. administraciulsamarTlebrivi aqtebis kanonierebis Semowmeba ar Sedis sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gamgeblobaSi (saqarTvelos administraciuli saproceso kodeqsis me-6
muxli). amitom, Tu aseTi aqti ar Seesabameba kanons,
sasamarTlo samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilva-gadawyvetis
dros ixelmZRvanelebs kanoniT. sakonstitucio sasamarTlosaTvis mimarTva aseT SemTxvevaSi dauSvebelia.
muxli 7. kanonisa da samarTlis

analogia
1. Tu ar arsebobs sadavo urTierTobis
momwesrigebeli kanoni, sasamarTlo iyenebs
kanons, romelic awesrigebs msgavs urTierTobas (kanonis analogia), xolo Tu aseTi kanonic ar arsebobs, sasamarTlo emyareba saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis zogad
principebs (samarTlis analogia).
2. Tu ar arsebobs samoqalaqo saproceso
norma, romelic aregulirebs sasamarTlo
13
warmoebis dros warmoSobil urTierTobas, sasamarTlo iyenebs saproceso samarTlis im normas, romelic awesrigebs msgavs
urTierTobas (kanonis analogia), xolo Tu
aseTi normac ar arsebobs, sasamarTlo emyareba samoqalaqo saproceso samarTlis
zogad principebs (samarTlis analogia).
1. es muxli ori nawilisagan Sedgeba. pirveli nawili
gansazRvravs materialuri samarTlis analogiis
gamoyenebis
SesaZleblobas.
mxedvelobaSia
materialuri samarTlis nebismieri dargi, romlis
gamoyenebis aucilebloba SeiZleba warmoiSvas
sasamarTlos mier samoqalaqo saqmeTa ganxilvis dros.
SeiZleba mxolod sadavo iyos sakiTxi Tu ramdenad
dasaSvebia samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis mier
materialuri
samarTlisa
da
materialur
samarTlebrivi normis (kanonis) analogiiT gamoyenebis
gansazRvra, maSin rodesac saqarTvelos samoqalaqo
kodeqsis me-5 muxli iTvaliswinebs samarTlisa da
kanonis analogias. mxedvelobaSia agreTve misaRebi is
garemoeba, rom samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-5 muxlis me-3
nawili krZalavs specialuri urTierTobis
momwesrigebeli normebis (sagamonakliso normebis)
analogiiT gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas.2
2. me-7 muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs samoqalaqo
saproceso kanonmdeblobisa da samoqalaqo saproceso
samarTlis analogiis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas.
samoqalaqo saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi
xorcieldeba samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT
dadgenili wesiT. magram ise rogorc sxva kanonebi,
romlebic adamianTa urTierTobis sxvadasxva
sferoebs aregulireben, samoqalaqo saproceso
kodeqsic SeiZleba Seicavdes xarvezs. dauSvebelia
2
14
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari,

wigni pirveli. Tb, 1999, gv.35.
uari saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebaze, miT ufro,

roca aseTi moqmedebis Sesrulebaze damokidebulia
mxaris interesebis dacva, im motiviT, rom samoqalaqo
saproceso kodeqsi ar iTvaliswinebs aseTi moqmedebis
Sesrulebas da wess. amitom sasamarTlom unda
gamoiyenos kanoni (samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis
norma), romelic analogiuri saproceso moqmedebis
Sesrulebas iTvaliswinebs da daukavSiros mas is
Sedegebi, romelsac analogiuri saproceso
moqmedebis Sesrulebas ukavSirebs kanoni.
aseT SemTxvevaSi saqme gveqneba kanonis
analogiasTan.
magram Tu kanonis analogiiT gamoyenebis
SesaZlebloba ar arsebobs, imis gamo, rom aseTi kanonic
ar arsebobs, maSin gamoyenebuli unda iqnes samarTlis,
kerZod samoqalaqo saproceso samarTlis analogia.
samarTlis analogiis gamoyeneba marTalia rTulia,
radgan igi gulisxmobs samarTlis zogadi principebiT
xelmZRvanelobis aucileblobas, magram Zalzed
sainteresoa, radgan aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo
gvevlineba aramarto rogorc samarTalSemfardebeli,
aramed garkveulwilad, rogorc samarTalSemoqmedic,
radgan qmnis saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis wess
mocemul konkretul SemTxvevaSi.
samarTlisa da kanonis analogia xSirad gamxdara
samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsSi arsebuli xarvezis
Sevsebis safuZveli. sakmarisia davasaxeloT
mosarCelis mier sarCelis gamoxmoba, romlis Sesaxeb
norma (831-e muxli) daemata samoqalaqo saproceso
kodeqss agreTve sarCelis uzrunvelyofaze
uarisTqmis Sesaxeb ganCinebis gasaCivreba (197-e
muxli), rac adre kanonis analogiis gamoyenebiT
xdeboda.
rogorc kanonis, ise samarTlis analogiis gamoyeneba
zedmiwevniT naTlad da gasagebad unda iyos
motivirebuli gadawyvetilebaSi (ganCinebaSi).
15
muxli 8. gadawyvetilebis gamotana

saqarTvelos saxeliT
sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba gamoaqvs
saqarTvelos saxeliT.
sasamarTloebs gamoaqvT ori saxis dadgenileba: gadawyvetileba da ganCineba. sasamarTlos dadgenileba, romliTac arsebiTad wydeba saqme, gamodis gadawyvetilebis saxiT (243-e muxlis pirveli nawili), xolo
sasamarTlos dadgenileba, romliTac saqme arsebiTad
ar wydeba, miiReba ganCinebis formiT (284-e muxli).
_ sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba marTlmsajulebis umniSvnelovanesi aqtia, romelmac unda daicvas darRveuli an sadavod gamxdari ufleba, kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli interesi. sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT xdeba
saqmeze dadgenili faqtobrivi garemoebebis saboloo
Sefaseba kanonebis safuZvelze. swored amitom, gadawyvetileba gamodis saqarTvelos saxeliT, romelic TviTon iZens kanonis Zalas da Tu nebayoflobiT ar iqneba
Sesrulebuli, aRsruldeba iZulebis ZaliT.
_ praqtikaSi am muxlis Sinaarsi gagebulia farTod
da gadawyvetilebaSi gulisxmoben ganCinebebsac, amitom, ganCinebebic, gansakuTrebiT roca isini gamoaqvT
zemdgom sasamarTloebs, gamodis saqarTvelos saxeliT. garda gadawyvetilebebisa da ganCinebebisa, sasamarTloebs gamoaqvT gadaxdis brZaneba (306-e muxli),
droebiTi gankarguleba (355-e muxli). samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdebloba ar moiTxovs am dokumentebis
gamotanas sasamarTlos mier saqarTvelos saxeliT.
muxli 9. samoqalaqo procesis

saqveynooba da samarTalwarmoebis
ena
1. sasamarTloSi yvela saqme ganixileba
Ria sxdomaze, Tu es ar ewinaaRmdegeba
16
saxelmwifo saidumloebis dacvis interesebs. daxurul sxdomaze saqmis ganxilva

dasaSvebia agreTve kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebul sxva SemTxvevebSi, mxaris motivirebuli Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze.
2. daxurul sxdomaze saqmis ganxilvaSi
monawileoben mxareebi da maTi warmomadgenlebi, xolo aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi
-_ mowmeebi, eqspertebi, specialistebi da
Tarjimnebi.
3. saqmis daxurul sxdomaze ganxilvis
Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs motivirebuli ganCineba.
4. samarTalwarmoeba xorcieldeba saxelmwifo enaze. saxelmwifo enis armcodne pirs
mieCineba Tarjimani.
1. saqarTvelos konstituciis 85-e muxlisa da `saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos organuli kanonis me-12 muxlis Sesabamisad samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis me-9 muxlma daamkvidra saqmis ganxilvis saqveynoobis principi.
_ saqveynoobis principi niSnavs konkretul samoqalaqo saqmeTa ganxilvas sasamarTlos Ria sxdomebze
mxareebisa da sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazSi myof pirTa daswrebiT;
_ `saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos
organuli kanonis me-12 muxlis me-2 punqtis Sesabamisad, sasamarTlo sxdomaze kino da foto gadaRebis,
audio da video Canaweris akrZalva daiSveba mxolod
sasamarTlos motivirebuli ganCinebiT. aseTi akrZalva SeiZleba ganxorcieldes rogorc mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT, ise sasamarTlos iniciativiT;
_ sajaroobis principis darRveva aris gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis absoluturi safuZveli (ix. 394-e muxlis `d~ qvepunqtis komentari). sajaroobis principis
darRvevasTan gveqneba saqme, rodesac sasamarTlos ar
17
daudgenia saqmis daxurul sxdomaze ganxilva, magram

moqalaqeebs, romlebsac surdaT daswrebodnen am saqmis ganxilvas, ar uSvebdnen sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazSi.
amrigad, Tu sasamarTlos ar miuRia gadawyvetileba daxurul sxdomaze saqmis ganxilvis Sesaxeb, magram
faqtobrivad sxdoma daxurulad mimdinareobda _ es
sajaroobis principis darRvevis erT-erTi gavrcelebuli SemTxvevaa, romelic gadawyvetilebis gauqmebas
iwvevs;
_ kanonmdebloba iTvaliswinebs sajaroobis principis SezRudvis SesaZleblobas, magaliTad, me-9 muxlis Tanaxmad, saqme daxurul sxdomaze unda iqnes ganxiluli, Tu es aucilebelia saxelmwifo saidumloebis dacvis interesebisaTvis. 351-e muxlis Tanaxmad gadawyvetileba Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb sajarod ar gamocxaddeba. TviTon Svilad ayvanis sakiTxic SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes daxurul sasamarTlo sxdomaze (350e muxlis mesame nawili ); sasamarTlom SeiZleba daadginos daxurul sxdomaze saqmis ganxilva Tu es aucilebelia mxareTa intimuri cxovrebis Sesaxeb cnobebis gavrcelebis Tavidan acilebisaTvis.
saqarTvelos konstituciis me-20 muxlis Sesabamisad, yoveli adamianis piradi cxovreba, piradi Canaweri, mimowera, saubari satelefono da sxva saxis teqnikuri saSualebiT, agreTve teqnikuri saSualebiT miRebuli Setyobinebani xelSeuxebelia. es imas niSnavs, rom
daxuruli sasamarTlo sxdoma SeiZleba gaimarTos aseTi mimowerisa Tu Canawerebis saidumloebis dacvis mizniT, Tu Sesabamisi mxare Suamdgomlobs amis Sesaxeb.
2. saqmis daxurul sxdomaze ganxilvis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs motivirebuli ganCineba. sasamarTlos SeuZlia daxuros sxdoma mTlianad an nawilobriv. sasamarTlos aseT ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba.
rac Seexeba sasamarTlos ganCinebas mxaris SuamdgomlobiT sxdomis daxurvaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, arc
18
aseTi ganCinebis gamotanas da, bunebrivia, arc mis gasaCivrebas samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi ar iTvaliswinebs. Tu miuxedavad amisa, aseTi ganCineba iqneba gamotanili, arc aseT ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana
ar SeiZleba.
3. saqarTvelos konstituciis 85-e muxlisa da `saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos organuli kanonis me-12-e muxlis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba cxaddeba saqveynod.
am muxlebis azri ar SeiZleba gavigoT ise, TiTqos
sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba, miRebuli saqmis daxurul sxdomaze ganxilvis Sedegad, yovelTvis unda gamocxaddes saqveynod. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba
daxurul sxdomaze unda gamocxaddes, Tu misi sajarod gamocxadebiT saqveynod gaxdeba cnobili yovelive, ris gamoc saqmis ganxilva daixura, agreTve, roca amas kanoni iTvaliswinebs (351-e muxlis pirveli nawili ).
4. me-9 muxlis me-4 nawili, saqarTvelos konstituciis me-8 muxlis Sesabamisad, amkvidrebs princips,
romlis Tanaxmad, samarTalwarmoeba xorcieldeba saxelmwifo enaze. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ena aris qarTuli, xolo afxazeTSi agreTve afxazuri.
es imas niSnavs, rom afxazeTSi samarTalwarmoeba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes rogorc qarTul, ise afxazur
enaze.
samarTalwarmoebis enis armcodne pirs mieCineba
Tarjimani, romlis meSveobiT mas SeuZlia srulad ganaxorcielos yvela is ufleba, rac mas aqvs miniWebuli samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT.
Tarjimnis funqcia ar SeiZleba SeiTavsos mosamarTlem, sxdomis mdivanma an saqmeSi monawile romelime
sxva pirma.
19
muxli 10. sasamarTlo

gadawyvetilebaTa savaldebulooba
kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi (ganCinebebi, dadgenilebebi), agreTve Tavisi uflebamosilebis gansaxorcieleblad sasamarTlos mier aRZruli moTxovnebi da gankargulebebi savaldebuloa saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze
yvela saxelmwifo, sazogadoebrivi Tu kerZo
sawarmosaTvis, dawesebulebisaTvis, organizaciisaTvis, Tanamdebobis pirisa Tu moqalaqisaTvis da isini unda Sesruldes.
_ sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa savaldebulooba
gamomdinareobs saqarTvelos konstituciis 52-e da
`saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos organuli kanonis me-4 muxlebidan.
kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa (ganCinebaTa) savaldebulooba efuZneba kanonis
savaldebuloobas, romlis safuZvelzec es gadawyvetilebaa gamotanili.
gadawyvetilebis savaldebulooba niSnavs imas,
rom:
a) es gadawyvetileba ar SeiZleba gauqmdes an Seicvalos romelime saxelmwifo organos, adgilobrivi
TviTmmarTvelobis organos, sajaro Tu kerZo iuridiuli piris da nebismieri Tanamdebobis piris mier. am
organoebsa da pirebs ufleba ara aqvT sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebisagan gansxvavebuli gadawyvetileba miiRon saqmeze.
sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa gauqmeba, Secvla an
maTi aRsrulebis, SeCereba SeuZlia mxolod sasamarTlos kanoniT gansazRvruli safuZvlebiTa da wesiT (saqarTvelos konstituciis 84-e muxli);
b) saxelmwifo Tu nebismieri sxva organo da Tanamdebobis piri valdebuli arian yovelnairad Seuwyon
20
xeli sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa aRsrulebas, sasamarTlo aRmasruleblis moTxovnebi, mimarTuli kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebisaken, savaldebuloa yvelasaTvis;
g) saxelmwifo Tu sxva organoebi da Tanamdebobis
pirebi valdebuli arian Seasrulon Sesabamisi moqmedebani im uflebaTa gaformebis Tu registraciis mizniT, romlebic dadgenilia kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebiT;
d) sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa kanonieri Zala da
maTi savaldebulooba SeiZleba gavrceldes mxolod
im pirebze, romlebic monawileobdnen ganxilvaSi,
an ufro zustad, romlebic mowveuli iyvnen am saqmis
ganxilvaSi. amitom, gadawyvetilebis gamotana im mxaris mimarT, romelsac ar miuRia Setyobineba saqmis
ganxilvis Sesaxeb, an romelic saerTod ar iyo CarTuli am saqmeSi, aris gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis absoluturi safuZveli (394-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqti ).
_ mxedvelobaSia misaRebi is garemoeba, rom aseT pirebs SeuZliaT gaasaCivron sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba zemdgom sasamarTlo instanciebSi, miuxedavad
imisa, rom isini saerTod ar iyvnen Cabmuli procesSi
mxareebad an Tumca iyvnen Cabmuli, magram ar iyvnen
mowveuli saqmis ganxilvaSi. Tu aseTi gadawyvetileba
Sevida kanonier ZalaSi, maSin maT SeuZliaT mimarTon
sasamarTlos gancxadebiT saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb
(422-e muxlis `b~ da g qvepunqtebi).
21
T a v i
II
uwyebrivi qvemdebareoba
muxli 11. samoqalaqo saqmeebis
uwyebrivi daqvemdebareba
sasamarTloebisadmi
1. samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobiT
dadgenili wesiT sasamarTlo ganixilavs saqmeebs darRveuli Tu sadavod qceuli uflebis, agreTve kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli
interesebis dacvis Sesaxeb, kerZod:
a) samoqalaqo, saojaxo, Sromis, saadgilmamulo, bunebrivi resursebis gamoyenebisa da garemos dacvis urTierTobebidan
warmoSobil davebs moqalaqeebs, moqalaqeebsa da iuridiul pirebs, agreTve iuridiul pirebs Soris;
b) (amoRebulia)
g) (amoRebulia)
d) (amoRebulia)
e) saqmeebs sazogadoebriv da religiur
organizaciebs Soris davis Sesaxeb;
v) udavo warmoebis saqmeebs.
z) saqmeebs reketuli qonebis CamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemasTan
dakavSirebiT.
2. kanoniT, sasamarTloebs SeiZleba daeqvemdebaros sxva kategoriis saqmeTa ganxilvac.
3. zemoT CamoTvlil saqmeebs sasamarTloebi ganixilaven, Tu maTi ganxilva, kanonis Tanaxmad, sxva organos kompetenciaSi ar Sedis.
4. sasamarTloebi ganixilaven saqmeebs,
romlebic saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebidan
22
gamomdinareobs, agreTve im saqmeebs, romlebSic monawileoben ucxo qveynis moqalaqeebi, moqalaqeobis armqone pirebi, sawarmoebi da organizaciebi.
nebismieri organo, romelic Seiqmna da arsebobs ama
Tu im saxelmwifoSi, valdebulia imoqmedos Tavisi uflebamosilebis farglebSi da ar gascdes am farglebs.
rogorc ki romelime organo gascdeba Tavisi uflebamosilebis farglebs, igi iWreba sxva organos kompetenciaSi, e. i. iRebs Tavis Tavze iseTi sakiTxis gadaWris uflebamosilebas, romelic mas ki ara, sxva organos aqvs mikuTvnebuli. aqedan gamomdinare, uwyebrivi qvemdebareoba _ esaa im uflebamosilebaTa erToblioba da farglebi, romelic ama Tu im organos
aqvs gansazRvruli.
1. sasamarTlos, iseve rogorc nebismier sxva organos, zustad aqvs gansazRvruli uflebamosilebaTa
sfero da farglebi da igi bunebrivia ar SeiZleba gascdes am sferosa da farglebs. am mosazrebiTaa ganpirobebuli 272-e muxlis moTxovna, romlis Tanaxmad sasamarTlom unda Sewyvitos saqmis warmoeba, Tu saqme
ar unda iqnes ganxiluli sasamarTloSi imis gamo, rom
kanonis Tanaxmad misi ganxilva sxva uwyebis kompetenciaSi Sedis.
2. amrigad, sasamarTlos uwyebrivi qvemdebareoba (kompetencia, iurisdiqcia) kanoniT gansazRvrul im uflebamosilebaTa erTobliobaa, romelTa farglebSi sasamarTlos SeuZlia miiRos da ganixilos saqmeebi;
_ sasamarTlos uwyebrivi qvemdebareobis Semowmeba SeuZliaT saapelacio da sakasacio sasamarTloebs Tavisi iniciativiT (377-e muxlis me-4 nawili da
404-e muxlis me-3 nawili).
mxedvelobaSia misaRebi isic, rom gadawyvetilebis
gamotana saqmeze, romelic sasamarTlos uwyebrivad
ar eqvemdebareba, aris am gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis
23
absoluturi (udavo) safuZveli (394-e muxlis `g~

qvepunqti).
3. me-11 muxli Seicavs im urTierTobebis mxolod
sanimuSo CamonaTvals, romlebidanac warmoSobil davebs ganixilavs sasamarTlo. aseT CamonaTvals Seicavs
agreTve saqarTvelos administraciuli saproceso kodeqsis me-2 muxli.3
es CamonaTvali marTalia farToa, magram araa amomwuravi. kriteriumi unda iyos erTi _ yovel dainteresebul pirs unda hqondes SesaZlebloba mimarTos sasamarTlos Tavisi uflebis dasacavad, Tu es ufleba
samarTliT regulirebuli urTierTobidan gamomdinareobs, damoukideblad imisa, samarTlis romeli dargiT regulirdeba urTierToba, saidanac es sadavo ufleba warmoiSva. eWvs gareSea, rom es kriteriumi damkvidrebulia konstituciis 42-e muxliT, romlis Tanaxmad, `yovel adamians ufleba aqvs Tavis uflebaTa da
TavisuflebaTa dasacavad mimarTos sasamarTlos~ da
rom `dacvis ufleba garantirebulia~.
4. me-11 muxlis me-4 nawilis Tanaxmad, sasamarTloebi ganixilaven saerTaSoriso kerZo samarTlebrivi
urTierTobebidan warmoSobil davebs. saqarTvelos
sasamarTloebis saerTaSoriso kompetenciis (gansjadobis) SemTxvevebs, agreTve saqarTvelos sasamarTloebis gansakuTrebul saerTaSoriso kompetencias
gansazRvravs saqarTvelos kanoni `saerTaSoriso kerZo samarTlis Sesaxeb~ (me-8-20 muxlebi).
muxli 12. davis gadacema

gansaxilvelad arbitraJisaTvis
qonebrivi dava, mxareTa SeTanxmebiT, SeiZleba gadaeces gansaxilvelad arbitraJs.
3.
maia vaCaZe, inga Todria, paata turava, naTia wkeplaZe.

saqarTvelos administraciuli saproceso kodeqsis
komentari, Tb. 2005, gv 15.
24
1997 wlis 17 aprils miRebul iqna saqarTvelos kanoni `kerZo arbitraJis Sesaxeb~. am kanonis pirveli
muxlis Tanaxmad, pirebs Soris wamoWrili samoqalaqo dava maTive SeTanxmebiT SeiZleba gansaxilvelad
gadaeces mudmivmoqmed an am davisaTvis sagangebod
Seqmnil droebiT kerZo arbitraJs. aseTi SeTanaxmeba
ideba werilobiTi formiT.
`kerZo arbitraJis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis
pirveli muxli ar Seesabameba samoqalaqo saproceso
kodeqsis me-12 muxls, romlis Tanaxmad kerZo arbitraJs SeiZleba gansaxilvelad gadaeces mxolod `qonebrivi dava~. samoqalaqo dava ufro farToa, vidre
qonebrivi dava. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis
pirveli muxlis Tanaxmad, ès kodeqsi awesrigebs pirTa Tanasworobaze damyarebul kerZo xasiaTis qonebriv, saojaxo da pirad urTierTobebs~.
amrigad, samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis me-12 muxlis Tanaxmad, mxareebs SeuZliaT SeTanxmdnen mxolod
qonebrivi xasiaTis davebisa da ara mTlianad yovelgvari samoqalaqo davis kerZo arbitraJSi ganxilvis Sesaxeb.
_ kolizia samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqssa da `kerZo arbitraJis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanons Soris unda
gadawydes samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis sasargeblod, vinaidan igi aris specialuri kanoni, romelic
gansazRvravs samoqalaqo davebis gansjadobasa da ganxilvis wesebs. aqedan gamomdinare, mxareTa SeTanxmebas araqonebrivi xasiaTis davebis arbitraJSi ganxilvis Sesaxeb, ar aqvs sasamarTlosaTvis savaldebulo
Zala da aseTi dava SeiZleba ganixilos sasamarTlom,
miuxedavad imisa, arsebobs Tu ara mxareTa saarbitraJo SeTanxmeba.
sxva mxriv, mxareTa saarbitraJo SeTanxmeba qonebrivi davebis arbitraJis mier ganxilvis Sesaxeb, savaldebuloa sasamarTlosaTvis da man ar unda miiRos sarCeli gansaxilvelad Tu aseTi SeTanxmeba arsebobs (186-
25
e muxlis `d~ qvepunqti), xolo Tu igi SecdomiTaa miRebuli _ Sewyvitos saqmis warmoeba (272 -e muxlis `v~
qvepunqti).
_ Tu mxareTa werilobiTi SeTanxmeba qonebrivi davis kerZo arbitraJSi ganxilvis Sesaxeb dadebulia samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis me-12 muxlis farglebSi, am SeTanxmebis calmxrivad moSla dauSvebelia. mxareebs SeuZliaT mxolod aseve urTierTSeTanxmebiT
Secvalon TavianTi pirvandeli SeTanxmeba da davis
gansaxilvelad mimarTon sasamarTlos, rac agreTve werilobiT unda gaformdes;
aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda miiRos sarCeli gansaxilvelad (`kerZo arbitraJis Sesaxeb~
saqarTvelos kanonis 30-e muxli).
_ saarbitraJo sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba savaldebuloa mxareebisaTvis da igi SeiZleba aRsruldes
iZulebiTi wesiT (`saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb~
saqarTvelos kanonis me-2 muxlis pirveli punqtis `z~
qvepunqti).
_ saarbitraJo gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gaasaCivron
sasamarTloSi mxareebma (`kerZo arbitraJis Sesaxeb~
saqarTvelos kanonis 43-e da 44-e muxlebi).
26
T a v i
III
gansjadoba
muxli 13. raionuli (saqalaqo)
sasamarTlos gansjadi samoqalaqo
saqmeebi
1. raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlo pirveli
instanciiT ganixilavs sasamarTlosadmi
uwyebrivad daqvemdebarebul samoqalaqo
saqmeebs.
2. raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos SemadgenlobaSi SeiZleba Sediodes magistrati mosamarTle, romelic ganixilavs am
kodeqsis me-14 muxliT gaTvaliswinebul
saqmeebs raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos
samoqmedo teritoriaze arsebul administraciul-teritoriul erTeulebSi.
3. im administraciul-teritoriul erTeulSi, sadac ar moqmedebs magistrati
mosamarTle, agreTve misi aryofnis SemTxvevaSi, am kodeqsis me-14 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli saqmeebi SeiZleba ganixilos
raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos sxva mosamarTlem.
4. Tu arsebobs erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli ramdenime sasarCelo moTxovna,
romelTagan erT-erTi ar ganekuTvneba magistrati mosamarTlis gansjad saqmes, saqmes
ganixilavs raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos sxva mosamarTle.
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdebloba erTmaneTisagan ganasxvavebs sasamarTlos uwyebriv qvemdebareobas (saqveuwyebobas) da gansjadobas.
sasamarTlos uwyebrivi qvemdebareoba pasuxobs kiTx27
vaze: ganekuTvneba Tu ara saqme saerTo sasamarTloebs, Sedis Tu ara am saqmis ganxilva saerTo sasamarTloebis kompetenciaSi (iurisdiqciaSi). mas Semdeg,
rac es sakiTxi dadebiTad gadawydeba, wamoiWreba meore sakiTxi: romelma sasamarTlom unda ganixilos
uwyebrivad saerTo sasamarTloebisadmi daqvemdebarebuli konkretuli samoqalaqo saqme. am kiTxvaze
pasuxis gasacemad arsebobs samoqalaqo saproceso samarTlis meore instituti, romelsac gansjadoba
ewodeba.
1. me-13 muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad
sasamarTloebisadmi uwyebrivad qvemdebare saqmeebs
pirveli instanciiT ganixilaven raionuli (saqalaqo)
sasamarTloebi. Sesabamisad gansjadoba awesrigebs
saqmeebis ganawilebis sakiTxs calkeuli raionuli
(saqalaqo) sasamarTloebis mixedviT (me-15-24-e
muxlebi).
Tu sasamarTlom ganixila aragansjadi saqme, am
saqmeze gamotanili gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba
yovelTvis araa dasaSvebi. magaliTad, Tu ar aris
kanoniT dadgenili erTmniSvnelovnad gansjadi
sasamarTlo, maSin mxareebs SeuZliaT daadginon
urTierTSeTanxmebiT sasamarTlos gansjadoba (21-e
muxli). aragansjadi sasamarTlo SeiZleba gansjadi
gaxdes im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac mopasuxe amis
winaaRmdegi ar aris da Tanaxmaa monawileoba miiRos
aragansjadi sasamarTlos mier saqmis ganxilvaSi (21-e
muxli).
2. raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos SemadgenlobaSi
SeiZleba Sediodes magistrati mosamarTle, romelic
moqmedebs am raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos
teritoriaze misTvis gankuTvnil administraciulteritoriul erTeulSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi magistrati
mosamarTle
ganixilavs
me-14
muxliT
gaTvaliswinebuli kategoriis saqmeebs.
3. magistrati mosamarTlis gansjadi saqme (me-14
muxli) SeiZleba ganixilos raionuli (saqalaqo)
28
sasamarTlos sxva mosamarTlem mxolod im

SemTxvevaSi, Tu raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos
administraciul-teritoriul erTeulSi ar moqmedebs
magistrati mosamarTle, an ama Tu im mizezis gamo
(Svebuleba, avadmyofoba) igi ar imyofeba Tavis
samoqmedo teritoriaze.
4. mosarCeles SeuZlia erT sarCelSi gaaerTianos am
sasamarTlos gansjadi ramdenime sasarCelo moTxovna.
garda amisa Tu sasamarTlos warmoebaSia ramdenime
erTgvarovani da erTmaneTTan samarTlebrivad
dakavSirebuli saqme, sasamarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi
iniciativiT, an mxaris SuamdgomlobiT gaaerTianos es
saqmeebi (182-e muxli).
me-13 muxlis me-4 nawili krZalavs magistrati
mosamarTlis mier saqmis ganxilvas, Tu am
gaerTianebuli moTxovnebidan erT-erTi mainc ar
ganekuTvneba mis gansjadobas. aseT SemTxvevaSi saqme
mTlianad unda ganixilos raionuli (saqalaqo)
sasamarTlos sxva mosamarTlem.
muxli 14. magistrat mosamarTleTa

gansjadi samoqalaqo saqmeebi
magistrati mosamarTleebi pirveli instanciiT ganixilaven Semdeg saqmeebs:
a) qonebriv davebs, Tu sarCelis fasi ar
aRemateba 2000 lars;
b) udavo da gamartivebuli warmoebis
saqmeebs, garda Svilad ayvanis, agreTve
gamartivebuli wesiT gadaxdis da qonebis
upatronod cnobis saqmeebisa, Tu moTxovnis an qonebis Rirebuleba aRemateba 2000
larsK;
g) saojaxo-samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan
gamomdinare davebs, garda Svilad ayvanis,
mSoblis uflebis CamorTmevis, mamobis
dadgenis da ganqorwinebis saqmeebisa, Tu
29
meuRleebs Soris arsebobs dava bavSvis

mikuTvnebis Taobaze
d) amoRebulia (13.07.2006 #3435)
me-14 muxli amomwuravad gansazRvravs magistrat
mosamarTleTa gansjad saqmeebs. es imas niSnavs, rom
garda am muxlSi miTiTebuli saqmeebisa, maT ar SeuZliaT ganixilon sxva saqmeebi. magistrat mosamarTles
ufleba ara aqvs gaafarTovos an Sewyvitos kanoniT
gansazRvruli misTvis gansjadi saqmeebis wre.
magistrat mosamarTleTa gansjadia:
a) sasarCelo warmoebis wesiT aRZruli nebismieri
qonebrivi dava, Tu sarCelis fasi ar aRemateba 2000
lars.
sarCelis fass anu davis sagnis fass miuTiTebs
mosarCele. mosamarTles mxolod im SemTxvevaSi
SeuZlia gansazRvros davis sagnis Rirebuleba, Tu
mosarCelis mier miTiTebuli fasi aSkarad ar
Seesabameba sadavo qonebis realur Rirebulebas. davis
sagnis fasis gansazRvra xdeba me-40 da 41-e muxlebiT
dadgenili wesiT.
araqonebrivi davebi, Tu isini ar gamomdinareoben
am muxlis b da g qvepunqtebSi miTiTebuli
urTierTobebidan, magistrat mosamarTleTa gansjadi
araa.
b) me-14 muxlis b qvepunqtis azrisa da Sinaarsis
mixedviT magistrat mosamarTleTa gansjadia:
1. udavo warmoebis wesiT gansaxilveli nebismieri
saqme, romlebic CamoTvlilia ssk meeqvse karSi (310-e
muxli), garda Svilad ayvanisa (349-e-351-e muxlebi da
qonebis upatronod cnobisa (337-e-341-e muxlebi), Tu
am qonebis Rirebuleba ar aRemateba 2000 lars.
2. gamartivebuli wesiT gansaxilveli nebismieri
saqme, romlebic CamoTvlilia ssk mexuTe karSi (292-e3097-e muxlebi) garda davalianebis gadaxdevinebis
30
Sesaxeb saqmeebisa, Tu gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb

moTxovnis Rirebuleba ar aRemateba 2000 lars.
g) magistrat mosamarTleTa gansjadia saojaxo
samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan gamomdinare
nebismieri dava, garda saqmeebisa:
1. Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb. rogorc vxedavT arc
udavo warmoebis wesiT (ix. zemoT b qvepunqtis
komentari) da arc sadavo anu sasarCelo warmoebis
wesiT Svilad ayvanis saqmis ganxilva ar Sedis
magistrat mosamarTleTa kompetenciaSi.
unda aRiniSnos, rom Svilad ayvana kidev erTxelaa
moxseniebuli 312-e muxlis g qvepunqtSi, magram aq
mxedvelobaSia ara Svilad ayvanis saqmis ganxilva,
aramed Svilad ayvanis registraciis faqtis
dadgena, anu iseTi SemTxveva, rodesac Svilad ayvanas
hqonda adgili, magram am faqtis registraciis dadgena
sxva gziT SeuZlebelia, radgan aseTi registraciis
masalebi ama Tu im mizeziT ganadgurebulia. Svilad
ayvanis registraciis faqtis dadgena magistrat
mosamarTlis mier kanoniT pirdapir araa akrZaluli,
rac imas niSnavs, rom magistrat mosamarTles SeuZlia
am faqtis dadgena.
2. mSoblis uflebis CamorTmevis Sesaxeb, rasac
iTvaliswinebs samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1205-e muxli4.
3. mamobis dadgenis Sesaxeb. samoqalaqo kodeqsis
1190-e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad Svilis
warmoSoba dauqorwinebeli mSoblebisagan dgindeba
samoqalaqo reestris saagentos teritoriul
samsaxurSi mSoblebis mier erToblivi gancxadebis
SetaniT. amave muxlis me-2 nawilis mixedviT, Tu
arsebobs mSobelTa erToblivi gancxadeba mamoba
SeiZleba dadgindes sasamarTlos wesiT, romelsac
ganixilavs raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlo.
________________________
4
ix. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari. wigni

mexuTe. t. I.
31
4. ganqorwinebis Sesaxeb saqmeebs, romlebsac

ganixilavs raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlo.
ganqorwinebis saqmeebs ganixilavs magistrati
mosamarTle mxolod erTi pirobiT Tu gansaqorwinebel
meuRleebs Soris ar arsebobs dava bavSvis mikuTvnebis
Taobaze.
rac Seexeba saqmeebs qorwinebis baTilad cnobis
Sesaxeb, isini SeiZleba ganixilos mxolod raionulma
(saqalaqo) sasamarTloebma.
muxli 15. saerTo gansjadoba

1. sasamarTlos sarCeli waredgineba mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. sarCeli iuridiuli piris mimarT sasamarTlos waredgineba iuridiuli piris adgilsamyoflis mixedviT. arasasarCelo warmoebis dros gansjadoba ganisazRvreba im piris sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, romlis winaaRmdegac mimarTulia gancxadeba
(saCivari).
11 . sarCelebi (gancxadebebi) am kodeqsis
me-14 muxliT gaTvaliswinebul saqmeebze
sasamarTloSi Seitaneba magistrati mosamarTlis samoqmedo teritoriis mixedviT,
xolo im administraciul-teritoriul
erTeulSi, sadac ar moqmedebs magistrati
mosamarTle - raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi.
2. Tu mopasuxes ar aqvs sacxovrebeli
adgili, sarCeli ganixileba sasamarTloSi
saqarTvelos teritoriaze misi adgilsamyoflis mixedviT, xolo Tu mopasuxis adgilsamyofeli ucnobia, maSin sarCeli Se-
32
iZleba aRiZras misi ukanaskneli sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.

1. me-15 muxli gansazRvravs teritoriuli gansjadobis saerTo wess. am saerTo wesis mixedviT xdeba nebismieri sarCelis (gancxadebis) aRZvra sasamarTloSi, Tu kanonmdeblobiT sxva ram araa dadgenili. gamonaklisebs am saerTo wesidan samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis me-16-24-e muxlebi warmoadgenen, romlebic gansjadobis sakiTxebs awesrigeben.
a) fizikur pirebs SeiZleba hqondeT ramdenime sacxovrebeli bina Tu saxli, xolo aqedan gamomdinare
ramdenime sacxovrebeli adgili. amitom SeiZleba wamoiWras sakiTxi: romeli adgili iTvleba mopasuxis
sacxovrebel adgilad?
samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-20 muxlis Tanaxmad, `fizikuri piris sacxovrebel adgilad miiCneva adgili, romelsac igi Cveulebriv sacxovrebel adgilad irCevs.
pirs SeiZleba hqondes ramdenime sacxovrebeli adgili~. amJamad saqarTveloSi Caweris nacvlad SemoRebulia registracia. es imas niSnavs, rom fizikuri piris
mimarT sarCeli aRiZvreba sasamarTloSi mopasuxis saregistracio aRricxvis adgilis mixedviT.
gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom sasamarTlo ar axdens mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis dadgenas. mopasuxis
sacxovrebeli adgilis miTiTebis movaleoba ekisreba TviTon mosarCeles (ix. 178-e muxlis komentari). sarCeli SeiZleba aRiZras arasrulwlovnebis mimarTac. àrasrulwlovanis sacxovrebel adgilad iTvleba mSoblis uflebis mqone mSoblebis sacxovrebeli adgili~ (samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-20 muxlis me-2 nawili). es imas niSnavs, rom sarCelebi arasrulwlovnebis mimarT unda aRiZras sasamarTloSi kanonieri warmomadgenlebis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, Tundac arasrulwlovnebi sxvagan cxovrobdnen. rac Seexeba araqmedunarianad an SezRudulqmedunarianad
33
aRiarebul pirebs, sarCelebi SeiZleba aRiZras maTi

sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.
rac Seexeba iseT pirebs, romlebic ixdian sasjels
an imyofebian sagamoZiebo izolaciaSi, sarCelebi maT
mimarT aRiZvris maTi ukanaskneli sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT an qonebis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT;
b) sarCelebi iuridiuli pirebis mimarT sasamarTlos waredgineba am iuridiuli pirebis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT.
gansjadobis am wesebzea agebuli samoqalaqo kodeqsisa da `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis Sesabamisi normebi. magaliTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 31-e
muxlis me-3 nawilis Tanaxmad, kavSiris registraciisaTvis aucilebeli masalebi waredgineba kavSiris adgilsamyoflis mixedviT arsebul sasamarTlos. amave
kodeqsis 32-e muxlis me-2 nawilis `g~ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, kavSiris Sesaxeb wesdeba unda Seicavdes adgilsamyofels (iuridiul misamarTs). es imas niSnavs,
rom sarCelebi kavSiris (fondis) mimarT waredgineba
sasamarTlos maTive wesdebaSi miTiTebuli misamarTis
mixedviT.5 igive wesia damkvidrebuli `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-5 muxliT. am muxlis Tanaxmad gancxadeba reestrSi registraciis Sesaxeb Seitaneba sazogadoebis iuridiuli misamarTis mixedviT,
romelic aucileblad unda iyos miTiTebuli sazogadoebis wesdebaSi;6
g) sasarCelo warmoebis gverdiT samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi awesrigebs udavo warmoebas da gamartivebul warmoebas. udavo warmoebis wesiT sasamarTlo
ganixilavs saqmeebs saerTo wesebiT (ix. 311-e muxli).
amasTan erTad, samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi adgens
gamonaklisebs am saerTo wesebidan. magaliTad, gancxadeba iuridiuli mniSvnelobis faqtebis dadgenis SesaqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni pirveli,
Tb., 1999, gv. 72.
6
. l. Wanturia, T.niniZe, mewarmeTa Sesaxeb kanonis komentari,
g-ba samarTali, Tb., 2002, gv.81.
5.
34
saxeb Seitaneba sasamarTloSi ganmcxadeblis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, xolo gancxadeba moqalaqis
SezRudulqmedunarianad an qmeduunarod aRiarebis
Sesaxeb Seitaneba sasamarTloSi am moqalaqis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT (322-e muxli).
2. me-15 muxlis 11 nawili gansazRvravs magistrat
mosamarTleTa teritoriuli gansjadobis sakiTxs:
magistrat mosamarTleTa gansjad saqmeebze sarCelebi
da gancxadebebi Seitaneba magistrat mosamarTlis
samoqmedo teritoriis mixedviT.
magaliTad, magistrat mosamarTlis samoqmedo
teritoriaa vanis raioni, xolo mosarCele
(ganmcxadebeli) cxovrobs am raionis teritoriaze. man
sarCeli unda Seitanos magistrat mosamarTlis
saxelze. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu vanis administraciul
teritoriul erTeulSi ar moqmedebs magistrati
mosamarTle - sarCeli (gancxadeba) Setanili unda iqnes
samtrediis raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi,
romelsac ganixilavs am sasamarTlos mosamarTle.
saqmis gadacema gansaxilvelad im administraciul
teritoriuli erTeulidan, sadac ar moqmedebs
magistrati mosamarTle am raionis (qalaqis) sxva
administraciul teritoriul erTeulSi moqmedi
magistrati
mosamarTlisaTvis
kanoniT
gaTvaliswinebuli araa. aseT SemTxvevaSi saqmeebs
ganixilavs raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos
mosamarTle.
3. me-15 muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs gansjadobas iseT SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mopasuxes ara aqvs sacxovrebeli adgili. amasTan, erTmaneTisagan ansxvavebs
mopasuxis `sacxovrebel adgils~ da mis àdgilsamyofels~. sacxovrebel adgilad miCneul unda iqnes mopasuxis registraciis adgili, magram Tu aseTi adgili
cnobili araa, maSin sarCeli SeiZleba Setanil iqnes sasamarTloSi mopasuxis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT. cxadia, mxedvelobaSia ara misi moklevadiani yofna ama Tu
im adgilas, aramed sakmaod xangrZlivi droiT misi yofna am adgilas, rac SeiZleba ganpirobebuli iyos ama Tu
im samuSaos SesrulebiT, xangrZlivi mivlinebiT, mkur35
nalobiT da a. S. sakiTxi, Tu drois ra monakveTia sakmarisi, rom sasamarTlom miiRos da ganixilos sarCeli _
damokidebulia TviTon sasamarTlos mixedulebaze.
yvela SemTxvevaSi, es vada ar unda iyos samoqalaqo
saqmis sasamarTloSi ganxilvis orTvian vadaze meti.
ar aris gamoricxuli, rom sasamarTloSi gansjadobis wesebis dacviT saqmis warmoebis gaxsnis Semdeg
mopasuxem Seicvalos sacxovrebeli adgili, magram es
ver gaxdeba gansjadobis Secvlisa da sxva sasamarTlosaTvis am saqmis gadacemis safuZveli ( 22-e muxli).
muxli 16. gansakuTrebuli

gansjadoba
1. sarCeli ramdenime mopasuxis mimarT
sasamarTlos waredgineba erT-erTi mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.
2. xelSekrulebidan gamomdinare sarCelebi sasamarTlos waredgineba xelSekrulebis Sesrulebis adgilis an im adgilis
mixedviT, sadac xelSekruleba unda Sesrulebuliyo.
3. sarCeli, romelic gamomdinareobs iuridiuli piris filialis saqmianobidan, sasamarTlos waredgineba filialis adgilmdebareobis mixedviT.
4. sarCelebi kanonismier an anderZismier
memkvidreobasTan dakavSirebiT sasamarTlos waredgineba mamkvidreblis gardacvalebamde misi sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. Tu mamkvidrebeli saqarTvelos moqalaqea, magram gardacvalebis momentisTvis
igi sazRvargareT cxovrobda, sasamarTloSi
sarCeli SeiZleba aRiZras saqarTveloSi misi
36
ukanaskneli sacxovrebeli adgilis an samkvidro qonebis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT.

1. me-16 muxlis pirveli nawili, uwinares yovlisa,
iTvaliswinebs mosarCelis interesebs _ uadvilebs mas
saqmis warmoebas sasamarTloSi, roca aRZravs sarCels
ramdenime mopasuxis mimarT. ramdenime mopasuxis mimarT sarCelis aRZvra ki SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos
sxvadasxva mizeziT, magaliTad, mosarCelis qonebas an
janmrTelobas erTad miayena ziani ramdenime pirma,
romlebic sxvadasxva raionis (qalaqis) teritoriaze
cxovroben. aseT da sxva analogiur SemTxvevebSi mosarCeles SeuZlia airCios sasamarTlo erT-erTi mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.
_ gansjadoba erT-erTi mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT gansxvavdeba alternatiuli gansjadobisagan. alternatiuli gansjadobis dros mosarCeles SeuZlia aRZras sarCeli sasamarTloSi mopasuxis
sacxovrebeli adgilis, misi adgilmdebareobis an misi
qonebis mdebareobis mixedviT, xolo gansjadoba me16 muxlis pirveli nawilis mixedviT uflebas aZlevs
mosarCeles airCios sasamarTlo mxolod erT-erTi mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, rac ar cvlis
teritoriuli gansjadobis zogad princips.
2. xelSekrulebis an am xelSekrulebidan gamomdinare valdebulebis Sesrulebis adgilad iTvleba is
adgili, romelic am xelSekrulebiTaa gaTvaliswinebuli. samoqalaqo kodeqsis 362-e muxlis Tanaxmad, Tu
Sesrulebis adgili ar aris gansazRvruli, maSin unda
vixelmZRvaneloT valdebulebaTa urTierTobis arsiT. magaliTad, nagebobis remontis valdebulebis Sesrulebis adgili iqneba is adgili, sadac es nageboba mdebareobs. Tu Sesrulebis adgili arc TviTon xelSekrulebidan da arc misi Sesrulebis arsidan ar gamomdinareobs, maSin xelSekrulebis Sesrulebis adgili
individualurad gansazRvruli sagnis SemTxvevaSi iqneba is adgili, sadac es sagani imyofeboda xelSekru37
lebis dadebis momentisaTvis, gvareobiT gansazRvruli sagnis SemTxvevaSi _ adgili, sadac imyofeba movalis sawarmo, xolo Tu aseTi ar aris, maSin misi sacxovrebeli adgili (iuridiuli misamarTi).7 magaliTad, agaris Saqris sawarmos warmomadgenlobam dado xelSekruleba q. foTSi Saqris garkveuli raodenobis miwodebis Sesaxeb. xelSekrulebiTi valdebulebis Sesrulebis adgilad, Tu es ar aris gansazRvruli TviTon
xelSekrulebaSi, unda CaiTvalos adgili, sadac mdebareobs agaris Saqris sawarmo. es imas niSnavs, rom sarCeli unda aRiZras im sasamarTloSi, romlis teritoriaze mdebareobs movale sawarmo, anu agaris Saqris
sawarmo.
3. me-16 muxlis me-3 nawili gansazRvravs gansjadobas iuridiuli piris filialis adgilmdebareobis mixedviT. iuridiuli piris filiali gancalkevebuli
qvedanayofia, romelic mdebareobs iuridiuli piris
adgilsamyoflis gareT da axorcielebs im iuridiuli
piris funqciebs, romlis qvedanayofic is aris (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 28-e muxli).
_ imisaTvis, rom sarCeli aRiZras iuridiuli piris
filialis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT, savaldebuloa
erTi piroba: sarCeli unda gamomdinareobdes iuridiuli piris filialis (da ara TviTon iuridiuli
piris) saqmianobidan.
4. nebismieri sarCeli, romelic gamomdinareobs kanonismieri an anderZismieri memkvidreobidan, waredgineba sasamarTlos im sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, sadac cxovrobda mamkvidrebeli gardacvalebamde. me-16 muxlis me-4 nawili gansazRvravs gansjadobas im SemTxvevaSic, roca mamkvidrebeli saqarTvelos
moqalaqe iyo da gardacvalebis momentisaTvis igi sazRvargareT cxovrobda. aseT SemTxvevaSi kanoni uSvebs
7.
z. axvlediani, valdebulebiTi samarTali, meore gamocema,

Tb., 1999, gv. 46-47.
38
alternatiul gansjadobas: sarCeli SeiZleba aRiZras

sasamarTloSi mamkvidreblis ukanaskneli sacxovrebeli adgilis, an samkvidro qonebis adgilsamyoflis
mixedviT.
muxli 17. sarCelis aRZvra mopasuxis

mimarT, romelsac saqarTveloSi ar
aqvs sacxovrebeli adgili
(qonebrivi gansjadoba)
sarCeli im mopasuxis mimarT, romelsac
saqarTveloSi ara aqvs sacxovrebeli adgili, sasamarTlos SeiZleba waredginos mopasuxis qonebis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT,
xolo Tu moTxovna uzrunvelyofilia raime nivTiT, sarCeli SeiZleba aRiZras am
nivTis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT.
_ me-17 muxli gansazRvravs gansjadobas im SemTxvevisaTvis, rodesac mopasuxes saqarTveloSi ar aqvs
sacxovrebeli adgili. aq igulisxmeba mopasuxe, romelic saqarTvelos moqalaqea, Tumca ar aqvs sacxovrebeli adgili.
amrigad, sarCeli mopasuxis mimarT, romelic saqarTvelos moqalaqea, magram saqarTveloSi ar aqvs sacxovrebeli adgili, SeiZleba aRiZras aseTi mopasuxis
qonebis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT, xolo Tu moTxovna uzrunvelyofilia raime nivTiT _ am nivTis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT.
_ moTxovnis raime nivTiT uzrunvelyofaSi aq uwinares yovlisa igulisxmeba materialur-samarTlebrivi uzrunvelyofis saSualebebi, magaliTad, girao da
ipoTeka,8 magram ar aris gamoricxuli jer araRZruli
8.
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni meore,

Tb., 1999, gv.193.
39
sarCelis uzrunvelyofa da Sesabamisad sarCelis aRvZra aseTi mopasuxis yadaRadadebuli qonebis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT (192-e muxli).
muxli 18. nivTobrivi gansjadoba

1. sarCeli sakuTrebis uflebis, qonebis
uflebrivi datvirTvis an aseTi datvirTvisagan gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb, agreTve qonebis gayofasTan, ganawilebasa da flobasTan dakavSirebuli sarCeli, Tu dava
exeba uZrav nivTebze, maT Soris, miwis nakveTze uflebas, SeiZleba Setanil iqnes
sasamarTloSi nivTebis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT.
2. nivTobriv gansjadobas ganekuTvneba
sarCeli, romelic mimarTulia uZravi nivTis mesakuTris an mflobelis winaaRmdeg,
agreTve sarCeli, romelic aRZrulia uZravi nivTis dazianebis an zaralis anazRaurebis gamo.
me-18 muxli Seicavs im sarCelebis amomwurav CamonaTvals, romlebic SeiZleba aRiZras nivTebis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT. amasTan erTad, mxedvelobaSia
mxolod uZravi nivTebi, maT Soris miwis nakveTi.
1. me-18 muxlis pirveli nawili amkvidrebs aq CamoTvlili sarCelebis nivTebis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT
aRZvris SesaZleblobas. es imas niSnavs, rom es sarCelebi SeiZleba aRiZras agreTve saerTo gansjadobis,
e. i. mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis (adgilsamyoflis) mixedviT, mosarCelis arCeviT.
2. nivTobrivi gansjadobis wesiT, e. i. nivTebis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT, SeiZleba aRiZras sarCeli uZravi nivTis mesakuTris an mflobelis winaaRmdeg, magaliTad, sarCeli sxvisi ukanono mflobelobidan nivTis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb, sarCeli mesakuTris mier uf40
lebis borotad gamoyenebis aRkveTis Sesaxeb, sarCeli uZravi nivTis dazianebis an zaralis anazRaurebis
Sesaxeb.
muxli 19. ojaxuri davebis

gansjadoba
1. sarCeli qorwinebis Sewyvetis, qorwinebis baTilad cnobis, agreTve qorwinebis
arsebobisa Tu ararsebobis dadgenis Sesaxeb SeiZleba Setanil iqnes sasamarTloSi
meuRleebis erToblivi sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. Tu sarCelis Setanis droisaTvis aseTi adgili ar arsebobs, maSin
sarCeli SeiZleba Setanil iqnes mopasuxis
sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, xolo Tu
mas ar gaaCnia sacxovrebeli adgili saqarTveloSi, maSin saqmes ganixilavs sasamarTlo mosarCelis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.
2. Tu mosarCelesTan cxovroben arasrulwlovani Svilebi, rac aZnelebs mis gamocxadebas sasamarTloSi mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, saqme SeiZleba mosarCelis TxovniT gairCes sasamarTloSi misi sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.
3. amoRebulia
4. sarCeli mamobis dadgenis Sesaxeb SeiZleba wardgenil iqnes sasamarTloSi bavSvis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.
5. sarCeli alimentis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba wardgenil iqnes sasamarTloSi mosarCelis sacxovrebeli adgilis
mixedviT.
1. me-19 muxli uflebas aZlevs mosarCeles gadauxvios me-15 muxliT gansazRvrul saerTo gansjadobis
41
wess, romlis Tanaxmad sarCeli sasamarTlos waredgineba mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. saerTo gansjadobis wesidan aseTi gadaxvevis SesaZlebloba zogjer gamowveulia mosarCelisaTvis SeRavaTiani
pirobebis SeqmniT, bavSvis interesebiT, sxva raionSi
an qalaqSi gamgzavrebis siZneleebiT da a. S.
2. swored am mosazrebebiTaa nakarnaxevi me-19 muxlis meore nawilSi Camoyalibebuli wesi, romlis Tanaxmad sarCeli qorwinebis Sewyvetis, baTilad cnobis,
agreTve qorwinebis arsebobisa Tu ararsebobis dadgenis Sesaxeb, Setanil unda iqnes sasamarTloSi mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, magram Tu mosarCelesTan cxovroben arasrulwlovani Svilebi, saqme SeiZleba mosarCelis TxovniT gairCes sasamarTloSi misi sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.
amrigad, imisaTvis, rom aseTi saqme gairCes sasamarTloSi mosarCelis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT,
unda arsebobdes mosarCelis werilobiTi Txovna sasamarTlosadmi imis Sesaxeb, rom masTan cxovroben
arasrulwlovani Svilebi, rac aZnelebs mis gamocxadebas sasamarTloSi mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis
mixedviT, ris gamoc iTxovs saqmis ganxilvas sasamarTloSi Tavisi sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.
3. aseTive mosazrebebiTaa ganpirobebuli me-19 muxlis me-3 da me-4 nawilebiT gaTvaliswinebuli mamobis
dadgenisa da alimentis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb sarCelebis aRZvris SesaZlebloba, Sesabamisad bavSvisa da
mosarCelis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, rac ar
arTmevs uflebas mosarCeles aRZras sarCeli saerTo
gansjadobis mixedviT, e. i. mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.
muxli 20. gansjadoba mosarCelis

arCeviT
sasamarTlos arCevis ufleba, Tu saqme
42
ramdenime sasamarTlos gansjadia, ekuTvnis mosarCeles.

_ yvela SemTxvevaSi, rodesac samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs sarCelis aRZvris SesaZleblobas ramdenime sasamarTloSi, maSin mosarCeles SeuZlia TviTon airCios aseTi sasamarTlo. magaliTad,
sarCeli alimentis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba
wardgenil iqnes sasamarTloSi, rogorc mopasuxis, ise
mosarCelis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. romel sasamarTlos mimarTos mosarCelem, damokidebulia mis
arCevanze.
muxli 21. SeTanxmeba gansjadobis

Sesaxeb
1. Tu ar aris dadgenili erTmniSvnelovnad gansjadi sasamarTlo, maSin mxareebs
SeuZliaT SeTanxmebis gziT daadginon sasamarTlos gansjadoba. SeTanxmeba formdeba werilobiT.
2. aragansjadi sasamarTlo SeiZleba gansjadi gaxdes im SemTxvevaSic, Tu mopasuxe
winaaRmdegi ar aris, rom saqme ganixilos
aragansjadma sasamarTlom da Tanaxmaa monawileoba miiRos saqmis ganxilvaSi, amasTan, Tu mopasuxe warmodgenili iqneba advokatiT an miecema ganmarteba sasamarTlos aragansjadobisa da misi Sedegebis,
agreTve imis Sesaxeb, rom mas ufleba aqvs
wamoayenos Sesagebeli aragansjadobis winaaRmdeg. sasamarTlos mier mopasuxisaTvis aseTi ganmartebis micemis Sesaxeb unda
aRiniSnos sasamarTlo oqmSi.
1. gansjadobis ori saxis Secvla ar SeiZleba mxareTa SeTanxmebiT. esaa gansakuTrebuli gansjadoba da
43
gvareobiTi gansjadoba. gansakuTrebuli gansjadoba

Camoyalibebulia me-16 muxlSi, xolo gvareobiTi gansjadoba me-13 da me-14 muxlebSi, agreTve saqarTvelos
administraciuli saproceso kodeqsis me-5 da me-6 muxlebSi. gvareobiTi gansjadoba _ esaa samoqalaqo da administraciul saqmeTa ganawileba sxvadasxva donis
(rgolis) sasamarTloebs Soris: magaliTad, raionuli
sasamarTlos gansjad saqmeebs ver ganixilavs magistrati mosamarTle (me-13 da me-14 muxlebi)
mxareTa SeTanxmeba gansjadobis Sesaxeb werilobiT
unda Camoyalibdes an TviTon mxareTa mier dadebul
werilobiT garigebaSi (magaliTad, werilobiT gaformebuli qiravnobis xelSekrulebaSi), an specialurad
gansjadobis Sesaxeb dadebul SeTanxmebaSi. Tu mxareTa werilobiTi SeTanxmebis Sesabamisad, samoqalaqo
saqme ganixila aragansjadma sasamarTlom, maSin mxares erTmeva ufleba daasabuTos Tavisi saCivari zemdgom sasamarTloSi aragansjadobis meSveobiT da moiTxovos gadawvetilebis (ganCinebis) gauqmeba im motiviT, rom saqme aragansjadma sasamarTlom ganixila.
2. 21-e muxlis meore nawilis Tanaxmad, aragansjadi
sasamarTlo SeiZleba gansjadi gaxdes mxareTa winaswari werilobiTi SeTanxmebis gareSec, oRond amisaTvis aucilebelia ramdenime pirobis arseboba. es pirobebia:
a) mopasuxe Tanaxmaa monawileoba miiRos aragansjadi sasamarTlos mier saqmis ganxilvaSi da aseTi misi
Tanxmoba Setanil unda iqnes oqmSi;
b) mopasuxe warmodgenilia advokatiT, xolo, Tu mas
ar yavs advokati, maSin mieca ganmarteba imis Sesaxeb,
rom aragansjadobis motiviT gadawyvetilebis gasaCivreba ar iqneba gaziarebuli zemdgomi sasamarTlos mier, Tu is ar gamoiyenebs Tavis uflebas ganucxados
protesti aragansjad sasamarTlos saqmis ganxilvis
winaaRmdeg;
g) mopasuxisaTvis aseTi ganmartebis micemis Sesaxeb unda aRiniSnos sasamarTlos oqmSi.
44
_ amrigad, imisaTvis, rom aragansjadma sasamarTlom ganixilos saqme, aucilebelia mxareTa winaswari
werilobiTi SeTanxmeba, rac sarCelis aRZvras unda uswrebdes win da aseTi SeTanxmeba unda daerTos sarCels. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo ar miiRebs
mis aragansjad sarCels (186-e muxlis è~ qvepunqti).
magram Tu aragansjadobis sakiTxi gairkveva mogvianebiT, e. i. saqmis momzadebis Tu misi arsebiTad ganxilvis etapze, maSin sasamarTlom unda imsjelos 21-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis dacviT
saqmis ganxilvis SesaZleblobaze. Tu aseTi pirobebi
ar arsebobs da amitom saqmis ganxilva dauSvebelia,
sasamarTlom saqme gansjad sasamarTlos unda gadasces (23-e muxli).
muxli 22. gansjadobis wesebis

dacviT miRebuli saqmis ganxilva
sasamarTlom gansjadobis wesebis dacviT
Tavis warmoebaSi miRebuli saqme unda ganixilos da arsebiTad gadawyvitos, Tundac es saqme SemdgomSi sxva sasamarTlos
gansjadi gaxdes.
_ 22-e muxlis ZiriTadi azri imaSi mdgomareobs, rom
mTavaria sarCeli miRebul iqnes sasamarTlos mier gansjadobis wesebis dacviT. sarCelis warmoebaSi sworad
miRebis Semdeg SeiZleba Seicvalos pirobebi da igi ukve sxva sasamarTlos gansjadi gaxdes, magram es ar SeiZleba gaxdes am sxva sasamarTlosaTvis saqmis gadacemis safuZveli. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi saqmis ganxilva Zlier gaWianurdeboda imisda mixedviT, Tu ramdenjer Seicvleba gansjadobis pirobebi da saWiro gaxdeba erTidan meoreSi, meoredan mesameSi da a. S. dausruleblad saqmis sxvadasxva sasamarTloSi gadacema.
radgan sarCeli Tavdapirvelad miRebuli iyo gans-
45
jadobis wesebis dacviT, sasamarTlom igi TviTonve

unda ganixilos.
muxli 23. saqmis gadacema gansjadi

sasamarTlosaTvis
1. sasamarTlo saqmes gansaxilvelad sxva
sasamarTlos gadascems, Tu:
a) mopasuxe, romlis sacxovrebeli adgilic winaT ar iyo cnobili, moiTxovs, rom
saqme gadaeces sasamarTlos Tavisi sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT;
b) erTi an ramdenime mosamarTlis acilebis gamo amave sasamarTloSi SeuZlebelia
maTi Secvla.
2. Tu saqme ramdenime sasamarTlos gansjadia, igi gadaecema sasamarTlos mosarCelis arCeviT.
3. saqmis sxva sasamarTloSi gadacemis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelic ar gasaCivrdeba.
1. 23-e muxlis pirveli nawili Seicavs iseTi SemTxvevebis CamonaTvals, rodesac sasamarTlos SeuZlia
saqme gansaxilvelad sxva sasamarTlos gadasces. magaliTad, imis gamo, rom ar iyo cnobili mopasuxis adgilsamyofeli, sarCeli aRiZra misi ukanaskneli sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, rogorc amas iTvaliswinebs me-15 muxlis meore nawili (ix. am muxlis komentari). Semdeg, rodesac mopasuxisaTvis cnobili gaxda,
rom mis winaaRmdeg sarCelia aRZruli misi ukanaskneli sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, moiTxova saqmis
gadacema sasamarTlosaTvis Tavisi amJamindeli sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.
sasamarTlom unda daakmayofilos es moTxovna, magram, Tu mopasuxe ar moiTxovs saqmis gadacemas _ sasamarTlos SeuZlia ganixilos saqme da gamoitanos ga46
dawyvetileba, rac ver gaxdeba am gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZveli. 23-e muxlis pirveli nawilis à~
qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, imisaTvis, rom sasamarTlom saqme gadasces sxva sasamarTlos mopasuxis amJamindeli
sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, saWiroa TviT am mopasuxis Txovna amis Sesaxeb.
_ 23-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqti iTvaliswinebs saqmis sasamarTlosaTvis gadacemis iseT SemTxvevebs, rodesac
saqme gansjadobis wesebis sruli dacviTaa miRebuli,
magram mosamarTlis (mosamarTleebis) acilebis gamo,
SeuZlebelia maTi Secvla amave sasamarTloSi. saqmis
ganxilva acilebuli mosamarTlis monawileobiT unda
Sefasdes rogorc saqmis ganxilva sasamarTlos arakanonieri Semadgenlobis mier (394-e muxlis à~ qvepunqti), rac am gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis absoluturi
(udavo) safuZvelia, amitom, saqme unda gadaeces sxva
sasamarTlos im wesebis dacviT, romlebic gansazRvrulia 34-e muxlis me-3 da me-5 nawilebiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
2. 23-e muxlis me-2 nawils mxedvelobaSi aqvs alternatiuli gansjadobis SemTxvevebi, e. i. SemTxvevebi,
rodesac saqme ramdenime sasamarTlos gansjadia. me20 muxlis Tanaxmad, Tu saqme ramdenime sasamarTlos
gansjadia, sasamarTlos arCevis ufleba aqvs mosarCeles. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu saqme, romelic 23-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebiT sxva sasamarTlos
unda gadaeces, ramdenime sasamarTlos gansjadia, maSin gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnes mosarCelis survili.
nebismier sxva SemTxvevaSi, sakiTxs Tu romel sasamarTlos gadaeces saqme _ wyvets sasamrTlos Tavmjdomare (34-e muxlis me-3 da me-5 nawilebi).
3. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saqmis sxva sasamarTloze gansaxilvelad gadacema xdeba 23-e muxlis à~ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvliT, maSin TviTon
am sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba amis Sesaxeb.
magram, Tu saqmis sxva sasamarTloze gadacema xdeba am muxlis `b~ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZ47
vliT, maSin ganCineba aseTi gadacemis Sesaxeb, 34-e muxlis me-3 da me-5 nawilebis Tanaxmad, gamoaqvs Sesabamisi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares (ix. am muxlis komentari).
aq miTiTebul ganCinebebze kerZo saCivris Setana
ar SeiZleba.
muxli 24. gansjadobis Sesaxeb davis

dauSvebloba
erTi sasamarTlodan meoreSi gadagzavnil saqmes warmoebaSi gansaxilvelad iRebs
is sasamarTlo, romelsac igi gadaegzavna.
dava sasamarTloebs Soris gansjadobis Sesaxeb ar daiSveba.
_ es muxli, uwinares yovlisa, mimarTulia saqmis
ganxilvis gaWianurebis Tavidan acilebisaken, erTi sasamarTlodan meoreSi dausruleblad saqmeTa gadagzavnis winaaRmdeg. amitom, sasamarTlom, romelsac gadaegzavna saqme, unda miiRos da ganixilos igi, miuxedavad imisa, sworad moxda saqmis gadagzavna Tu ara.
amasTan erTad, kanoni ar gamoricxavs SesaZleblobas,
rom sasamarTlom acnobos zemdgom sasamarTlos daSvebuli Secdomebisa Tu saqmeTa gadagzavnis aramarTlzomierebaze, raTa miRebul iqnes zomebi momavalSi
analogiuri Secdomebis aRmofxvrisaTvis.
48
T a v i
IV
sasamarTlos Semadgenloba. acileba

muxli 25. sasamarTlos
Semadgenloba
1. samoqalaqo saqmeebi pirveli instanciiT raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi, aseve
magistrati mosamarTleebis mier ganixileba
erTpirovnulad.
2. amoRebulia
3. samoqalaqo saqmeebis ganxilva saapelacio wesiT xorcieldeba sami mosamarTlis
mier.
4. samoqalaqo saqmeebis ganxilva sakasacio
wesiT xorcieldeba sami mosamarTlis mier,
garda im SemTxvevebisa, roca saqmes ganixilavs uzenaesi sasamarTlos didi palata.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs sasamarTlos
Semadgenlobas raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTloebisa
da magistrati mosamarTleebis mier saqmeTa ganxilvis
dros. rogorc wesi es sasamarTloebi saqmeebs
ganixilaven erTpirovnulad - erTi mosamarTlis
magistrati (mosamarTlis) SemadgenlobiT.
gamonakliss am TvalsazrisiT warmoadgens 26-e
muxlis pirveli nawili, romelic garkveuli pirobebis
arsebobisas iTvaliswinebs raionuli (saqalaqo)
sasamarTlos mier saqmis pirveli instanciT ganxilvis
SesaZleblobas sasamarTlos kolegiuri (sami
mosamarTlis) SemadgenlobiT (ix. 26-e muxlis
komentari).
2. am muxlis me-3 nawili gansazRvravs saapelacio
wesiT saqmeTa ganxilvas sasamarTlos kolegiuri - sami
mosamarTlis SemadgenlobiT.
49
gamonaklisi am saerTo wesidan dadgenilia 443-e

muxliT, romlis Tanaxmad 2008 wlis 1 ianvramde
Setanil saapelacio saCivars me-14 muxliT
gansazRvrul saqmeebze, qonebriv samarTlebriv
davaze, romlis Rirebuleba ar aRemateba 10 000 lars,
aseve, SromiT davebze erTpirovnulad ganixilavs
saapelacio sasamarTlos samoqalaqo saqmeTa palatis
mosamarTle.
amrigad, am muxlis me-3 nawiliT dadgenili
gamonaklisi moqmedebs 2008 wlis 1 ianvramde. amis
Semdeg yvela saqmes saapelacio sasamarTlo ganixilavs
sami mosamarTlis SemadgenlobiT.
3. am muxlis me-4 nawili gansazRvravs sakasacio
sasamarTlos mier saqmeTa ganxilvas sasamarTlos
kolegiuri - sami mosamarTlis SemadgenlobiT.
gamonaklisi am mxriv dadgenilia saqarTvelos
uzenaesi sasamarTlos didi palatis mimarT. didi
palata warmoadgens sakasacio sasamarTlos, romelic
saqmeebs ganixilavs samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT
da saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos Sesaxeb
saqarTvelos organuli kanonis Sesabamisad (ix. 3911-e
muxlis komentari), 9 mosamarTlis SemadgenlobiT.
muxli 26. gansakuTrebiT rTuli

kategoriis saqmeTa ganxilvis wesi
1. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi aris mosamarTleTa
sakmarisi raodenoba kolegiuri SemadgenlobiT saqmeTa ganxilvisaTvis, erTpirovnulad saqmis ganmxilvel mosamarTles SeuZlia daadginos saqmis kolegiuri ganxilva sami mosamarTlis SemadgenlobiT, Tu:
a) saqmis ganxilvasa da gadawyvetas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs sasamarTlo
praqtikisaTvis;
b) saqme faqtobrivi an samarTlebrivi
50
TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebuli sirTuliT

xasiaTdeba.
2. motivirebuli ganCineba saqmis sasamarTlos kolegiuri SemadgenlobiT ganxilvis Sesaxeb mosamarTles gamoaqvs mTavar sxdomaze am saqmis ganxilvis dawyebamde. ganCineba gadaecema sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, romelic gansazRvravs kolegiur Semadgenlobas am saqmis ganmxilveli
Tavdapirveli mosamarTlis aucilebeli monawileobiT.
3. amoRebulia
4. amoRebulia
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili uSvebs gamonakliss saerTo wesidan, romelic dadgenilia `saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos organuli kanonis me15 punqtiT da am kodeqsis 25-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT, romelTa Tanaxmad, samoqalaqo saqmeebis ganxilva raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloebSi xorcieldeba
erTpirovnulad mosamarTlis mier.
_ gamonaklisi am saerTo wesidan dasaSvebia mxolod
am muxlis pirveli nawiliT zustad gansazRvruli pirobis arsebobisas.
a) gansakuTrebuli praqtikuli mniSvneloba SeiZleba ganpirobebuli iyos sxvadasxva garemoebiT, magaliTad, analogiuri saqme jer ar yofila ganxiluli sasamarTloebSi, anu ar arsebobs araviTari praqtika aseTi saqmeebis ganxilvisa, an kidev, sxvanairi iuridiuli Sefaseba unda mieces saqmis garemoebebs, vidre es
dRemde iyo miRebuli da a. S.
b) saqmis gansakuTrebuli sirTule SeiZleba ganpirobebuli iyos sxvadasxva garemoebiT, magaliTad, sasamarTlos mier gamosayenebeli norma axleburad da
sruliad gansxvavebulad awesrigebs sadavo urTierTobas, vidre adre moqmedi kanonmdebloba, an kidev,
kanonis azrisa da Sinaarsis sworad da amomwuravad
51
amoxsna da gageba rTulia da moiTxovs samarTlis sxvadasxva institutebis codnas da sxva.

_ Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT, rom kolegiurad saqmis ganxilvas aqvs ara formaluri, aramed arsebiTi
mniSvneloba, rac mosamarTlis maRali profesionalobiTa da misi specializaciiT ganisazRvreba, maSin unda gavakeToT daskvna, rom kolegia unda Sedges im mosamarTleebisagan, romlebsac aqvT samoqalaqo saqmeTa (farTo gagebiT) ganxilvis gamocdileba, kargad icnoben Sesabamis kanonmdeblobasa da misi gamoyenebis
praqtikas. amitom, Tu es piroba ar arsebobs, umjobesia saqme ganixilos erTpirovnulad mosamarTlem.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili, jer-erTi, gansazRvravs Tu
romel etapze SeiZleba gamotanil iqnes ganCineba saqmis kolegiuri SemadgenlobiT ganxilvis Sesaxeb. es etapia saqmis momzadebis stadia, e. i. mTavar sasamarTlo
sxdomaze saqmis ganxilvis daniSvnamde. Tu mosamarTlem daniSna mTavari sxdoma, daiwyo saqmis ganxilva, man
kidec unda ganixilos da gadawyvitos igi. saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba an SeCereba im motiviT, rom igi ganixilos sasamarTlos kolegiurma Semadgenlobam, kanoniT
araa gaTvaliswinebuli. meore, mosamarTlis ganCineba
saqmis kolegiuri sasamarTlos SemadgenlobiT ganxilvis Sesaxeb motivirebuli (dasabuTebuli) unda iyos,
e. i. masSi miTiTebuli unda iyos, Tu ratom eniWeba am
saqmis ganxilvas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba an ra
faqtorebiTaa ganpirobebuli misi sirTule.
_ sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares SeuZlia uari Tqvas
kolegiuri SemadgenlobiT saqmis ganxilvaze imis gamo, rom mosamarTlis ganCineba araa dasabuTebuli da
damajerebeli an imis gamo, rom am sasamarTloSi araa
Sesabamisi gamocdilebis mqone mosamarTleTa sakmarisi raodenoba kolegiuri SemadgenlobiT saqmis ganxilvisaTvis. mosamarTlis ganCinebis miRebaze uaris Tqmisa da saqmis erTpirovnulad ganxilvisaTvis ukan dabrunebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares SeuZlia
52
gamoitanos ganCineba an Semoifarglos Sesabamisi warweriT (rezoluciiT) ganCinebaze.
muxli 27. kolegiuri sasamarTlos

mier sakiTxebis gadawyvetis wesi
1. Tu saqmis ganxilvas sasamarTlo axorcielebs kolegiurad, am saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT wamoWrili yvela sakiTxi
unda gadawydes xmebis umravlesobiT. arc
erT mosamarTles ufleba ar aqvs Tavi Seikavos romelime sakiTxis gadawyvetisagan.
2. mosamarTles, romelic pirveli instanciis, saapelacio instanciisa da sakasacio instanciis sasamarTloebis mier gadawyvetilebis, ganCinebisa Tu dadgenilebis gamotanisas ar eTanxmeba umravlesobas, SeuZlia werilobiT Camoayalibos Tavisi gansxvavebuli azri, ris Sesaxebac ecnobebaT mxareebs gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebis dros.
3. gansxvavebuli azri daerTvis saqmes,
magram sasamarTlos sxdomis darbazSi misi
Sinaarsi ar gamocxaddeba.
1. 27-e muxlis pirvel nawilSi Camoyalibebulia ori
fundamenturi debuleba: pirveli _ mosamarTleTa
sruli damoukidebloba da Tavisufleba, hqondes
Tavisi sakuTari azri saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT wamoWril yvela sakiTxze da meore _ arcerT
mosamarTles, romelic Tanamdebobrivad mowodebulia ganaxorcielos marTlmsajuleba, ufleba
ara aqvs uari Tqvas an Tavi Seikavos im saqmeze gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi, romlis ganxilvaSic monawileobda. gadawyvetilebis miRebisagan Tavis Sekaveba
unda Sefasdes, rogorc marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebaze uaris Tqma, rogorc mosamarTlis mier Ta53
visi Tanamdebobrivi funqciis Sesrulebaze uaris

Tqma, aqedan gamomdinare yvela SedegebiT, maT Soris
Tanamdebobidan ganTavisuflebiT.
imisaTvis, rom miRebul iqnes gadawyvetileba (ganCineba), ar aris aucilebeli, rom am gadawyvetilebis
miRebaSi monawile yvela mosamarTles erTnairi mosazreba hqondes. es SezRudavda mosamarTlis fundamentur uflebas, iqonios Tavisi mixeduleba saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT wamoWril ama Tu im sakiTxze.
amitom sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis miReba xdeba
xmebis umravlesobiT.
_ sasamarTlo praqtikaSi wamoiWra sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor unda moiqces sasamarTlo, rodesac
saqmis ganmxilvel samive mosamarTles gansxvavebuli azri aqvs. aseTi viTareba Teoriulad araa gamoricxuli, Tumca praqtikulad Znelad warmosadgenia.
gadawyvetilebis miRebaze uaris Tqmas im motiviT, rom
saqmis ganmxilveli mosamarTleebi ver SeTanxmdnen ama
Tu im sakiTxze, romelsac arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs
gadawyvetilebis gamotanisaTvis _ kanonmdebloba ar
iTvaliswinebs. gamosavali aseTi viTarebidan SeiZleba erTi iyos: kolegiis Tavmjdomare, rogorc wesi, xmas
aZlevs bolos da is unda miemxros im mosamarTles,
romlis Sexedulebac ufro axlosaa mis poziciasTan.
es SesaZleblobas miscems sasamarTlos miiRos gadawyvetileba xmebis umravlesobiT.
2. 27-e muxlis me-2 nawili naTlad da garkveulad
miuTiTebs, jer-erTi, imaze, rom gansxvavebuli azri
SeiZleba Camoayalibos mosamarTlem, rogorc pirveli instanciiT saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetis, ise
mosamarTlem saapelacio da sakasacio wesiT saqmis ganxilva-gadawyvetis dros. meorec, werilobiTi formiT
gansxvavebuli azris Camoyalibeba dasaSvebia aramarto gadawyvetilebis, aramed ganCinebis gamotanis
drosac.
_ gansxvavebuli azri unda gaformdes werilobiT
araugvianes motivirebuli gadawyvetilebis Camoya54
libebisa. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi ver Sesruldeba 27e muxlis me-2 nawilis moTxovna imis Sesaxeb, rom gansxvavebuli azris Sesaxeb unda ecnobos mxareebs `gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebis dros~. mxedvelobaSia motivirebuli gadawyvetilebis gamocxadeba, magram araa
gamoricxuli gansxvavebuli azri gaformdes werilobiT da ecnobos amis Sesaxeb mxareebs gadawyvetilebis
sarezolucio nawilis gamocxadebis drosac. sasamarTloebma mxedvelobaSi unda miiRon is, rom gansxvavebuli azri arsebobs imdenad, ramdenadac igi werilobiTaa Camoyalibebuli.
3. mxareebs ecnobebaT mxolod imis Sesaxeb, rom arsebobs gansxvavebuli azri. misi Sinaarsi ar SeiZleba
gamocxaddes (wakiTxul iqnes) sasamarTlo sxdomis
darbazSi. igi unda Caidos konvertSi da daerTos saqmes. cxadia, rom mxareebs da maT warmomadgenlebs ufleba aqvT gaecnon gansxvavebul azrs. es ufleba pirdapir gamomdinareobs 83-e da 98-e muxlebis analizidan, romelTa Tanaxmad mxareebs da maT warmomadgenlebs ufleba aqvT gaecnon saqmis masalebs, e.i. masalebs, romlebic saqmeSia (ix. am muxlebis komentari),
maT Soris gansxvavebul azrs.
muxli 28. TaTbiris saidumloeba

mosamarTleebs ufleba ar aqvT gaaxmauron msjeloba, romelic maT hqondaT TaTbiris dros.
TaTbiris saidumloeba uzrunvelyofs mosamarTlis Tavisuflebas mSvidad da yovelgvari SeboWilobis gareSe gamoTqvas Tavisi mosazreba, rogorc calkeuli sakiTxebis, ise gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) Sesaxeb saerTod. saqme isaa, rom gadawyvetileba (ganCineba) sasamarTlom unda warmoadginos, rogorc mosamarTleTa erTsulovani mixeduleba, rasac didi mniS-
55
vneloba aqvs am gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) avtoritetis ganmtkicebisaTvis.
muxli 29. saqmis ganxilvaSi

mosamarTlis ganmeorebiT
monawileobis dauSvebloba
1. mosamarTle, romelic monawileobda saqmis pirveli instanciiT ganxilvaSi, ver miiRebs monawileobas am saqmis ganxilvaSi
saapelacio instanciis an/da sakasacio instanciis sasamarTloSi.
2. mosamarTle, romelic monawileobda
saqmis ganxilvaSi saapelacio instanciis sasamarTloSi, ver miiRebs monawileobas am
saqmis ganxilvaSi pirveli instanciis an/da
sakasacio instanciis sasamarTloSi.
3. mosamarTle, romelic monawileobda
saqmis ganxilvaSi sakasacio instanciis sasamarTloSi, ver miiRebs monawileobas am
saqmis ganxilvaSi saapelacio instanciis sasamarTloSi an/da pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi.
1. 29-e muxli emyareba erT metad gonivrul princips: gadawyvetilebis kanonierebis Tu dasabuTebulobis Semowmeba ar SeiZleba miendos im mosamarTles,
romelmac es gadawyvetileba gamoitana.
am muxlis analizis, misi azrisa da Sinaarsis safuZvelze SeiZleba CamovayaliboT Semdegi Sinaarsis praqtikuli wesi: erTi da igive mosamarTle ver miiRebs
monawileobas erTi da igive saqmis sxvadasxva instanciis sasamarTloSi ganxilvisas.
aseT ganmartebas aZlevs am muxls sakasacio sasamarTlo, romelmac Tavis erT-erT ganCinebaSi miuTiTa, rom `mosamarTles ekrZaleba saqmis ganxilvaSi mo-
56
nawileoba, Tu igi am saqmis ganxilvaSi monawileobda

sxva instanciis da ara imave instanciis sasamarTloSi.9
2. amasTan erTad, 29-e muxli ar gamoricxavs da, maSasadame, uSvebs saqmis ganxilvaSi mosamarTlis ganmeorebiT monawileobas Semdeg SemTxvevebSi:
a) Tu saqme xelaxla gansaxilvelad dabrunda pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi, igi SeiZleba ganixilos
imave mosamarTlem an imave sasamarTlos kolegiurma
Semadgenlobam, romlis gadawyvetileba (ganCineba) gauqmda;
b) Tu saqme xelaxla gansaxilvelad dabrunda saapelacio sasamarTloSi sakasacio sasamarTlos mier, igi
SeiZleba ganixilos imave saapelacio palatam (mosamarTleTa igive Semadgenlobam), romlis gadawyvetilebac
am saqmeze gauqmda;
g) Tu saapelacio palatis gadawyvetileba (ganCineba) kvlav gasaCivrda sakasacio wesiT, saqme SeiZleba
kvlav ganixilos imave sakasacio palatam, romelmac adre es saqme xelaxla gansaxilvelad daabruna saapelacio sasamarTloSi.

SemadgenlobaSi axlo naTesavebis
daSvebis akrZalva
samoqalaqo saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos SemadgenlobaSi ar SeiZleba Sediodnen pirebi, romlebic erTmaneTis axlo naTesavebi arian, xolo Tu maT Soris aseTi
naTesavebi mainc aRmoCndnen, isini unda Camoacilon saqmis ganxilvas.
_ sasamarTlos SemadgenlobaSi ar SeiZleba iyvnen
mosamarTleebi, romlebic erTmaneTis axlo naTesavebi arian. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu sasamarTlos SemadgenlobaSi aseTi naTesavebi mainc aRmoCndnen, isini Ca9
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #1, gv. 53.
57
mocilebuli unda iqnen saqmis ganxilvidan. es SeiZleba moxdes TviTacilebiT an mxaris gancxadebiT acilebis Sesaxeb.
_ 30-e muxli ar Seicavs miTiTebas imaze, Tu rogori
naTesaoba SeiZleba CaiTvalos axlo naTesaur urTierTobad. amitom, SeiZleba gamoviyenoT 31-e muxlis me-2
nawilSi miTiTebuli naTesavebis CamonaTvali (ix. am
muxlis komentari).
_ Tu miuxedavad kanonismieri akrZalvisa, sasamarTlos SemadgenlobaSi, romelmac ganixila da gadawyvita saqme, aRmoCndnen axlo naTesavebi, es SeiZleba
gaxdes gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZveli 394-e
muxlis à~ qvepunqtis Sesabamisad (ix. am muxlis komentari), radgan saqme ganixila sasamarTlos arakanonierma Semadgenlobam.
muxli 31. mosamarTlis acilebis sxva

safuZvlebi
1. mosamarTlem ar SeiZleba ganixilos
saqme an monawileoba miiRos saqmis ganxilvaSi, Tu is:
a) am saqmeSi TviTon warmoadgens mxares,
an mas ama Tu im mxaresTan saerTo uflebebi an valdebulebebi akavSirebs;
b) am saqmis adrindel ganxilvaSi monawileobda mowmed, eqspertad, specialistad,
Tarjimnad, warmomadgenlad an sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivnad;
g) mxaris an misi warmomadgenlis naTesavia;
d) piradad, pirdapir an arapirdapir dainteresebulia saqmis SedegiT, an Tu aris
sxva iseTi garemoeba, romelic eWvs iwvevs
mis miukerZoeblobaSi.
2. am muxlis pirveli nawilis `g~ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, naTesavebad iTvlebian:
58
a) meuRle;
b) daniSnuli;
g) pirdapiri xazis naTesavebi;
d) da-Zma;
e) disSvilebi da ZmisSvilebi;
v) mSoblebis da-Zmebi;
z) danaTesavebulebi (moyvrebi);
T) pirebi, romlebic xangrZlivi drois
ganmavlobaSi ojaxuri urTierTobiT arian dakavSirebulni.
1. 31-e muxlSi CamoTvlili acilebis safuZvlebi saqmis miukerZoeblad ganxilvis interesebiTaa nakarnaxevi. amitom, Tu arsebobs mosamarTlis acilebis erTerTi safuZveli, romelic am muxlSia miTiTebuli, mosamarTles ekrZaleba ganixilos saqme an monawileoba
miiRos mis ganxilvaSi da acilebul unda iqnes. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi es SeiZleba gaxdes gadawyvetilebis
(ganCinebis) gauqmebis safuZveli.
a) mosamarTles ekrZaleba SeiTavsos mxarisa da mosamarTlis funqcia, e. i. mas ar SeuZlia iyos mosamarTle sakuTar saqmeze, romlis erT-erT mxaresTan mas
akavSirebs saerTo uflebebi an valdebulebebi. magaliTad, sadavo qoneba (davis sagani) aris saerTo (Tanaziari an wiladi) sakuTrebis obieqti, xolo mosamarTle misi erT-erTi TanamesakuTrea, an kidev igi solidaruli valdebulebis erT-erTi subieqtia da a. S.
b) mosamarTlem ar SeiZleba SeiTavsos mowmis, eqspertis, specialistis, Tarjimnis, warmomadgenlis an
sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivnis funqcia. amitom, mosamarTle acilebul unda iqnes, Tu igi adre am saqmeSi monawileobda am saxiT, an saqmis ganxilvis procesSi unda
miiRos monawileoba aq CamoTvlili romelime subieqtis saxiT. ufro metic, mosamarTle acilebul unda
iqnes im SemTxvevaSic, roca ar aris ganzraxuli, rom
igi mowmed daikiTxos, magram man uSualod dainaxa mopasuxis mier mosarCelis qonebisaTvis zianis miyene59
bis faqti, an kidev, eswreboda mxareTa mier garigebis

dadebis faqts da a. S., e. i. nebiT Tu uneblieT gaxda
iseTi faqtis mowme, romelsac am saqmis gadawyvetisaTvis aqvs mniSvneloba;
g) mosamarTlis acilebis erT-erTi safuZvelia misi naTesaoba mxaresTan an mis warmomadgenelTan. naTesavebis CamonaTvals Seicavs am muxlis me-2 nawili.
Tu mosamarTlis naTesaoba mxaris an misi warmomadgenlis mimarT am CamonaTvalidan erT-erTs Seesabameba,
maSin igi Camocilebul unda iqnes saqmis ganxilvidan;
d) zogad SefasebiT msjelobaTa kategorias ganekuTvneba `d~ qvepunqtSi miTiTebuli acilebis safuZveli. amitom, am safuZvliT acilebis gancxadebisas
mxare valdebulia miuTiTos iseT konkretul faqtobriv garemoebebze, romlebic miuTiTeben imaze, rom mosamarTle marTla dainteresebulia saqmis SedegiT.
cxadia, rom mosamarTlem yvelaze ukeT icis, marTla
dainteresebulia Tu ara igi saqmis SedegiT. amas aqvs
mniSvneloba, magram ar aqvs gadamwyveti mniSvneloba
acilebis sakiTxis gadawyvetisaTvis. es imas niSnavs,
rom Tu mxare iseT konkretul faqtebze miuTiTebs,
romlebic TavisTavad badeben eWvs mosamarTlis miukerZoeblobaSi, mosamarTle unda Camocildes saqmis
ganxilvas, Tumca igi Sinaganad sulac ar fiqrobs saqmis mikerZoebulad gadawyvetas. mosamarTlis ganwyobas, mis Sinagan fsiqologiur mdgomareobas ar aqvs
gadamwyveti mniSvneloba.
2. 31-e muxlis me-2 nawilSi CamoTvlili naTesavebis
wre sakmaod farToa, xolo `z~ da `T~ qvepunqtebSi miTiTebuli pirebis naTesaoba moiTxovs mosamarTlis
mxriv dakonkretebas. magaliTad, SeiZleba Tu ara mosamarTlis acilebas safuZvlad daedos is faqti, rom
misi Svili, meuRle Tu mSobeli aris erT-erTi mxaris
naTlia? am da sxva analogiur SemTxvevaSi mosamarTlem
unda ixelmZRvanelos moyvrobis tradiciuli gagebiT
da ise miiRos gadawyvetileba acilebis Taobaze.
60
muxli 32. TviTacileba

acilebis safuZvlebis arsebobisas mosamarTle valdebulia ganacxados TviTacileba. TviTacilebis Sesaxeb mosamarTles
(sasamarTlos) gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelSic unda mieTiTos TviTacilebis safuZveli.
_ unda ganvasxvavoT acilebis ori saxe: TviTacileba da acileba mxareTa gancxadebiT. gansxvaveba
isaa, rom TviTacileba xdeba TviTon mosamarTlis iniciativiT, xolo acileba mxareTa gancxadebiT _ es iqneba acileba mxareTa iniciativiT.
saerTo am ori saxis acilebas Soris isaa, rom rogorc TviTacileba, ise acileba mxareTa gancxadebiT,
unda emyarebodes im safuZvlebs, romlebsac iTvaliswinebs kanoni, kerZod, samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis Sesabamisi normebi (29-31-e muxlebi).
_ TviTacileba, ise rogorc mxareTa gancxadeba acilebis Sesaxeb motivirebuli unda iyos. dausabuTebeli
TviTacileba SeiZleba TviTon gaxdes sxvadasxvagvari eWvebis sababi, rogorc mxareebis, ise am saqmis ganxilviT dainteresebuli pirebisa da zemdgomi sasamarTlo instanciebisaTvis.
_ Tu TviTacileba ganacxada kolegiuri Semadgenlobis erT-erTma mosamarTlem, misi acilebis sakiTxs
gadawyveten sxva mosamarTleebi (ix. 34-e muxlis me-4
nawilis komentari).
_ erTpirovnulad saqmis ganmxilveli mosamarTlis
TviTacilebis SemTxvevaSi acilebis sakiTxs wyvets
TviT es mosamarTle (34-e muxlis me-3 nawili).
muxli 33. mxareTa gancxadeba

acilebis Sesaxeb
mxareebs SeuZliaT werilobiT ganacxa61
don acileba. gancxadeba acilebis Sesaxeb

motivirebul unda iqnes da gakeTdes saqmis winaswari sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis
momzadebis dros. acilebis Taobaze Semdgomi gancxadeba daiSveba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu acilebis safuZveli im pirisaTvis, romelic acilebas moiTxovs, cnobili gaxda an warmoiSva mTavari sxdomis
dawyebis Semdeg. aseT SemTxvevaSi gancxadeba acilebis Sesaxeb dasaSvebia mxareTa
paeqrobamde.
_ 33-e muxli calsaxad miuTiTebs, rom gancxadeba
acilebis Sesaxeb wardgenil unda iqnes werilobiTi
formiT. mxedvelobaSia acilebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis
Setana saqmis momzadebis stadiaze. magram, Tu am muxliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi acilebis gancxadeba gakeTda saqmis zepiri ganxilvis dros, maSin aseTi
gancxadeba SeiZleba Setanil iqnes sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmSi.
_ gancxadeba acilebis Sesaxeb unda iyos motivirebuli. es imas niSnavs, rom gancxadebaSi, sul erTia, werilobiT iqneba es gakeTebuli Tu zepirad, miTiTebuli unda iyos safuZvelze, romelic kanonis Tanaxmad
iwvevs acilebas (29-31-e muxlebi). aramotivirebuli
gancxadeba ar SeiZleba dakmayofilebul iqnes.
_ 33-e muxlSi laparakia mxareebis uflebaze ganacxadon acileba, magram mxedvelobaSia ara marto uSualod mxareebi, aramed mesame pirebi damoukidebeli
moTxovniT, agreTve mesame pirebi damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe (91-e muxli).
_ 33-e muxli Seicavs saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebis mcdelobis winaaRmdeg erT metad efeqtur meqanizms: acilebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba Setanil unda iqnes saqmis momzadebis stadiaze. sasamarTlos mTavar
sxdomaze anu saqmis zepiri ganxilvis dros acilebis
Taobaze gancxadeba daiSveba mxolod erTi pirobiT _
62
Tu acilebis safuZveli cnobili gaxda ganmcxadeblisaTvis mTavari sxdomis dawyebis Semdeg. am pirobas
sasamarTloebma gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda miaqcion da ganuxrelad gaataron cxovrebaSi kanonis es
moTxovna, radgan igi jer-erTi, emsaxureba moqalaqeTa aRzrdas kanonisadmi da sasamarTlosadmi pativiscemis suliskveTebiT da meore, Tavidan icilebs saqmis ganxilvis usafuZvlod gaWianurebas.
amitom, acilebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Semomtanma
pirma unda warudginos sasamarTlos damajerebeli
mtkicebuleba imis Sesaxeb, rom acilebis safuZveli
misTvis cnobili gaxda an warmoiSva saqmis zepir ganxilvaze mTavari sxdomis dawyebis Semdeg. mxolod am
faqtis dadasturebis SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia sasamarTlos `dauSvas gancxadeba acilebis Sesaxeb~ da ganixilos igi. cxadia, rom acilebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis daSveba jer kidev ar niSnavs imas, rom gancxadebuli acileba dakmayofildeba. Tu gansaxilvelad daSvebuli
gancxadebis ganxilvis dros aRmoCndeba, rom ar arsebobs acilebis safuZveli _ sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas acilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.
muxli 34. gancxadebuli acilebis

gadawyvetis wesi
1. acilebis gancxadebis Semdeg sasamarTlom (mosamarTlem) SeiZleba mousminos mxareebs, agreTve im pirs, romlis mimarTac
ganacxades acileba.
2. acilebis sakiTxs sasamarTlo wyvets
adgilze moTaTbirebiT an saTaTbiro oTaxSi.
3. Tu acileba ganucxades mosamarTles,
romelic erTpirovnulad ganixilavs saqmes, acilebis sakiTxs wyvets TviT es mosamarTle. acilebis miRebis an TviTacilebis
SemTxvevaSi mosamarTle saqmes gadascems
63
sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, romelic mas

gansaxilvelad gadascems sxva mosamarTles.
Tu raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi ar
aris samoqalaqo saqmis ganmxilveli sxva
mosamarTle, maSin sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare saqmes ugzavnis saapelacio sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares sxva raionuli (saqalaqo)
sasamarTlosaTvis gadasacemad.
4. Tu acileba ganucxades kolegiuri Semadgenlobis erT-erT mosamarTles, am mosamarTlis acilebis sakiTxs gadawyveten
sxva darCenili mosamarTleebi asacilebeli mosamarTlis dauswreblad. mosamarTlis acilebis winaaRmdeg an aseTi acilebis mxardasaWerad xmebis Tanabari raodenobis dros mosamarTle acilebulad iTvleba. aseT SemTxvevaSi igi unda Seicvalos
sxva mosamarTliT.
5. Tu acileba ganucxades kolegiuri
sasamarTlos mTel Semdagenlobas an mis
umravlesobas, acilebis sakiTxs wyvets amave
sasamarTlos sruli Semadgenloba xmebis
umravlesobiT. kolegiuri sasamarTlos
mTeli Semadgenlobis an misi umravlesobis acilebis SemTxvevaSi saqme gadaecema
amave sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, romelic
saqmes gansaxilvelad gadascems kolegiuri
sasamarTlos sxva Semadgenlobas.
6. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos palatis an saapelacio sasamarTlos palatis
mTeli Semadgenlobis acilebis SemTxvevaSi
saqme gadaecema Sesabamisi sasamarTlos
Tavmjdomares, romelic mas kanoniT dadgenili wesiT gansaxilvelad gadascems sxva
Semadgenlobas. Tu saapelacio sasamarTloSi acilebis miRebisas an am kodeqsis
29-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxveveb64
Si SeuZlebelia mosamarTleTa axali Semadgenlobis Seqmna, saqme egzavneba saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares
sxva saapelacio sasamarTlosaTvis gadasacemad.
1. gancxadeba acilebis Sesaxeb Setanil unda iqnes
sasamarTloSi saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, xolo kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobis arsebobisas _ sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomazec (ix. 33-e muxlis komentari). Tu aseTi piroba ar arsebobs, sasamarTlo saerTod ar ganixilavs saqmis momzadebis damTavrebis
Semdgom gancxadebul acilebas. rodesac gancxadeba acilebis Sesaxeb Setanilia saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, sasamarTlom unda gadawyvitos mousminos Tu
ara mxareebs, anu TviTon ganmcxadebels da mowinaaRmdege mxares. Tu sasamarTlo an saqmis erTpirovnulad ganmxilveli mosamarTle Tvlis, rom mxareTa mosmena saWiroa, is niSnavs mosamzadebel sxdomas da moismens mxareTa mosazrebebs. mxareTa gamoucxdebloba mosamzadebel sxdomaze ver daabrkolebs sakiTxis
gadawyvetas. nebismier SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba acilebis Sesaxeb an acilebaze uaris
Tqmis Sesaxeb.
Tu acileba gancxadebulia mTavar sxdomaze da igi
dasaSvebia 33-e muxlis Tanaxmad, maSin sasamarTlom unda mousminos mxareebs da maT warmomadgenlebs, romlebic eswrebian am sxdomas.
piri, romelsac ganucxades acileba, ar aris valdebuli misces raime ganmarteba mis mimarT gancxadebuli acilebis Taobaze, magram Tu aseTi survili aqvs,
sasamarTlom unda mousminos mas. mxedvelobaSia iseTi SemTxveva, rodesac acileba ganucxades kolegiuri sasamarTlos mosamarTles an sxva pirs (eqsperts,
Tarjimans, sxdomis mdivans, specialists). Tu acileba ganucxades erTpirovnulad saqmis gamrCev mosamarTles, maSin is araviTar ganmartebas acilebis Sesaxeb
65
aravis ar aZlevs. misi pozicia aisaxeba ganCinebaSi,

romelsac igi miiRebs gancxadebuli acilebis Taobaze.
2. acilebis sakiTxi, damoukideblad imisagan, Tu vis
mimarT ganacxades acileba, SeiZleba gadawyvitos sasamarTlom rogorc adgilze moTaTbirebiT, ise saTaTbiro oTaxSi. igive unda iTqvas erTpirovnulad saqmis
gamrCev mosamarTleze. masac SeuZlia saTaTbiro oTaxSi gausvlelad gamoitanos ganCineba acilebis Taobaze, rac Seitaneba oqmSi (ix. 284-e muxlis komentari),
Tu es sakiTxi sasamarTlo sxdomaze iyo ganxiluli.
3. 34-e muxlis me-3 nawili gansazRvravs erTpirovnulad saqmis ganmxilveli mosamarTlis acilebis an
TviTacilebis wess, romlis Tanaxmad, gadawyvetilebas TviTacilebis Sesaxeb iRebs TviTon mosamarTle.
sanam am sakiTxs gadawyvetdes, mosamarTles, Tu es mas
saWirod miaCnia, SeuZlia moiwvios mxareebi da mousminos maT, roca acilebis sakiTxi dasmulia saqmis winaswari momzadebis stadiaze, magram Tu es sakiTxi daisva
mosamzadebel an mTavar sxdomaze, maSin mosamarTles
SeuZlia mousminos am sxdomaze gamocxadebul mxareebs.
amrigad, acilebis sakiTxebze mxareTa mosmena da
maTi mosazrebebis gageba araa aucilebeli da savaldebulo. yvelaferi damokidebulia mosamarTlis mixedulebaze.
yvela SemTxvevaSi, roca mosamarTlem miiRo acileba (TviTacileba), igi saqmes warudgens am sasamarTlos
Tavmjdomares, romelic am saqmes gansaxilvelad gadascems samoqalaqo saqmis ganmxilvel sxva mosamarTles. aq mxedvelobaSia mosamarTleTa specializacia,
romelic damkvidrebulia `saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos organuli kanonis me-151 muxliT.
4. kolegiuri SemadgenlobiT saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos erT-erTi mosamarTlis acilebis SemTxvevaSi, rac xorcieldeba am muxlis me-4 nawiliT dadgenili wesiT, igi am sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris meS66
veobiT unda Seicvalos amave sasamarTlos sxva mosamarTliT.

kolegiuri sasamarTlos erT-erTi mosamarTlis
acilebis sakiTxs gadawyveten danarCeni mosamarTleebi, asacilebeli mosamarTlis gareSe, magram winaswar,
e. i. acilebis sakiTxis gadawyvetamde, SeiZleba mousminon, rogorc am asacilebel mosamarTles, ise mxareebs.
5. kolegiuri sasamarTlos Semadgenlobis umravlesobis an mTeli Semadgenlobis acilebis SemTxvevaSi,
saqme gadaecema im sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, romelic saqmes gansaxilvelad sxva Semadgenlobas gadascems.
magram, Tu am sasamarTloSi SeuZlebelia mosamarTleTa axali Semadgenlobis Seqmna, an imis gamo, rom
ar aris mosamarTleTa sakmarisi raodenoba, an kidev,
29-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli mizezis gamo (ix. am muxlis komentari), maSin saqme unda gadaegzavnos Sesabamis saapelacio sasamarTlos saqmis sxva sasamarTlosaTvis gadasacemad.
6. 34-e muxlis me-6 nawili iTvaliswinebs Sesabamisi
sasamarTloebis palatebis, e. i. saapelacio sasamarTloebis mTeli Semadgenlobis acilebis SemTxvevaSi am
sasamarTloebis TavmjdomareTa meSveobiT palatis
sxva SemadgenlobisaTvis saqmis gadacemis wess. magram
Tu es SeuZlebelia, maSin saqme unda gadaeces saqarTvelos uzenaes sasamarTlos, romelic am saqmes gansaxilvelad sxva Sesabamis sasamarTlos gadascems. magaliTad, Tu acilebul iqna quTaisis saapelacio palatis mTeli Semadgenloba, maSin am sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare saqmes gansaxilvelad gadascems saapelacio palatis sxva Semadgenlobas, magram Tu es SeuZlebelia,
saqme unda gadaegzavnos saqarTvelos uzenaes sasamarTlos. uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare am saqmes
gansaxilvelad gadaugzavnis sxva saapelacio sasamarTlos.
saqmis gadacema erTi sasamarTlos Semadgenlobi67
dan amave sasamarTlos sxva SemadgenlobisaTvis, an erTi sasamarTlodan meore sasamarTloSi, warmoebs ganCinebis safuZvelze, romelsac iRebs erTpirovnulad
sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare.
7. sasamarTlo praqtikaSi iyo SemTxveva, roca acileba ganucxades mTlianad sasamarTlos (magaliTad,
Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos, quTaisis saapelacio sasamarTlos).
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdebloba iTvaliswinebs mosamarTleTa acilebas da ara ama Tu
im raionuli (saqalaqo), saapelacio Tu saqarTvelos
uzenaesi sasamarTlos acilebas. amitom, saqarTvelos
sasamarTlo sistemis romelime rgolis mimarT gancxadebuli acileba dauSvebelia da ar unda iqnes ganxiluli.
muxli 35. eqspertis, Tarjimnis,

specialistis, sxdomis mdivnis
acilebis safuZveli
eqspertis, Tarjimnis, specialistis, sxdomis mdivnis acileba dasaSvebia 31-e muxlis
pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvliT.
_ eqspertebi, Tarjimnebi, specialistebi da sxdomis mdivnebi, marTalia, asruleben sxvadasxva rols,
magram isini yvelani mowodebuli arian xeli Seuwyon
saqmis sworad ganxilvasa da gadawyvetas. swored imitom, rom isini asruleben mniSvnelovan rols, kanoni
iTvaliswinebs maTi acilebis SesaZleblobas.
_ maTi acilebis safuZveli igivea, rac mosamarTlis
acilebis safuZveli (31-e muxli), magram SeiZleba miTiTebul iqnes sxva safuZvelic. magaliTad, Tu mxare
acxadebs, rom eqsperti arakompetenturia da amas saTanadod da damajereblad adasturebs, SeiZleba igi
acilebul iqnes am safuZvliTac.
68
_ eqspertis, Tarjimnis, specialistis, sxdomis

mdivnis acilebis wesi ZiriTadad ar gansxvavdeba mosamarTleTa acilebis wesisagan. acilebis sakiTxs
wyvets sasamarTlo (mosamarTle) asacilebeli pirisa
da mxareTa mosmenis Semdeg an uamisod.
muxli 36. acilebis Sesaxeb

sasamarTlo ganCinebis gasaCivreba
acilebis Taobaze sasamarTlo ganCineba
SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebasTan erTad, 377-e da 404-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.
acilebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos SeuZlia ori gansxvavebuli Sinaarsis ganCinebis gamotana: acilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb da acilebis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb.
arcerTi es ganCineba ar SeiZleba gasaCivrdes kerZo saCivriT, e. i. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebisagan damoukideblad (ix. 377-e muxlis me-3 nawilisa da 404-e
muxlis me-2 nawilis komentari).
69
T a v i
procesis xarjebi
muxli 37. cnebaTa gansazRvra
1. procesis xarjebs Seadgens sasamarTlo
xarjebi da sasamarTlos gareSe xarjebi.
2. sasamarTlo xarjebs Seadgens saxelmwifo baJi da saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi. saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis gaangariSebis wesi da
maTi odenoba ganisazRvreba saqarTvelos
prezidentis brZanebulebiT.
3. sasamarTlos gareSe xarjebs warmoadgens advokatisaTvis gaweuli xarjebi, dakarguli xelfasi (ganacduri), mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelsayofad gaweuli xarjebi,
agreTve mxareTa sxva aucilebeli xarjebi.
1. procesis xarjebis cnebis Sinaarsi moicavs sasamarTlo xarjebs da sasamarTlos gareSe xarjebs.
2. sasamarTlo xarjebi, Tavis mxriv, Sedgeba saxelmwifo baJisagan da saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebisagan.
_ saxelmwifo baJi _ esaa saqarTvelos biujetSi
savaldebulo Senatani, romelsac ixdian fizikuri da
iuridiuli pirebi saxelmwifos mier maTi interesebis
Sesabamisi iuridiuli moqmedebebis SesrulebisaTvis
da saTanado sabuTebis gacemisaTvis (`saxelmwifo baJis Sesaxeb~ kanonis pirveli muxli). am ganmartebis Sesabamisad saxelmwifo baJi sasamarTloSi _ esaa mxareebis, mesame pirebis damoukidebeli moTxovniT, ganmcxadeblebis Senatanebi, rasac isini ixdian sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisaTvis, kanoniT gansazRvruli
odenobiTa da wesiT (39-e muxli).
_ saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi _
es aris xarjebi, romlebic gadaxdil unda iqnes calke70
uli saproceso moqmedebis SesrulebisaTvis, agreTve

im pirebisaTvis, romlebic exmarebian sasamarTlos marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebaSi (44-e muxli). gansxvaveba saxelmwifo baJsa da saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebul xarjebs Soris mdgomareobs imaSi, rom, saxelmwifo baJi _ es aris savaldebulo gadasaxadi sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisaTvis an calkeuli saproceso
moqmedebis SesrulebisaTvis, rac winaswar gansazRvrulia kanoniT (38-39-e muxlebi). saqmis ganxilvasTan
dakavSirebuli xarjebi _ esaa xarjebi, romlebic unda
aunazRauron im pirebs, romlebic daxmarebas uweven sasamarTlos marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebaSi _ mowmeebs, eqspertebs, specialistebs da a. S. (44-e muxli).
3. rogorc wesi, sasamarTlos gareSe xarjebis odenoba ganisazRvreba faqtobrivad gaweuli danaxarjebiT, amitom dainteresebulma mxarem sasamarTlos unda warudginos faqtobrivad gaweuli xarjebis odenobis damadasturebeli mtkicebulebebi. winaaRmdeg
SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo ver SeZlebs daakisros Sesabamis mxares am xarjebis anazRaurebis movaleoba.
muxli 38. saxelmwifo baJi

saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdevineba warmoebs
saxelmwifo baJis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanoniT dadgenili wesiT:
a) sarCelze, agreTve gancxadebaze gamartivebuli wesiT gadaxdis brZanebis miRebis Sesaxeb da gancxadebaze lizingis
sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis
sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze;
b) Segebebul sarCelze;
g) mesame piris sarCelebze, romelic damoukidebel moTxovnebs acxadebs davis saganze;
d) gancxadebaze udavo warmoebis saqmeTa
aRZvris Sesaxeb:
e) sarCelze saxelmwifo-samarTlebrivi da
71
administraciul-samarTlebrivi urTierTobebidan warmoSobili davebis Sesaxeb;

v) saapelacio saCivarze;
z) sakasacio saCivarze;
T) kerZo saCivarze.
i) gancxadebaze sarCelis uzrunvelyofis
Sesaxeb;
k) gancxadebaze axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis an
gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb.
38-e muxli Seicavs im moqmedebaTa amomwurav CamonaTvals, romlebisTvisac gadaixdevineba saxelmwifo
baJi. `saxelmwifo baJis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis
me-6 muxlis Tanaxmad, saxelmwifo baJi gadaixdeba
erovnuli valutiT bankebSi dadgenili formis qviTris gacemiT; baJi da saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi gadaxdil unda iqnes winaswar _ ama Tu im
saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebamde (sarCelis an gancxadebis Setanamde, saCivris Setanamde da a. S.), Tu
mxare kanoniT (46-e muxli) an sasamarTlos mier (47-e
muxli) ganTavisuflebuli ar aris sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
muxli 39. saxelmwifo baJis odenoba

1. saxelmwifo baJis odenoba Seadgens:
a) am kodeqsis 38-e muxlis à~, `b~, `g~
da è~, qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswinebul
SemTxvevebSi - davis sagnis Rirebulebis 3
procents, magram aranakleb 100 larisa;
b) saapelacio saCivrisaTvis, maT Soris,
saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebaze uaris Tqmis
Sesaxeb raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos
gadawyvetilebaze (ganCinebaze) - davis sagnis Rirebulebis 4 procents, magram
aranakleb 150 larisaK;_
72
g) sakasacio saCivrisaTvis, maT Soris,

saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebaze uaris Tqmis
Sesaxeb saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaze (ganCinebaze) - davis sagnis
Rirebulebis 5 procents, magram aranakleb 300 larisa;
d) kerZo saCivarze - 50 lars;
e) sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gancxadebaze, agreTve saCivarze - Tu ganmcxadebeli fizikuri piria - 50 lars, xolo Tu
gamcxadebeli iuridiuli piria - 150 lars;
v) axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo
saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebaze - Tu ganmcxadebeli fizikuri piria
- 100 lars, xolo Tu ganmcxadebeli iuridiuli piria - 300 lars;
z) gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb gancxadebaze - 50 lars;
T) araqonebriv davaze - 100 lars, saapelacio da sakasacio saCivrebze - Sesabamisad 150 da 300 lars;
i) dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenasTan dakavSirebiT warmoSobil davaze, roca
saqmis masalebi mxaris braliT daikarga 100 lars;
k) Tamasuqis an Cekis Taobaze sarCelze 100 lars, saapelacio da sakasacio saCivrebze - Sesabamisad 150 da 300 lars;
l) udavo warmoebis saqmeze - 50 lars,
saapelacio da sakasacio saCivrebze - Sesabamisad 100 da 300 lars.
2. magistrati mosamarTlis gansjad saqmeze
saxelmwifo baJis odenoba yvela instanciis
sasamarTloSi Seadgens am muxlis pirveli
nawiliT dadgenili odenobis naxevars.
3. saxelmwifo baJis odenoba ar unda
aRematebodes 50 000 lars.
73
I. saxelmwifo baJis odenobis gansazRvrisas

kanonmdebeli xelmZRvanelobs ori erTmaneTisagan
gansxvavebuli kriteriumiT. erT-erTi aseTi
kriteriumia procentuli Tanafardoba sarCelis
(davis sagnis) fasTan mimarTebaSi.
1. am kriteriumis Tanaxmad saxelmwifo baJis odenoba
Seadgens davis sagnis Rirebulebis 3 - procents,
magram Tu es sami procenti 100 larze naklebia, maSin
mosarCele valdebulia gadaixados 100 lari.
saxelmwifo baJis odenobis gansazRvris aseTi wesi
gaTvaliswinebulia Semdegi kategoriis saqmeebze:
1)
nebismier sarCelze, romelic
aRZrulia qonebriv samarTlebrivi
davis Taobaze;
2)
gancxadebaze gamartivebuli wesiT
gadaxdis brZanebis miRebis Sesaxeb;
3)
gancxadebaze lizingis sagnis
dabrunebis Taobaze;
4)
Segebebul sarCelze;
5)
mesame piris sarCelze, romelic
damoukidebel moTxovnas acxadebs
davis saganze;
6)
sarCelze saxelmwifo-samarTlebrivi
da administraciul-samarTlebrivi
urTierTobebidan warmoSobili
davebis Sesaxeb.
2. saxelmwifo baJis odenoba Seadgens davis sagnis
Rirebulebis 4-procents, magram Tu es oTxi procenti
150 larze naklebia maSin 150 lars:
nebismieri saapelacio saCivrisaTvis, maT Soris
saapelacio saCivrisaTvis raionuli (saqalaqo)
sasamarTlos ganCinebaze, romliTac uari eTqva mxares
saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebaze (ix. 430-e muxlis me-2
nawilis komentari).
sasamarTloebma mxedvelobidan ar unda gauSvan is
garemoeba, rom saapelacio saCivarze davis sagnis
Rirebuleba ganisazRvreba imis mixedviT, Tu
74
gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis ra zomiT Secvlaze

Seaqvs saCivari mxares (ix. 365-e muxlis komentari).
3. saxelmwifo baJis odenoba Seadgens davis sagnis
Rirebulebis 5-procents, magram aranakleb 300 lars:
nebismieri sakasacio saCivrisaTvis, maT Soris
sakasacio saCivrisaTvis saapelacio sasamarTlos
ganCinebaze saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebaze uaris Tqmis
Sesaxeb (ix. 430-e muxlis komentari).
sasamarTloebma mxedvelobidan ar unda gauSvan is,
rom sakasacio saCivarze davis sagnis Rirebuleba
ganisazRvreba imis mixedviT, Tu gasaCivrebuli
gadawyvetilebis ra zomiT Secvlaze Seaqvs saCivari
mxares (ix. 391-e muxlis me-3 nawilis komentari).
I I. meore kriteriumi, romliTac xelmZRvanelobs
kanonmdebeli saxelmwifo baJis odenobis gansazRvrisas
- esaa myarad gansazRvruli Tanxis odenoba, romelic
unda gadaixados mxarem ama Tu im kategoriis saqmeze.
aRsaniSnavia, rom baJis odenoba sxvadasxva
kategoriis saqmeze sxvadasxvanairia. magaliTad,
nebismier kerZo saCivarze es Tanxa Seadgens 50 lars,
araqonebriv davaze - 100 lars, xolo, Tu araqonebriv
davaze gamotanil gadawyvetilebaze Setanili
iqneba saapelacio an sakasacio saCivari, maSin baJis
odenoba Seadgens Sesabamisad 150 da 300 lars, udavo
warmoebis saqmeze - 50 lars, magram Tu udavo warmoebis
saqmeze gamotanil gadawyvetilebaze Setanili iqneba
saapelacio an sakasacio saCivari, maSin baJis odenoba
Seadgens Sesabamisad 100 da 300 lars da a.S. (ix. am
muxlis d-l qvepunqtebi).
I I I. 39-e muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs saxelmwifo
baJis odenobas magistrati mosamarTlis gansjad
saqmeebze. magistrati mosamarTlis gansjadi saqmeebi
CamoTvlilia me-14 muxlSi (ix. am muxlis komentari). imis
mixedviT, Tu saqmeTa romel kategorias ganekuTvneba
es saqme saxelmwifo baJis odenoba Seadgens im Tanxis
naxevars, rasac gadaixdida mxare es saqme rom raionuli
(saqalaqo) sasamarTlos gansjadi yofiliyo. igive wesiT
75
ganisazRvreba baJis odenoba Tu mxares Seaqvs saapelacio

(sakasacio) saCivari magistrati mosamarTlis mier
gamotanil gadawyvetilebaze. amasTan, magistrati
mosamarTlis gansjad saqmeTa ganxilvisas saxelmwifo
baJis odenoba naxevrdeba im SemTxvevaSic, Tu saqmes
ixilavs aramagistrati (raionuli sasamarTlos sxva)
mosamarTle.
magaliTad, Tu raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi
aRZrul sarCelzed baJis odenoba Seadgens sarCelis
sagnis Rirebulebis 3-procents, magistrati
mosamarTlis gansjad sarCelze baJis odenoba Seadgens
am sarCelis sagnis Rirebulebis mxolod 1,5 procents.
aseve, Tu raionuli sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaze
Setanili saapelacio saCivarze baJis odenoba udris
davis sagnis 4-procents, magistrati mosamarTlis
gansjad saqmeze Setanil saapelacio saCivarze baJis
odenoba udris davis sagnis Rirebulebis mxolod 2
procents da a.S.
I V. 39-e muxlis me-3 nawili gansazRvravs saxelmwifo
baJis maqsimalur odenobas - 50 000 lars. es imas niSnavs,
rom SeiZleba davis sagnis RirebulebasTan procentuli
gaangariSebis mixedviT baJis odenoba 100,000 da metic
iyos, magram 50 000 larze mets mxare ar gadaixdis.
muxli 40. davis saganis Rirebuleba

1. davis sagnis fass miuTiTebs mosarCele. Tu mosarCelis mier miTiTebuli fasi
aSkarad ar Seesabameba sadavo qonebis realur Rirebulebas, davis sagnis fass gansazRvravs mosamarTle sadavo qonebis sabazro Rirebulebis mixedviT.
2. Tu erT sarCelSi ramdenime sxvadasxva
moTxovnaa Camoyalibebuli, maSin es moTxovnebi unda Sejamdes da amis Semdeg ganisazRvros sadavo sagnis Rirebuleba.
3. sadavo sagnis Sefasebisas mxedveloba76
Si miiReba im dros arsebuli fasebi, rodesac Setanil iqna sarCeli, xolo gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebisas - _ saCivris Setanis droisaTvis arsebuli fasebi.
1. davis sagnis (sarCelis sagnis) Rirebulebis gansazRvris movaleoba ekisreba mosarCeles. es imas niSnavs, rom mosarCelem Tavis sarCelSi unda miuTiTos
davis sagnis fasze. es pirdapiraa gaTvaliswinebuli
agreTve 178-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `T~ qvepunqtiT
(ix. am muxlis komentari). im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mosarCele ar Seasrulebs am movaleobas, e. i. ar miuTiTebs davis sagnis fasze, maSin sasamarTlos SeuZlia datovos
sarCeli umoZraod (185-e muxli).
_ mosamarTles, romelmac unda gadawyvitos sakiTxi sarCelis miRebis Sesaxeb, ufleba aqvs Seamowmos,
Seesabameba Tu ara mosarCelis mier miTiTebuli sarCelis fasi mis namdvil Rirebulebas. Tu mosamarTle
miva im daskvnamde, rom mosarCelis mier miTiTebuli
fasi ar Seesabameba sadavo qonebis namdvil sabazro
Rirebulebas, maSin es fasi TviTon mosamarTlem unda
gansazRvros. Tu davis sagnis (sadavo qonebis) namdvili
Rirebulebis gansazRvra mosamarTlisTvisac Znelia, mas
SeuZlia moiwvios specialisti (204-e muxli).
2. samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi uSvebs erT sarCelSi ramdenime sxvadasxva moTxovnis gaerTianebas
(182-e muxli). es sxvadasxva moTxovnebi cal-calke ki
ar unda Sefasdes, aramed unda ganisazRvros gaerTianebuli moTxovnebis fasi, e. i. unda Sejamdes ara calcalke Sefasebuli moTxovnebis fasi, aramed Sejamebuli moTxovnebis fasi, ris Sedegad miviRebT am moTxovnebis saerTo fass.
es wesi ar gamoiyeneba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sasamarTloSi Semosulia ramdenime erTgvarovani saqme da
sasamarTlom mizanSewonilad cno maTi gaerTianeba
erT warmoebad (182-e muxlis me-4 nawili). aseT SemTx-
77
vevaSi gaerTianebuli sarCelebis Sefaseba cal-calke

unda moxdes.
3. me-40 muxlis me-3 nawili calsaxad miuTiTebs, rom
sadavo sagnis Rirebulebis gansazRvrisas mxedvelobaSi miiReba fasebi, romlebic arsebobs sarCelis (kerZo saapelacio da sakasacio saCivris) Setanisas.
muxli 41. davis sagnis fasis

gansazRvris wesi
davis sagnis fasi ganisazRvreba:
a) fuladi gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb sarCelisa _- gadasaxdeli TanxiT;
b) nivTis (qonebis) gadacemis an miwodebis Sesaxeb sarCelisa - am nivTis (qonebis)
sabazro RirebulebiT;
g) alimentis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb sarCelisa _- erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi gadasaxdeli Tanxebis erTobliobiT;
d) vadiani gasacemisa da gadasaxdelis
Sesaxeb sarCelisa -_ araumetes sami wlis
ganmavlobaSi gasacemi an gadasaxdeli Tanxebis erTobliobiT;
e) uvado an samudamo (gardacvalebamde) gasacemis an gadasaxdelis Sesaxeb sarCelisa - sami wlis ganmavlobaSi gasacemi
an gadasaxdeli Tanxebis erTobliobiT;
v) gasacemis an gadasaxdelis Semcirebis
anda gadidebis Sesaxeb sarCelisa - im TanxiT, romliTac mcirdeba anda diddeba gasacemi an gadasaxdeli, magram ara umetes
erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi;
z) qonebis qiravnobis xelSekrulebis vadamde moSlis Sesaxeb sarCelisa - _ darCenili
vadiT, magram ara umetes sami wlis ganmavlobaSi gadasaxdeli Tanxebis erTobliobiT;
T) gasacemis an gadasaxdelis Sewyvetis
78
Sesaxeb sarCelisa -_ ara umetes sami wlis

ganmavlobaSi darCenili gasacemi an gadasaxdeli Tanxebis erTobliobiT;
i) uZrav nivTze sakuTrebis uflebis cnobis Sesaxeb sarCelisa - uZravi nivTis sabazro RirebulebiT;
k) 4 000 lariT, Tu qonebriv-samarTlebriv davaSi (sakuTrebis xelyofa an sxvagvari xelSeSla, samezoblo dava da sxva)
SeuZlebelia davis sagnis fasis gansazRvra.
2. Tu araqonebriv davasTan erTad ganixileba misgan warmoSobili qonebriv-samarTlebrivi dava, davis sagnis fasi ganisazRvreba ufro maRali Rirebulebis moTxovnis
mixedviT.
1. 41-e muxli Seicavs davis sagnis fasis gansazRvris
zogad wess, romlis Tanaxmad qonebriv davebSi davis
sagnis fasi ganisazRvreba gadasaxdeli TanxiT, roca
mosarCele garkveuli Tanxis gadaxdas moiTxovs
mopasuxisagan, an nivTis RirebulebiT, roca
mosarCele Tavisi sarCeliT nivTis gadacemas an
miwodebas moiTxovs.
2. am zogadi wesidan daSvebulia garkveuli
gamonaklisebi. magaliTad, Tu aRZrulia sarCeli
alimentis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb TveSi 20 laris
odenobiT, magram es 20 lari unda gadamravldes 12
Tveze da miviRebT 240 lars (wlis ganmavlobaSi
gadasaxdeli Tanxebis erTobliobas). am 240 laridan
unda moxdes baJis odenobis gansazRvra, analogiuri
wesiT xdeba sarCelis fasis gansazRvra zogierT sxva
SemTxvevaSi (ix. am muxlis e qvepunqti).
3. yuradReba unda mieqces im garemoebas, rom
sarCelis sagnis fasis gansazRvrisas unda Sefasdes
mxolod sadavo qoneba, e.i. davis sagani. magaliTad, Tu
sarCeli aRZrulia qonebidan wilis gamoyofis Sesaxeb
unda ganisazRvros am wilis fasi da amis mixedviT
79
ganisazRvros saxelmwifo baJis odenoba. aseve, Tu

saapelacio (sakasacio) saCivari moiTxovs
mikuTvnebuli Tanxis gazrdas, sarCelis fasi iqneba im
Tanxis odenoba, ra odenobiTac is moiTxovs
gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebiT mikuTvnebuli Tanxis
gazrdas. magaliTad, Tu sasamarTlom nawilobriv
daakmayofila sarCeli 10,000 laris odenobiT, xolo
nawilobriv uari uTxra mis dakmayofilebaze 20,000
laris odenobiT, rac mxarem gaasaCivra, maSin
saapelacio saCivris fasi iqneba 20 000 lari.
3. dava SeiZleba gamoiwvios 41-e muxlis pirveli
nawilis k qvepunqtiT ganmtkicebulma debulebam,
romlis Tanaxmad davis sagnis fasi ganisazRvreba 4 000
lariT, Tu qonebriv davaSi (sakuTrebis xelyofa an
sxvagvari xelSeSla, samezoblo dava da sxva)
SeuZlebelia davis sagnis fasis gansazRvra.
saqme isaa, rom davis sagnis fasis miTiTeba mosarCelis movaleobaa. es movaleoba pirdapiraa
gaTvaliswinebuli 178-e muxlis pirveli nawilis v
qvepunqtiT, Tu mosarCele ar Seavsebs am xarvezs
mosamarTle gamoitans ganCinebas sarCelis warmoebaSi
miRebaze uaris Tqmisa da misi mosarCelisaTvis
dabrunebis Sesaxeb. (ix. 178-e da 185-e muxlebis
komentari). mosamarTles mxolod erTi ram SeuZlia:
Tu mosarCelis mier miTiTebuli davis sagnis fasi ar
Seesabameba sadavo qonebis namdvil sabazro
Rirebulebas, maSin es fasi TviTon mosamarTlem unda
gansazRvros, Tu saWiroa, specialistis monawileobiT
(ix. me-40 muxlis komentari). magram, Tu mosamarTlem
ver SeZlo davis sagnis fasis gansazRvra, man unda
ixelmZRvanelos davis sagnis im fasiT, romelzec
miuTiTebs mosarCele Tavis sarCelSi.
4. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsSi 2006
wlis 13 ivliss Setanili cvlilebebisa da damatebebis
Sedegad amoRebul iqna 43-e muxli, romelic
araqonebriv davebSi sarCelis (davis sagnis) fasis
gansazRvris wess adgenda. amis nacvlad SemoRebul
80
iqna araqonebriv davebSi saxelmwifo baJis (da ara

davis sagnis) mtkiced gansazRvruli odenoba (ix. 39-e
muxlis T qvepunqti). amitom, kolizia araqonebriv
davis sagnis Rirebulebasa da qonebrivi davis
Rirebulebas Soris aRar unda warmoiSvas
.
muxli 42. davis sagnis fasis winaswar

gansazRvra
Tu sarCelis aRZvris momentSi SeuZlebelia davis sagnis Rirebulebis zustad gansazRvra, saxelmwifo baJis odenobas winaswar gansazRvravs mosamarTle, Semdeg ki
xdeba damatebiT gadaxdevineba an zedmetad
gadaxdilis ukan dabruneba saqmis gadawyvetisas dadgenili sarCelis fasis Sesabamisad.
_ sarCelis aRZvris dros yovelTvis ar aris SesaZlebeli davis sagnis Rirebulebis zustad gansazRvra, amitom kanonmdebeli uSvebs SesaZleblobas winaswar, daaxloebiT mainc ganisazRvros baJis odenoba (da
ara sagnis Rirebuleba), xolo Semdeg ki SeiZleba moxdes damatebiT gadaxdevineba an zedmetad gadaxdilis
ukan dabruneba imis mixedviT, Tu rogor ganisazRvra
sarCelis fasi sabolood.
_ mosarCeles SeuZlia, mas Semdeg rac man aRZra sarCeli, gaadidos Tavisi sasarCelo moTxovna an Secvalos sarCelis sagani (83-e muxlis me-2 nawili). sasarCelo moTxovnis gadidebis SemTxvevaSi Sesabamisad unda moxdes damatebiTi gadaxdevineba, xolo Tu sarCelis sagnis Secvla iwvevs davis sagnis gadidebas, am SemTxvevaSic unda moxdes damatebiTi gadaxdevineba. magram Tu moxda sasarCelo moTxovnis Semcireba an Tu
sarCelis sagnis Secvlam gamoiwvia aseTi Semcireba, maSin Sesabamisad unda moxdes baJis Semcirebac, e. i. zedmetad gadaxdilis ukan dabruneba. damatebiTi gadax-
81
devineba an zedmetad gadaxdilis ukan dabruneba SeiZleba moxdes sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT.
muxli 43. amoRebulia

muxli 44. saqmis ganxilvasTan
dakavSirebuli xarjebi
saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebia:
a) mowmeebis, specialistebisa da eqspertebisaTvis misacemi Tanxebi;
b) Tarjimnad mowveuli pirebisaTvis misacemi Tanxebi;
g) adgilobriv daTvalierebaze gaweuli
xarjebi;
d) mopasuxis moZebnis xarjebi;
e) sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi;
v) advokatisaTvis saxelmwifo salarodan
gadaxdili Tanxebi.
z) specialur saeqsperto dawesebulebaSi
sasamarTlo eqspertizis Catarebis xarjebi
1. 44-e muxli Seicavs saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis amomwurav CamonaTvals. saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi saxelmwifo baJTan erTad Seadgens maT erTobliobaSi sasamarTlo xarjebs.
yvela sxva xarjebi aris sasamarTlos gareSe xarjebi
(37-e muxlis me-3 naw.)
2. xarjebi, romlebic unda mieceT mowmeebs,
eqspertebs,
specialistebs
da
Tarjimnebs
gaTvaliswinebulia 45-e muxliT.
rac Seexeba adgilze daTvalierebas, sasamarTlom
unda gansazRvros am xarjebis odenoba da daakisros
misi gadaxda erT-erT an orive mxares, imisda mixedviT
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erT-erTi mxaris Tu sasamarTlos iniciativiT warmoebs

daTvaliereba (ix. 126-e muxlis komentari).
3. mopasuxis Zebnis gamocxadebas iTvaliswinebs 3566-e
muxlis pirveli nawili (ix. am muxlis komentari). garda
amisa, saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb saqarTvelos
kanonis 30-e muxli iTvaliswinebs movalis Zebnas saqmeebze
alimentis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb, sxeulis dasaxiCrebiT
an janmrTelobis sxvagvari dazianebiT, agreTve marCenalis
sikvdiliT gamowveuli zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb,
rodesac movalis adgilsamyofeli ucnobia an roca igi
specialurad aridebs Tavs movaleobis Sesrulebas. aseT
SemTxvevebSi mosamarTles gamoaqvs ganCineba policiis
organoebis meSveobiT movalis Zebnis Sesaxeb.
4. gadawyvetilebaTa aRsrulebac dakavSirebulia
garkveul xarjebTan, es xarjebi gaTvaliswinebulia
saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis
39-e muxliT, romlis Tanaxmad aRsrulebasTan
dakavSirebul xarjebs miekuTvneba: 1. im pirebisaTvis
asanazRaurebeli Tanxebi, romelTa mowvevac
aucilebeli iyo karebis an sacavis gaxsnisaTvis; 2.
nivTebis Sesanaxad gadasaxdeli Tanxebi; 3. xarjebi,
romlebic warmoiSva sajaro vaWrobis gamocxadebisas; 4.
xarjebi, romlebic warmoiSva movalis dakavebiT; 5.
auqcionis Catarebis xarjebi.
mopasuxis moZebnisa da gadawyvetilebis
aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis anazRaureba
warmoebs am kodeqsis
51-e muxliT, agreTve
saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis
38-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT (ix. 51-e muxlis komentari).
5. saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebul xarjebs
miekuTvneba advokatisaTvis saxelmwifo salarodan
gadaxdili Tanxebi, rasac iTvaliswinebs 47-e muxlis
me-2 nawili (ix. am muxlis komentari).
6. specialur saeqsperto dawesebulebaTa kategorias
miekuTvnebian kerZo specialuri saeqsperto
dawesebulebebi da saxelmwifo specialuri
saeqsperto dawesebulebebi. am dawesebulebaTa
83
eqspertebis mier gaweuli SromisaTvis da

sasamarTloSi gamocxadebisaTvis gaweuli xarjebis
anazRaurebis wess gansazRvravs 45-e muxlis pirveli
da me-2 nawilebi (ix. am muxlis komentari).
muxli 45. mowmeebis, eqspertebis,

specialistebisa da TarjimnisaTvis
gadasaxdeli Tanxebi
1. mowmeebs, eqspertebs, specialistebs,
Tarjimnebs aunazRaurdebaT sasamarTloSi gamocxadebisaTvis gaweuli mgzavrobisa da sacxovrebeli sadgomis daqiravebis
xarjebi da miecemaT dRiuri Tanxa. amasTan,
kerZo specialuri saeqsperto dawesebulebebi (damoukidebeli eqspertebi), specialistebi, Tarjimnebi iReben gasamrjelos
dadebuli SeTanxmebis safuZvelze sasamarTlos davalebiT Sesrulebuli samuSaosaTvis. anazRaurebis odenobis gansazRvrisas mxedvelobaSi miiReba dro, romelic
maT unda moaxmaron sasamarTlos davalebis
Sesrulebas, masalebi, romlebic saWiro
iqneba am movaleobis saTanadod SesrulebisaTvis da sxva.
2. saxelmwifo specialuri saeqsperto
dawesebulebisaTvis sasamarTlo-saeqperto
momsaxurebis (specialistis, Tarjimnis)
anazRaurebas axorcielebs eqspertizis
damniSvneli organo (Tanamdebobis piri),
saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier dadgenili
normebisa da tarifebis Sesabamisad, im
SemTxvevebis garda, rodesac aRniSnuli
momsaxurebis gaweva warmoebs saxelmwifo
an sxva saxsrebidan gamoyofili programuli dafinansebis farglebSi.
3. muSakebs, romlebic mowmeebad arian
84
dabarebulni sasamarTloSi, samuSao adgilze unarCundebaT saSualo xelfasi. mowmeebs, romlebic ar arian SromiT urTierTobaSi, samuSaodan an Cveulebrivi saqmianobidan mocdenisaTvis eZlevaT gasamrjelo faqtobrivad daxarjuli droisa da
Sromis anazRaurebis minimaluri odenobis
gaTvaliswinebiT.
1. am muxlSi CamoTvlil yvela pirs, mowmeebs,
eqspertebs, specialistebs da Tarjimnebs, romlebic
mowodebuli arian daexmaron sasamarTlos
marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebaSi, ekuTvniT
anazRaureba mgzavrobisaTvis, sacxovrebeli sadgomis
daqiravebisaTvis da kvebisaTvis im odenobiT, rac
gansazRvrulia TiToeuli am miznisaTvis Sesabamisi
tarifebiT qveynis SigniT mivlinebisaTvis, xolo Tu
aseTi tarifebi ar arsebobs maSin faqtiurad gaweuli
xarjebisaTvis, rac unda dadasturdes Sesabamisi
dokumentebiT sasamarTlosaTvis wardgeniT.
2. garda am xarjebisa eqspertebi, Tarjimnebi da
specialistebi damatebiT iReben gasamrjelos
sasamarTlos davalebiT Sesrulebuli samuSaosaTvis.
am gasamrjelos miRebis odenoba, safuZveli da wesi
gansxvavebulia imis mixedviT, Tu romeli saeqsperto
dawesebulebis TanamSromelia eqsperti (Tarjimani,
specialisti).
3. Tu eqsperti (Tarjimani, specialisti) kerZo
specialuri
saeqsperto
dawesebulebis
TanamSromelia, romelsac am muxlis me-2 nawili
damoukidebel eqsperts uwodebs, maSin isini
gasamrjelos iReben im odenobiT, rac gansazRvrulia
maTsa da sasamarTlos Soris dadebuli SeTanxmebiT.
45-e muxlis me-2 nawili Seicavs zogad kriteriums,
romlis safuZvelze sasamarTlom unda gansazRvros im
gasamrjelos odenoba, romelic unda mieces eqsperts,
specialists, Tarjimans. am kriteriumis Tanaxmad
85
eqspertis gasamrjelos odenobis gansazRvrisas

sasamarTlom mxedvelobaSi unda miiRos dro, romelic
man, agreTve Tarjimanma, specialistma unda moaxmaron
sasamarTlos davalebis Sesrulebas, masalebi,
romlebic saWiro iqneba am movaleobis Sesasruleblad
an romlebic unda gaanalizos eqspertma da a.S.
4. sxva wesiT iRebs gasamrjelos eqsperti, (Tarjimani,
specialisti), romelic saxelmwifo specialuri
saeqsperto dawesebulebis TanamSromelia. anazRaurebas
axorcielebs eqspertizis damniSvneli organo an am
organos Sesabamisi Tanamdebobis piri, magaliTad,
sasamarTlo (mosamarTle), prokuratura (prokurori,
gamomZiebeli) da a.S. aseT SemTxvevaSi anazRaurebis
odenobis gansazRvra warmoebs saqarTvelos mTavrobis
mier dadgenili normebisa da tarifebis Sesabamisad.10
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saxelmwifo specialuri
saeqsperto dawesebuleba saeqsperto an sxvagvar
momsaxurebas axorcielebs saxelmwifo an sxva
saxsrebidan gamoyofili programuli dafinansebis
farglebSi, maSin eqspertizis damniSvneli organo
Tavisufldeba yovelgvari anazRaurebisagan, ris
Sesaxebac unda ecnobos am organos (Tanamdebobis pirs).
45-e muxlis me-2 nawilis azrisa da Sinaarsis mixedviT
saxelmwifo saeqsperto dawesebulebis eqsperti
(Tarjimani, specialisti) gasamrjelos iRebs ara
uSualod eqspertizis damniSnavi organosagan, aramed
saxelmwifo saeqsperto dawesebulebisagan, romelsac
Sesabamisi tarifebis mixedviT gadaericxeba Tanxa.
5. Tu mowmeebad gamosaZaxebeli pirebi umuSevrebi
arian, maT garda am muxlis pirvel nawilSi miTiTebuli
Tanxebisa, eZlevaT agreTve gasamrjelo faqtobrivad
daxarjuli droisa da Sromis anazRaurebis im
minimaluri odenobis gaTvaliswinebiT, rac
dadgenilia oficialurad mTeli qveynis masStabiT.
10
ix. saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2005 wlis 11 martis dadgenileba
sasamarTlo-saeqsperto momsaxurebis tarifebis damtkicebis
Sesaxeb
86
muxli 46. sasamarTlo xarjebis

gadaxdisagan gaTavisufleba
1. saxelmwifo biujetis sasargeblod sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan Tavisufldebian:
a) mosarCeleebi - alimentis gadaxdevinebis sarCelebze;
b) mosarCeleebi _- dasaxiCrebiT an janmrTelobis sxva dazianebiT, agreTve marCenalis sikvdiliT miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis sarCelebze;
g) mosarCeleebi -_ danaSauliT miyenebuli materialuri zaralis anazRaurebis sarCelebze;
d) mxareebi - ukanono msjavrdebis, sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi ukanonod micemis, aRkveTis RonisZiebad dapatimrebis
ukanonod gamoyenebis an gamasworebel samuSaoTa saxiT administraciuli saxdelis
ukanonod dadebis Sedegad moqalaqisaTvis
miyenebuli zaralis anazRaurebasTan dakavSirebul sarCelebze;
e) mosarCeleebi - arasrulwlovanTa uflebebis darRvevasTan dakavSirebul sarCelebze;
v) mxareebi, romlebic arian socialurad
daucveli ojaxebis monacemTa erTian bazaSi registrirebuli pirebi, rac dasturdeba socialurad daucveli ojaxebis monacemTa
erTian bazaSi registraciis mowmobiT;
z) mxareebi - winaswari (Sualeduri) gadwyvetilebis saapelacio da sakasacio wesebiT gasaCivrebisas.
2. kanoniT SeiZleba gaTvaliswinebul iqnes saxelmwifo biujetis sasargeblod
sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan mxareTa gaTavisuflebis sxva SemTxvevebic.
87
1. im SemTxvevaTa CamonaTvali, romlebsac Seicavs

46-e muxli, ar aris amomwuravi, radgan am muxlis mier
meore nawilis Tanaxmad, kanonmdeblobiT SeiZleba
gaTvaliswinebul iqnes saxelmwifo biujetis
sasargeblod sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan
gaTavisuflebis sxva SemTxvevebic.
2. saxelmwifo baJis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis
me-5 muxli afarTovebs im pirTa wres, romlebic
Tavisufldebian saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdisagan.
amitom, mizanSewonilad vcaniT mTlianad
gadmogvetana Sesabamisi amonaridi saxelmwifo
baJis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonidan:
1. saerTo sasamarTloebSi gansaxilvel saqmeebze
saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdisagan Tavisufldebian:
a) fizikuri pirebi - sarCelebze xelfasis
gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb da sxva moTxovnebze Sromis
anazRaurebis Taobaze, romlebic gamomdinareobs
Sromis samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan;
b) mosarCeleni - sarCelebze, romlebic
gamomdinareobs saavtoro, agreTve aRmoCenis,
gamogonebis, racionalizatoruli winadadebebisa da
samrewvelo nimuSebis uflebebidan;
g) mosarCeleni - sarCelebze alimentebis
gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb;
d) fizikuri da iuridiuli pirebi - maTze im
dokumentebis gacemisaTvis, romlebic dakavSirebulia
sisxlis samarTlisa da alimentis saqmeebTan;
e) mosarCeleni - sarCelebze zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb,
romelic miyenebulia dasaxiCrebiT an janmrTelobis sxva
dazianebiT, agreTve marCenalis sikvdiliT;
v) fizikuri pirebi - sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebTan
dakavSirebul sakasacio saCivrebze danaSaulis
Sedegad miyenebuli materialuri zaralis amoRebis
sisworis Sesaxeb;
z) socialuri dazRvevis organoebi da socialuri
uzrunvelyofis organoebi regresul sarCelebze zianis
mimyeneblis mier dazaralebulze gacemuli daxmarebis
88
an pensiis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb, xolo socialuri

uzrunvelyofis organoebi - agreTve sarCelebze
arasworad miRebuli daxmarebebisa da pensiebis Sesaxeb;
T) mosarCele - danaSauliT miyenebuli materialuri
zaralis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb sarCelze;
i) mxareebi - sakasacio saCivrebze ganqorwinebis
saqmeebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb;
k) Sinagan saqmeTa organoebi, rogorc mosarCeleebi sarCelebze im pirebis ZebnasTan dakavSirebuli
xarjebis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb, romlebic Tavs arideben
alimentebisa da sxva msgavsi Tanxebis gadaxdas;
l) saxelmwifo safinanso-sakredito, sagadasaxado,
sabaJo da sxva makontrolebeli organoebi, rogorc
mosarCeleebi an mopasuxeebi - sarCelebze
gadasaxadebis, mosakreblebis, saxelmwifo baJisa da
sxva aucilebeli gadasaxdelebis biujetSi gadaxdisa
da biujetidan Tanxebis dabrunebis Sesaxeb, agreTve
gansakuTrebuli warmoebis saqmeebze;
m) invalidebi, invalidTa sazogadoebrivi
organizaciebi, maTi dawesebulebebi, saswavlo-sawarmoo
organizaciebi da gaerTianebebi - yvela sarCelze;
m1) socialurad daucveli ojaxebis monacemTa erTian
bazaSi registrirebuli piri, rac dasturdeba socialurad
daucveli ojaxebis monacemTa erTian bazaSi, registraciis
mowmobiT;
n) mosarCeleni - sarCelebze istoriuli, mxatvruli
da sxva faseulobis ukanono mflobelobidan
gamoTxovis Sesaxeb;
o) mxareebi - sarCelebze materialuri zaralis
anazRaurebis Sesaxeb, romelic miyenebulia fizikuri
piris ukanonod gasamarTlebis, misi sisxlis samarTlis
pasuxisgebaSi ukanonod micemis, aRkveTis RonisZiebis
saxiT ukanonod dapatimrebis an dapatimrebis saxiT
administraciuli saxdelis ukanonod dadebis Sedegad;
p) iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebi da ltolvilebi
- saCivrebze maTi iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirad da
ltolvilad arcnobis Sesaxeb;
89
J) saqarTvelos garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis

dacvis saministro, rogorc mosarCele an mopasuxe sarCelebze garemos gaWuWyianebisa da garemos dacvis
kanonmdeblobis
sxva
darRvevebis
Sedegad
saxelmwifosaTvis miyenebuli zaralis asanazRaureblad
biujetSi Tanxebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb;
r) veteranebi, romlebmac omisa da SeiaraRebuli
Zalebis veteranebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis
moTxovnaTa dasacavad mimarTes sasamarTlos;
s) saqarTvelos ekonomikis, mrewvelobisa da vaWrobis
saministro - saxelmwifo qonebis privatizebasTan
dakavSirebul sadavo sakiTxebze;
t) sajaro reestris erovnuli saagento, rogorc
mosarCele an mopasuxe - sarCelze miwis dacvis wesebis
Seusruleblobisa da miwis kanonmdeblobis sxva
darRvevebis Sedegad saxelmwifosaTvis miyenebuli
zianis asanazRaureblad biujetSi Tanxebis
gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb;
u) dawesebulebebi (organizaciebi) romelTa xarjebi
finansdeba mxolod saxelmwifo biujetidan - yvela
saqmeze;
f) arqiteqturul-samSeneblo inspeqciebi, rogorc
mosarCeleebi an mopasuxeebi, saqarTvelos
kanonmdeblobiT maT kompetencias mikuTvnebul
sakiTxebze;
q) mSobeli an arasrulwlovanis kanonieri
warmomadgeneli, rogorc mosarCele - sarCelze
arasrulwlovnis uflebebis darRvevis an misTvis
miyenebuli qonebrivi Tu moraluri zianis
anazRaurebis Taobaze;
R) saqarTvelos erovnuli banki - yvela sarCelze.
y) likvidaciaSi myofi komerciuli bankebi da
arasabanko sadepozito dawesebulebebi-sakredito
kavSirebi - komerciuli bankebisa da arasabanko
sadepozito dawesebulebebis - sakredito
kavSirebisaTvis daufaravi sesxebis, sesxebis
90
procentebisa da sxva debitoruli davalianebebis

dabrunebaze aRZrul yvela sarCelze;
S) saqarTvelos fasiani qaRaldebis erovnuli komisia
- fasiani qaRaldebis bazris Sesaxeb saqarTvelos
kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi;
C) mosarCele - ukanono da dausabuTebeli qonebis
saxelmwifosTvis gadacemis Sesaxeb aRZrul
sarCelebze;
c) mosarCele - Tanamdebobis pirTa ukanono da
dausabuTebeli qonebisa da reketuli qonebis
saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis Taobaze aRZrul
sarCelebze;
Z) saqarTvelos Tavisufali vaWrobisa da
konkurenciis saagento, rogorc mosarCele an
mopasuxe - sarCelze Tavisufali vaWrobisa da
konkurenciis
kanonmdeblobis
moTxovnaTa
darRvevebis Taobaze;
w) saqarTvelos iusticiis saministro, rogorc
mosarCele - normatiul aqtebTan dakavSirebul
sadavo sakiTxebze.
2. saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi
saerTo sasamarTloebis mier Setanil konstituciur
wardginebaze saxelmwifo baJi ar gadaixdevineba.
3. 46-e muxlis pirveli nawilis a qvepunqtisa da
saxelmwifo baJis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis me-5
muxlis g punqtis Tanaxmad sasamarTlo xarjebis
gadaxdisagan Tavisufldebian mosarCeleebi alimentis
gadaxdevinebis sarCelebze. es imas niSnavs, rom, Tu
mosarCele moiTxovs alimentis moculobis Semcirebas,
aseTi mosarCeleebi gadaixdian saxelmwifo baJs, magram
Tu isini moiTxoven alimentis gadaxdevinebas an misi
moculobis gazrdas - aseTi mosarCeleni
gaTavisuflebulni arian baJis gadaxdisagan. 46-e muxlis
g qvepunqtisa da saxelmwifo baJis Sesaxeb
saqarTvelos kanonis pirveli nawilis T qvepunqtis
Tanaxmad, sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan
Tavisufldebian mosarCeleebi danaSauliT miyenebuli
91
zaralis anazRaurebis sarCelebze, magram aq

mxedvelobaSia danaSauli, romelic dadasturebulia
kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli ganaCeniT, romliTac mopasuxe
aRiarebulia damnaSaved. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo
xarjebis gadaxdisagan Tavisufldebian mosarCeleebi,
magram ara mopasuxeebi, romlebic aRiarebuli arian
damnaSaveebad. analogiurad, 46-e muxlis pirveli nawilis
d qvepunqtis gamoyenebisas saWiroa, rom arsebobdes
Sesabamisi kompetenturi organos, kerZod sasamarTlos
dadgenileba (ganaCeni, ganCineba), romliTac piri
cnobilia ukanonod msjavrdebulad, sisxlis samarTlis
pasuxisgebaSi ukanonod micemulad, administraciuli
sasjelis ukanonod dadebulad da a.S.
4. 46-e muxlis pirveli nawilis danawesidan
gamomdinare mosarCeleebi am muxlSi CamoTvlil
SemTxvevebSi Tavisufldebian ara sasamarTlo xarjebis
gadaxdisagan saerTod, aramed sasamarTlo xarjebis
gadaxdisagan saxelmwifo biujetSi. es imas niSnavs,
rom isini ar arian gaTavisuflebuli iseTi
xarjebisagan, romlebic maT unda gadaixadon erT-erTi
mxaris sasargeblod.

gadaxdisagan gaTavisufleba
sasamarTlos mier
1. sasamarTlos, moqalaqis qonebrivi mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT SeuZlia mTlianad an nawilobriv gaaTavisuflos igi saxelmwifo biujetis sasargeblod sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan.
2. Tu mxares ar SeuZlia advokatis xarjebis anazRaureba, sasamarTlos ufleba
aqvs am mxaris Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze
moiwvios advokati saxelmwifos xarjze, Tu
gansaxilveli saqmis mniSvnelobisa da sirTulis gamo advokatis monawileoba am saq92
mis ganxilvaSi mizanSewonilia. aseT SemTxvevaSi advokati miiRebs anazRaurebas saxelmwifo biujetidan davis sagnis Rirebulebis 4 procentamde odenobiT. araqonebrivi davis dros gansaxilveli saqmis mniSvnelobisa da sirTulis gaTvaliswinebiT
advokati miiRebs anazRaurebas saxelmwifo
biujetidan 2000 laramde odenobiT.
3. erTi mxaris gaTavisufleba sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan meore mxaris
sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdis valdebulebebze gavlenas ar axdens.
1. sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan sasamarTlom
SeiZleba gaaTavisuflos mxolod fizikuri da ara iuridiuli piri. iuridiuli piris mimarT dasaSvebia mxolod sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdis gadadeba an maTi
odenobis Semcireba (48-49-e muxlebi).
fizikuri piris sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan
gaTavisuflebis sakiTxis gadawyvetisas sasamarTlom
mxedvelobaSi unda miiRos ori garemoeba: pirveli _
moqalaqis qonebrivi mdgomareoba, ris gamoc mas ar
aqvs saSualeba gadaixados sasamarTlo xarjebi. am garemoebis dadasturebis tvirTi ekisreba TviTon am fizikur pirs, da meore, gaTavisufleba SeiZleba mxolod iseTi sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan, romlebic saxelmwifo biujetSi unda Cairicxos. amitom, mxare ar SeiZleba gaTavisufldes iseTi sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan, romlebic erT-erTi mxaris sasargeblod unda gadaixados.
2. saxelmwifos xarjze advokatis mowvevisaTvis saWiroa Semdegi pirobebis erTdroulad arseboba:
a) saqmis masalebidan unda Candes, rom mas ar SeuZlia misi qonebrivi mdgomareobis gamo advokatis xarjebis anazRaureba.
b) gansaxilveli saqme imdenad mniSvnelovani da rTulia, rom Zneli iqneba daicvas mxarem Tavisi uflebebi.
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3. Tu sasamarTlom sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan gaaTavisufla erT-erTi mxare, es cxadia ar aTavisuflebs meore mxares aseTi xarjebis gadaxdisagan.
meore mxare valdebulia gaiRos yvela is xarji, rasac
is gaiRebda, rom erT-erTi mxare ar yofiliyo gaTavisuflebuli xarjebis gadaxdisagan (ix. 53-e muxlis komentari).

gadaxdis gadadeba da maTi odenobis
Semcireba
sasamarTlos, mxareTa qonebrivi mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT, SeuZlia erT an
orive mxares gadaudos saxelmwifo biujetis sasargeblod sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxda, anda Seamciros am xarjebis odenoba.
_ sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdis gaTavisuflebasTan
erTad (47-e muxli) samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs: a) sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdis gadadebas; da b) sasamarTlo xarjebis odenobis Semcirebas.
ra Tqma unda, sasamarTlos SeuZlia erTdroulad Seamciros sasamarTlo xarjebis odenoba da gadaudos mxares am Semcirebuli xarjebis gadaxda. TiToeuli am
sakiTxis gadawyvetisas sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobs
erTi kriteriumiT _ mxareTa qonebrivi mdgomareobiT.
_ sasamarTlo xarjebis odenobis Semcireba yovelTvis ar aris damokidebuli sasamarTlos mixedulebaze. arsebobs kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli konkretuli
safuZvlebi, romelTa arsebobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo valdebulia Seamciros sasamarTlo xarjebis odenoba (49-e muxli).
_ sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdis gadadebis, Tu maTi odenobis Semcirebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs
ganCineba, romelic ar saCivrdeba.
94
muxli 49. saxelmwifo baJis odenobis

Semcireba
1. Tu sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze mosarCele uars ityvis sarCelze, mopasuxe
cnobs sarCels an mxareebi morigdebian,
saxelmwifo baJis odenoba naxevrdeba.
2. Tu sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomamde
mosarCele uars ityvis sarCelze, mopasuxe
cnobs sarCels an mxareebi morigdebian,
mxareebi mTlianad Tavisufldebian saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdisagan.
3. Tu sarCelze uaris Tqma an sarCelis
cnoba davis sagnis mxolod nawils Seexeba,
saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdis valdebuleba ganisazRvreba darCenili nawilis Sesabamisad.
4. saapelacio da sakasacio sasamarTloebSi
saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdisagan mTlianad
gaTavisufleba an saxelmwifo baJis odenobis ganaxevreba xdeba am muxliT dadgenili wesiT, mxolod am instanciebisaTvis
gansazRvruli saxelmwifo baJis odenobis
farglebSi.
1. mosarCelis mier sarCelze uarisTqma, mopasuxis
mier sarCelis cnoba, mxareTa morigeba warmoadgens
dispoziciurobis principis konkretul gamovlinebas,
am principis praqtikul realizacias.
kanonmdebeli yovelnairad cdilobs waaxalisos
mxareTa aseTi moqmedeba, radgan igi xels uwyobs
procesis ekonomiis principis moTxovnaTa
ganxorcielebas, saqmis gadawyvetis daCqarebas,
procesis xarjebis Semcirebas da a.S.
swored aRniSnuli mosazrebiTaa ganpirobebuli am
muxlis pirveli nawiliT damkvidrebuli debuleba,
romlis Tanaxmad saxelmwifo baJis odenoba
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naxevrdeba, Tu mosarCele uars ityvis sarCelze

mopasuxe cnobs sarCels, an mxareebi morigdebian.
magram romeli mxare ixdis im ganaxevrebul
saxelmwifo baJs?
es sakiTxi mowesrigebulia 54-e muxliT, romlis
Tanaxmad Tu mosarCelem uari Tqva sarCelze baJis
naxevars gadaixdis TviT es mosarCele, xolo, Tu
mopasuxem cno sarCeli baJis am naxevars mopasuxe
gadaixdis.
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mxareebi morigdebian baJis naxevris
gadaxda ganawildeba orive mxares Soris, magram Tu
mxareebma TviTon gaiTvaliswines baJis gadaxdis
ganawilebis wesi, sasamarTlo am sakiTxs gadawyvets maTi
SeTanxmebis Sesabamisad (54-e muxlis me-2 naw.)
2. mxareebi mTlianad Tavisufldebian saxelmwifo
baJis gadaxdisagan, Tu sarCelze uaris Tqma, sarCelis
cnoba an mxareTa morigeba ganxorcielda sasamarTlos
mTavar sxdomamde.
3. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom sarCelze uaris Tqma an
sarCelis cnoba davis sagnis mxolod nawils Seexos.
aseT SemTxvevaSi baJis odenoba ganisazRvreba davis
sagnis im nawilis fasis mixedviT, romelzec uars ar
ambobs mosarCele, an ar cnobs mopasuxe.
5. mosarCelis mier sarCelze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb,
agreTve mxareTa morigebis Sesaxeb, sasamarTlos
gamoaqvs ganCineba, saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb
(ix. 272-e muxlis komentari), romelzec SeiZleba kerZo
saCivris Setana.
am ganCinebaSi unda aRiniSnos saxelmwifo baJis
ganaxevrebis, Tu misgan mTlianad gaTavisuflebis
Sesaxeb, imis mixedviT, Tu romel etapze Tqva
mosarCelem uari sarCelze an romel etapze
morigdnen mxareebi.
mopasuxis mier sarCelis cnobis SemTxvevaSi
sasamarTlos gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba sarCelis
dakmayoflebis Sesaxeb (ix. 208-e muxlis me-3 nawilis
komentari).
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6) sarCelze uaris Tqma, sarCelis cnoba an mxareTa

morigeba dasaSvebia saapelacio da sakasacio
instanciis sasamarTloebSic. magram saxelmwifo baJis
ganaxevreba an misi gadaxdisagan mTlianad
gaTavisufleba SeiZleba Seexos mxolod saapelacio
saCivrisaTvis an sakasacio saCivrisaTvis Setanil
saxelmwifo baJs. es imas niSnavs, rom saxelmwifo baJis
odenoba, romelic Setanilia pirveli instanciiT
saqmis ganxilvisaTvis ucvleli rCeba.
muxli 50. adgilze daTvalierebiT

gamowveuli xarjebis anazRaureba
Tu adgilze daTvaliereba xdeba am sasamarTlos teritoriuli gansjadobis farglebs gareT, sasamarTlos an mosamarTles,
romelic aseT daTvalierebas awarmoebs, aunazRaurdeba mgzavrobasTan, binis daqiravebasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi, agreTve
miecema dRiuri Tanxa.
_ 50-e muxli iTvaliswinebs adgilze daTvalierebiT gamowveuli xarjebis anazRaurebis dasaSvebobas,
Tu aseTi daTvaliereba xdeba `sasamarTlos teritoriuli gansjadobis farglebs gareT.~ aq igulisxmeba
iseTi viTareba, rodesac teritoriuli gansjadobis
gareTa farglebi, sadac unda moxdes adgilze daTvaliereba, imdenad daSorebulia daTvalierebis Camtarebeli sasamarTlos gansjadobis teritoriidan, rom
saWiro xdeba damatebiTi xarjebis gaReba mgzavrobisaTvis, binis daqiravebisaTvis da kvebisaTvis.
_ adgilze daTvalierebasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis dafarvis wesi Camoyalibebulia 126-e muxlSi.
mgzavrobisaTvis, binis daqiravebisa da kvebisaTvis anazRaurebis odenoba unda ganisazRvros saqarTvelos teritoriaze samivlinebo xarjebisaTvis dad-
97
genili tarifebis mixedviT, xolo Tu aseTi ar arsebobs _ faqtobrivad gaweuli xarjebis mixedviT.
muxli 51. mopasuxisa da movalis

moZebna
mopasuxis moZebna, roca es gaTvaliswinebulia kanoniT, warmoebs saxelmwifo biujetis xarjze da gadaxdeba, Sesabamisad,
mopasuxes _- saxelmwifo biujetis sasargeblod sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gamotanis Semdeg, xolo movales -_ gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis dros. movales gadaxdeba agreTve sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis
aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi.
mopasuxis Zebnis gamocxadeba gaTvaliswinebulia 3566
muxliT, romlis Tanaxmad reketiris, qurduli samyaros
wevris, maTi ojaxis wevrisa da maTTan dakavSirebul pirTa mimarT SesaZlebelia gamocxaddes Zebna.
rac Seexeba movalis Zebnas _ es gaTvaliswinebulia
saqarTvelos kanoniT `saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb~. am kanonis 30-e muxlis Tanaxmad, saqmeebze alimentis gadaxdevinebis, sxeulis dasaxiCrebiT an janmrTelobis sxvagvari dazianebiT, agreTve marCenalis
sikvdiliT gamowveuli zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb,
rodesac movalis adgilsamyofeli ucnobia, an roca igi
specialurad aridebs Tavs movaleobis Sesrulebas,
mosamarTles gamoaqvs ganCineba policiis organoebis
meSveobiT movalis Zebnis Sesaxeb.
amrigad, movalis Zebnis Sesaxeb ganCineba gamoaqvs
mosamarTles (sasamarTlos) aRmasruleblis an kreditoris Suamdgomlobis (gancxadebis) safuZvelze.
_ Zebna warmoebs saxelmwifo biujetis xarjze, magram ZebnisaTvis gaweuli xarjebi, mas Semdeg, rac warmodgenili iqneba Sinagan saqmeTa saministros Sesabamisi ganyofilebis angariSi (gancxadeba) movalis Zeb98
naze gaweuli xarjebis Sesaxeb, daekisreba movales gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis dros.

ZebnasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis movalisaTvis
dakisrebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba. sasamarTlo xarjebis gamo gamotanil yovelgvar ganCinebaze, maT Soris ganCinebaze movalisaTvis Zebnis xarjebis dakisrebis gamo SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana
(56-e muxli).
muxli 52. mxaris mier sasamarTlo

xarjebis winaswari Setana
sasamarTlo xarjebi (saxelmwifo baJi da
saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi), kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevebis
garda, winaswar Seaqvs mxares, romelmac
Sesabamisi saproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba moiTxova. Tu aseTi moqmedebis Sesruleba
sasamarTlos iniciativiT xdeba, maSin es Tanxa
orive mxares Seaqvs Tanabarwilad.
_ saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis saxeebs gansazRvravs 44-e muxli, xolo saxelmwifo baJis odenobas _ 39-e muxli.
iseT sasamarTlo xarjebs, rogoricaa mowmeebisaTvis, specialistebisa da eqspertebisaTvis misacemi Tanxebi, agreTve adgilze daTvalierebis xarjebs
winaswar ixdis mxare, romelmac Sesabamisi SuamdgomlobiT mimarTa sasamarTlos. Tu aseTi SuamdgomlobiT orive mxarem mimarTa an Tu aseTi saproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba sasamarTlos iniciativiT xdeba, maSin xarjebs orive mxare ixdis Tanabarwilad.
gamonakliss am mxriv warmoadgens mopasuxis da movalis moZebnis xarjebi, romelic mxares Seaqvs mas Semdeg, roca Zebna Catarda da ganisazRvra danaxarjebis
odenoba, rac daixarja am mizniT.
_ rogorc saxelmwifo baJis, ise sxva saxis sasamar99
Tlo xarjebis winaswar Setanisagan mxare Tavisufldeba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi kanonis Tanaxmad
an sasamarTlos mier gaTavisuflebulia aseTi xarjebis gadaxdisagan (46-47-e muxlebi), an Tu mxares sasamarTlom gadaudo xarjebis gadaxda (48-e muxli).

ganawileba mxareTa Soris
1. im mxaris mier gaRebuli xarjebis gadaxda, romlis sasargeblodac iqna gamotanili gadawyvetileba, ekisreba meore mxares, Tundac es mxare gaTavisuflebuli iyos
saxelmwifo biujetSi sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan. Tu sarCeli dakmayofilebulia nawilobriv, maSin mosarCeles am muxlSi aRniSnuli Tanxa miekuTvneba sarCelis
im moTxovnis proporciulad, rac sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT iqna dakmayofilebuli, xolo - mopasuxes _ sarCelis moTxovnaTa im nawilis proporciulad, romelzedac
mosarCeles uari eTqva. im mxaris warmomadgenlis daxmarebisaTvis gaweul xarjebs, romlis sasargeblodac iqna gamotanili gadawyvetileba, sasamarTlo daakisrebs meore mxares gonivrul farglebSi, magram ara umetes am kodeqsis 47-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT
gaTvaliswinebuli odenobisa.
2. am muxlSi aRniSnuli wesebi Seexeba
agreTve sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawilebas,
romlebic gaswies mxareebma saqmis saapelacio da sakasacio instanciebSi warmoebisas.
3. Tu saapelacio an sakasacio sasamarTlo Secvlis gadawyvetilebas an gamoitans
axal gadawyvetilebas, igi Sesabamisad Secvlis sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawilebasac.
4. Tu saapelacio an sakasacio sasamarT100
lo daabrunebs saqmes xelaxla gansaxilvelad, mTeli sasamarTlo xarjebi, rac gaweulia am saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT, sarCelis aRZvridan dawyebuli, unda
Sejamdes da Semdeg ganawildes mxareTa
Soris am muxlis mixedviT.
1. 53-e muxlis pirveli nawili kidev erTxel azustebs
wess, romlis Tanaxmad esa Tu is mxare SeiZleba gaTavisufldes mxolod im sasamarTlo xarjebidan, romlebic
saxelmwifo biujetSi unda iqnes Setanili. magram mxare
ar SeiZleba gaTavisufldes xarjebisagan, romlebic mowinaaRmdege mxaris sasargeblod unda iqnes gadaxdili.
amrigad, Tu mosarCelem Seitana saxelmwifo baJi da sasamarTlom gamoitana gadawyvetileba misi sarCelis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb, maSin am xarjebis gadaxda im odenobiT, rac mosarCelem Seitana saxelmwifo baJis saxiT
(agreTve sxva xarjebi), daekisreba mopasuxes mosarCelis sasargeblod, miuxedavad imisa, gaTavisuflebulia
Tu ara igi saxelmwifo biujetis sasargeblod sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan. TavisTavad cxadia, rom mxareTa Soris sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawileba, erTi mxaris mier gaweuli xarjebis meore mxareze gadakisreba
unda moxdes sarCelis im moTxovnis proporciulad, romelic daakmayofila an romelzec uari uTxra sasamarTlom Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT.
53-e muxlis pirveli nawilis bolo abzaci gansazRvravs warmomadgenlis daxmarebisaTvis gaweuli xarjebis anazRaurebas, roca gadawyvetileba gamotanilia im mxaris sasargeblod, romelmac aseTi xarjebi
gawia. am SemTxvevaSac moqmedebs wesi, romlis Tanaxmad, Tu sarCeli mTlianad ki ara, nawilobriv iqna dakmayofilebuli, maSin warmomadgenlis daxmarebisaTvis
gaweuli xarjebi daekisreba meore mxares im moTxovnis proporciulad, rac sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT iqna dakmayofilebuli.
kanoni gansazRvravs mxaris mier warmomadgenlis
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daxmarebisaTvis gaweuli xarjebis im odenobis maqsimums, romelic SeiZleba gadaekisros meore mxares: davis sagnis Rirebulebis 4% (47 muxlis me-2 nawili). am
maqsimumis farglebSi sasamarTlos TviTon SeuZlia
Tavisi SexedulebiT, gonivrul farglebSi gansazRvros daxmarebisaTvis gaweuli xarjebis odenoba, romelic meore mxares unda daekisros.
warmomadgenlis daxmarebisaTvis gaweuli xarjebis
odenobis gansazRvris aseTi wesi qmnis am odenobis xelovnurad gazrdis dabrkolebas, rac saboloo angariSSi icavs im mxaris interesebs, romelsac am xarjebis anazRaureba unda gadaekisros.
2. sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawilebis igive wesebi gamoiyeneba saapelacio da sakasacio sasamarTloSi im
SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saapelacio an sakasacio sasamarTlo Secvlis gadawyvetilebas an gamoitans axal gadawyvetilebas. maSin mas evaleba TviTonve Secvalos
sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawilebac. mxedvelobaSia ara
marto saapelacio (sakasacio) saCivrisaTvis gadaxdili baJi, aramed xarjebi, romlebic gaiRes mxareebma
qvemdgom instanciebSi saqmeTa ganxilvisas.
4. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saapelacio an sakasacio
sasamarTlo auqmebs gadawyvetilebas da saqmes abrunebs xelaxla gansaxilvelad, maSin sasamarTlo, romelsac saqme xelaxla gansaxilvelad daubrunda, xelaxla gaanawilebs sasamarTlo xarjebs, imis Sesabamisad, Tu rogor gadawyvetilebas gamoitans saqmis xelaxla ganxilvis Sedegad. xelaxla gadanawileba moicavs sasamarTlo xarjebs mTlianad, rac gaweulia sarCelis aRZvridan saqmis xelaxla ganxilvis Sedegad miRebuli gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde.
102
muxli 54. sasamarTlo xarjebisa da

advokatis daxmarebis gamo
gadasaxdeli xarjebis ganawileba
sarCelze uaris Tqmisa da
morigebisas
1. Tu mosarCelem uari Tqva sarCelze,
mis mier gaweul xarjebs mopasuxe ar aanazRaurebs, magram Tu mosarCelem mxari ar
dauWira Tavis moTxovnas imis gamo, rom
mopasuxem nebayoflobiT daakmayofila igi
sarCelis aRZvris Semdeg, maSin mosarCelis
TxovniT sasamarTlo mopasuxes daakisrebs
mosarCelis mier gaweuli xarjebisa da advokatis daxmarebis gamo gaweuli yvela
xarjis anazRaurebas.
2. Tu mxareebma morigebis dros TviTon
gaiTvaliswines sasamarTlo xarjebisa da
advokatis daxmarebis gamo gaweuli xarjebis ganawilebis wesi, sasamarTlo am sakiTxs wyvets maTi SeTanxmebis Sesabamisad.
1. sarCelze uaris Tqma SeiZleba sxvadasxva motiviT iyos ganpirobebuli. yvela SemTxvevaSi aseTi uaris Sedegad mopasuxes ar ekisreba im xarjebis anazRaureba, romelic mosarCelem gaswia. erTaderTi SemTxveva, rodesac mopasuxes SeiZleba daekisros mosarCelis mier gaweuli xarjebis anazRaureba, esaa mosarCelis mier sarCelze uaris Tqma im motiviT, rom mopasuxem nebayoflobiT daakmayofila igi sarCelis aRZvris
Semdeg. magram aq aucilebelia erTi piroba _ mosarCelis Txovna, rom es xarjebi da advokatis daxmarebis
gamo gaweuli xarjebis anazRaureba daekisros mopasuxes. Tu aseTi Txovna ar arsebobs, sasamarTlo Tavisi iniciativiT amas ver gaakeTebs.
2. mxareTa morigebis SemTxvevaSi, maT SeuZliaT erTmaneTSi SeTanxmdnen sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawile103
bis wesze, rac savaldebuloa sasamarTlosaTvis. Tu mxareebi ar SeTanxmebulan, maSin sasamarTlom TviTon Tavisi iniciativiT unda gaanawilos mxareTa Soris sasamarTlo xarjebi. amasTan, mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli 49-e muxlis danawesi (ix. am muxlis komentari).
_ 54-e muxlSi laparakia advokatis daxmarebis gamo
gaweul xarjebze, magram aucileblad unda vigulisxmoT ara marto advokati, aramed sxva warmomadgenlebic, romlebic mindobilobis safuZvelze fasian daxmarebas uweven mxares.
3. sarCelze uaris Tqmisa Tu mxareTa morigebis gamo, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba (272-e da 273-e muxlebi), romelSic unda Caiweros, Tu romel mxares ra
xarjebi da ra odenobiT unda daekisros.
ar aris gamoricxuli, rom mxarem mimarTos sasamarTlos xarjebis ganawilebis Sesaxeb mas Semdeg, roca
sasamarTlom ukve gamoitana ganCineba, romelSic araferia naTqvami xarjebis ganawilebis Taobaze. maSin
sxva gza ar aris, sasamarTlom 261-e muxlis analogiiT
unda gamoitanos damatebiTi ganCineba da gansazRvros Tu romelma mxarem ra xarjebi unda gaswios.
muxli 55. saxelmwifosaTvis

sasamarTlo xarjebis anazRaureba
1. sasamarTlos mier saqmis ganxilvasTan
dakavSirebiT gaweuli xarjebi da saxelmwifo baJi, romelTa gadaxdisagan gaTavisuflebuli iyo mosarCele, gadaxdeba mopasuxes biujetis Semosavlis sasargeblod,
moTxovnaTa im nawilis proporciulad, romelic dakmayofilebulia.
2. sarCelze uaris Tqmisas sasamarTlos
mier gaweuli xarjebi gadaxdeba mosarCeles saxelmwifo biujetis sasargeblod. Tu
sarCeli dakmayofilebulia nawilobriv, xolo mopasuxe gaTavisuflebulia sasamarT104
lo xarjebis gadaxdisagan, sasamarTlos mier

saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT gaweuli
xarjebi saxelmwifo biujetis sasargeblod gadaxdeba mosarCeles, romelic ar
aris gaTavisuflebuli sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan, sasarCelo moTxovnaTa im
nawilis proporciulad, romlis dakmayofilebazec mas uari eTqva.
3. Tu orive mxare gaTavisuflebulia sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan, maSin sasamarTlos mier saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT gaweul xarjebs gaiRebs saxelmwifo.
1. 55-e muxlis pirvel nawilSi kanonmdebeli gulisxmobs ori saxis xarjebs: pirveli _ esaa sasamarTlos mier
uSualod gaweuli xarji, rac dakavSirebulia saqmis ganxilvasTan da rac gaiRo sasamarTlom imis gamo, rom mxare, romelsac igi unda gaeRo, gaTavisuflebuli iyo aseTi xarjebisagan da meore _ saxelmwifo baJi, romlis gadaxdisagan gaTavisuflebuli iyo mosarCele. am xarjebis
gadaxda daekisreba mopasuxes mxolod moTxovnaTa im nawilis proporciulad, romelic dakmayofilebulia.
2. 55-e muxlis me-2 nawili ar SeiZleba miviCnioT rogorc gamonaklisi saerTo wesidan, rac imas niSnavs, rom
sasamarTlos mier gaweuli xarjebi mosarCeles gadaxdeba saxelmwifo biujetis sasargeblod mxolod im
SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi araa gaTavisuflebuli xarjebis
gadaxdisagan.
sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan orive mxaris gaTavisuflebis SemTxvevaSi am xarjebs saxelmwifo gaiRebs.
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T a v i VI
saproceso uzrunvelyofa
muxli 57. uzrunvelyofis garantia
1. Tu am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi mxares daekisra im zaralis anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofa, romelic SeiZleba ganicados mowinaaRmdege mxarem Sesabamisi saproceso moqmedebis SesrulebiT,
Tu mxareebi sxva rameze ar SeTanxmebulan,
man aseTi uzrunvelyofa unda ganaxorcielos fuladi Tanxis an fasiani qaRaldebis
saqarTvelos iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos
saerTo sasamarTloebis departamentis sadepozito angariSze Setanis gziT, rac
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis mixedviT misaRebia garantiis uzrunvelsayofad.
2. sasamarTlom SeiZleba SeRavaTiani pirobebiT dauSvas uzrunvelyofis sxva saSualeba, kerZod, romelime sakredito dawesebulebis mier gacemuli Tavdeboba.
1. samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi agebulia mxareTa
Tanasworobis principze. am principis erT-erTi gamovlinebaa orive urTierTdapirispirebuli mxaris interesebis Tanabrad gaTvaliswineba ama Tu im saproceso
moqmedebis Sesrulebis dros. magaliTad, mosarCelis
interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT sasamarTlos SeuZlia miiRos ganCineba sarCelis da maT Soris, jer kidev araRZruli sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb (ssk-is 191-e
da 192-e muxlebi), agreTve gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb (ssk-is 271-e muxli). sskis 199-e muxli iTvaliswinebs im zaralis anazRaurebas, rac mxarem ganicada uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis
gatarebiT.
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_ amave dros, 57-e muxlis pirveli nawili iTvaliswinebs mowinaaRmdege mxaris interesebs da mxares, romelmac aseTi uzrunvelyofa moiTxova, Tavis mxriv,
SeiZleba daekisros im zaralis anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofa, romelic SeiZleba ganicados mowinaaRmdege
mxarem. uzrunvelyofis saproceso saSualebad miCneulia fuladi an fasiani qaRaldebis dadeba, rac unda
ganxorcieldes saqarTvelos iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos saerTo sasamarTloebis departamentis sadepozito angariSze S etaniT.
2. 57-e muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, piri, romlis
TxovniTac Sesrulda esa Tu is saproceso moqmedeba,
magaliTad, sarCelis uzrunvelyofa, gadawyvetilebis
aRsrulebis gadadeba da a. S., SeiZleba gaaTavisuflos
sasamarTlom fuladi Tanxebis Tu fasiani qaRaldebis
dadebis movaleobisagan, Tu mis mier warmodgenili iqneba uzrunvelyofis sxva saSualeba. ssk-is 57-e muxlis meore nawilSi miTiTebulia aseT `sxva saSualebaze~, kerZod, romelime sakredito dawesebulebis mier gacemul Tavdebobaze, magram sasamarTlos SeuZlia
uzrunvelyofis garantiad gamoiyenos samoqalaqo kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli sxva saSualebebic. aq erTi
ramaa misaRebi mxedvelobaSi _ uzrunvelyofis ra saSualebac ar unda gamoiyenos sasamarTlom, man es unda gaaformos kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT. magaliTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 892-e muxlis Tanaxmad,
Tavdebobis namdvilobisaTvis saWiroa Tavdebis werilobiTi gancxadeba da Tavdebis pasuxismgeblobis raodenobrivad gansazRvruli maqsimaluri Tanxis miTiTeba.
_ SeuZlia Tu ara sasamarTlos Tavisi iniciativiT
(mxaris Suamdgomlobis gareSe) ganaxorcielos uzrunvelyofis garantia?
57-e muxlis pirveli nawili calsaxad miuTiTebs,
rom mxare, romelic Suamdgomlobs sasamarTlos winaSe iseTi saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis Taobaze, romliTac mowinaaRmdege mxares SeiZleba miadges
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ziani, _ ar SeuZlia Semoifarglos mxolod aseTi moTxovniT. man imavdroulad unda SesTavazos sasamarTlos garantia, romelic Tavis mxriv uzrunvelyofs
im zaralis anazRaurebas, rac mowinaaRmdege mxarem SeiZleba ganicados am saproceso moqmedebis SesrulebiT, vTqvaT _ sarCelis uzrunvelyofiT.
amrigad, aq sasamarTlos iniciativis sakiTxi ar
dgas. mxare, romelic moiTxovs magaliTad, sarCelis
uzrunvelyofas, valdebulia miuTiTos Tu ras sTavazobs igi sasamarTlos da cxadia _ mowinaaRmdege
mxares im zaralis uzrunvelsayofad, romelic am mowinaaRmdege mxarem SeiZleba ganicados.
ra Tqma unda, Tu mxare am movaleobas ar asrulebs _ sasamarTlom unda Seaxsenos mas Seasrulos es
movaleoba, magram Tu mxare amas ar akeTebs, sasamarTlom ar unda daakmayofilos misi Txovna saproceso
moqmedebis Sesrulebaze.
saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebaze Suamdgomlobis aRmZvreli mxaris aseTi movaleoba moixsneba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mxareebi TviTon `SeTanxmdnen
sxva rameze~.
muxli 58. uzrunvelyofis safuZvlis

moxsna
Tu moixsneba safuZveli, romlis gamoc
ganxorcielda uzrunvelyofa, maSin is mxare, romlis sasargeblodac moxda aseTi
uzrunvelyofa, valdebulia daabrunos uzrunvelyofis garantia.
_ uzrunvelyofis safuZvlis moxsna gulisxmobs im
garemoebebis aRmofxvras, ris gamoc sasamarTlom miiRo ganCineba uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb. magaliTad, sarCelis uzrunvelyofis safuZvelia am sarCelze momavalSi misaRebi gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis garTuleba an aseTi aRsrulebis SeuZlebloba (191-e mux108
li). aqedan gamomdinare, Tu miRebul iqna gadawyvetileba im piris winaaRmdeg, vinc moiTxova sarCelis uzrunvelyofa, an kidev, Tu miRebul iqna misTvis xelsayreli gadawyvetileba, romelic ukve aRsrulda, maSin moixsneba kidec uzrunvelyofis garantiis aucilebloba (safuZveli). aseve, Tu mxarem moiTxova mis
winaaRmdeg gamotanili gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis
gadadeba (SeCereba), ris gamoc meore mxarem moiTxova
gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis gadadebiT gamowveuli
zaralis anazRaurebisaTvis uzrunvelyofis garantia
da es moTxovna daakmayofila sasamarTlom, maSin Tu
gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis gadadeba gauqmdeba, moixsneba kidec uzrunvelyofis garantiis safuZveli.
igive iTqmis gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis daSvebisas am gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis SemTxvevaSi misi aRsrulebis Sebrunebis uzrunvelsayofad miRebul garantiaze (268-e muxlis me-2 nawili).
_ yvela SemTxvevaSi, rodesac moixsneba safuZveli, ris gamoc ganxorcielda uzrunvelyofa, mxarem,
Tu mas hqonda gadacemuli uzrunvelyofis garantia
(magaliTad, raime nivTi), an sasamarTlom, Tu aseTi garantia imyofeboda saqarTvelos iusticiis umaRlesi
sabWos saerTo sasamarTloebis departamentis sadepozito angariSze - unda daabrunos igi.
uzrunvelyofis garantiis dabruneba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes rogorc mxaris Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze, ise sasamarTlos iniciativiT, ris Sesaxebac sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelic ar gasaCivrdeba.
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T a v i
VII
saproceso vadebi
muxli 59. saproceso moqmedebis
Sesrulebis vada
1. saproceso moqmedeba sruldeba kanoniT dadgenil vadaSi.
2. Tu saproceso vada kanoniT ar aris
dadgenili, mas gansazRvravs sasamarTlo.
saproceso vadis xangrZlivobis gansazRvrisas sasamarTlom unda gaiTvaliswinos im
saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis SesaZlebloba, risTvisac es vada dainiSna.
3. samoqalaqo saqmeebs sasamarTloebi ganixilaven gancxadebis miRebis dRidan ara
ugvianes 2 Tvisa, xolo gansakuTrebiT rTuli
kategoriis saqmeebze, ganmxilveli sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT es vada SeiZleba
gagrZeldes ara umetes 5 Tvisa, garda alimentis gadaxdevinebis, dasaxiCrebiT an janmrTelobis sxva dazianebiT, agreTve marCenalis sikvdiliT gamowveuli zianis anazRaurebis, SromiTi urTierTobebidan da
sacxovrebeli sadgomiT sargeblobisas
warmoSobili urTierTobebis Sesaxeb
saqarTvelos kanonidan gamomdinare moTxovnis Sesaxeb saqmeebisa, romlebic ganxilul unda iqnes araugvianes 1 Tvisa.
1. saproceso vadebi ori saxisaa: kanonismieri vadebi da sasamarTlo vadebi.
a) kanonismieri vadebi _ vadebi, romlebic kanoniTaa dadgenili. es imas niSnavs, rom saproceso moqmedeba am kanoniT dadgenil vadaSi unda Sesruldes. magaliTad, saapelacio saCivris Setanis vada aris erTi
110
Tve ( 369-e muxli). es imas niSnavs, rom saapelacio saCivari erT TveSi unda iqnes Setanili.
b) sasamarTlosmieri vadebi _ esaa vadebi, romlebic sasamarTlos mieraa gansazRvruli. sasamarTlos
SeuZlia gansazRvros ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis
SesrulebisaTvis vada mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu aseTi vada araa dadgenili kanoniT. magaliTad, Tu sarCeli xarveziania, sasamarTlo miscems vadas mosarCeles
am xarvezis Sesavsebad (185-e muxli). cxadia, rom am vadas gansazRvravs sasamarTlo.
vadis gansazRvrisas sasamarTlom TviTon unda gaiangariSos Tu ramdeni dro dasWirdeba saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebas da amis mixedviT daniSnos vada.
2. 59-e muxlis mesame nawili gansazRvravs pirveli
instanciis sasamarTloebSi saqmeTa ganxilvis vadebs.
samoqalaqo saqmeTa ganxilvis vada am sasamarTloebSi
aris 2 Tve. mxolod gansakuTrebiT rTul saqmeebze es
vada SeiZleba gagrZeldes 5 Tvemde.
konkretuli saqmis ganxilvis orTviani vadis gagrZelebis sakiTxs wyvets TviTon am saqmis ganmxilveli
sasamarTlo (mosamarTle), romelsac amis Sesaxeb gamoaqvs motivirebuli ganCineba, romelSic miTiTebuli unda iyos, Tu raSi gamoixateba gansaxilveli saqmis gansakuTrebuli sirTule da ra droiT gagrZelda misi ganxilva. am ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana
ar SeiZleba.
_ aseTi ganCineba mosamarTles gamoaqvs saqmis momzadebis stadiaze da ara mas Semdeg, roca gavida sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebidan ori an xuTi Tve, rogorc
amas zogjer praqtikaSi aqvs adgili e.i. roca ukve gadis an gavida saqmis ganxilvis kanoniT dadgenili vadebi.
_ saqmis sirTule SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos imiT,
rom masSi monawileoben an monawileoba unda miiRon
TanamosarCeleebma, Tanamopasuxeebma, mesame pirebma
damoukidebeli moTxovniT an mis gareSe, Semotanilia
Segebebuli sarCeli da a. S. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom
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saqmeSi ar iyos monawile pirTa simravle, magram igi

rTulia faqtobrivi an samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT
(magaliTad, misaRebia dokumentebi ucxo qveynidan,
dasakiTxia mowme, romelic sxva qalaqSi an sxva qveyanaSi cxovrobs, samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT gasaanalizebelia kanonis Tu samarTlis analogiis gamoyenebis sakiTxi da a. S.).
59-e muxlis azri mdgomareobs imaSi, rom dauSvebelia gansakuTrebiT rTuli saqmeebis kategorias mivakuTvnoT saqmeebi mxolod imitom, rom ar dagverRves
saqmeTa ganxilvis vadebi.
3. 59-e muxlis mesame nawili Seicavs im kategoriis
saqmeTa CamonaTvals, romlebic ganxilul unda iqnen
araugvianes 1 Tvisa. es aris kanonis kategoriuli moTxovna da am vadebis darRveva dauSvebelia.
muxli 60. saproceso vadis gamoTvla

1. saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis vada
ganisazRvreba zusti kalendaruli TariRiT, im garemoebaze miTiTebiT, romelic
aucileblad unda dadges, an drois monakveTiT. ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi moqmedeba SeiZleba Sesruldes drois mTeli monakveTis ganmavlobaSi.
2. wlebiT, TveebiT an dReebiT gamosaTvleli saproceso vadis dena iwyeba im kalendaruli TariRis an im movlenis dadgomis momdevno dRidan, romliTac gansazRvrulia misi dasawyisi.
1. saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis vada SeiZleba
ganisazRvros:
a) zusti kalendaruli TariRiT. magaliTad, Tu sasamarTlom miiRo gadawyvetileba gadaudos mxares sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxda (48-e muxli), maSin sasamarTlom Tavis ganCinebaSi unda miuTiTos zusti kalen112
daruli TariRi (mag., 2004 wlis 5 seqtembramde), rodemdec gadaedo am xarjebis gadaxda.
b) im garemoebaze miTiTebiT, romelic unda dadges.
magaliTad, Tu saqmis warmoeba SeCerebulia imis gamo,
rom jer unda gadawydes sxva saqme, romelic sxva sasamarTloSi ganixileba, maSin am saqmis warmoeba SeiZleba ganaxldes mxolod mas Semdeg, roca kanonier ZalaSi Seva sxva sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba (279-e da
281-e muxlebi).
g) drois monakveTiT. magaliTad, gancxadebis Setana axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb dauSvebelia gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan 5 wlis gasvlis Semdeg (426-e muxlis
me-4 nawili).
2. Zalian didi praqtikuli mniSvneloba aqvs imis
zustad gansazRvras, Tu saidan iwyeba saproceso vadis dena. magaliTad, kerZo saCivris Setanis vada aris
12 dRe. magram saidan daiwyeba am 12 dRiani vadis gamoTvla?
am 12 dRiani vadis dasawyisia ganCinebis gadacemis
momenti, xolo Tu am ganCinebis gamocxadebas eswreboda kerZo saCivris Setanis uflebis mqone piri, maSin vadis dasawyisia misi gamocxadebis momenti (416-e
muxli). am muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, kerZo saCivris Setanis 12 dRiani vadis gamoTvla unda daiwyos
Sesabamisad ganCinebis gadacemis meore (Semdgomi)
dRidan an am ganCinebis gamocxadebis meore dRidan. e.
i. Tu ganCineba gadaeca mxares 10 noembers, am ganCinebis gasaCivrebis vadis dena daiwyeba 11 noembridan da
damTavrdeba 22 noembers. am wesiT unda moxdes vadebis gamoTvla, roca vadebi ganisazRvreba wlebiT, TveebiT, an dReebiT.
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muxli 61. saproceso vadis

damTavreba
1. wlebiT gamosaTvleli vada damTavrdeba vadis ukanaskneli wlis Sesabamis Tvesa
da ricxvSi. TveebiT gamosaTvleli vada
gasulad CaiTvleba vadis ukanaskneli Tvis
Sesabamis Tvesa da ricxvSi. Tu TveebiT
gamosaTvleli vadis ukanasknel Tves saTanado ricxvi ara aqvs, maSin vada damTavrebulad CaiTvleba am Tvis ukanasknel dRes.
2. Tu vadis ukanaskneli dRe emTxveva
uqme da dasvenebis dRes, vadis damTavrebis dRed CaiTvleba misi momdevno pirveli
samuSao dRe.
3. saproceso moqmedeba, romlis Sesasrulebladac dadgenilia vada, SeiZleba Sesruldes vadis ukanaskneli dRis ocdaoTx
saaTamde. Tu saCivari, sabuTebi an fuladi
Tanxa fostas an telegrafs Cahbarda vadis ukanaskneli dRis ocdaoTx saaTamde,
vada gasulad ar CaiTvleba.
1. 61-e muxli gansazRvravs wlebiTa da TveebiT gamosaTvleli vadis damTavrebis erTian wess. am wesis
Tanaxmad, saproceso vada mTvardeba wlis an Tvis bolo dRes. magaliTad, gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobisa da axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Setana dauSvebelia gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan 5
wlis Semdeg ( 426-e muxlis me-4 nawili).
2. saproceso vadis dena ganuwyvetliv mimdinareobs. es imas niSnavs, rom arasamuSao dReebisa Tu dResaswaulebis gamokleba ar xdeba. garda amisa, Tu vada
iwyeba arasamuSao dRes, vadis denac am dRidan iwyeba,
magram Tu vada gadis arasamuSao dRes, maSin vadis damTvarebis dRed iTvleba am arasamuSao Tu sadResaswaulo dRis Semdgomi momdevno samuSao dRe.
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3. vadis ukanaskneli dRe gasulad iTvleba am bolo

dRis 24-saaTis Semdeg. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu saproceso moqmedeba Sesrulda saproceso vadis ukanaskneli dRis 24 saaTamde, saproceso moqmedeba vadaSi
Sesrulebulad iTvleba. magaliTad, saapelacio saCivari Cabarda fostas vadis ukanaskneli dRis 24 saaTze. saCivari iTvleba vadaSi Setanilad.
muxli 62. saproceso vadis SeCereba

yvela daumTavrebeli saproceso vada SeCerdeba saqmis warmoebis SeCerebiT. vadebis SeCereba daiwyeba im garemoebaTa warmoSobis dRidan, romlebic safuZvlad daedo warmoebis SeCerebas. warmoebis ganaxlebis dRidan saproceso vadis dena ganaxldeba.
_ saqmis warmoebis SeCereba dasaSvebia kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi. magaliTad, 279-e da 280e muxlebi iTvaliswineben saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis
safuZvlebs.
_ Tu sasamarTlom gamoitana ganCineba saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb, am muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli erT-erTi safuZvliT, maSin SeCerdeba daumTavrebeli saproceso vadis denac, magram am vadis dena
SeCerdeba ara im dRidan, roca sasamarTlom gamoitana
ganCineba, aramed im dRidan, roca warmoiSva warmoebis SeCerebis safuZveli.
_ rodis ganaxldeba saproceso vadis dena?
saproceso vadis dena kvlav ganaxldeba mxolod mas
Semdeg, roca aRmoifxvreba garemoeba, romelic safuZvlad daedo warmoebis SeCerebas. magaliTad, sasamarTlom SeaCera saqmis warmoeba imis gamo, rom mxare imyofeba xangrZliv samsaxurebriv mivlinebaSi. rogorc
ki es mxare dabrundeba mivlinebidan, saproceso vadis dena daiwyeba, oRond amisaTvis sasamarTlom un115
da miiRos ganCineba SeCerebuli saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb. swored am ganCinebis miRebidan ganaxldeba saproceso vadis denac.
_ amrigad, saproceso vadis dena SeCerdeba im droidan, roca warmoiSva saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis safuZveli, da ara saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebis miRebidan, xolo saproceso vadis dena ganaxldeba ara im droidan, roca warmoiSva
warmoebis ganaxlebis safuZveli, aramed im droidan,
roca sasamarTlom miiRo ganCineba saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb.
muxli 63. saproceso vadis gasvlis

Sedegebi
saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis ufleba gaqarwyldeba kanoniT dadgenili an sasamarTlos mier daniSnuli vadis gasvlis
Semdeg. saCivari an sabuTebi, romlebic Setanilia saproceso vadis gasvlis Semdeg,
ganuxilvelad darCeba.
_ ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis SesrulebisaTvis
vadebi dadgenilia aramarto mxareebisaTvis, aramed
sasamarTlosTvisac. vadebi SeiZleba gansazRvros sasamarTlom saqmeSi monawile sxva pirebisaTvis, magaliTad, werilobiTi Tu nivTieri mtkicebulebebis warmodgenisaTvis im piris mier, visTanac isini inaxeba.
imis mixedviT, Tu vin gauSva saproceso vada, am vadis gaSvebis Sedegebic sxvadasxvanairia. magaliTad,
Tu sasamarTlom gauSva samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilvis
vada, igi mainc valdebulia ganixilos es saqme, Tu pirma sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi ar warmoadgina
werilobiTi Tu nivTieri masalebi, romlebic masTan
inaxeba, igi mainc valdebulia es gaakeTos da a. S.
_ magram, Tu mxarem kanoniT an sasamarTlos mier
daniSnul vadaSi ar Seasrula saproceso moqmedeba,
116
maSin igi kargavs am moqmedebis Sesrulebis uflebas.

magaliTad, Tu mxarem kanoniT dadgenil vadaSi ar gaasaCivra sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba, igi kargavs am
uflebas da gadawyvetileba Sedis kanonier ZalaSi.
_ saproceso vadebis gagrZeleba (ssk 64-e muxli) an
aRdgena (ssk 65-e muxli) dasaSvebia, oRond kanoniT
gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi da wesiT.
_ 63-e muxli Seicavs erT metad mniSvnelovan debulebas, romlis Tanaxmad saCivari an sabuTebi, romlebic Setanilia saproceso vadis gasvlis Semdeg, ganuxilvelad darCeba. kanonis es danawesi mniSvnelovania im TvalsazrisiTac, rom xels uwyobs mxareebSi Tu
saqmeSi monawile sxva pirebSi kanonisadmi da sasamarTlosadmi pativiscemis ganwyobis Camoyalibebas, maTSi disciplinisa da organizebulobis aRzrdas.

gagrZeleba
sasamarTlos mier daniSnuli vada sasamarTlom SeiZleba gaagrZelos mxareTa
TxovniT an Tavisi iniciativiT.
_ 64-e muxls mxedvelobaSi aqvs im samoqalaqo saproceso vadis gagrZelebis SesaZlebloba, romelic sasamarTlos mieraa daniSnuli. kanonismieri saproceso
vadebis aRdgenas awesrigebs ssk 65-e muxli.
_ sasamarTlos mier daniSnuli vadis gagrZeleba dasaSvebia rogorc dainteresebuli mxaris TxovniT, ise
sasamarTlos iniciativiTac. mxaris Suamdgomloba,
saproceso vadis gagrZelebis Sesaxeb dasabuTebuli
unda iyos, kerZod, miTiTebuli unda iyos mizezi, ris
gamoc saproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba ver xerxdeba
daniSnul vadaSi.
_ sasamarTlos mier daniSnuli vadis gagrZelebis
dros ar unda gamoviyenoT kanonismieri vadis aRdge-
117
nisaTvis dadgenili wesi (ssk 66-e muxli), rogorc amas

zogjer aqvs adgili sasamarTlo praqtikaSi.11
_ sasamarTlos mier daniSnuli saproceso vadis gagrZelebis an aseT gagrZelebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba. Tu aseTi ganCineba ar
arsebobs, vada ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos gagrZelebulad.
saproceso vadis gagrZelebisa Tu aseTis gagrZelebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba.
muxli 65. saproceso vadis aRdgena

saproceso moqmedebis SesrulebisaTvis kanoniT gansazRvruli vada, Tu kanoniT sxva
ram ar aris dadgenili, SeiZleba aRadginos sasamarTlom, Tu cnobs, rom saproceso moqmedebis Seusrulebloba sapatio mizeziT moxda. sapatio mizezad CaiTvleba
am kodeqsis 215-e muxlis me-3 nawilSi miTiTebuli garemoebebi.
_ saproceso moqmedebis SesrulebisaTvis sasamarTlos mier daniSnuli vadebis mimarT ssk iyenebs termins `vadis gagrZeleba~, xolo kanonismieri saproceso vadebis mimarT _ termins `vadis aRdgena~. marTalia, vadis gagrZelebis Tu vadis aRdgenis SemTxvevaSi erTsa da igive Sedegs vaRwevT, kerZod, saproceso
moqmedebis Sesrulebis vada gadaiweva ufro Sors, magram aseT terminologiur gansxvavebas aqvs garkveuli
safuZveli: sasamarTlo ver Secvlis an ver gaagrZelebs kanonismier vadebs, mas SeuZlia mxolod aRadginos es vada (66-e muxli).
_ kanonismieri saproceso vadis aRdgena sasamarTlos iniciativiT dauSvebelia. kanonismieri saproceso vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos SeiZleba mi11
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, #2, 2003, gv. 273-274..
118
marTon mxareebma (66-e da 67-e muxlebi). uari kanonismieri saproceso vadis aRdgenaze SeiZleba gaasaCivron mxareebma (68-e muxli).
_ kanonismieri vadis aRdgena dauSvebelia, Tu kanoni TviTon krZalavs amas (magaliTad, ssk 369-e, 397-e
da 416-e muxlebi), magram, Tu es akrZaluli araa sasamarTlos SeuZlia aRadginos vada, Tu am vadis gaSveba
sapatio mizeziT moxda (ix. 215-e muxlis komentari).
muxli 66. gancxadeba saproceso

vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb
1. gancxadeba saproceso vadis aRdgenis
Sesaxeb Seitaneba im sasamarTloSi, romelSic unda Sesrulebuliyo saproceso moqmedeba. sasamarTlo daakmayofilebs am gancxadebas, Tu cnobs, rom saproceso vadis gaSveba sapatio mizeziT moxda. sapatio mizezad
CaiTvleba am kodeqsis 215-e muxlis me-3
nawilSi miTiTebuli garemoebebi.
mxare, romelic moiTxovs kanonismieri saproceso
vadis aRdgenas, valdebulia miuTiTos da daadasturos garemoebebi, romelTa mizeziT ver Seasrula saproceso moqmedeba. mizezi, ris gamoc mxarem droulad ver
Seasrula esa Tu is saproceso moqmedeba, SeiZleba sxvadasxvagvari iyos: xangrZlivi samsaxurebrivi mivlineba, avadmyofoba, Setyobinebis dagvianebiT miReba da a.S. (ix. 67-e da 215-e muxlebis komentari)
kanonismieri vadis aRdgenis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo niSnavs axal vadas saproceso moqmedebis SesrulebisaTvis.
119
muxli 67. saproceso vadis aRdgenis

Sesaxeb gancxadebis forma da
Sinaarsi
gancxadeba saproceso vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos waredgineba werilobiT.
masSi miTiTebuli unda iyos mizezebi, romlebmac ganapirobes saproceso moqmedebis
vadaze Seusrulebloba, agreTve maTi damadasturebeli mtkicebulebebi.
_ gansxvavebiT sasamarTlosmieri saproceso vadebis gagrZelebisa, kanonismieri saproceso vadebis aRdgenis sakiTxis ganxilva-gadawyveta sakmaod detalurad wesrigdeba kanoniT. am wesis dacva savaldebuloa.
gasaTvaliswinebelia is, rom mxaris werilobiT gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos aramarto im mizezebze, romlebmac ganapirobes saproceso moqmedebis Seusrulebloba kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul vadebSi, aramed mtkicebulebebze, romlebic adastureben am mizezebs. magaliTad, Tu mxare miuTiTebs iseT mizezze,
rogoricaa avadmyofoba an mivlineba, man unda warmoadginos amis dasadastureblad Sesabamisi cnobebi. sapatio mizezis damtkicebis tvirTi (movaleoba) mTlianad ekisreba ganmcxadebels, e. i. pirs, vinc moiTxovs
vadis aRdgenas. sakiTxs imis Sesaxeb, CaiTvalos Tu ara
ganmcxadeblis mier dadasturebuli mizezi sapatiod,
damokidebulia mosamarTlis mixedulebaze.
muxli 68. saproceso vadis aRdgenis

Sesaxeb gancxadebis ganxilva
1. gancxadebas vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb ganixilavs sasamarTlo mxareTaTvis Seutyobineblad.
2. gadacilebuli saproceso vadis aRdge-
120
naze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.
1. 68-e muxlis pirveli nawili uSvebs vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb gancxadebis ganxilvis SesaZleblobas mxareTaTvis Seutyobineblad, magram ar krZalavs, rom am
gancxadebis ganxilva moxdes mxareTa SetyobinebiT,
Tu es sasamarTlos mizanSewonilad miaCnia.
2. gadacilebuli saproceso vadis aRdgenisa Tu aseTis aRdgenaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba. kerZo saCivris Setana SeiZleba mxolod sasamarTlos im ganCinebaze, romliTac uari eTqva ganmcxadebels saproceso vadis aRdgenaze.

aRgenasTan dakavSirebuli
sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdevineba
saproceso vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb gancxadebis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebul xarjebs gaiRebs mxare, romelmac droulad
ver Seasrula saproceso moqmedeba. garda
iseTi SemTxvevebisa, rodesac aseTi Seusrulebloba mowinaaRmdege mxaris mizeziT
moxda.
_ 69-e muxli naTlad da kategoriulad miuTiTebs, rom
xarjebs, rac dakavSirebulia saproceso vadis aRdgenis
Sesaxeb gancxadebis ganxilvasTan, gaiRebs ganmcxadebeli, e. i. mxare, romelmac kanoniT an sasamarTlos mier
daniSnul vadaSi ver Seasrula esa Tu is saproceso moqmedeba. am xarjebis gadaxdis gadakisreba mowinaaRmdege mxareze dasaSvebia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac
saproceso moqmedebis Seusrulebloba am mowinaaRmdege mxaris mizeziT moxda. am mizezis damtkicebis tvirTi
swored ganmcxadebels, e. i. im mxares ekisreba, romelic
saproceso vadis aRdgenas moiTxovs.
121
T a v i
VIII
sasamarTlo Setyobineba da dabareba

muxli 70. sasamarTlo uwyeba
1. mxareebs da maT warmomadgenlebs sasamarTlo uwyebiT ecnobebaT sasamarTlo
sxdomis an calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis dro da adgili. uwyeba
mxarisaTvis da misi warmomadgenlisaTvis
Cabarebulad CaiTvleba, Tu igi Cabardeba
erT-erT maTgans an am kodeqsis 74-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul subieqtebs. warmomadgeneli valdebulia uwyebis Cabarebis
Sesaxeb acnobos mxares. sasamarTlo uwyebiT sasamarTloSi ibareben agreTve mowmeebs, eqspertebs, specialistebsa da Tarjimnebs.
2. mxareebs da maT warmomadgenlebs sasamarTlo uwyeba unda CabardeT im varaudiT, rom maT\ hqondeT sasamarTloSi droulad gamocxadebisa da saqmis momzadebisaTvis gonivruli vada.
3. mxareebi, maTi warmomadgenlebi, agreTve
mowmeebi, eqspertebi, specialistebi da
Tarjimnebi SeiZleba daibaron telefonogramiT, depeSiT, eleqtronuli fostiT,
faqsiT an sxva saSualebiT. teqnikuri saSualebebiT dabarebisas mieTiTeba am kodeqsis 72-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli sakiTxebi. teqnikuri saSualebebiT dabarebis
Sesaxeb dgeba aqti. aqts adgens sasamarTlos Sesabamisi moxele.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad sasamarTlo
uwyeba aris is ZiriTadi saproceso dokumenti, romlis
122
meSveobiTac mxareebsa da maT warmomadgenlebs

ecnobebaT aramarto sasamarTlo sxdomis, aramed,
agreTve, calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis (magaliTad,
adgilze
daTvalierebis,
mtkicebulebaTa
uzrunvelyofis da sxva) Sesrulebis dro da
adgili.uwyeba egzavneba rogorc mxares, ise mis
warmomadgenels.
70-e muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs agreTve Tu
rodis
CaiTvleba
uwyeba
Cabarebulad
mxareebisaTvis da maTi warmomadgenlebisaTvis.
am muxlis azrisa da Sinaarsis mixedviT mxarisaTvis
da misi warmomadgenlisaTvis uwyeba Cabarebulad
CaiTvleba:
a) Tu uwyeba gaegzavna, rogorc mxares, aseve
warmomadgenels da es uwyeba Cabarda erT-erT maTgans,
e.i. an mxares uSualod, an mis warmomadgenels. es imas
niSnavs, rom Tu uwyeba Cabarda mxares, man amis Sesaxeb
unda acnobos mis warmomadgenels, xolo Tu uwyeba
Cabarda warmomadgenels, man amis Sesaxeb unda acnobos
Tavis warmomdgens (mxares).
aRsaniSnavia, rom warmomadgenlis mimarT 70-e muxli
akeTebs specialur daTqmas, romlis Tanaxmad
warmomadgeneli valdebulia uwyebis Cabarebis
Sesaxeb acnobos mxares, Tumca aseTi valdebuleba
nagulisxmevia mxaris mimarTac.
b) mxarisaTvis da misi warmomadgenlisaTvis uwyeba
Cabarebulad iTvleba agreTve, Tu igi Cabarda im
pirebs, romlebic CamoTvlilia 74-e muxlSi, kerZod,
mxaris an misi warmomadgenlis ojaxis srulwlovan
wevrs an samuSao adgilis administracias (ix. am muxlis
komentari).
sasamarTlo uwyebis Cabarebis aseTi wesis
SemoRebasTan dakavSirebiT gansakuTrebul
praqtikul mniSvnelobas iZens sasarCelo
gancxadebaSi, agreTve mopasuxis mier sarCelze
gamogzavnil werilobiT pasuxSi (SesagebelSi) zusti
miTiTeba warmomadgenlis vinaobisa da misi misamarTis
123
Sesaxeb, Tu ra Tqma unda, mxares yavs warmomadgeneli

(ix. 178-e da 201-e muxlebis komentari).
- mxareebsa da maT warmomadgenlebs sasamarTlo
acnobebs (atyobinebs) sasamarTlo sxdomis an
saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis dros da adgils. es
imas niSnavs, rom isini ar arian iuridiulad
valdebulni gamocxaddnen sasamarTlo sxdomaze, an
monawileoba miiRon saproceso moqmedebis
SesrulebaSi. amasTan erTad, maTi gamoucxadebloba
ver daabrkolebs saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebas
an saqmis ganxilvas, Tu maT uwyeba gaegzavnaT kanoniT
dadgenili wesiT. mxareebisa da maTi warmomadgenlebis
gamoucxadeblobas SeiZleba moyves mxolod
araxelsayreli Sedegebi maTTvis. swored amitom,
gamoucxadeblobis Sedegebze miTiTebuli unda iyos
uwyebaSi (72-e muxlis pirveli nawilis z qvepunqti).
- rac Seexeba mowmeebs, eqspertebs, specialistebs,
Tarjimnebs, maT sasamarTlo ubralod ki ar acnobebs
(atyobinebs), aramed ibarebs, rac imas niSnavs, rom
isini valdebulni arian gamocxaddnen, xolo
gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi maT daekisrebaT
kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli pasuxismgebloba (ix. 145-e
da 168-e muxlebis komentari).
- rac Seexeba sasamarTlos, mas evaleba Seatyobinos
mxares da mis warmomadgenels sasamarTlos sxdomis
Tu calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis dro
da adgili. aseTi Setyobinebis gareSe sasamarTlo ver
Caatarebs da gamoitans gadawyvetilebas - es iqneba am
gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis absoluturi (udavo)
safuZveli.
2. 70-e muxlis me-2 nawili ar gansazRvravs drois im
zust monakveTs, romlis ganmavlobaSic mxareebsa da
maT warmomadgenlebs unda CabardeT uwyeba. am
sakiTxis gadawyveta mindobili aqvs sasamarTlos,
oRond man unda ixelmZRvanelos im zogadi
kriteriumiT, romelic aqaa Camoyalibebuli, kerZod:
uwyeba maT unda CabardeT im varaudiT, rom sakmao
124
dro
hqondeT
sasamarTloSi
droulad
gamocxadebisaTvis da saqmisaTvis mosamzadeblad.
rogorc Cans, sasamarTlom unda gaiTvaliswinos saidan
unda Camovides mxare, misi warmomadgeneli, ramdeni
dro dasWirdeba imisaTvis, rom moemzados sasamarTlo
sxdomaze gamosasvlelad, saqmeSi damatebiTi
masalebis gasacnobad, romlebsac igi adre, anu am
saqmis momzadebis stadiaze ar gacnobia da a.S.
3. 70-e muxlis me-3 nawili uSvebs mxareTa, maT
warmomadgenelTa,
mowmeebis,
eqspertebis,
specialistebis, Tarjimnebis Setyobinebasa da
gamoZaxebas telefonogramiT, depeSiT, eleqtronuli
fostiT, faqsiT an sxva saSualebiT, romlebic Tavisi
SinaarsiT unda pasuxobdnen 72-e muxlis moTxovnebs.
teqnikuri saSualebiT gagzvnili sasamarTlo uwyebis
Cabareba unda dadasturdes 73-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT
dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlis komentari)12.
muxli 71. sasamarTlo uwyebis

Cabareba
sasamarTlo uwyeba dasabarebel pirs unda Cabardes mxaris mier miTiTebuli misamarTis mixedviT. Tu moqalaqe ar cxovrobs
am misamarTze, uwyeba gaigzavneba alternatiuli misamarTis an misi samuSao adgilis mixedviT.
_ mopasuxis dasaxeleba, agreTve misi misamarTis miTiTeba aris mosarCelis movaleoba (178-e muxlis `d~
qvepunqti). mxareebs evalebaT agreTve miuTiTon im
pirTa misamarTebi, romelTa gamoZaxebaze Suamdgomloben sasamarTlos winaSe (magaliTad, ssk 140-e muxli). aseTi misamarTis miTiTebis gareSe sasamarTlo
umoZraod datovebs sarCels (ssk 185-e muxli) an ki12
uwyebis Cabarebulad CaTvlis safuZvlebisa da drois Sesaxeb

- ix. am Tavis danarTi, gv. 139.
125
dev, ar daakmayofilebs mxaris Suamdgomlobas mowmisa Tu sxva piris gamoZaxebis Sesaxeb.

_ Tu aRmoCndeba, rom sasamarTloSi dasabarebeli
piri ar cxovrobs faqtobrivad miTiTebul misamarTze, gamosavali erTia, uwyeba gaigzavneba alternatiuli misamarTis an misi samuSao adgilis mixedviT. aseTi misamarTisa Tu samuSao adgilis Sesaxebac sasamarTlos unda acnobos mxarem.
_ erTmaneTisagan unda ganvasxvavoT iseTi cnebebi,
rogoricaa `faqtobrivad arcxovreba~ da ` saerTod arcxovreba~. faqtobrivad arcxovrebaSi unda vigulisxmoT is, rom piri cxovrobda aq, magram sxvadasxva mizezebis gamo faqtobrivad aq aRar cxovrobs. magram Tu
piri arasdros aq ar cxovrobda, iTvleba, rom arc faqtobrivad da arc iuridiulad igi mxaris mier miTiTebul misamarTze ar cxovrobs da arc ucxovria. aseT SemTxvevebSi, rodesac es exeba mopasuxes, sakiTxi Semdegnairad SeiZleba gadawydes: mopasuxis dasaxelebis da
misi misamarTis miTiTebis movaleoba ekisreba mosarCeles (178-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqti). sarCelis miRebis
dros sasamarTlo ar amowmebs, marTla cxovrobs Tu ara
mopasuxe am sarCelSi miTiTebul misamarTze. sarCelis
warmoebaSi miRebis Semdeg SeiZleba gairkves, rom sinamdvileSi mopasuxe aramarto ar cxovrobs faqtobrivad, aramed arc arasdros ar ucxovria am misamarTze.
amasTan erTad, arc misi amJamindeli Tu yofili samuSao adgilia cnobili, romlis mixedviTac SeiZleboda
uwyebis gagzavna. sxva sityvebiT, Tu mopasuxis adgilsamyofeli ucnobia sasamarTlo ugzavnis Sesabamis organos anda gamoitans ganCinebas sajaro Setyobinebis
Sesaxeb publikaciis meSveobiT (78-e muxlis pirveli
nawili ). ufro martivad gadawydeba es sakiTxi mowmeebis, mxaris mier dasaxelebuli eqspertebis, specialistebis mimarT. Tu mxareebis mier miTiTebul misamarTze es pirebi ar cxovroben _ isini ver iqnebian gamoZaxebuli da dakiTxuli, xolo saqme gadawydeba mopovebuli da am saqmeSi arsebuli masalebiT.
126

Sinaarsi
1. uwyeba unda Seicavdes:
a) sasamarTlos saxelwodebasa da zust
misamarTs;
b) miTiTebas droisa da adgilis Sesaxeb,
xolo Tu uwyeba egzavneba warmomadgenels,
- agreTve miTiTebas imis Taobaze, rom igi
valdebulia acnobos amis Sesaxeb mxares,
romlis warmomadgenelic aris;
g) saqmis dasaxelebas, romlis gamoc ibareben ama Tu im pirs, da miTiTebas davis
sagnis Sesaxeb;
d) sasamarTloSi dasabarebeli piris vinaobas, agreTve imas, Tu ra statusiT aris
igi dabarebuli, da miTiTebas arasapatio
mizeziT gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi mis
mimarT gamosayenebeli zomebis Sesaxeb;
e) winadadebas mxareebis mimarT, warmoadginon maTTan arsebuli yvela mtkicebuleba;
v) miTiTebas imis Taobaze, rom adresatis aryofnisas uwyebis mimRebi piri valdebulia pirveli SesaZleblobisTanave Caabaros uwyeba adresats;
z) miTiTebas gamoucxadeblobis Sedegebze da valdebulebas, acnobos sasamarTlos gamoucxadeblobis mizezebi.
2. sasamarTlo uwyebasTan erTad mosamarTle mopasuxes ugzavnis sasarCelo gancxadebasa da TandarTuli sabuTebis aslebs. uwyebasTan erTad mosamarTle mosarCeles ugzavnis mopasuxis werilobiTi gancxadebis asls,
Tu aseTi Semovida sasamarTloSi uwyebis gagzavnis droisaTvis. sasamarTloSi Semosuli
yvela werilobiTi dokumentis asli SeiZleba
gaegzavnos mxareebs mas Semdegac, roca uwyeba
ukve gagzavnilia.
127
1. mxareebs _ mosarCelesa da mopasuxes uwyeba unda

gaegzavnoT dadgenili formis mixedviT, romelic zustad asaxavs 72-e muxlis Sinaarss. aseve, dadgenili
formis mixedviT unda gaegzavnoT uwyeba procesis
sxva monawileebs, rogoricaa mowmeebi, eqspertebi, specialistebi da a. S. didi praqtikuli mniSvneloba aqvs
sizustes anu uwyebaSi imis garkveviT miTiTebas, Tu
ra saxiTaa (statusiTaa) dabarebuli sasamarTloSi
adresati. amitom, sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos, Tu
ramdenad sworadaa Sevsebuli sasamarTlo uwyebis
formulari sasamarTlo Sesabamisi moxelis mier (sxdomis mdivani an mosamarTlis TanaSemwe).
2. samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi sagangebo mniSvnelobas aniWebs saqmis winaswari sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis momzadebas. swored saqmis momzadebis mizniT sasamarTlom jer kidev mTvari sxdomis daniSvnamde unda gaugzavnos mopasuxes sarCelisa da masze TandarTuli dokumentebis aslebi, xolo mosarCeles mopasuxis mier warmodgenili Sesageblisa Tu sxva werilobiTi masalebis aslebi (201-e da 202-e muxlebi). mxolod mas Semdeg, roca Segrovilia yvela werilobiTi
masala, roca werilobiTi Sejibreba damTavrebulia,
sasamarTlos SeuZlia daniSnos mTavari sxdoma, anu zepiri sxdoma, zepiri Sejibreba (207-e muxli). aqedan gamomdinare, cxadia, rom sasamarTlos mTavari sxdomis
daniSvnis droisa da adgilis Setyobinebis mizniT uwyebis gagzavnisas aRar iqneba imis aucilebloba, mxareebs gaegzavnoT werilobiTi masalebis aslebi. maT
SeiZleba gaegzavnoT uwyebasTan erTad mxolod im
masalis aslebi, romlebic ver iqna gadagzavnili adre.

gagzavna
1. sasamarTlo uwyeba igzavneba fostiT
an kurieris meSveobiT, agreTve am kodeqsis 70-e muxlis me-3 nawiliT gaTvaliswineb128
uli teqnikuri saSualebebiT.

2. teqnikuri saSualebebiT gagzavnili
sasamarTlo uwyebis Cabareba dasturdeba:
a) telefonogramis SemTxvevaSi - telefonogramis gadacemis Sesaxeb Sedgenili
aqtiT, romelSic mieTiTeba telefonogramis gadacemis dawyebisa da dasrulebis dro;
b) depeSis SemTxvevaSi - depeSis Cabarebis Sesaxeb miRebuli SetyobinebiT;
g) eleqtronuli fostis an faqsis SemTxvevaSi - Sesabamisi teqnikuri saSualebiT
mowodebuli dadasturebiT.
3. am muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi uwyeba igzavneba aseve
fostiT an kurieris meSveobiT.
4. am muxlis me-2 nawiliT dadgenili
wesiT dadasturebisas sasamarTlo uwyeba
Cabarebulad iTvleba.
5. adresatisaTvis sasamarTlo uwyebis
Cabarebis dro aRiniSneba mis meore egzemplarze, romelic sasamarTlos unda
daubrundes. teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoyenebisas uwyebis gadacemis dro aRiniSneba
am kodeqsis 70-e muxlis me-3 nawiliT
gaTvaliswinebul aqtSi.
6. mosamarTles SeuZlia mxaris TanxmobiT
xelze misces mas sasamarTlo uwyeba Sesatyobinebeli an gamosaZaxebeli pirisaTvis
Casabareblad. piri, romelsac mosamarTlem
daavala uwyebis mitana, valdebulia sasamarTlos daubrunos misi meore egzemplari
uwyebis miRebaze adresatis xelmoweriT.
7. Tu mxareebs, maT warmomadgenlebs,
agreTve mowmeebs, eqspertebs, specialistebsa da Tarjimnebs am kodeqsiT dadgenili
wesiT ver ecnobaT sasamarTlo sxdomis an
calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis
129
dro da adgili, mosamarTles SeuZlia aRniSnuli pirebisaTvis sasamarTlo uwyebis

Cabareba ganCinebiT daavalos adgilobrivi
TviTmmarTvelobis an mmarTvelobis organos an saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros teritoriuli organoebis saubno
samsaxurebs (ubnis inspeqtorebs). adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis an mmarTvelobis
organo anda ubnis inspeqtorebi valdebuli arian ganCinebiT dadgenil vadaSi uzrunvelyon mxareebisaTvis, maTi warmomdagenlebisaTvis, agreTve mowmeebisaTvis,
eqspertebisaTvis, specialistebisa da TarjimnebisaTvis sasamarTlo uwyebis Cabareba da misi Cabarebis, Cabarebis SeuZleblobis mizezebis an Cabarebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb acnobon mosamarTles.
8. fostiT an kurieris meSveobiT moqalaqisaTvis gagzavnili sasamarTlo uwyeba mas unda Cahbardes piradad, xolo
moqalaqis samuSao adgilze, aseve organizaciisaTvis gagzavnili uwyeba unda Cahbardes kancelarias an aseTive daniSnulebis
struqturul erTeuls anda pirs, xolo
aseTis aryofnis SemTxvevaSi - organizaciis Sesabamis uflebamosil pirs, romelic
uwyebas adresats gadascems. am nawiliT
gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi uwyebis
Cabareba dasturdeba uwyebis meore egzemplarze uwyebis mimRebis xelmoweriT.
1. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac uwyeba gaigzavna fostiT
an kurieris meSveobiT, uwyeba Cabarebulad iTvleba
Tu am uwyebis meore egzemplarze, romelzec xels
awers adresati, aRniSnulia misi Cabarebis dro, igi
dabrunda sasamarTloSi da Cakerebulia saqmeSi.
uwyebis meore egzemplars, kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul
130
SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba xels awerdes sxva piric (ix. 74-e

muxlis komentari). aseT SemTxvevaSic uwyeba
Cabarebulad iTvleba.
2. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac uwyeba gaigzavna
teqnikuri saSualebis gamoyenebiT, uwyeba
Cabarebulad iTvleba, Tu arsebobs Sesabamisad
telefonogramis gadacemis Sesaxeb aqti, depeSis
Cabarebis Sesaxeb miRebuli Setyobineba,
eleqtronuli fostiT an faqsiT miwodebulis
dadastureba (ix. am muxlis me-4 nawili).
amasTan erTad, ar SeiZleba mxedvelobidan gauSvaT
am muxlis me-5 nawilis moTxovna, romlis Tanaxmad
teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoyenebisas uwyebis
gadacemis dro aRiniSneba am kodeqsis 70-e muxlis
me-3 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul aqtSi, romelsac adgens
sasamarTlos Sesabamisi moxele, romelmac es aqti unda
gadasces mosamarTles (TanaSemwes), romelic amzadebs
saqmes da romelmac unda ganixilos es saqme.
rogorc vxedavT, erT SemTxvevaSi uwyeba Cabarebulad
iTvleba, rodesac igi Cabardeba uSualod adresats an
74-e muxlSi dasaxelebul pirs, xolo sxva SemTxvevaSi,
kerZod teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoyenebisas gadacemis drois dadasturebiT.
am sakiTxis aseTnairad gadawyvetam praqtikaSi
SeiZleba warmoSvas problemebi, kerZod sasamarTloSi
gamosaZaxebelma pirma SeiZleba ganacxados, rom misTvis
ar gadauciaT arc telefonograma, arc depeSa da arc
faqsiT Setyobineba. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom faqsis an
eleqtronuli fostis meSveobiT mxareTa gamoZaxeba
unda moxdes im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mxare TviTon
afiqsirebs, rom mas gaaCnia sacxovrebel binaSi an
samuSao adgilze dasaxelebuli teqnikuri saSualebebi,
uTiTebs Sesabamis misamarTs da gamoxatavs mzadyofnas
aseTi saxis urTierTobaze. mizanSewonili SeiZleba
iyos, rom praqtikam SeimuSaos wesi, romlis Tanaxmad
damoukideblad imisa, Tu ra saSualebiT gaigzavna
uwyeba (Setyobineba), igi Cabarebulad CaiTvleba, Tu
131
Cabarda uSualod adresats an, misi aryofnis

SemTxvevaSi, ojaxis srulwlovan wevrs an samuSao
adgilis administracias. Tu uwyeba igzavneba moqalaqis
samuSao adgilze an egzavneba organizacias, igi unda
Cabardes kancelarias an aseTive daniSnulebis
struqturul erTeuls an kidev Sesabamis uflebamosil
pirs, romelic uwyebas adresats gadascems (73-e muxlis
me-8 nawili).
3. uwyebis gagzavna SeiZleba mxaris meSveobiTac, Tu
sasamarTloSi gamocxadebuli mxare Tanaxmaa meore
mxares an sasamarTloSi gamosaZaxebel nebismier pirs
wauRos da Caabaros uwyeba. sasamarTlom aseT
SemTxvevaSi unda gaafrTxilos mxare, rom igi
valdebulia daabrunos uwyebis meore egzemplari
adresatis xelmoweriT, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi uwyeba
Cabarebulad ar CaiTvleba.
4. 73-e muxlis me-7 nawili uSvebs SesaZleblobas, rom
uwyebis Cabareba sasamarTlom daavalos adgilobriv
TviTmmarTvelobis an mmarTvelobis organos, anda
ubnis inspeqtors, aseTi davaleba dasaSvebia iseT
SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mxareebs mowmeebs, eqspertebs,
specialistebs, Tarjimnebs am kodeqsiT dadgenili
wesiT ver ecnobaT sasamarTlo sxdomis an calkeuli
saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis dro da adgili.
aRniSnuli organoebisaTvis da Sss ubnis
inspeqtorebisaTvis uwyebis Cabarebis davalebis
misacemad sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba.
muxli 74. Setyobineba adresatis

aryofnis SemTxvevaSi
1. Tu sasamarTlo uwyebis Cambarebelma
sasamarTloSi gamosaZaxebeli moqalaqe ver
naxa sacxovrebel an samuSao adgilze, igi
uwyebas abarebs masTan mcxovreb ojaxis
romelime srulwlovan wevrs an samuSao
adgilis administracias am kodeqsis 73-e
132
muxlis me-8 nawiliT dadgenili wesiT.

uwyebis mimRebi valdebulia uwyebis meore egzemplarze aRniSnos Tavisi saxeli,
gvari, adresatTan damokidebuleba an
dakavebuli Tanamdeboba. uwyebis mimRebi
valdebulia uwyeba dauyovnebliv Caabaros
adresats. Cabarebad CaiTvleba rogorc
uwyebis piradad gadacema, aseve uwyebis
mimRebis mier adresatisTvis uwyebis Sinaarsis cnobeba.
2. adresatis aryofnis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo uwyebis Cambarebelma uwyebis meore egzemplarze unda aRniSnos, sad aris
wasuli adresati da rodis varaudoben mis
dabrunebas.
1. 74-e muxlis pirveli nawili gulisxmobs adresatis moklevadian gasvlas sacxovrebeli an samuSao adgilidan, rac SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos sxvadasxva mizezebiT. aseTi moklevadiani aryofnis SemTxvevisTvisaa gaTvaliswinebuli 74-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli uwyebis Cabarebis wesi. am wesis dacviT
Cabarebuli uwyeba iTvleba Cabarebulad, Tumca araa gamoricxuli, rom adresatma ver miiRos uwyeba im ubralo mizezis gamo, rom am uwyebis mimReb pirs gadaaviwyda an sxva mizeziT ver moaxerxa misi gadacema adresatisaTvis. cxadia, rom adresatma unda daadasturos sasamarTlos winaSe, rom misTvis uwyeba ar gadauciaT.
2. 74-e muxlis me-2 nawili awesrigebs iseT SemTxvevebs, rodesac adresati marTalia droebiT, magram wasulia im dasaxlebuli punqtidan (qalaqidan, raionidan, soflidan), sadac igi mudmivad cxovrobs an muSaobs. aseT SemTxvevaSi uwyebis meore (sasamarTloSi dasabrunebel) egzemplarze unda aRiniSnos, sad aris wasuli adresati da rodis moelian mis dabrunebas..
_ sakasacio sasamarTlom savsebiT samarTlianad miaqcia yuradReba im garemoebas, rom adresatis droe133
biT wasvla sacxovrebeli adgilidan ar niSnavs mis mier sacxovrebeli adgilis gamocvlas; amitom, sasamarTlo movale iyo adresatisaTvis uwyeba gaegzavna ara
ssk 76-e muxlis, aramed àmave kodeqsis 74-e muxlis
moTxovnaTa dacviT, rac ar gaakeTa da riTac dairRva
miTiTebuli norma. aRniSnuli darRveva ki, amave kodeqsis 394-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqtiT ganCinebis gauqmebis absoluturi safuZvelia~.13
muxli 75. uwyebis miRebaze uaris Tqma

Tu adresatma uari ganacxada uwyebis
miRebaze, misi mimtani piri saTanado aRniSvnas akeTebs uwyebaze, romelic sasamarTlos ubrundeba. aseT SemTxvevaSi uwyeba Cabarebulad iTvleba da sasamarTlos
SeuZlia ganixilos saqme.
_ marTlmsajulebis ganxorcieleba ar SeiZleba damokidebuli iyos mxaris da, miT umetes, saqmeSi monawile nebismieri sxva piris neba-survilze. amitom, Tu
adresati marTalia imyofeba adgilze, magram uars ambobs uwyebis miRebaze, rac unda aRiniSnos am uwyebis
meore egzemplarze, es ver SeuSlis xels marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebas, sasamarTlo sxdomis Catarebas, ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebas.
aseT SemTxvevaSi uwyeba Cabarebulad iTvleba aqedan gamomdinare yvela Tavisi SedegiT. es Sedegebi ki
sxvadasxvaa imis mixedviT, Tu vin aris adresati: mxare, mowme, eqsperti, specialisti Tu Tarjimani. magaliTad, Tu mopasuxem uari Tqva uwyebis miRebaze da
arc mTavar sxdomaze gamocxadda, mis mimarT SeiZleba
gamotanil iqnes dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba (ssk 230e muxli), Tu mowmed dabarebulma pirma uari ganacxada uwyebis miRebaze da arc gamocxadda sasamarTlo13
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, #3, 2000, gv. 102-103
134
Si, mas daekisreba kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli pasuxismgebloba (ssk 145-e muxli) da a.S.
muxli 76. misamarTis Secvla saqmis

warmoebis dros
mxareebi da maTi warmomadgenlebi movaleni
arian acnobon sasamarTlos saqmis warmoebis
ganmavlobaSi TavianTi misamarTis Secvlis Sesaxeb. aseTi cnobis uqonlobisas uwyeba gaigzavneba sasamarTlosaTvis cnobil ukanasknel
misamarTze da Cabarebulad iTvleba, Tundac
adresati am misamarTze aRar cxovrobdes.
_ Tu mxareebma da maTma warmomdgenlebma ar acnobes sasamarTlos TavianTi misamarTis Secvlisa da axali misamarTis Sesaxeb, amas SeiZleba moyves maTTvis
araxelsayreli Sedegi. saqme isaa, rom sasamarTlo uwyebas gaagzavnis misTvis cnobil ukanasknel misamarTze da igi Cabarebulad CaiTvleba, Tundac adresati
am misamarTze aRar cxovrobdes. radgan uwyeba Cabarebulad CaiTvleba, sasamarTlos SeuZlia ganixilos
saqme da gamoitanos im mxarisaTvis araxelsayreli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, romelic ar gamocxadda.
is garemoeba, rom mas uwyeba ar Cabarebia, radgan igi
gaigzavna Zvel misamarTze, xolo man ki Seicvala misamarTi, ver CaiTvleba gamoucxadeblobis sapatio mizezad da dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZvlad. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sakasacio palata ganuxrelad icavs am muxlis danawess.14
76-e muxlSi laparakia mxareebze da maT warmomadgenlebze, magram analogiiT es wesi SeiZleba gavavrceloT procesis sxva monawileebzec, kerZod, mowmeebze. mxare, romlis SuamdgomlobiTac isini procesSi
monawileoben, valdebulia acnobos sasamarTlos maT
14
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2000, #2, gv. 244
135
mier misamarTis Secvlis Sesaxeb (140-e muxlis me-3 nawili). winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi saqme gadawydeba maTi
Cvenebis (daskvnis) gareSe saqmeSi arsebuli masalebiT.
muxli 77. uwyebis Cabareba

TanamonawilisaTvis
Tu saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi mindobili aqvs erT-erT Tanamonawiles, uwyeba
Cahbardeba mas, romelic valdebulia amis
Taobaze acnobos sxva Tanamonawileebs. uwyebis Cabareba im TanamonawilisaTvis, romelsac mindobili aqvs saqmis warmoeba, niSnavs uwyebis Cabarebas yvela TanamonawilisaTvis.
_ Tanamonawileebs SeuZliaT saqmis warmoeba erTerT Tanamonawiles miandon, rac unda gaformdes kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (87-e muxli). Tu Tanamonawileebma gamoiyenes es ufleba da saqmis warmoeba dadgenili wesiT miandes erT-erT Tanamonawiles, maSin uwyeba unda gaegzavnos mxolod mas. aseT SemTxvevaSi uwyeba Cabarebulad iTvleba yvela TanamonawilisaTvis.
_ saqmis warmoebis mindoba erT-erTi TanamonawilisaTvis ar arTmevs uflebas sxva Tanamonawileebs miiRon
monawileoba saqmis ganxilvaSi, magram saqmis ganxilvisa
Tu saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis droisa da adgilis Sesaxeb am sxva Tanamonawileebs unda acnobos im Tanamonawilem, romelsac miandes saqmis warmoeba.
_ Tu `mindobilma~ Tanamonawilem ar Seasrula Tavisi movaleoba da ar acnoba sxva Tanamonawileebs ama
Tu im saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebisa da, maT Soris, saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis Sesaxeb, es ver
gaxdeba gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) gauqmebis safuZveli, radgan uwyebis Cabareba `mindobili~ TanamonawilisaTvis `niSnavs uwyebis Cabarebas yvela TanamonawilisaTvis~.
136
muxli 78. mopasuxis adgilsamyoflis

daudgenloba
1. Tu mopasuxis adgilsamyofeli ucnobia, sasamarTlo uwyebas abarebs adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis an mmarTvelobis
organos anda gamoaqvs ganCineba sajaro
Setyobinebis Sesaxeb publikaciis meSveobiT.
2. werilobiTi formiT Sedgenili sajaro
Setyobineba unda gaikras sasamarTlos gancxadebebis dafaze. igi unda Seicavdes im
dokumentebis ZiriTad monacemebze miTiTebas, romlebsac unda gaecnos mopasuxe.
3>. mosarCele uflebamosilia sasamarTlos ganCinebis safuZvelze Tavisi xarjebiT ganaxorcielos sajaro Setyobineba
publikaciis meSveobiT.
4. sasamarTlo uwyeba mopasuxisaTvis
Cabarebulad iTvleba adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis an mmarTvelobis organosTvis
misi gadacemidan anda publikaciidan erTi
Tvis vadaSi. es vada sasamarTlom SeiZleba
gaagrZelos ara umetes erTi Tvis vadiT.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawilis praqtikuli gamoyenebis
sirTule mdgomareobs imaSi, rom Tu mopasuxis
adgilsamyofeli ucnobia romel adgilobriv
TviTmmarTvelobis an mmarTvelobis organos SeiZleba
Cabardes uwyeba aseTi mopasuxisaTvis gadasacemad.
amave muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad SemoRebulia
Cveni procesisaTvis sruliad axali, magram uaRresad
mniSvnelovani wesi sajaro Setyobineba publikaciis
meSveobiT.
2. sajaro Setyobineba unda Sedges werilobiTi
formiT da gaikras sasamarTlo gancxadebebis dafaze.
137
werilobiT Sedgenil sajaro SetyobinebaSi, garda 78e muxlis me-2 nawiliT miTiTebuli monacemebisa, unda
aRiniSnos, rom mopasuxis winaaRmdeg aRZrulia
sarCeli, rogoria sasarCelo moTxovnis Sinaarsi da
imis Sesaxeb, rom ver moxerxda mopasuxis faqtiuri
adgilsamyofelis dadgena. aqve unda mieTiTos
agreTve imis Sesaxeb, rom Tu mopasuxe ar gamocxaddeba
gancxadebaSi miTiTebul vadaze an ar acnobebs sasamarTlos Tavis adgilsamyofels, saqme ganxiluli
iqneba mis dauswreblad.
3. sasamarTlom mosarCelis SuamdgomlobiT SeiZleba
daadginos Tavisi ganCinebiT, rom sajaro Setyobineba
ganaxorcielos publikaciis meSveobiT. xarjebis
gadaxda unda daekisros mosarCeles. garda zemoT
miTiTebuli monacemebisa sajaro publikaciaSi
miTiTebuli unda iyos, rom Tu mopasuxe ar gamocxaddeba sasamarTloSi da ar acnobebs mas Tavis adgilsamyofels publikaciidan erTi Tvis vadaSi, mis
winaaRmdeg gamotanili iqneba dauswrebeli
gadawyvetileba.
sajaro publikaciebTan dakavSirebiT mizanSewonilad unda CaiTvalos erT-erTi romelime
gazeTis SerCeva, romelSic gamoqveyndeba saqmeTa
ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli yovelgvari informacia,
romelic saWirod miaCnia saqarTvelos sasamarTloebs.
uwyebis Cabarebulad CaTvlis safuZvlebi da dro
mxarebisaTvis da saqmeSi monawile sxva
dainteresebuli pirebisaTvis uwyebis Cabarebulad
CaTvlis mniSvnelobis gansamartavad sakmarisi iqneba
mxolod mis erT aspeqtze miTiTeba: sasamarTlo ver
ganixilavs saqmes Tu mxares ar Cabarda uwyeba
kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, xolo Tu mainc
ganixilavs - es iqneba gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis
udavo safuZveli.
138
uwyebis gagzavna warmoebs aramarto iseTi tradiciuli

saSualebebiT, rogoricaa fosta da kurieri, aramed
Tanamedrove teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoyenebiTac.
amitom, uwyebis Cabarebulad CaTvlis safuZvlebi da dro
(momenti) gansxvavebulia imis mixedviT, Tu ra saSualebiT
gaigzavna es uwyeba. amas isic emateba, rom es
gansxvavebuloba Camoyalibebulia sxvadasxva muxlebSi.
yovelive amis gamo, uwyebis adresatisaTvis
Cabarebulad CaTvlis zustad da Seucdomlad
gansazRvra dakavSirebulia garkveul sirTuleebTan.
es danarTi Sedgenilia 73-e, 74-e da 75-e muxlebis
analizis safuZvelze da misi mizania gauadvilos
mosamarTleebs am rTuli da praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT udidesi mniSvnelobis sakiTxebSi garkveva.
uwyeba Cabarebulad
iTvleba
dasturdeba
1. Tu uwyeba Cabarda erTerTs: an mxares an mis warmomadgenels ( mxarem unda

acnobos Tavis warmomadgenels, warmomadgenelma
unda acnobos mxares).
dasturdeba: mxaris an
warmomadgenlis xelmoweriT uwyebis meore egzemplarze romelic Caekereba
saqmeSi (70-e muxli).
2. Tu uwyeba Cabarda warmomadgenels (romelic valdebulia amis Sesaxeb acnobos mxares an Tavis warmomdgens) 70-e muxlis
pirveli nawili.
dasturdeba: warmomadgenlis xelmoweriT uwyebis me-2 egzemplarze,

romelic Caekereba saqmeSi
(70-e muxlis pirveli
nawili)
3. Tu uwyeba Cabarda adresatis ojaxis srul-wlovan

wevrs, roca adre-sati ar
imyofeba adgilze, 74-e
muxlis pirveli nawili.
dasturdeba: ojaxis srulwlovani wevris xelmoweriT

uwyebis me-2 egzemplarze,
romelicCaekerebasaqmeSi. (74e muxli spirveli nawili ).
139
4. Tu uwyeba (Setyobineba)
telefonogramiT gadaica,
misi gadacemis dawyebisa da
dasrulebis droidan.( 73-e
muxlis, me-2 nawilis, a
qvepunqti).
dasturdeba: telefonogramis
gadacemis Sesaxeb Sedgenili
aqtiT, romelSic mieTiTeba
telefonogramis gadacemis
dawyebisa da dasrulebis dro
(73-e muxlis a qvepunqti ). es
aqti Caekereba saqmeSi.
5. Tu depeSa Cabarda adresats an misi ojaxis srulwlovan wevrs. (73-e muxlis

me-2 nawilis, b qvepunqti).
dasturdeba: depeSis Cabarebis Sesaxeb miRebuli SetyobinebiT (73-e muxlis me-2

nawilis b qvepunqti).
6. Tu uwyeba (Setyobineba)
eleqtronuli fostiT an
faqsiT gadaica. (73-e muxlis me-2 nawilis g
qvepunqti).
dasturdeba: uwyebis (Setyobinebis) Cabarebis Sesaxeb

eleqtronuli fostiT an
faqsiT mowodebuli informaciiT, rac Caekereba saqmeSi
(73-e muxlis me-2 nawilis g
qvepunqti).
7. Tu erT-erTma mxarem,
romelmac ikisra movaleoba Caabaros uwyeba meore
mxares, gadasca es uwyeba am
meore mxares (73-e muxlis
me-6 nawili).
dasturdeba: am uwyebis me2 egzemplarze adresatis

xelmoweriT, romelic unda
daubrundes sasamarTlos
da Caekeros saqmeSi (73-e
muxlis me-6 nawili).
8. Tu fostiT an kurieris
meSveobiT gagzavnili uwyeba
Cabarda moqalaqes (adresats)
(73-e muxlis me-8 nawili).
dasturdeba: adresatis xelmoweriTuwyebisme-2egzemplarze,romelic CaekerebasaqmeSi

9. Tu uwyeba Cabarda kancelarias, sxva aseTive struqturul erTeuls an organizaciis Sesabamis uflebamosil pirs,romlebic uwyebas
adresats gadascemen. (73-e
dasturdeba: am uwyebis me-2

egzempliariT, romelsac xels
awers kancelariis an aseTive
daniSnulebis struqturuli
erTeulis an kidev am organizaciis Sesabamisi uflebamosili
piri, romelic Caekereba saqmeSi
(73-emuxlisme-8nawili).
140
10. Tu adgilobrivi TviTmarTvelobis an mmarTvelobis organom, an kidev

ubnis inspeqtorebma uwyeba
Caabares adresats (73-e
11. Tu adresatis aryofnis

SemTxvevaSi uwyeba Cabarda
ojaxis srulwlovan wevrs
an samuSao adgilis administracias (74-e muxlis pirveli nawili).
dasturdeba: adgilobrivi
TviTmmarTvelobis an mmarTvelobis organos Sesabamisi Tanamdebobis piris, an
kidev, ubnis inspeqtoris
mier xelmowerili uwyebis
me-2 egzemplariT, romelic
Caekereba saqmeSi (73-e
dasturdeba: uwyebis me-2
egzemplarze,
uwyebis
mimRebis xelmoweriTa da
vinaobis aRniSvniT (74-e
muxlis nawili pirveli).
12. Tu publikaciidan gavida

erTi Tve, roca mopasuxis
adgilsamyofeli daudgenelia, (78-e muxlis me-4
nawili).
dasturdeba: Sesabamisi publikaciiT, romelic Caekereba saqmeSi (78-e muxlis me4 nawili).
13. Tu adresatma uari ganacxada uwyebis miRebaze

(75-e muxli).
dasturdeba: uwyebaze Sesabamisi aRniSvniT, romelic unda

dabrundes sasamarTloSi da
Caekeros saqmeSi (75-e muxli).
14.Tu uwyeba Cabarda erT-erT

Tanamonawiles, romelsac mindolbili aqvs saqmis warmoeba,
uwyeba Cabarebulad iTvleba
yvela TanamonawilisaTvis (77e muxli).
dasturdeba: im uwyebis me2 egzemplarze xelmoweriT, romelic Cabarda

Tanamonawiles (77-e muxli).
141
kari meore
mxareebi
T a v i
IX
mxareTa saproceso uflebaunarianoba da

qmedunarianoba
muxli 79. mxareebi samoqalaqo
procesSi
1. sasamarTlo saqmis ganxilvas Seudgeba
dainteresebuli pirebis gancxadebiT. mxareebad sasamarTloSi SeiZleba gamovidnen
fizikuri da iuridiuli pirebi.
2. kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi
mxareebad SeiZleba iyvnen organizaciebi,
romlebic ar arian iuridiuli pirebi.
1. 79-e muxlis pirveli nawili gulisxmobs rogorc
ganmcxadeblebs, romlebsac aqvT iuridiuli interesi daadasturon sasamarTlos meSveobiT raime, magaliTad, iuridiuli faqti (ssk 310-e da 312-e muxlebi), ise modave mxareebs sasarCelo warmoebis
dros. udavo warmoebis dros, xolo zogierT SemTxvevaSi, saqmis gamartivebuli warmoebis dros, yovelTvis gvyavs erTi mxare _ ganmcxadebeli, sasarCelo
warmoebis dros gvyavs ori, Tavisi interesebiT urTierTdapirispirebuli mxareebi _ mosarCele da mopasuxe.
mosarCele aris piri, romelmac aRZra sarCeli Tavisi darRveuli an sadavo uflebis dasacavad. aqedan gamomdinare, mosarCeled ver CaiTvleba piri, ro142
melmac aRZra sarCeli sxva piris dasacavad. amitom,

mosarCeled ver CaiTvleba warmomadgeneli, romelic
mimarTavs sasamarTlos sarCeliT, sxva pirTa uflebebis dasacavad.
mopasuxe aris piri, romelmac mosarCelis gancxadebiT daarRvia an sadavo gaxada misi ufleba. mosarCelem unda daasaxelos mopasuxe _ es misi movaleobaa (ssk 178-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqti). sxva sakiTxia, marTla unda agos Tu ara mosarCelis mier mopasuxed dasaxelebulma pirma pasuxi, e. i. marTla aris Tu ara es
piri is, vinc daarRvia mosarCelis ufleba. es gairkveva procesis bolos _ sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT.
magram Tavdapirvelad mosarCelis mier mopasuxis dasaxeleba aris saWiro da aucilebeli, raTa sasamarTlom miiRos da ganixilos sarCeli.
2. mxareebad sasamarTloSi _ mosarCeled da mopasuxed, SeiZleba gamovidnen fizikuri da iuridiuli pirebi. swored esenia samarTlis saerTod da kerZod, saproceso samarTlis subieqtebi.
SeiZleba Tu ara mxareebad (mosarCeled da mopasuxed) mogvevlinon organizaciebi, romlebic ar arian
iuridiuli pirebi?
79-e muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, organizaciebi,
romlebic ar arian iuridiuli pirebi, SeiZleba gamovidnen samoqalaqo procesSi mxareebad, oRond erTi
pirobiT, Tu amas iTvaliswinebs, uSvebs kanoni ama Tu
im konkretuli organizaciis mimarT. magaliTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 45-e muxlis Tanaxmad, araregistrirebuli kavSiri ar aris iuridiuli piri, magram igi SeiZleba warmodgenili iyos sasamarTloSi da sasamarTlosgareSe urTierTobebSi Tavisi wevrebiT an saamisod uflebamosili pirebiT.
igive SeiZleba iTqvas `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis 25-e muxlis meore nawilis Sesaxeb, romlis Tanaxmad, `Tu registraciamde sazogadoebis saxeliT raime moqmedeba ganxorcielda, am moqmedebis
Semsruleblebi da damfuZneblebi pasuxs ageben per143
sonalurad, rogorc solidaruli movaleebi am moqmedebidan warmoSobili yvela valdebulebisaTvis. es pasuxismgebloba ZalaSi rCeba sazogadoebis registraciis Semdegac~.
did praqtikul mniSvnelobas iZens im sawarmoebisa
da sazogadoebebis mdgomareoba, romlebic adre iyvnen registrirebuli, magram Semdgom, kanonis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad, unda gaevloT xelaxali registracia, xolo Tu kanoniT daTqmul vadaSi isini ar gaivlian registracias, maSin maTi registracia gauqmebulad
iTvleba. registraciis gauqmeba ki niSnavs imas, rom es
sawarmo (sazogadoeba) aRaraa iuridiuli piri.
magram niSnavs Tu ara es imas, rom am sawarmos (sazogadoebis) mimarT ar SeiZleba aRiZras sarCeli an es sawarmo TviTon ver gamova mosarCeled?
ara, ar niSnavs!
saqme isaa, rom aseT sawarmoebs (sazogadoebebs) ar
SeiZleba ar hqondeT mravalgvari iuridiuli kavSirebi samarTlis sxva subieqtebTanac. am kavSirurTierTobebis safuZvelze SeiZleba warmoiSvas sxvadasxva
xasiaTis davebi, romlebic sasamarTlom unda gadawyvitos. amitom isini SeiZleba mogvevlinon mxareebad
procesSi, Tumca aRar SeiZleba CaiTvalon iuridiul
pirebad, radgan ar gauvliaT xelaxali registracia.
sxva sakiTxia, rom aseTi organizaciebisa da maTi wevrebis pasuxismgebloba gansxvavdeba im iuridiuli pirebis pasuxismgeblobisagan, romlebic mxolod Tavisi qonebiT ageben pasuxs, magram miuxedavad amisa, isini SeiZleba gamovidnen mxareebad procesSi.
muxli 80. samoqalaqo saproceso

uflebaunarianoba
1. saqarTvelos yvela fizikuri da iuridiuli piri aRWurvilia unariT, hqondes
samoqalaqo saproceso uflebebi da movaleobebi (saproceso uflebaunarianoba).
144
2. fizikuri piris saproceso uflebaunarianoba warmoiSoba dabadebis momentidan da Sewydeba misi gardacvalebiT.
3. iuridiuli piris uflebaunarianoba
warmoiSoba registraciis momentidan da
Sewydeba misi likvidaciis registraciis momentidan.
1. samoqalaqo saproceso uflebaunarianoba _ aris
piris (fizikuri da iuridiuli piris) unari hqondes
samoqalaqo saproceso uflebebi da movaleobebi.
2. samoqalaqo saproceso uflebaunarianoba dakavSirebulia samoqalaqo materialur uflebaunarianobasTan, magram Tavisi SinaarsiTa da warmoSobis momentiT SeiZleba ar daemTxvnen zogjer erTmaneTs, magaliTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-11 muxlis Tanaxmad,
`memkvidred yofnis ufleba warmoiSoba CasaxvisTanave; am uflebis ganxorcieleba damokidebulia dabadebaze~.
amrigad, memkvidreobis materialur-samarTlebrivi ufleba warmoiSoba CasaxvisTanave, magram samoqalaqo saproceso uflebebi da movaleobebi, rac dakavSirebulia memkvidreobasTan, SeiZleba warmoiSvas
mxolod dabadebis momentidan.
ramdenadac fizikuri pirebis saproceso uflebaunarianoba warmoiSoba dabadebis momentidan da arc
am uflebaunarianobis SezRudva daiSveba, sasamarTlos ar sWirdeba imis Semowmeba, aRWurvilia Tu ara mxare _ fizikuri piri saproceso uflebaunarianobiT.
3. rac Seexeba iuridiul pirebs, maT saproceso uflebaunarianobas da qmedunarianobas erTmaneTisagan
arc ki ansxvaveben im ubralo mizezis gamo, rom isini
warmoiSoba da Sewydeba erTdroulad _ registraciis momentidan da am registraciis gauqmebis momentidan.
amitom, sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos iuridiuli piris uflebaunarianoba, rac imavdroulad iuridiuli
145
piris qmedunarianobis Semowmebasac niSnavs. Tu aseTi

Semowmebis Sedegad aRmoCndeba, rom iuridiuli piri
araa registrirebuli, sasamarTlom uari unda uTxras
mas sarCelis miRebaze (ssk 186-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `v~ qvepunqti), garda iseTi SemTxvevebisa, roca
kanoni uSvebs araiuridiuli piris samoqalaqo procesSi mxared monawileobis SesaZleblobas (ssk 79-e muxlis me-2 nawili).

qmedunarianoba
1. yvela srulwlovani fizikuri piri da
iuridiuli piri aRWurvilia unariT, Tavisi moqmedebiT ganaxorcielos sasamarTloSi saproceso uflebebi da Seasrulos
saproceso movaleobebi, agreTve daavalos
saqmis warmoeba warmomadgenels (saproceso qmedunarianoba).
2. fizikur pirTa sruli saproceso qmedunarianoba warmoiSoba 18 wlis asakidan
(srulwlovanebidan), xolo iuridiuli piris qmedunarianoba _ misi registraciis momentidan. qmedunarianad iTvleba agreTve
piri, romelic iqorwinebs 18 wlis asakis
miRwevamde.
3. 7-dan 18 wlamde arasrulwlovanTa,
agreTve SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiarebul moqalaqeTa uflebebsa da kanoniT dacul interesebs sasamarTloSi icaven maTi
mSoblebi, mSvileblebi an mzrunvelebi,
amasTanave, sasamarTlo valdebulia aseT
saqmeebSi Caabas TviT arasrulwlovnebic.
4. Tu arasrulwlovans kanoniT miniWebuli aqvs ufleba, TviTon, damoukideblad gankargos Tavisi qoneba, dados wvrilmani sayofacxovrebo garigebebi da a.S.,
146
mas ufleba aqvs sasamarTloSi piradad daicvas Tavisi uflebebi da kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli interesebi, iyos mosarCele,
mopasuxe an mesame piri. sasamarTlos SeuZlia arasrulwlovanis SuamdgomlobiT an
Tavisi iniciativiT, saqmeSi Caabas misi kanonieri warmomadgenelic.
5. mcirewlovanTa uflebebs, agreTve qmeduunarod cnobil moqalaqeTa uflebebsa
da kanoniT dacul interesebs sasamarTloSi icaven maTi kanonieri warmomadgenlebi _ mSoblebi, mSvileblebi an meurveebi.
kanonieri warmomadgenlis SuamdgomlobiT
sasamarTlos SeuZlia saqmeSi Caabas mcirewlovanic.
6. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi meurveobisa da
mzrunvelobis organoebi uflebamosilni
arian mimarTon sasamarTlos arasrulwlovnis uflebebis dacvis mizniT.
1. samoqalaqo saproceso qmedunarianoba _ esaa piris (fizikuri da iuridiuli piris) unari Tavisi moqmedebiT ganaxorcielos sasamarTloSi saproceso uflebebi da Seasrulos saproceso movaleobebi, agreTve daavalos saqmis warmoeba warmomadgenels.
2. gansxvavebiT fizikur pirTa saproceso uflebaunarianobisagan, maTi saproceso qmedunarianoba warmoiSoba srulwlovanebidan (18 wlis asakidan), xolo
iuridiul pirTa qmedunarianoba _ registraciis momentidan, e. i. iuridiuli piris saproceso uflebaunarianobisa da qmedunarianobis warmoSobis momenti
emTxveva erTmaneTs.
ufro adre fizikuri piri SeiZleba gaxdes procesualurad qmedunariani, Tu igi iqorwinebs kanoniT
dadgenili wesiT 18 wlis asakis miRwevamde.
amrigad, sasamarTlom, Tu arsebobs eWvis safuZ147
veli, SeiZleba mosTxovos fizikur pirs misi asakis damadasturebeli dokumentebis wardgena, xolo iuridiul pirs _ misi registraciis damadasturebeli dokumentis wardgena.
3. arasrulwlovnebi (7-dan 18 wlamde), agreTve SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiarebuli moqalaqeebi saproceso qmedunarianobis TvalasazrisiT gaTanabrebulebi arian: maT uflebebs icaven maTi kanonieri warmomadgenlebi _ mSoblebi, mSvileblebi an mzrunvelebi.
SeuZlia Tu ara arasrulwlovans piradad daicvas
sasamarTloSi Tavisi ufleba, iyos mosarCele da mopasuxe? diax, SeuZlia, Tu arasrulwlovans kanoniT miniWebuli aqvs ufleba TviTon damoukideblad gankargos Tavisi qoneba, dados wvrilmani sayofacxovrebo
garigebani, miniWebuli aqvs sawarmos damoukideblad
gaZRolis ufleba da a. S. (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 65-e muxli).
4. saproceso qmedunarianobis TvalsazrisiT gaTanabrebulebi arian mcirewlovnebi da qmeduunarod
aRiarebuli moqalaqeebi _ maT ar gaaCniaT saproceso
qmedunarianoba. amitom, maT uflebebs sasamarTloSi
mxolod maTi kanonieri warmomadgenlebi, e. i. mSoblebi, mSvileblebi, meurveebi icaven.
magram Tu maT ar hyavT kanonieri warmomadgeneli?
maSin sasamarTlom unda gamoiyenos ssk 82-e muxli
da dauniSnos mas saproceso warmomadgeneli (ix. am
muxlis komentari).
5. praqtikaSi arc ise iSviaTia SemTxveva, rodesac
srulwlovani piri (rogorc wesi, mopasuxe) araa sasamarTlos mier aRiarebuli qmeduunarod (ssk 322-e muxli), magram aSkaraa, rom igi ver uwevs angariSs Tavis
moqmedebas fsiqikuri mdgomareobis an Wkuasustobis gamo. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda moiwvios am piris mSobeli, Svili, meuRle da CarTos igi saqmeSi, rogorc kanonieri warmomadgeneli, xolo Tu mas
ar hyavs aseTi warmomadgeneli _ dauniSnos mas saproceso warmomadgeneli (ssk 82-e muxli).
148
muxli 811. arasrulwlovanis ufleba

dacvaze
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi arasrulwlovans 14
wlis asakidan ufleba aqvs mimarTos sasamarTlos Tavisi uflebebis da kanonieri
interesebis dasacavad. am SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo niSnavs saproceso warmomadgenels
da ganixilavs saqmes. arasrulwlovan mosarCeles ufleba aqvs ar daeTanxmos Tavis
saproceso warmomadgenels da TviTon daicvas sakuTari Tavi. sasamarTlo valdebulia aseT saqmeebze Caabas meurveobisa
da mzrunvelobis organoebi.
_ Tu kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi sasamarTlos mimarTavs arasrulwlovani, maT Soris 14 wlis
asaks miRweuli, (ix. 81-e muxlis me-4 nawili). aseT pirebs
sasamarTlo dauniSnavs saproceso warmomadgenlebs Tu
maT ar yavT kanonieri warmomadgenlebi (mSoblebi, mSvileblebi, mzrunvelebi ix. 82-e muxlis komentari).
yvela SemTxvevaSi es muxli iTvaliswinebs meurveobisa
da mzrunvelobis organoebis Cabmas saqmeSi.
muxli 82. qmeduunaro mxaris

saproceso warmomadgeneli
procesSi (saproceso mzrunveli)
1. Tu sarCeli Setanilia qmeduunaro mxaris
winaaRmdeg, romelsac ara hyavs kanonieri
warmomadgeneli, sasamarTlom mosarCelis
gancxadebis safuZvelze unda daniSnos saproceso warmomadgeneli da ganixilos saqme, Tu misi ganuxilveloba zianiT emuqreba mosarCeles.
2. Tu saqmis warmoebis dros gairkveva,
149
rom sarCeli aRZrulia qmeduunaro mosarCelis mier, romelsac ara hyavs kanonieri
warmomadgeneli, maSin saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebis Tavidan asacileblad, kanonieri warmomadgenlis daniSvnamde SeiZleba
mosarCeles dauniSnon saproceso warmomadgeneli.
82-e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, imisaTvis,
rom sasamarTlom dauniSnos qmeduunaro mxares saproceso warmomadgeneli (saproceso mzrunveli) da ganixilos saqme, saWiroa sami pirobis erTdroulad arseboba: pirveli _ piri unda iyos qmeduunaro. qmeduunarod iTvleba piri 7-dan 18 wlamde (garda kanoniT
gaTvaliswinebuli gamonaklisebisa) asakis, agreTve
qmeduunarod sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT aRiarebuli srulwlovani piri. meore _ mosarCelis Suamdgomloba mopasuxisaTvis saproceso warmomadgenlis
daniSvnis Sesaxeb da mesame _ am saqmis ganuxilvelobam SeiZleba ziani miayenos mosarCeles.
Tu yvela es piroba arsebobs, sasamarTlo daniSnavs
saproceso warmomadgenels, raTa daculi iqnes qmeduunaro mopasuxis uflebebi da kanonieri interesebi.
_ amasTan erTad, praqtikaSi wamoiWra sakiTxi imis
Sesaxeb, SeiZleba Tu ara saproceso warmomadgeneli
daeniSnos iseT pirs, romelic srulwlovania, araa aRiarebuli sasamarTlos mier qmeduunarod, e. i. iuridiulad qmedunariania, magram aSkarad ver uwevs angariSs Tavis moqmedebas fsiqikuri mdgomareobis an
Wkuasustobis gamo, e. i. faqtobrivad qmeduunaroa.
aseT pirs SeiZleba daeniSnos saproceso warmomadgeneli misi mSoblis, srulwlovani Svilis, meuRlis saxiT, an Tu aseTi ar hyavs, sxva iseTi piris saxiT, romelsac SeuZlia daicvas am faqtobrivad qmeduunaro
piris interesebi sasamarTloSi.
_ arasrulwlovans mxolod im SemTxvevaSi SeiZle-
150
ba daeniSnos saproceso warmomadgeneli, roca mas ar

hyavs kanonieri warmomadgeneli.
1. mopasuxisaTvis saproceso warmomadgenlis daniSvnis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs motivirebuli ganCineba, romelzec ar SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana. Tu saproceso warmomadgenlis daniSvnis pirobebi
ar arsebobs, sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas mis daniSvnaze uaris Tqmisa da sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb 275-e muxlis analogiiT, romelzec SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.
2. Tu sarCeli aRZrulia qmeduunaro mosarCelis mier, romelsac ar hyavs kanonieri warmomadgeneli, maSin
mas SeiZleba daeniSnos saproceso warmomadgeneli.
magram am SemTxvevaSic SeiZleba wamoiWras sakiTxi
imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor unda moiqces sasamarTlo, rodesac mosarCele srulwlovania, araa aRiarebuli sasamarTlos mier qmeduunarod, e. i. iuridiulad qmedunariania, magram faqtobrivad aSkarad ver uwevs
angariSs Tavis moqmedebas fsiqikuri mdgomareobis gamo, e. i. faqtobrivad qmeduunaroa.
_ aseT pirs SeiZleba daeniSnos saproceso warmomadgeneli misi mSoblis, srulwlovani Svilis, meuRlis saxiT, an Tu aseTi ar hyavs, sxva nebismieri iseTi
piris saxiT, romelsac SeuZlia daicvas am faqtobrivad qmeduunaro piris interesebi.
_ saproceso warmomadgenels, ise rogorc kanonier
warmomadgenels, SeuZlia saqme awarmoos sasamarTloSi warmomadgenlis (advokatis) meSveobiT.
_ mosarCelisaTvis saproceso warmomadgenlis daniSvnis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelzec ar SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana. mosarCelisaTvis saproceso warmomadgenlis daniSvnaze uaris
Tqmis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb 275-e muxlis
à~ qvepunqtis Sesabamisad (ix. am muxlis komentari).
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muxli 83. mxareTa saproceso

uflebebi
1. mxareebi sargebloben Tanabari saproceso uflebebiT. maT ufleba aqvT gaecnon
saqmis masalebs, gaakeTon amonawerebi am
masalebidan, gadaiRon aslebi, ganacxadon
acilebani, waradginon mtkicebulebani, monawileoba miiRon mtkicebulebaTa gamokvlevaSi, SekiTxvebi dausvan mowmeebs, eqspertebs, specialistebs, ganacxadon sasamarTlos winaSe Suamdgomlobebi, miscen sasamarTlos zepiri da werilobiTi axsnaganmarteba, waradginon TavianTi daskvnebi
da gamoTqvan mosazrebebi saqmis ganxilvis
dros wamoWril yvela sakiTxze, uaryon
meore mxaris Suamdgomlobebi, daskvnebi
da mosazrebebi, gaasaCivron sasamarTlos
gadawyvetilebebi da ganCinebebi, isargeblon am kodeqsiT maTTvis miniWebuli sxva
uflebebiT.
2. mosarCeles ufleba aqvs saqmis winaswari sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis momzadebis
damTavrebamde Secvalos sarCelis safuZveli an sagani, gaadidos an Seamciros sasarCelo moTxovnebis odenoba, ris Sesaxebac sasamarTlo valdebulia acnobos mopasuxes.
3. saqmis winaswari sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis momzadebis Semdeg sarCelis safuZvlis an sagnis Secvla dasaSvebia mxolod
mopasuxis winaswari TanxmobiT. aseTi Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi mopasuxes SeuZlia moiTxovos sasamarTlo sxdomis gadadeba sxva
droisaTvis.
4. sarCelis Secvlad ar CaiTvleba mosarCelis mier sarCelSi miTiTebuli garemoebebis dazusteba, dakonkreteba da da152
mateba, agreTve sasarCelo moTxovnebis odenobis Semcireba, an erTi nivTis nacvlad

meore nivTis mikuTvneba misTvis, anda am
nivTis Rirebulebis anazRaureba.
1. 83-e muxlis pirveli nawili warmoadgens samoqalaqo procesis fundamenturi principebis _ SejibrebiTobisa da mxareTa Tanasworuflebianobis konkretul gamovlinebas. cxadia, rom sasamarTloebma sagangebo yuradReba unda miaqcion mxareTa aq CamoTvlili
uflebebis dacvas, imas, rom mxareebma SeZlon am uflebaTa realizacia procesis ama Tu im stadiaze.
2. 83-e muxlis me-2 nawili warmoadgens dispoziciurobis principis konkretul gamovlinebas, romlis
Tanaxmad, mosarCeles ufleba aqvs Secvalos sarCelis
safuZveli an sagani, gaadidos an Seamciros sasarCelo
moTxovnis odenoba.
_ sarCelis safuZveli esaa im faqtebis erToblioba, romlebic asabuTeben, amarTleben faqtobrivad
mosarCelis sasarCelo moTxovnas. aqedan gamomdinare, sarCelis safuZvlis Secvla niSnavs im faqtobrivi
garemoebebis Secvlas, romlebic miTiTebuli iyo Tavdapirvelad mosarCelis mier Tavis sarCelSi. magaliTad, mosarCele moiTxovda mopasuxis (damqiraveblis)
binidan gamosaxlebas im safuZvliT, rom bina sWirdeboda mas Tavisi axlo naTesavebisaTvis. Semdgom mosarCelem Secvala sarCelis safuZveli da moiTxova gamosaxleba im safuZvliT, rom mopasuxe ukve sam Tveze
metia ar ixdis binis qiras.
_ sarCelis sagani _ esaa mosarClis moTxovnis Sinaarsi, is Tu ra moqmedebis Sesrulebas moiTxovs mosarCele mopasuxisagan (binis gaTavisuflebas, raime
nivTis gadacemas, valis dabrunebas, zianis anazRaurebas, ama Tu im uflebis an samarTlebrivi urTierTobis aRiarebas da a. S.).
_ sarCelis sagnis Secvlam, ise rogorc sasarCelo
moTxovnis gadidebam, SeiZleba gamoiwvios davis sag153
nis gazrda, romelzec damokidebulia saxelmwifo baJis odenoba (39-e muxli). sarCelis sagnis Secvlas an
moTxovnis gadidebas kanoni ar ukavSirebs davis sagnis
fasis gazrdis gamo baJis damatebiT winaswar gadaxdas.
mosarCeles unda daevalos baJis damatebiT gadaxda,
magram gadauxdeloba ver daabrkolebs saqmis ganxilvas. sasamarTlo xarjebis da maT Soris damatebiT saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdis mxareTa Soris ganawilebis sakiTxi sasamarTlom unda gansazRvros Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi (249-e muxlis me-5 nawili). am gadawyvetilebiT unda moxdes damatebiT gadaxdevineba an zedmetad
gadaxdilis ukan dabruneba, Tu mosarCele amcirebs Tavis sasarCelo moTxovnas (42-e muxli).
_ mopasuxe, romelsac egzavneba sarCelis asli, yovelTvis emzadeba am sarCelisagan TavdacvisaTvis. amitom, mas unda ecnobos droulad Tu mosarCele cvlis sarCelis safuZvels an sagans, raTa mopasuxem SeZlos moemzados am Secvlili sarCelisagan TavdacvisaTvis. kanonis am danawesis Seusrulebloba sasamarTlos mxriv iqneboda mopasuxis mniSvnelovani saproceso uflebis darRveva, rac yovlad dauSvebelia.
3. 83-e muxlis me-3 nawili gansazRvravs, Tu procesis romel stadiaze SeuZlia mosarCeles sarCelis
safuZvlis an sagnis Secvla _ esaa saqmis winaswari
sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis momzadebis stadia. am stadiaze mosarCeles SeuZlia Secvalos sarCelis safuZveli an sagani ise, rom winaswar ar miiRos Tanxmoba mopasuxisagan.
Tu sarCelis Secvlas mosarCele apirebs saqmis mTavar (zepir) sxdomaze ganxilvis dros, maSin saWiroa mopasuxis Tanxmoba aseT Secvlaze, ris Sesaxebac miTiTebulia agreTve ssk 224-e muxlSi. Tu mopasuxe Tanaxma iqneba aseT Secvlaze, maSin mas SeuZlia moiTxovos
sasamarTlo sxdomis gadadeba sxva droisaTvis, raTa
moemzados Secvlili sarCelisagan TavdacvisaTvis.
magram Tu mopasuxe ar moiTxovs sxdomis gadadebas,
saqmis ganxilva gagrZeldeba.
154
4. rac Seeexeba mosarCelis uflebas gaadidos an Seamciros sasarCelo moTxovnis odenoba, magaliTad,
10000 laris nacvlad moiTxovos 20000 lari, an piriqiT, 5000 lari, agreTve moiTxovos erTi nivTis nacvlad meore nivTis mikuTvneba an am nivTis Rirebulebis anazRaureba (magaliTad, moiTxovda avtomanqanis
mikuTvnebas da SemdgomSi avtomanqana Secvala roialiT, an avtomanqanis Rirebulebis mikuTvnebiT) _ es
ar iqneba sarCelis sagnis Secvla. amitom, mosarCeles
es SeuZlia gaakeTos procesis nebismier stadiaze da
mopasuxis Tanxmoba amisaTvis saWiro araa.
sarCelis, kerZod, misi safuZvlis Secvlad ar CaiTvleba agreTve sarCelSi miTiTebuli garemoebebis
dazusteba, dakonkreteba, damateba. es imas niSnavs,
rom sarCelis faqtobrivi safuZveli ucvleli rCeba,
xdeba mxolod am faqtobrivi safuZvlis dazustebadakonkreteba an damateba axali faqtebiT, ise rom ar
icvleba sarCelis Tavdapirveli faqtobrivi safuZvlis azri da Sinaarsi.
muxli 831. mosarCelis mier

sarCelis gamoxmoba
1. mosarCeles ufleba aqvs gamoixmos sarCeli ise, rom uari ar Tqvas Tavis moTx
ovnaze. sarCelis gamoxmoba saqmis mTavar
sxdomaze ganxilvis dros dasaSvebia mopasuxis TanxmobiT. Tu mopasuxe ar aris Tanaxma,
sasamarTlom unda ganixilos da gadawyvitos saqme
2. Tu sasamarTlo daakmayofilebs sarCelis gamoxmobis Sesaxeb mosarCelis gancxa
debas, mas gamoaqvs ganCineba sarCelis ganux
ilvelad datovebisa da misi mosarCelisaTvis dabrunebis Taobaze, amasTanave,
mosarCeles daubrundeba mis mier gadaxdili saxelmwifo baJi.
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1. 831 muxlis pirvelil nawili naTlad da garkveviT

ganasxvavebs erTmaneTisagan mosarCelis mier sarCelze uarisTqmas, romelsac ukavSirdeba seriozuli praqtikuli Sedegebi (ix.272-e muxlis g qvepunqtis komentari) da mosarCelis mier sarCelis gamoxmobas. sarCelis gamoxmoba niSnavs imas, rom mosarCele
uars ki ar ambobs Tavis sarCelze (sasarCelo moTxovnaze), aramed mas aRar surs am etapze mis mier Semotanili sarCelis ganxilva. kanoni ar moiTxovs mosarCelisagan imis dasabuTebas (motivivrebas) Tu ratom gadaifiqra mosarCelem sarCelis amJamad ganxilva. maSasadame, sasamarTlom ar unda moTxovos mas aseTi dasabuTeba: ise rogorc sarCelis aRZvra sasamarTloSi, sarCelis gamoxmobac, anu ukan gamotana, dispoziciurobis principis konkretuli gamovlinebaa.
amasTan erTad, ise rogorc yovelTvis, kanoni icavs
mopasuxis interesebs, rac imaSi gamoixateba, rom Tu
sarCelis gamoxmoba xdeba saqmis momzadebis stadiaze,
mopasuxis Tanxmoba araa saWiro, magram, Tu sarCelis
gamoxmobis Sesaxeb gancxadeba keTdeba sasamarTlos
mTavar sxdomaze, maSin aucilebelia mopasuxis Tanxmoba. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu mopasuxes surs erTxel
da samudamod gadawydes mis winaaRmdeg aRZruli sarCelis bedi da amitom araa Tanaxma ukan gaiTxovos sarCeli mosarCelem, romelsac SeuZlia SemdgomSi kvlav
aRZras igive sarCeli, sasamarTlom uari unda uTxras
mosarCeles sarCelis gamoxmobaze da ganixilos da
gadawyvitos es sarCeli arsebiTad. sarCelis gamoxmobaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelzec kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba.
2. ganCineba sasamarTlos gamoaqvs im SemTxvevaSic,
rodesac igi akmayofilebs mosarCelis gancxadebas
gamoxmobis Sesaxeb. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo sarCels ganuxilvelad tovebs da ukan ubrunebs mas am
sarCels, masze darTul dokumentebs, agreTve mosarCelis mier gadaxdil saxelmwifo baJs.
156
am ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana (276e muxli).

sarCelis ganuxilvelad datoveba imis gamo, rom
mosarCelem ukan gaiTxova sarCeli, uflebas ar arTmevs mas kvlav aRZras igive sarCeli.
muxli 84. arasaTanado mosarCelis

Secvla
1. sasamarTlo, romelic saqmis ganxilvis
dros daadgens, rom sarCeli aRZrulia ara
im piris mier, romelsac moTxovnis ufleba
aqvs, SeuZlia mosarCelis TanxmobiT saqmis
Seuwyvetlad Secvalos Tavdapirveli mosarCele saTanado mosarCeliT.
2. Tu aseTi Tanxmobis miuxedavad, saTanado mosarCele ar aris Tanaxma Secvalos
arasaTanado mosarCele, sasamarTlo saqmis
warmoebas Sewyvets im motiviT, rom arasaTanado mxarem uari Tqva mis mier aRZrul
sarCelze.
3. Tu arasaTanado mosarCele ar aris
Tanaxma Seicvalos saTanado mosarCeliT,
es ukanaskneli SeiZleba Caebas saqmeSi mesame pirad, romelic ganacxadebs damoukidebel moTxovnas davis saganze, ris Sesaxebac sasamarTlo acnobebs am pirs. Tu es
piri Tanaxmaa Caebas saqmeSi mesame pirad,
sasamarTlo Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT uars
etyvis arasaTanado mosarCeles sarCelze
misi dausabuTeblobis gamo, xolo mesame
pirad saqmeSi Cabmuli saTanado mosarCelis mimarT sarCels daakmayofilebs saerTo safuZvelze.
4. Tu mesame pirad saqmeSi Casabmelad
navaraudevi saTanado mosarCele uars ityvis Caebas am saqmeSi, sasamarTlo Tavisi
157
gadawyvetilebiT uars etyvis arasaTanado

mosarCeles sarCelis dakmayofilebaze.
1. es danawesi efuZneba saproceso ekonomiis princips. arasaTanado mosarCeled iTvleba iseTi piri, romelsac ar aqvs moTxovnis ufleba. imis gasarkvevad,
aqvs Tu ara pirs, romelmac sarCeli aRZra, moTxovnis
ufleba, unda mivmarToT materialur samarTals. magaliTad, nivTis ukan dabruneba mflobels SeiZleba
mosTxovos mesakuTrem (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 172-e
muxli). aqedan gamomdinare, Tu vindikaciuri sarCeli,
e. i. sarCeli ukanono mflobelobidan nivTis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb, aRZra ara am nivTis mesakuTrem, aramed misma ojaxis wevrma, vTqvaT Svilma, maSin es Svili iqneba
arasaTanado mosarCele, radgan samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobiT aseTi moTxovnis ufleba mesakuTres aqvs.
igive SeiZleba iTqvas garigebis baTilad cnobis moTxovnis Sesaxeb. magaliTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 81-e
muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, `Tu piri garigebis
dadebis mizniT moatyues, igi uflebamosilia moiTxovos am garigebis baTiloba~. cxadia, rom saTanado mosarCele iqneba am SemTxvevaSi is piri, romelic moatyues, e. i. visTanac motyuebiT dades garigeba.
amrigad, aris Tu ara sarCelis aRmZvreli piri saTanado mosarCele, ganisazRvreba materialur-samarTlebrivi normebis safuZvelze.
_ arasaTanado mosarCelisagan unda ganvasxvavoT
sarCelis aRZvraze arauflebamosili piri. ssk 93-e
muxlis meore nawilis Tanaxmad, mxareebs SeuZliaT saqme awarmoon sasamarTloSi warmomadgenlis meSveobiT.
warmomadgenlis uflebamosileba unda gaformdes kanoniT gansazRvruli wesiT. Tu piri aRZravs sarCels
sxva piris uflebis dasacavad, magram misi warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosileba ar iqneba gaformebuli kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (ssk 96-e muxli), maSin Cven saqme gvaqvs arauflebamosil pirTan.
amrigad, arasaTanado mosarCele _ esaa piri, romel158
mac aRZra sarCeli Tavisi uflebis dasacavad, Tumca

ar aqvs am sarCeliT wamoyenebuli moTxovnis ufleba, anu ar aqvs materialur-samarTlebrivi interesi
am saqmeSi. arauflebamosili piri _ esaa piri, romelmac aRZra sarCeli sxvisi uflebis dasacavad, magram
ar aqvs am sxva piris mier saTanado wesiT gaformebuli uflebamosileba. Tu sarCeli dainteresebuli piris saxeliT Seitana iseTma pirma, romelsac ar aqvs
uflebamosileba saqmis warmoebaze, maSin sasamarTlo
ar miiRebs sarCels (ssk 186-e muxlis pirveli nawilis
`z~ qvepunqti).
_ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sarCeli aRZrulia arasaTanado mosarCelis mier, sasamarTlo uars ver etyvis
mas sarCelis miRebaze. sasamarTlos SeuZlia mxolod
daayenos Tavisi iniciativiT sakiTxi arasaTanado mosarCelis saTanadoTi Secvlis Sesaxeb.
2. Tu arasaTanado mosarCele Tanaxmaa Seicvalos
saTanadoTi, es imas niSnavs, rom man uari Tqva mis mier
aRZrul sarCelze. amitom, Tu saTanado mosarCele ar
aris Tanaxma Secvalos arasaTanado mosarCele _ sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb (ssk 272-e muxlis `g~ qvepunqti).
magram Tu saTanado mosarCele Tanaxmaa Secvalos
arasaTanado mosarCele, maSin saqmis warmoeba ar Sewydeba da sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas arasaTanado
mosarCelis saTanado mosarCeliT Secvlis Sesaxeb, ganixilavs saqmes saTanado mosarCelis mimarT da gamoitans gadawyvetilebas mis mimarT.
3. Tu arasaTanado mosarCele ar aris Tanaxma Seicvalos saTanado mosarCeliT, maSin am saTanado mosarCeles SeuZlia Caebas saqmeSi mesame pirad damoukidebeli moTxovniT. saTanado mosarCelis mesame pirad
saqmeSi Cabmis Sesaxeb, am ukanasknelis Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba. mesame pirad saqmeSi Cabmul saTanado mosarCeles ar sWirdeba
sarCelis aRZvra, rogorc amas ssk 88-e muxli iTvaliswinebs, radgan arasaTanado mosarCelis mier aRZruli
159
sarCeli ganixileba mesame pirad saqmeSi Cabmuli saTanado mosarCelis mimarTebidanac. sasamarTlo Tavisi
gadawyvetilebiT uars etyvis arasaTanado mosarCeles sarCelis dakmayofilebaze im motiviT, rom mas ar
aqvs moTxovnis ufleba, xolo mesame pirad saqmeSi Cabmuli saTanado mosarCelis mimarT sarCels daakmayofilebs saerTo safuZvelze.
muxli 85. arasaTanado mopasuxis

Secvla
Tu saqmis ganxilvisas sasamarTlo daadgens, rom sarCeli aRZrulia ara im piris
winaaRmdeg, romelmac pasuxi unda agos sarCelze, mas SeuZlia mosarCelis TanxmobiT
Secvalos Tavdapirveli mopasuxe saTanado
mopasuxiT. Tu mosarCele ar aris Tanaxma
Tavdapirveli mopasuxis saTanado mopasuxiT Secvlaze, sasamarTlo Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT uars etyvis mosarCeles sarCelis dakmayofilebaze.
_ mopasuxe aris piri, romelmac mosarCelis gancxadebiT daarRvia an sadavo gaxada misi ufleba. mopasuxis dasaxelebis uflebamosileba da movaleobac mosarCeles aqvs. es kargad Cans ssk 178-e muxlis Sinaarsidanac. am muxlis pirveli nawilis `b~ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, sarCelSi aRniSnuli unda iyos mopasuxis gvari, saxeli (saxelwodeba) da misamarTi, telefoni, faqsi da a.S.
praqtikaSi zogjer adgili aqvs SemTxvevebs, rodesac sarCeli aRZrulia ara im piris winaaRmdeg, romelmac pasuxi unda agos sarCelze. magaliTad, sarCeli valis dabrunebis Sesaxeb aRZrulia ara im piris winaaRmdeg, romelsac mosarCelem sesxis saxiT gadasca garkveuli Tanxa, aramed am msesxeblis mamis mimarT, sarCeli arasrulwlovani SviliSvilis rCenisaTvis aRZru160
lia papis (babuis) mimarT, maSin, rodesac mas SeuZlia

sarCo miiRos Tavisi mSoblebisagan, kerZod, mamisagan,
romelsac sakmao saxsrebi da kargi xelfasi aqvs da a. S.
_ sasamarTlos ufleba ar aqvs ar miiRos sarCeli im
motiviT, rom igi aRZrulia arasaTanado mopasuxis mimarT. sasamarTlos SeuZlia mxolod daayenos sakiTxi
arasaTanado mopasuxis saTanado mopasuxiT Secvlis
Sesaxeb. aseTi Secvla SeiZleba moxdes mxolod mosarCelis TanxmobiT.
_ Tu mosarCele araa Tanaxma arasaTanado mopasuxis saTanado mopasuxiT Secvlaze, sasamarTlo ganixilavs saqmes da uars etyvis mosarCeles sarCelis dakmayofilebaze Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT.
_ arasaTanado mxaris (mosarCelis, mopasuxis) Secvla mizanSewonilia moxdes saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, kerZod, mosamzadebel sxdomaze. magram, Tu arasaTanado mxaris Secvlis sakiTxi wamoiWra sasamarTlos
mTavar sxdomaze, maSin aseTi Secvla aq unda moxdes,
rasac SeiZleba saqmis ganxilvis sxva droisaTvis gadadeba moyves .
erT-erT saqmeze sakasacio sasamarTlom gaauqma gadawyvetileba im motiviT, rom zianis anazRaureba daekisra pirs, romelic arc mosarCelis mier iyo dasaxelebuli mopasuxed da arc sasamarTlos mier yofila
daSvebuli rogorc saTanado mopasuxe, nacvlad mosarCelis mier dasaxelebuli arasaTanado mopasuxisa.
sakasacio sasamarTlom savsebiT sworad miiCnia, rom
uxeSadaa darRveuli ssk 85-e muxlis moTxovnebi, radgan dauSvebelia saqmeSi damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesame pirad Cabmul pirs daekisros zianis anazRaureba, ise rom igi ar iyo CarTuli procesSi 85-e muxlis Sesabamisad.15
15
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2000, #10, gv.479
161
T a v i X
saproceso Tanamonawileoba
muxli 86. Tanamonawileobis
safuZvlebi
1. sarCeli SeiZleba wardgenil iqnes erTad ramdenime mosarCelis mier an ramdenime mopasuxis winaaRmdeg, Tu:
a) sarCelis sagans warmoadgens saerTo
ufleba;
b) sasarCelo moTxovnebi gamomdinareobs
erTi da imave safuZvlebidan;
g) sasarCelo moTxovnebi erTgvarovania,
miuxedavad imisa, erTgvarovania Tu ara
maTi safuZveli da sagani.
2. TiToeuli mosarCele an mopasuxe meore mxaris mimarT procesSi gamodis damoukideblad.
1. Tanamonawileoba gvaqvs maSin, rodesac erTi mosarCele aRZravs sarCels ramdenime mopasuxis winaaRmdeg, ramdenime mosarCele aRZravs sarCels erTi mopasuxis winaaRmdeg da ramdenime mosarCele aRZravs
sarCels ramdenime mopasuxis winaaRmdeg. erT mxareze monawile Tanamonawileebis interesebi ar SeiZleba
ewinaaRmdegebodes erTmaneTs, e. i. TanamosarCeleebis interesebi, iseve rogorc Tanamopasuxeebis interesebi, ar SeiZleba ewinaaRmdegebodes erTmaneTs.
amiT Tanamonawileoba gansxvavdeba mesame pirisagan, romelic aRZravs sarCels damoukidebeli moTxovniT davis saganze.
_ Tanamonawileobis mizania saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetis daCqareba, xarjebis Semcireba, erTmaneTis
sawinaaRmdego an Seusabamo gadawyvetilebaTa gamotanis Tavidan acileba.
162
am mizniT Tanamonawileoba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes momzadebis stadiaze. kerZod, 182-e muxlis me-4
nawilis Tanaxmad, Tu sasamarTlos warmoebaSia ramdenime erTgvarovani da samarTlebrivad erTmaneTTan
dakavSirebuli saqme, romlebSic erTi da igive an sxvadasxva mxareebi monawileoben, sasamarTlos SeuZlia
mxaris SuamdgomlobiT gaaerTianos es saqmeebi calke
warmoebad, Tu amas moyveba davis ufro swrafad da sworad ganxilva.
saqmeTa erT warmoebad gaerTianebis iniciativiT
SeiZleba gamovides mosamarTlec (sasamarTloc) im
TvalsazrisiT, rom urCios mxares daTanxmdes aseT gaerTianebaze.
_ Tanamonawileoba SeiZleba iyos savaldebulo da
fakultaturi (ara aucilebeli).
_ Tanamonawileoba savaldebuloa, Tu materialur-samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan gamomdinare, SeuZlebelia am urTierTobis yvela subieqtis monawileobis gareSe saqmis ganxilva. magaliTad, saerTo sakuTrebis uflebis (a qvepunqti) erT-erTma monawilem moiTxova wilis gamoyofa. saqmeSi Cabmuli unda
iqnes yvela mesakuTre: yovelTvis, roca dava exeba saziaro sagans, saqmeSi Cabmuli unda iqnes saziaro uflebis yvela mesakuTre; Tu saqme exeba binidan gamosaxlebas (binis gaTavisuflebas), maSin am saqmeSi Cabmuli unda iqnen am binaSi mcxovrebi yvela piri da a. S.
savaldebulo Tanamonawileobisas, Tu yvela Tanamonawile ar iqneba Cabmuli saqmeSi da sasamarTlo ise
gamoitans gadawyvetilebas, maSin am gadawyvetilebis
aRsruleba ver moxerxdeba, radgan misi kanonieri Zala vrceldeba mxolod im pirebze, romlebic monawileobdnen saqmeSi. amitom, Tu sarCeli araa aRZruli
saerTo uflebis yvela Tanamonawilis an saerTo valdebulebis mqone yvela piris mimarT, maSin sasamarTlom unda Caabas isini saqmeSi Tavisi iniciativiT.
_ praqtikaSi wamoiWra sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, SeuZlia
Tu ara sasamarTlos savaldebulo Tanamonawileobis
163
dros gamoitanos dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, roca ar gamocxadda arcerTi Tanamonawile (TanamosarCele an Tanamopasuxe), an gamocxadda ara yvela, aramed erT-erTi maTgani.
Tu sasamarTlo sxdomaze ar gamocxadda arcerTi
Tanamonawile (TanamosarCele an Tanamopasuxe), romlebsac gaegzavnaT Setyobineba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, sasamarTlo gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas (229-e da 230-e muxlebi).
Tu sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamocxadda erT-erTi Tanamonawile, vTqvaT TanamosarCele, sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos ara dauswrebeli, aramed Cveulebrivi
gadawyvetileba saqmis masalebis mixedviT.
savaldebulo Tanamonawileobis dros erT-erTi
Tanamonawilis gamocxadeba niSnavs yvela Tanamonawilis gamocxadebas, Tu yvela Tanamonawiles gaegzavna Setyobineba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT.
_ Tu arcerTi mxare, e. i. arcerTi TanamosarCele da
arcerTi Tanamopasuxe ar gamocxadda sasamarTlos SeuZlia sarCeli ganuxilvelad datovos (231-e muxli).
_ arasavaldebulo (fakultaturi) Tanamonawileoba SeiZleba ganpirobebuli iyos imiT, rom `sasarCelo
moTxovnebi gamomdinareobs erTi da imave safuZvlebidan~ (b qvepunqti ), an kidev imiT, rom `sasarCelo moTxovnebi erTgvarovania, miuxedavad imisa, erTgvarovania Tu ara maTi safuZveli da sagani (g qvepunqti).
magaliTad, Tu piris qonebas ziani miayena ramdenime pirma, dazaralebuls SeuZlia sarCeli aRZras rogorc calkeuli zianis mimyeneblis, ise yvelas mimarT
erTad. aseve, TiToeul muSa-mosamsaxures SeuZlia
cal-calke aRZras sarCeli administraciis mimarT
xelfasis miRebis Taobaze, magram maT SeuZliaT gaaerTianon TavianTi erTgvarovani moTxovnebi erT sarCelSi.
Tanamonawileoba aseT SemTxvevebSi gamarTlebulia
saqmis sworad da swrafad gadawyvetis interesebiT, agreTve, saproceso ekonomiis principis moTxovnebiT.
164
ama Tu im konkretul SemTxvevaSi es mizani SeiZleba ver

iqnes realizebuli. maSin sasamarTlos SeuZlia ramdenime mosarCelis an ramdenime mopasuxis mimarT wardgenili moTxovnebidan calke warmoebad gamoyos erTi an ramdenime moTxovna (ssk 182-e muxlis me-3 nawili).
_ Tanamonawileobisagan unda ganvasxvavoT ramdenime sasarCelo moTxovnis erT sarCelSi gaerTianeba
erTi da imave mopasuxis mimarT. Tanamonawileoba _ es
aris sarCelebis subieqturi gaerTianeba, xolo ramdenime moTxovnis erT sarCelSi gaerTianeba erTsa da
imave mopasuxis mimarT _ sarCelebis obieqturi gaerTianeba. sasamarTlos SeuZlia gaerTianebuli moTxovnebidan calke warmoebad gamoyos erTi an ramdenime moTxovna (ssk 182-e muxlis me-2 nawili).
_ praqtikaSi wamoiWra sakiTxi SeuZlia Tu ara sasamarTlos arasavaldebulo (fakultaturi) Tanamonawileobis dros gamoitanos dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, Tu ar gamocxadda arcerTi an gamocxadda mxolod erT-erTi Tanamonawile.
aseTi Tanamonawileobis dros, Tu ar gamocxadda
erT mxareze monawile arcerTi Tanamonawile, sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba yvela gamoucxadebel mxareTa sawinaaRmdegod (ssk
229-230-e muxlebi). magram, Tu sasamarTlo sxdomaze
gamocxadda erT mxareze monawile mxolod erTi an ramdenime Tanamonawile, maSin sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos Cveulebrivi gadawyvetileba mxolod gamocxadebuli Tanamonawilis mimarT da dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba gamoucxadebel TanamonawileTa mimarT.
_ arasavaldebulo Tanamonawileobis dros TiToeul Tanamonawiles SeeZlo aReZra damoukidebeli sarCeli calke aRebuli mopasuxis mimarT. aqedan gamomdinare, arasavaldebulo Tanamonawileobis dros erTerTi Tanamonawilis gamocxadeba ar niSnavs yvela
Tanamonawilis gamocxadebas. amitom, aseT SemTxvevaSi gamoucxadeblobas unda moyves is Sedegi, rasac
kanoni ukavSirebs mxaris gamoucxadeblobas saerTod.
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2. procesSi TiToeuli Tanamonawilis damoukideblad gamosvla imas niSnavs, rom mis mier ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis Seusruleblobas ar SeuZlia raime ziani miayenos sxva Tanamonawiles an zegavlena moaxdinos sxva Tanamonawileebze. magaliTad, erTi Tanamonawilis mier sarCelze uaris Tqma, an sarCelis
cnoba ar niSnavs sarCelze uaris Tqmas an sarCelis
cnobas sxva Tanamonawileebis mier.
sasamarTlo Sewyvets saqmis warmoebas im mosarCelis mimarT, romelmac uari Tqva sarCelze da sxvebis
mimarT gaagrZelebs saqmis ganxilvas. aseve sasamarTlo daakmayofilebs sarCels im mopasuxis mimarT, romelmac cno sarCeli, xolo sxvebis mimarT gaagrZelebs
saqmis ganxilvas.
muxli 87. TanamonawileTa saproceso

uflebebi
1. Tanamonawileni sargebloben yvela im
saproceso uflebiT, romlebic am kodeqsis
Tanaxmad miniWebuli aqvT mxareebs.
2. Tanamonawileebs SeuZliaT saqmis warmoeba erT-erT Tanamonawiles miandon, garda
im SemTxvevebisa, rodesac Tanamonawile arasrulwlovania, anda mas hyavs meurve an
mzrunveli.
3. saqmis warmoebis mindoba erT-erTi TanamonawilisaTvis unda gaformdes 96-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT.
1. Tanamonawileebi (TanamosarCeleebi, Tanamopasuxeebi) arian mxareebi, romlebic icaven TavianT uflebebs da kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul interesebs. amitom,
isini sargebloben yvela im uflebiT, ra uflebebic
aqvT mxareebs (ssk 83-e muxli).
2. Tanamonawileebs SeuZliaT saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi erT-erT Tanamonawiles miandon. aseT Sem166
TxvevaSi Tanamonawile or funqcias asrulebs: is aris

mxare, romelic icavs Tavis uflebebs da, imavdroulad is aris warmomadgeneli sxva Tanamonawileebisa.
am ori funqciis (mxare, warmomadgeneli) SeTavseba dasaSvebia mxolod Tanamonawileobis dros.
3. saqmis warmoebis mindoba erT-erTi TanamonawilisaTvis aucileblad unda gaformdes kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (ssk 96-e muxli). magaliTad, moqalaqeTa
mier gacemuli mindobiloba unda damowmdes sanotaro wesiT an im organizaciis mier, sadac muSaobs an swavlobs marwmunebeli.
Tanamonawiles, romelsac mindobili aqvs saqmis
warmoeba sxva Tanamonawileebis mier, Tavis mxriv, ar
ekrZaleba aiyvanos advokati.
_ mcdaria da ar Seesabameba kanons iseTi praqtika,
rodesac TanamonawileTa warmomadgenlad daSvebis sakiTxs am warmomadgenlis sityvieri gancxadebis safuZvelze wyvets sasamarTlo.
167
T a v i
XI
mesame pirebi
muxli 88. mesame pirebi
damoukidebeli sasarCelo
moTxovniT
1. TiToeul dainteresebul pirs, romelic acxadebs damoukidebel moTxovnas davis
saganze an mis nawilze, SeuZlia aRZras
sarCeli orive an erT-erTi mxaris mimarT
mxareTa paeqrobis dawyebamde (mesame pirebi damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT).
mesame piris sarCelis miReba da ganxilva
warmoebs saerTo wesebis dacviT. mesame
pirisa da Tavdapirveli mosarCelis sarCelis gadawyveta xdeba erTdroulad.
2. mesame pirebi damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT sargebloben mosarCelis yvela uflebiT da maT ekisrebaT misi yvela
movaleoba.
1. zogjer samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilvis procesi
rTuldeba imis gamo rom procesSi Semodis piri, romlis interesebi ar emTxveva arc mosarCelisa da arc
mopasuxis interesebs.
amrigad, mesame piri es iseTi piria, romelic Semodis mxareTa Soris ukve dawyebul procesSi Tavisi sakuTari uflebebisa da interesebis dasacavad,
romlebic aramarto ar emTxveva, aramed piriqiT, ewinaaRmdegeba kidec mxareebis (mosarCelis, mopasuxis)
interesebs. swored amitom, isini ar SeiZleba Caeban
procesSi Tanamonawileebad (ssk 86-e muxli).
_ mesame pirebma damoukidebeli moTxovniT sasamarTlos unda mimarTon sarCeliT. imisaTvis, rom sasamarTlom miiRos da ganixilos es sarCeli, is unda
168
akmayofilebdes yvela im moTxovnas, rac waeyeneba

sarCelebs saerTod (ssk 178-e muxli).
amave dros, mesame piris sarCels waeyeneba damatebiTi moTxovnebi, kerZod, igi mimarTuli unda iyos
davis saganze an mis nawilze.
_ mesame piris sarCelis aRZvra da miReba warmoebs
im wesebis dacviT, romlebiTac gaTvaliswinebulia saerTod sarCelebis miReba (ssk177-187-e muxlebi). gamonaklisi am wesebidan SeiZleba iyos gansjadoba: mesame pirs SeuZlia aRZras sarCeli damoukidebeli moTxovniT davis saganze im sasamarTloSi, sadac es dava
ganixileba.
aqedan gamomdinare, mesame pirad damoukidebeli
moTxovniT ver CaiTvleba iseTi piri, romelic sasamarTlom CaTvala aseTad am piris zepiri Tu werilobiTi Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze da am piris mier sarCelis aRZvris gareSe.
_ mesame pirebs damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT SeuZliaT aRZran sarCeli mxareTa paeqrobis dawyebamde.
cxadia, mesame piris mier sarCelis aRZvra gamoiwvevs saqmis ganxilvis gadadebasa da mis gaWianurebas,
magram aseTi wesi ganpirobebulia imiT, rom mesame
pirma SeiZleba dagvianebiT Seityos sasamarTloSi
mimdinare davisa da am davis sagnis Sesaxeb, magram, Tu
piri ama Tu im statusiT (vTqvaT, mesame pirad damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe), monawileobs saqmis ganxilvaSi, romelic isedac TveobiT Wianurdeba da bolos, maSin rodesac saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilva
mTavrdeba da sasamarTlo unda gavides gadawyvetilebis gamosatanad, Tu igi warudgens sasamarTlos sarCels damoukidebeli moTxovniT davis saganze, unda
miiRos Tu ara sasamarTlom sarCeli aseTi mesame pirisgan?
sasamarTlo mowodebulia ebrZolos arakeTilsindisierebas da saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebis
mcdelobas, _ visganac ar unda momdinareobdes igi,
169
miT umetes, rom mesame pirs SeuZlia aRZras damoukidebeli sarCeli sxva dros da wina procesSi monawile
nebismieri mxaris winaaRmdeg..
_ saapelacio da sakasacio sasamarTloebi mowodebulni arian ganixilon saCivrebi. amasTan erTad, isini
amowmeben gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebebs, Sesabamisad, saapelacio da sakasacio saCivris farglebSi (ssk
377-e da 404-e muxlebi).
amrigad, aRniSnuli sasamarTloebi ganixilaven saCivrebs gadawyvetilebebze, romlebic gamotanilia
qvemdgomi instanciis sasamarTloebis mier iq aRZrul
sarCelebze (ssk 364-e da 391-e muxlebi) da ara sarCelebs. mesame piris sarCeli damoukidebeli moTxovniT
aris Cveulebrivi sarCeli da aseTi sarCeliT saapelacio Tu sakasacio instanciaSi mimarTva dauSvebelia.
2. mesame pirebi damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT arian igive mosarCeleebi da isini sargebloben yvela im uflebebiT, ra uflebiTac sargebloben mosarCeleebi saerTod (ssk 83-e muxli).
muxli 89. mesame pirebi

damoukidebeli sasarCelo
moTxovnis gareSe
yovel dainteresebul pirs, romelic ar
acxadebs damoukidebel moTxovnas davis saganze an mis nawilze, SeuZlia mimarTos
sasamarTlos gancxadebiT, raTa dauSvas igi
saqmeSi mesame pirad mosarCelis an mopasuxis mxareze, radgan sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebas am saqmeze SeuZlia SemdgomSi gavlena moaxdinos mis uflebebsa da movaleobebze erT-erTi mxaris mimarT. mesame pirad daSvebis sakiTxs mxareTa mosazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT wyvets sasamarTlo.
170
sasamarTlo praqtikaSi farTodaa gavrcelebuli saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis organoebis, meriebis, gamgeobebis, sxvadasxva inspeqciebis, notariusebis da a.
S. samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilvaSi damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesame pirebad Cabma. xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac sasamarTloebis mier ar aris dasabuTebuli da motivirebuli, is Tu romeli mxaris dasaxmareblad Caebnen aRniSnuli subieqtebi procesSi an ra mosazrebiT da romeli kanoniT xelmZRvanelobda sasamarTlo, maTi saqmeSi Cabmis Sesaxeb ganCinebis gamotanisas
_ damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesame pirebad
saqmeSi Cabmis sakiTxis gadawyvetisas sasamarTlom unda ixelmZRvanelos ssk 89-e muxlis moTxovnebiT, romlis Tanaxmad, aseTi mesame pirebis Cabma saqmeSi dasaSvebia, Tu maT gaaCniaT iuridiuli interesi, e. i.
Tu `sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebas am saqmeze SeuZlia
SemdgomSi gavlena moaxdinos mis uflebebsa da movaleobebze erT-erTi mxaris mimarT~.
_ sasamarTlom TviTon unda ganWvritos, aqvs Tu ara
aseT mesame pirs iuridiuli interesi, e. i. moaxdens
Tu ara am saqmeze gamotanili gadawyvetileba gavlenas mis uflebebsa da movaleobebze èrT-erTi mxaris
mimarT~.
am saqmeSi sasamarTlos daexmareba kanonic. magaliTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 706-e muxlis Tanaxmad, Tu
tvirTis dakargvis an dazianebis gamo zianis anazRaureba daekisra erT-erT gadamzidvels, maSin mas SeuZlia aRZras regresuli (ukumoTxovnis) sarCeli sxva gadamzidvelebis mimarT. rogorc vxedavT, aseT saqmeze gamotanil gadawyvetilebas, romliTac zianis anazRaureba daekisra erT-erT gadamzidvels, SeuZlia gavlena moaxdinos sxva gadamzidvelis movaleobebze,
kerZod, aunazRauros wagebul gadamzidvels is, rac
mas daekisra mosarCelis sasargeblod, amitom, es `sxva
gadamzidveli~ dainteresebulia Caebas procesSi mesame pirad damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe, raTa da171
exmaros gadamzidvels moigos procesi, riTac Tavidan

aicdens mis winaaRmdeg regresuli sarCelis aRZvras.
_ sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis preiudiciuli (winaswargadamwyveti) Zala sxva sarCelebis ganxilvisas
ganisazRvreba imis mixedviT, Cabmuli iyo Tu ara mesame piri saqmis ganxilvaSi.
amitom, damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesame piris saqmeSi CabmiT dainteresebuli unda iyos rogorc
uSualod mxare, ise mis mxareze monawile mesame piri.
_ regresuli moTxovnis wayenebis saSiSroeba, marTalia, mesame pirisaTvis aris iuridiuli interesis
warmoSobis ZiriTadi, magram ara erTaderTi safuZveli.
magaliTad, praqtika dasaSvebad Tvlis da vfiqrobT
gamarTlebulia saqmeSi mesame pirad im bavSvis mSoblis Cabma, romelic adre gamotanili gadawyvetilebis
safuZvelze iRebs aliments, radgan am mSoblis sxva
qorwinebaSi dabadebuli bavSvis sasargeblod alimentis gadaxdevinebis dakisrebam SeiZleba gamoiwvios
pirveli gadawyvetilebiT gansazRvruli alimentis
odenobis Semcireba.
_ erTmaneTisagan unda ganvasxvavoT mesame pirebi damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe da Tanamonawileebi. Tanamonawileobis kanoniT gansazRvruli safuZvlebi iseTia, rom Tanamonawileebi yovelTvis upirispirdebian erTmaneTs _ TanamosarCleebi Tanamopasuxeebs da piriqiT. rac SeexebaT mesame pirebs damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe, isini materialur-samarTlebriv urTierTobaSi arian mxolod im pirTan, romlis mxarezec gamodian procesSi da aranairi samarTlebrivi urTierToba mowinaaRmdege mxaresTan ar akavSirebT.
_ mesame piri damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe SeiZleba iyos rogorc fizikuri, ise iuridiuli piri.
172
muxli 90. mesame piris Cabma saqmeSi

erT-erTi mxaris iniciativiT
1. mesame piri damoukidebeli sasarCelo
moTxovnis gareSe SeiZleba Cabmul iqnes
erT-erTi mxaris iniciativiT, risTvisac igi
mimarTavs sasamarTlos motivirebuli gancxadebiT. aseTi gancxadeba sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde SeiZleba gakeTdes rogorc werilobiTi, ise zepiri
formiT. zepiri gancxadeba Seitaneba sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmSi. mxareTa mosazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas mesame piris saqmeSi monawileobisaTvis Cabmis an aseT Cabmaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.
2. mesame piris saqmeSi Cabmaze uaris Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCineba gasaCivrdeba
gadawyvetilebasTan erTad.
1. mesame piri damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe SeiZleba Cabmuli iqnes saqmeSi rogorc uSualod am mesame piris (ssk 89-e muxli), ise mosarCelis, mopasuxis,
damoukidebeli moTxovnis mqone mesame piris iniciativiT.
_ sasamarTlos iniciativiT aseTi mesame pirebis saqmeSi Cabmas moqmedi ssk ar iTvaliswinebs, magram sasamarTlos SeuZlia jer kidev saqmis momzadebis stadiaze winadadeba misces mxareebs droulad ganacxadon
Tu vin SeiZleba Caebas saqmeSi mesame pirad damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe (ssk 201-e da 203-e muxlebi).
_ gancxadeba damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesame piris saqmeSi Cabmis Sesaxeb, imis da miuxedavad
werilobiTi Tu zepiri formiTaa igi wardgenili, unda
iyos motivirebuli, e. i. miTiTebuli unda iyos safuZveli, ris gamoc ganmcxadebeli moiTxovs mesame piris
saqmeSi Cabmas. es imas niSnavs, rom masSi miTiTebuli
173
unda iyos Tu konkretulad ra gavlena SeiZleba moaxdinos mesame piris uflebebze da movaleobebze am saqmeze gamotanilma gadawyvetilebam (ssk 89-e muxli). sasamarTlom ar unda dauSvas mesame piris procesSi
Cabma saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebis mizniT.
_ damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesame piris saqmeSi Cabmis sakiTxze sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebas
iRebs mxareTa mosazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
mxareTa mosazrebebis gaTvaliswineba SeiZleba moxdes Semdegnairad: Tu gancxadeba mesame piris saqmeSi
Cabmis Sesaxeb Semotanilia am saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, maSin es gancxadeba gadaegzavneba mxares (mxareebs), romelsac daeniSneba Sesabamisi vada am sakiTxze misi werilobiTi mosazrebis wardgenisaTvis. mxaris mier am vadaSi werilobiTi mosazrebis warudgenloba ver daabrkolebs sasamarTlos mier konkretul
sakiTxis gadawyvetas. Tu gancxadeba Semotanilia sasamarTlo sxdomaze, maSin mxareTa mosazrebebis mosmena xdeba imave sxdomaze.
2. damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesame piris
saqmeSi Cabmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs motivirebuli ganCineba, romelSic miTiTebuli unda iyos, agreTve, Tu vis (mosarCelisa Tu mopasuxis) mxareze xdeba mesame piris saqmeSi Cabma.
aseT ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba.
_ damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesame piris saqmeSi Cabmaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs
motivirebuli ganCineba, romelic SeiZleba gasaCivrdes gadawyvetilebasTan erTad.
damoukideblad imisa, mosarCelisa Tu mopasuxis
mxareze xdeba damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesame piris saqmeSi Cabma, yovlad dauSvebelia gadawyvetileba mosarCelis nacvlad am mesame piris sasargeblod iqnes gamotanili, an mas daekisros pasuxismgebloba mopasuxis nacvlad. amitom, principuli mniSvneloba aqvs sakasacio sasamarTlos miTiTebas erTerT saqmeze imis Sesaxeb, rom piri ar yofila Cabmuli
174
saqmeSi mopasuxed, xolo gadawyvetilebiT igi mopasuxed iqna miCneuli riTac uxeSad dairRva am piris uflebebi, ris gamoc gadawyvetileba unda gauqmdes.16
muxli 91. mesame pirebis saproceso

uflebebi
mesame pirebi, romlebic ar acxadeben damoukidebel moTxovnebs davis saganze, sargebloben mxareTa saproceso uflebebiT
da maT ekisrebaT mxareTa saproceso movaleobebi, garda uflebisa, gaadidon an Seamciron sasarCelo moTxovnis odenoba, Secvalon sarCelis safuZveli an sagani, cnon
sarCeli, uari Tqvan sarCelze an morigdnen, aRZran Segebebuli sarCeli, moiTxovon sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis iZulebiTi aRsruleba.
mesame pirebi damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe sargebloben mxareTa saproceso uflebebiT, romlebic CamoTvlilia ssk 83-e muxlSi (ix. am muxlis komentari).
amasTan erTad, ssk 91-e muxli Seicavs mxaris im uflebamosilebaTa CamonaTvals, romlebiTac ver isargeblebs mesame piri damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe.
aseT mesame pirs ar SeuZlia, agreTve, gaasaCivros sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi saapelacio an sakasacio
wesiT (ssk 364-e da 391-e muxlebi). agreTve Seitanos
kerZo saCivari (ssk 414-e muxli).
muxli 92. saproceso

uflebamonacvleoba
1. sadavo an sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT dadgenili samarTlebrivi urTierTo16
ix.susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, #10, 2000, gv. 478-479.
175
bidan erT-erTi mxaris gasvlis SemTxvevaSi

(moqalaqis gardacvaleba, iuridiuli piris reorganizacia, moTxovnis daTmoba, valis gadacema da sxva) sasamarTlo dauSvebs am mxaris Secvlas misi uflebamonacvliT. uflebamonacvleoba SesaZlebelia
procesis yovel stadiaze.
2. uflebamonacvlisaTvis procesSi mis
daSvebamde Sesasrulebeli yvela moqmedeba savaldebuloa im odenobiT, rac savaldebulo iqneboda im pirisaTvis, romelic
man Secvala.
3. uflebamonacvleobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo SeaCerebs saqmis warmoebas 279-e
muxlis Sesabamisad.
4. uflebamonacvliT Secvlis an aseT Secvlaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.
1. uflebamonacvleobis safuZvelia ara saqmidan
erT-erTi mxaris gasvla (magaliTad, arasaTanado mxare gavida saqmidan da mis nacvlad Semovida saTanado
mxare), aramed samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan erTerTi mxaris gasvla.
_ saproceso uflebamonacvleobis safuZvlebi (anu
sadavo samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan gasvlis SemTxvevebi) miTiTebulia ssk 92-e muxlSi. aseTi safuZvlebia:
a) moqalaqis gardacvaleba. magaliTad, sk 1306-e
muxlis Tanaxmad, gardacvlili piris qonebis gadasvla sxva pirebze xorcieldeba kanoniT an anderZiT.
b) iuridiuli piris reorganizacia. iuridiuli
piris reorganizacia (SeerTeba, mierTeba, gayofa, gamoyofa, gardaqmna) gaTvaliswinebulia `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ kanonis me-14 muxliTa da sk 39-e muxliT.
g) moTxovnis daTmoba. gaTvaliswinebulia sk 199-e
muxliT, romlis Tanaxmad, garkveuli pirobebis arse176
bobisas moTxovnis mflobels (kreditors) SeuZlia

moTxovna mesame pirs dauTmos. aseT SemTxvevaSi Tavdapirveli mflobelis adgils ikavebs is piri, romelsac moTxovna dauTmes.
Sesabamisad, saproceso uflebamonacvlis adgils,
nacvlad Tavdapirveli mflobel-mosarClisa, daikavebs piri, romelsac am Tavdapirvelma mflobel-mosarClem dauTmo moTxovna.
d) valis gadacema. valis gadacema (gadakisreba)
gaTvaliswinebulia sk 203-e muxliT, romlis Tanaxmad,
moTxovnis mflobelTan dadebuli xelSekrulebiT vali SeiZleba Tavis Tavze aiRos mesame pirmac. aseT SemTxvevaSi piri, romelmac Tavis Tavze aiRo vali, daikavebs Tavdapirveli movalis adgils. es imas niSnavs, rom
Tu Tavdapirveli movale gvevlineba saqmeSi mopasuxed, valis gadakisrebis SemTxvevaSi mis saproceso uflebamonacvled mogvevlineba piri, romelsac gadaeca
(gadaekisra) vali.
es CamonaTvali araa amomwuravi. magaliTad, uflebamonacvleobis aucilebloba SeiZleba warmoiSvas sadavo nivTis gasxvisebis (gayidvis) SemTxvevaSi.
_ uflebamonacvleoba gansxvavdeba procesSi arasaTanado mxaris Secvlisagan: arasaTanado mxare _ es
iseTi piria, romelic ar aris sadavo samarTlebrivi
urTierTobis subieqti. amitom, mas ara aqvs moTxovnis ufleba, agreTve man ar unda agos pasuxi mis mimarT
aRZrul moTxovnaze. uflebamonacvleobis dros ki piriqiT xdeba: Tavdapirveli mxare iyo saTanado mxare,
radgan igi iyo samarTlebrivi urTierTobis subieqti
da mxolod imis Sedegad, rom misi adgili am samarTlebriv urTierTobaSi daikava (kanoniT dadgenili safuZvlebiTa da wesiT) sxva pirma, Sesabamisad, es sxva
piri ikavebs mis adgils samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoebaSi (saproceso uflebamonacvleoba).
_ saproceso uflebamonacvleobis safuZvelia uflebamonacvleoba materialur samarTalSi, rodesac materialuri samarTlis normebis mixedviT, dasaS177
vebia samarTlebriv urTierTobaSi uflebebisa da movaleobebis subieqtebis Secvla, rodesac axali subieqti mTlianad an nawilobriv iRebs Tavis Tavze Tavisi winamorbedis uflebebs an movaleobebs.
Tu uflebamonacvleoba materialuri samarTlis mixedviT dauSvebelia, maSin dauSvebelia saproceso uflebamonacvleobac. magaliTad, Tu gardaicvala piri, romelic samuSaoze aRdgenas moiTxovda, saqmis warmoeba Sewydeba, radgan dauSvebelia am
uflebis sxva pirze gadasvla. aseve, dauSvebelia alimentis gadaxdevinebis uflebis gadasvla sxva pirze
da a. S. magaliTad, sk 453-e muxlis Tanaxmad, movalis
gardacvaleba iwvevs valdebulebis Sewyvetas, Tu Sesruleba SeuZlebelia misi piradi monawileobis gareSe. aseve, kreditoris gardacvalebac iwvevs valdebulebis Sewyvetas, Tu Sesruleba gaTvaliswinebuli iyo
piradad kreditorisaTvis.
_ saproceso uflebamonacvleoba dasaSvebia procesis nebismier stadiaze, kerZod:
a) sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebidan gadawyvetilebis
gamotanamde;
b) gadawyvetilebis gamotanidan mis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde;
g) gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan mis
aRsrulebamde.
2. uflebamonacvles ar SeuZlia moiTxovos im saproceso moqmedebis xelmeored (ganmeorebiT) Sesruleba, romelic misma winamorbedma Seasrula. magaliTad, mas ar SeuZlia moiTxovos mowmeTa ganmeorebiT
gamoZaxeba da dakiTxva, agreTve, saproceso vadis Tavidan aTvla, Tu es vada gaSvebuli iyo jer kidev misi
winamorbedis sicocxleSi an iuridiuli piris reorganizaciamde. magaliTad, Tu uflebamonacvleoba warmoiSva gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg, e. i. winamorbedis gardacvalebamde an iuridiuli
piris reorganizaciamde, maSin uflebamonacvles ar
SeuZlia gaasaCivros es gadawyvetileba, magram, Tu uf178
lebamonacvleoba warmoiSva gadawyvetilebis gamotanisTanave, magram mis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde, uflebamonacvles SeuZlia gaasaCivros es gadawyvetileba (ganCineba).
_ uflebamonacvlis winamorbedis mier Sesrulebuli yvela saproceso moqmedeba iTvleba Sesrulebulad uflebamonacvlis mier. magaliTad, Tu misma winamorbedma Secvala sarCelis sagani da nacvlad mopasuxis binidan gamosaxlebisa, misgan moiTxova binis qiris
gadaxda, uflebamonacvle ver ityvis uars aseT Secvlaze, magram, Tu mis winamorbeds aqvs ufleba uari
Tqvas mis mier Sesrulebul saproceso moqmedebaze,
maSin aseTive ufleba aqvs uflebamonacvlesac. magaliTad, uflebamonacvles SeuZlia uari Tqvas winamorbedis mier Setanil saapelacio (sakasacio) saCivarze,
radgan winamorbedsac hqonda aseTi ufleba (ssk 378-e
muxli).
3. Tu uflebamonacvleobis aucilebloba warmoiSva gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde(saqmis pirvel, saapelacio Tu sakasacio instanciaSi ganxilvis dros), maSin sasamarTlom unda SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba (ssk
279-e muxlis à~ qvepunqti), ris Sesaxebac sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba. am ganCinebaSi sasamarTlom unda miuTiTos, rom saqmis warmoeba SeCerebulia uflebamonacvlis dadgenamde, magram uflebamonacvlis
dadgeniT yovelTvis ver moxdeba SeCerebuli saqmis
ganaxleba.
_ kerZod, Tu sakiTxi Seexeba mosarCelis uflebamonacvles, maSin man unda mimarTos sasamarTlos gancxadebiT, raTa dauSvas igi saqmeSi rogorc mosarCelis uflebamonacvle. manve unda warudginos sasamarTlos uflebamonacvleobis damadasturebeli mtkicebulebebi (samkvidro mowmoba, moTxovnis daTmobis Sesaxeb xelSekruleba, valis gadakisrebis Sesaxeb xelSekruleba, iuridiuli piris reorganizaciis damadasturebeli dokumentebi da a. S).
_ Tu sakiTxi Seexeba mopasuxes, maSin mosarCelem
179
an TviTon mopasuxis uflebamonacvlem unda mimarTos

sasamarTlos Sesabamisi gancxadebiT. maT sasamarTlos
unda warudginon uflebamonacvleobis damadasturebeli sabuTebi. Tu mosarCelis mier dasaxelebuli mopasuxis uflebamonacvle uaryofs Tavis uflebamonacvleobas, man es uaryofa unda daadasturos.
_ apelantis Tu kasatoris uflebamonacvlis dasaxelebiT da SeCerebuli saapelacio Tu sakasacio warmoebis ganaxlebiT SeiZleba dainteresebuli iyos mowinaaRmdege (saapelacio Tu sakasacio mopasuxe) mxarec. magaliTad, mosarCelem moigo procesi da mas miekuTvna is sikeTe, rasac moiTxovda (raime nivTi, fuladi Tanxa, binaSi Sesaxleba da a. S.). mopasuxem Seitana saapelacio (sakasacio) saCivari, magram sanam sasamarTlo am saCivars ganixilavda, apelanti (kasatori)
gardaicvala. imis gamo, rom am SemTxvevaSi saCivari
aris faqtobrivad da iuridiulad sruliad uperspeqtivo, apelantis (kasatoris) uflebamonacvle saerTod ar aris dainteresebuli ganaxldes saqmis ganxilva. is mxolod cdilobs, rom gaWianurdes am saqmis saboloo gadawyveta. mowinaaRmdege mxare ki piriqiT _
dainteresebulia am saqmis ganxilviTa da gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi SesvliT. amitom, apelantis Tu
kasatoris mowinaaRmdege mxare TviTon atyobinebs saapelacio (sakasacio) sasamarTlos, rom man ganaaxlos
SeCerebuli saapelacio (sakasacio) warmoeba, vinaidan
ukve gamovlinda uflebamonacvle.
_ Tu uflebamonacvled gvevlineba ramdenime piri, maSin yoveli maTgani unda iqnen saqmeSi Cabmuli.
_ uflebamonacvlis dadgenis Semdeg, sasamarTlom
unda ganaaxlos saqme, ris Sesaxebac gamoaqvs ganCineba. man unda acnobos uflebamonacvles saqmis ganxilvis Sesaxeb da miuTiTos im Sedegebze, rac SeiZleba moyves mis gamoucxadeblobas.
_ SeCerebuli saqmis ganaxlebis Semdeg, saqmis ganxilva Tavidan ar daiwyeba, aramed gagrZeldeba im
etapidan, romel etapzec SeCerda misi warmoeba.
180
_ gadawyvetilebis kanonieri Zala vrceldeba uflebamonacvleze, magram Tu uflebamonacvleoba warmoiSva am gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis
Semdeg _ aRsrulebis stadiaze, maSin es sakiTxi SeiZleba mogvardes gadawyvetilebis ganmartebis wesiT
(ssk 262-e muxli).
_ uflebamonacvleobis dadgenamde saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana (ssk 282-e muxli).
_ uflebamonacvlis dadgenis gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganCinebaze kerZo
saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba.
rac Seexeba sasamarTlos ganCinebas ulebamonacvliT mxaris Secvlaze an aseT Secvlaze uarisTqmis
Sesaxeb - masze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.
181
T a v i
XII
warmomadgenloba sasamarTloSi
muxli 93. saqmis warmoeba
warmomadgenlis meSveobiT
1. moqalaqeebs SeuZliaT saqme awarmoon
sasamarTloSi piradad, xolo iuridiul pirebs an sxva organizaciebs _ im Tanamdebobis piris meSveobiT, romelsac wesdebiT an
debulebiT SeuZlia am iuridiuli pirisa
Tu organizaciis saxeliT imoqmedos.
2. mxareebs SeuZliaT agreTve saqme awarmoon sasamarTloSi warmomadgenlis meSveobiT. saqmis warmoeba warmomadgenlis meSveobiT ar arTmevs uflebas mxareebs TviTonac piradad miiRon monawileoba saqmeSi.
1. ssk 93-e muxlis pirvel nawilSi damkvidrebulia
principi, romlis Tanaxmad, mxareebs SeuZliaT saqme
awarmoon sasamarTloSi piradad anu warmomadgenlis
gareSe. es imas niSnavs, rom saqarTvelos samoqalaqo
saproceso kanonmdebloba ar iTvaliswinebs warmomadgenlis meSveobiT saqmis warmoebis savaldebulobas.
fizikuri piri piradad awarmoebs saqmes, Tu mas ar
hyavs warmomadgeneli.
aseve, iuridiuli piri piradad awarmoebs saqmes,
rodesac saqmes awarmoebs kanoniT an wesdebiT am iuridiuli piris warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosilebiT
aRWurvili Tanamdebobis piri. magaliTad, mewarmeTa
Sesaxeb kanonis 56.3-e muxlis Tanaxmad, `saaqcio sazogadoebas sasamarTloSi da sxva urTierTobebSi warmoadgenen direqtorebi~. aseT da sxva analogiur SemTxvevebSi iTvleba, rom iuridiuli pirebi (kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi sxva organizaciebic) sa182
samarTloSi saqmes awarmoeben piradad warmomadgenlis gareSe.

2. ssk 93-e muxlis meore nawiliT ganmtkicebulia
principi, romlis Tanaxmad, mxareebs SeuZliaT saqme
awarmoon sasamarTloSi warmomadgenlis meSveobiT.
_ warmomadgeneli _ es aris piri, romelic marwmuneblis saxeliT da misi interesebis Sesabamisad
asrulebs sasamarTloSi yvela im saproceso moqmedebas, rac gaTvaliswinebulia kanoniT da marwmuneblis mier gacemuli mindobilobiT.
_ warmomadgenloba daiSveba uklebliv yvela saqmeze, romelic sasamarTlos eqvemdebareba uwyebrivad, agreTve, yvela saxis (sasarCelo, gamartivebuli,
udavo) samarTalwarmoebis da administraciul-samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan warmoSobili saqmeebis ganxilvisas.
_ warmomadgenlis meSveobiT saqmis warmoeba SeuZliaT mxareebs _ mosarCeles, mopasuxes, mesame pirs
damoukidebeli moTxovniT, agreTve, mesame pirs damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe.
mxareebSi igulisxmeba ara marto fizikuri, aramed
iuridiuli pirebi da organizaciebi, romlebic Tumca
ar arian iuridiuli pirebi, magram kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi SeuZliaT gamovidnen mxareebad
procesSi (ssk 79-e muxli).
aqedan gamomdinare, iTvleba, rom iuridiuli piri
mxolod maSin awarmoebs saqmes warmomadgenlis meSveobiT, rodesac am iuridiuli piris mindobilobiT saqmis warmoeba mindobili aqvs advokats an sxva pirs (magaliTad, organizaciis TanamSromels), romelsac SeuZlia ssk 94-e muxlis Tanaxmad awarmoos sxvisi saqme
sasamarTloSi (ssk 94-e muxli).
183
muxli 94. pirebi, romlebic SeiZleba

iyvnen warmomadgenlebad
sasamarTloSi
sasamarTloSi mxareebis warmomadgenlebad SeiZleba iyvnen:
a) advokatebi;
b) saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organos,
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis an
mmarTvelobis organos, organizaciebis
TanamSromlebi - am organoebisa da organizaciebis saqmeebze;
g) erT-erTi Tanamonawile danarCen TanamonawileTa davalebiT;
d) sxva qmedunariani pirebi - mxolod
pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi.
1. ssk 94-e muxli Seicavs im pirTa CamonaTvals, romlebic SeiZleba gamovidnen warmomadgenlebad sasamarTloSi. aqedan gamomdinare, yvelaferi, rac warmomadgenlis uflebamosilebis moculobas gansazRvravs,
mTlianad vrceldeba am muxlSi CamoTvlil nebismier
warmomadgenelze (ssk 98-e muxli).
_ advokatebad iwodebian pirebi, romlebic gawevrianebuli arian advokatTa asociaciaSi, Seyvanili arian advokatTa erTian siaSi, dadebuli aqvT fici advokatTa asociaciis aRmasrulebeli sabWos winaSe da miRebuli aqvT saadvokato saqmianobis uflebis damadasturebeli mowmoba (àdvokatTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-13 muxli).
_ organizaciebis warmomadgenlebad xSirad gamodian am organizaciebis iuristebi, Tumca aseT warmomadgenlad SeiZleba gamovides organizaciis nebismieri TanamSromeli. organizaciis warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosilebiT aRWurvili Tanamdebobis pirisgan gansxvavebiT, rogoricaa, magaliTad, direqtori an
erT-erTi damfuZnebeli partniori da a. S. (ssk 93-e mux184
li), organizaciis TanamSromlebs sWirdebaT mindobiloba, romelic damowmebuli unda iyos am organizaciis warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosilebiT aRWurvili
piris an organos mier (ssk 96-e muxli).
_ Tanamonawile SeiZleba iyos sxva TanamonawileTa
warmomadgeneli mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu arsebobs
am sxva (danarCen) TanamonawileTa Tanxmoba amis Sesaxeb (ssk 86-e muxli), rac gaformebuli da dadasturebulia kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (ssk 96-e muxli).
_ fizikuri Tu iuridiuli piris warmomadgenlad
pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi SeiZleba gamovides
nebismieri qmedunariani piri. garda qmedunarianobisa, aq raime sxva moTxovnebi gaTvaliswinebuli ar aris
es imas niSnavs, rom ar moiTxoveba umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebac ki, rac esoden aucilebelia marwmuneblis kanonieri interesebis warmatebulad dacvisaTvis.
qmedunarianad iTvleba yoveli piri, romelic kanoniT dadgenili wesiT aRiarebuli ar aris qmeduunarod sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebiT (ssk 322 da 326-e muxlebi).
_ amasTan erTad, sasamarTlos SeuZlia ar dauSvas piri warmomadgenlad, Tu miiCnevs, rom mas ar
gaaCnia sakmarisi monacemebi imisaTvis, rom daicvas
mxaris uflebebi (ssk 97-e muxli). aseT `sakmaris monacemebSi,~ sxvadasxva garemoebebTan erTad, igulisxmeba, agreTve, warmomadgenlad arCeuli piris fsiqikuri mdgomareoba, romelic marTalia ar aris aRiarebuli sasamarTlos mier qmeduunarod, magram aSkaraa, rom igi ver uwevs angariSs Tavis moqmedebas da
ar Seswevs unari gaiTvaliswinos am moqmedebis SesaZlo Sedegebi.
185
muxli 95. pirebi, romlebic ar

SeiZleba iyvnen warmomadgenlebad
sasamarTloSi
sasamarTloSi warmomadgenlebad ar SeiZleba iyvnen mosamarTle, gamomZiebeli da
prokurori, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac
isini procesSi gamodian mSoblebad (mSvileblebad), meurveebad, mzrunvelebad an
Sesabamisi organos warmomadgenlebad.
_ es muxli Seicavs im pirTa amomwurav CamonaTvals,
romlebic ar SeiZleba gamovidnen warmomadgenlebad
sasamarTloSi. es imas niSnavs, rom warmomadgenlisa da
mosamarTlis, warmomadgenlisa da prokuroris, agreTve, warmomadgenlisa da gamomZieblis funqciebis SeTavseba ar SeiZleba.
_ es muxli aseve amomwuravad gansazRvravs iseT SemTxvevebs, rodesac masSi CamoTvlili pirebi SeiZleba,
rogorc gamonaklisi, gamovidnen warmomadgenlebad.
kerZod, mosamarTle SeiZleba gamovides Tavisi sasamarTlos warmomadgenlad, roca es sasamarTlo procesSi gamodis mxared, prokurori an gamomZiebeli SeiZleba gamovides Tavisi prokuraturis an momkvlevi
organos warmomadgenlad, roca es prokuratura an
momkvlevi organo procesSi gamodis mxared.
_ kanonier warmomadgenlebad, e. i. mSoblebad (mSvileblebad), meurveebad, mzrunvelebad, aRniSnuli pirebi SeiZleba gamovidnen nebismier SemTxvevaSi.
_ mosamarTlis, prokuroris, gamomZieblis warmomadgenlad ardaSvebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs
ganCineba, romelic ar gasaCivrdeba.
muxli 96. warmomadgenlis

uflebamosilebis gaformeba
1. warmomadgenlis uflebamosileba unda
186
Camoyalibdes kanonis Sesabamisad gacemul

da gaformebul mindobilobaSi. moqalaqeTa mier gacemuli mindobilobebi unda damowmdes sanotaro wesiT an im organizaciis mier, sadac muSaobs an swavlobs marwmunebeli, stacionaruli samkurnalo dawesebulebis administraciis mier, sadac moqalaqe samkurnalod imyofeba, Sesabamisi
samxedro nawilis mier, Tu mindobilobas
samxedro mosamsaxure gascems. sapatimroSi
myofi piris mier gacemul mindobilobas
daamowmebs Sesabamisi sapatimro adgilis
administracia.
2. mindobilobas organizaciis saxeliT
gascems Sesabamisi organizaciis xelmZRvaneli an sxva uflebamosili piri.
3. advokatis uflebamosileba dasturdeba advokatTa Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanoniT dadgenili wesiT.
ssk 96-e muxli kategoriulad moiTxovs warmomadgenlis uflebamosilebis kanoniT dadgenili wesiT gaformebas. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu warmomadgenlis uflebamosileba ar aris gaformebuli am wesis dacviT,
sasamarTlo ar dauSvebs mas warmomadgenlad.
1. ssk 96-e muxlis pirveli nawili amomwuravad gansazRvravs, Tu romel organos da ra pirobebis arsebobisas SeuZlia daamowmos mindobiloba sasamarTloSi
saqmis warmoebaze. cxadia, es ar arTmevs mxares uflebas sanotaro wesiT daamowmos mindobiloba nebismier
pirobebsa da SemTxvevaSi.
mindobiloba sasamarTloSi saqmis warmoebaze SeuZlia gasces rogorc kerZo, ise sajaro iuridiul pirsa
da organizacias. mindobilobaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos
im piris Tanamdeboba, saxeli da gvari, romelmac daamowma mindobiloba, agreTve, misi xelmowera da min-
187
dobilobaze dasmuli unda iyos Sesabamisi organizaciis beWedi.

2. mxareebad procesSi SeiZleba gamovidnen rogorc
fizikuri, ise iuridiuli pirebi (organizaciebi). ssk
96-e muxlis me-2 nawils mxedvelobaSi aqvs iseTi SemTxvevebi, rodesac mxared gvevlineba organizacia da
igi mindobilobas gascems swored am organizaciis saxeliT da misi saqmis sawarmoeblad sasamarTloSi.
_ mindobilobis gareSe sasamarTloSi SeiZleba gamovides organizaciis Tanamdebobis piri, romelic kanoniT Tu wesdebiT aRWurvilia warmomadgenlobiTi
uflebamosilebiT. magaliTad, `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ kanonis 56.3 muxlis Tanaxmad, saaqcio sazogadoebas sasamarTloSi warmoadgenen direqtorebi. es imas niSnavs, rom, Tu mxared sasamarTloSi gvevlineba saaqcio sazogadoeba, maSin mis direqtors ar sWirdeba specialuri mindobiloba. sakmarisia man sasamarTlos warudginos misi direqtorobis damadasturebeli dokumenti. Tu iuridiul pirs hyavs ara erTi, aramed ramdenime direqtori an xelmZRvaneli, romlebic aRWurvili arian erTnairi da Tanabari warmomadgenlobiTi
uflebamosilebiT da maT Soris ar aris gamijnuli uflebamosilebebi, maSin isini valdebulni arian gascen
specialuri uflebamosileba erT-erT maTganze, Tu
surT, rom warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosileba am
erT-erTma maTganma ganaxorcielos sasamarTloSi.
_ Tu iuridiuli piris wesdebis Tanaxmad, warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosilebiT aRWurvilia erT-erTi
xelmZRvaneli piri (erT-erTi partniori, erT-erTi direqtori, roca ramdenime direqtoria), sasamarTlos
unda waredginos dokumenti, romelic adasturebs am
piris uflebamosilebas sasamarTloSi warmomadgenlobaze. aseT dokumentad SeiZleba gamodges wesdebidan amonaweri.
_ erTmaneTisagan unda ganvasxvavoT kanoniT an wesdebiT warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosilebiT aRWur-
188
vili pirisa da iuridiuli piris (organizaciis) TanamSromlis warmomadgenloba sasamarTloSi.

iuridiuli piris (organizaciis) uflebebis dasacavad sasamarTloSi xSirad gamodian am organizaciebis iuristebi da sxva TanamSromlebi. maT unda warudginon sasamarTlos mindobiloba am organizaciis
saxeliT, romelsac gascems warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosilebiT aRWurvili Tanamdebobis piri, xolo misi
ararsebobisas _ kolegiuri organo, romelic aseTi uflebamosilebiTaa aRWurvili kanoniT an wesdebiT.
3. rac Seexeba advokatis, e. i. im piris uflebamosilebas, romelsac àdvokatTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoni uwodebs advokats, igi SeiZleba gaformdes im wesiT, romelsac iTvaliswinebs es kanoni. aRniSnuli kanonis me-19 muxlis Tanaxmad, advokatma sasamarTlos
unda warudginos saadvokato saqmianobis uflebis damadasturebeli mowmoba, agreTve, klientis mier masze gacemuli dokumenti _ mindobiloba an orderi.
_ sasamarTlo praqtikaSi wamoiWra Semdegi sakiTxi:
SeuZlia Tu ara mxares sasamarTlos winaSe Tavisi zepiri gancxadebiTa da sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmSi misi
SetaniT daadasturos warmomadgenlis uflebamosileba?
am kiTxvaze uaryofiTad unda vupasuxoT. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdebloba yvela
SemTxvevaSi moiTxovs saTanadod gaformebul mindobilobas.
_ sasamarTlom yovelTvis yuradRebiT unda Seamowmos, ramdenad sworad da kanonis moTxovnaTa dacviTaa Sedgenili da gaformebuli mindobiloba. arasworad Sedgenili mindobiloba SeiZleba gaxdes calkeul saproceso moqmedebaTa da gadawyvetilebaTa gauqmebis safuZveli.
189
muxli 97. sasamarTlos uari im piris

warmomadgenlad daSvebaze, romelic
ar aris advokati
1. sasamarTlos SeuZlia uari Tqvas im
piris procesSi warmomadgenlad daSvebaze, romelic ar aris advokati, Tu miiCnevs, rom am ukanasknels ar gaaCnia sakmarisi monacemebi imisaTvis, rom warmoadginos mxare da daicvas misi uflebebi.
2. is moqmedebebi, romlebic saproceso
warmomadgenelma gadayenebamde awarmova,
ZalaSi rCeba.
3. sasamarTlos ganCinebaze im piris warmomadgenlad daSvebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, romelic ar aris advokati, SeiZleba
kerZo saCivris Setana.
1. am muxliT dadgenili wesi emsaxureba mxaris uflebis realurad dacvis interesebs: Tu sasamarTlosaTvis aSkaraa, rom mxaris mier warmomadgenlad SerCeuli piri ver daicavs mis uflebebs, mas SeuZlia uari Tqvas am piris warmomadgenlad daSvebaze.
aseTi uaris Tqma SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos imiT,
rom warmomadgenels ar gaaCnia sakmarisi codna da gamocdileba sasamarTloSi saqmis warmoebisaTvis, an kidev imiT, rom igi, kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebiT, gamoyvanilia advokatTa erTiani siidan mis mimarT gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis gamotanis gamo, an imis
gamo, rom igi ar akmayofilebs Sesabamis moTxovnebs,
rac gaTvaliswinebulia àdvokatTa Sesaxeb~ kanonis
me-10 da me-14 muxlebiT.
ssk 97-e muxlis pirvel nawils mxedvelobaSi hyavs
mxolod iseTi pirebi, romlebic ar arian advokatebi,
radgan igulisxmeba, rom advokatebs gaaCniaT sakmarisi monacemebi awarmoon saqme sasamarTloSi da daicvan mxaris uflebebi.
190
2. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac warmomadgenlis arakompetenturoba gairkva mas Semdeg, roca man ukve Seasrula garkveuli saproceso moqmedebebi, es Sesrulebuli moqmedebebi ZalaSi rCeba am warmomadgenlis daSvebaze uarisTqmis Semdegac.
3. aseTi ganCineba sasamarTlom SeiZleba miiRos maSinve, rogorc ki mas waredgineba piris warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosilebis damadasturebeli dokumenti, agreTve saqmis warmoebis nebismier stadiaze. aRniSnuli ganCineba SeiZleba miRebul iqnes mxareTa Setyobinebis gareSe, xolo Tu aseTi ganCineba miRebulia
sasamarTlo sxdomaze maSin igi unda aisaxos sxdomis
oqmSi.
aseTi ganCinebis Sesaxeb unda ecnobos mxares, visi
uflebamosilebiTac gamodioda gadayenebuli warmomadgeneli, agreTve, TviT gadayenebul warmomadgenelsac.
amave ganCinebiT mxares unda ganemartos, rom mas
SeuZlia TviTon awarmoos saqme, an miandos saqmis warmoeba sxva warmomadgenels, risTvisac sasamarTlo
uniSnavs mas vadas da afrTxilebs, rom Tu am vadaSi ar
iqneba mis mier SerCeuli warmomadgeneli, sasamarTlo gaagrZelebs saqmis ganxilvas.17
piris warmomadgenlad daSvebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelzec SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana

uflebamosileba
1. uflebamosileba sasamarTloSi saqmis
warmoebis Sesaxeb uflebas aZlevs warmomadgenels marwmuneblis saxeliT Seasrulos yvela saproceso moqmedeba, garda
17
ix. saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 2004 wlis 16

Tebervlis gadawyvetileba.
191
sarCelis aRZvrisa, arbitraJisaTvis saqmis

gadacemisa, sasarCelo moTxovnaze mTlianad an nawilobriv uaris Tqmisa, sarCelis
cnobisa, sarCelis sagnis Secvlisa, morigebisa, sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebisa, saaRsrulebo furclis gadasaxdevineblad wardgenisa, mikuTvnebuli qonebis an
fulis miRebisa, warmomadgenlis uflebamosileba am muxlSi aRniSnuli TiToeuli
moqmedebis SesrulebisaTvis specialurad
unda iqnes aRniSnuli marwmuneblis mier
gacemul mindobilobaSi.
2. mxaris mier uflebamosil pirs SeuZlia calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba miandos sxva advokats an mis TanaSemwes.
1. ssk 98-e muxli Seicavs im saproceso moqmedebaTa
amomwurav CamonaTvals, romelTa Sesrulebis uflebac ara aqvs warmomadgenels specialuri mindobilobis gareSe. es imas niSnavs, rom warmomadgenels mindobilobaSi specialuri miTiTebis gareSe SeuZlia Seasrulos yvela sxva saproceso moqmedeba, romelTa Sesruleba SeuZlia TviTon marwmunebels (ssk 83-e muxlis pirveli nawili).
maSasadame, warmomadgenloba avtomaturad, e. i.
specialuri miTiTebis gareSe, aniWebs uflebas warmomadgenels Seasrulos yvela saproceso moqmedeba,
garda am muxlis pirvel nawilSi CamoTvlili moqmedebebisa, romelebic ukavSirdeba marwmuneblis mier misi materialur-samarTlebrivi uflebis gankargvas
(dispoziciurobis principi) da amitom, maT Sesaxeb
specialurad unda iyos aRniSnuli mindobilobaSi.
aqedan gamomdinare, Tu warmomadgenelma specialuri mindobilobis gareSe Seasrula iseTi saproceso
moqmedeba, romelic amgvar mindobilobas moiTxovs,
aseTi moqmedeba araviTar samarlebriv Sedegs ar war192
moSobs. magaliTad, Tu warmomadgenelma cno sarCeli,

an uari Tqva masze, an kidev Tu saqme daamTavra morigebiT da a. S. misi aseTi moqmedeba ar warmoSobs raime
Sedegs, xolo Tu sasamarTlom mas aseTi Sedegi daukavSira, aseTi sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba (ganCineba)
usaTuod unda gauqmdes dainteresebuli piris moTxovniT. praqtikaSi zogjer gvxvdeba SemTxveva, rodesac warmomadgeneli saapelacio an sakasacio wesiT asaCivrebs gadawyvetilebas, Tumca mindobilobaSi ar aris
miTiTebuli misi aseTi uflebamosilebis Sesaxeb.
aseTi saCivari, rogorc dauSvebeli, ganuxilvelad
unda datovos Sesabamisma sasamarTlom, Tu warmomadgenels ar mieca vada xarvezis Sesavsebad. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom aseTi arauflebamosili piris mier saCivris Setana avtomaturad ver SeaCerebs gasaCivrebis vadis denas.
nebismieri instanciis sasamarTlom zedmiwevniT yuradRebiT unda Seamowmos warmomadgenlis uflebamosilebis farglebi.
2. ssk 98-e muxlis meore nawili uflebas aniWebs warmomadgenels calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba miandos sxva advokats an mis TanaSemwes.
am uflebis ganxorcielebis mizniT, warmomadgenelma aucileblad unda misces mindobiloba sxva
advokats im saproceso moqmedebaze miTiTebiT, romelic man unda Seasrulos. aseTi mindobiloba iqneba safuZveli sasamarTlosaTvis, raTa dauSvas igi aRniSnuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesasruleblad.
ssk 98-e muxlis me-2 nawilSi laparakia calkeul saproceso moqmedebaze da ara saqmis warmoebaze mTlianad. es imas niSnavs, rom warmomadgenels SeuZlia miandos sxva advokats calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis
Sesruleba gonivrul farglebSi da saamisod Sesabamisi safuZvlis (magaliTad, avadmyofoba, mivlineba, sxva
saqmeze gadaudebeli saproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba da a. S.) arsebobisas.
advokatis TanaSemweze calkeuli saproceso moq193
medebis Sesrulebis gadandoba dasaSvebia mxolod im

pirobiT, Tu realurad iqneba SemoRebuli aseTi Tanamdeboba.

uflebamosilebis Sewyveta
marwmuneblis mier
marwmunebels ufleba aqvs saqmis warmoebis yvela stadiaze gaauqmos Tavis mier
gacemuli mindobiloba da Sewyvitos warmomadgenlis uflebamosileba, ris Sesaxebac igi werilobiT acnobebs sasamarTlosa
da warmomadgenels. mxaris winadadebiT warmomadgenlis uflebamosilebis Sewyveta ar
warmoadgens saqmis warmoebis SeCerebisa Tu
saqmis ganxilvis gadadebis safuZvels. uflebamosilebaSewyvetili warmomadgenlis mier kanonis Sesabamisad Sesrulebuli yvela saproceso moqmedeba inarCunebs mniSvnelobas.
1. marwmunebels SeuZlia motivirebis gareSe gaauqmos mis mier gacemuli mindobiloba da Sewyvitos
warmomadgenlis uflebamosileba. marwmunebels aseT
SemTxvevaSi evaleba erTaderTi ram _ werilobiT acnobos amis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos da warmomadgenels.
im momentidan, roca sasamarTlos werilobiT ecnoba
warmomadgenlis uflebamosilebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb,
sasamarTlo aRar dauSvebs mas saproceso moqmedebaTa Sesasruleblad. Tu aseTi gancxadeba mxarem gaakeTa saqmis sasamarTlo sxdomaze ganxilvis dros, maSin
es gancxadeba Seitaneba sxdomis oqmSi, razec xeli unda moaweros ganmcxadebelma.
amrigad, warmomadgenlis uflebamosileba Sewyvetilad iTvleba, roca mxare werilobiT mimarTavs
194
sasamarTlos, an roca aseTi gancxadeba gakeTdeba

sasamarTlos mosamzadebel an mTavar sxdomaze.
_ aRniSnul uflebas mxare ver gamoiyenebs saqmis
ganxilvis gaWianurebis mizniT. swored am mosazrebiT xelmZRvanelobs kanonmdebeli, rodesac miuTiTebs, rom mxaris iniciativiT warmomadgenlis uflebamosilebis Sewyveta ver gaxdeba saqmis warmoebis SeCerebisa Tu saqmis ganxilvis gadadebis safuZveli,
e. i. saqmis warmoeba da misi ganxilva unda gagrZeldes
da sasamarTlom ar unda daakmayofilos mxaris Suamdgomloba SeCerebisa Tu gadadebis Sesaxeb (Tu aRiZvreba aseTi Suamdgomloba ). Tu mxares surs aiyvanos
sxva warmomadgeneli, man droulad da yovelgvari gaWianurebis gareSe unda gaakeTos es.
_ marwmuneblis mier warmomadgenlis uflebamosilebis Sewyveta (iseve rogorc saqmis warmoeba warmomadgenlis meSveobiT) aris mxaris sruli ufleba da sasamarTlom yovelTvis unda daakmayofilos misi gancxadeba amis Taobaze. warmomadgenels ara aqvs ufleba gaaprotestos marwmuneblis aseTi moqmedeba.
muxli 100. warmomadgenlis uari

Tavis uflebamosilebaze
warmomadgenels ufleba aqvs saqmis warmoebis yvela stadiaze uari Tqvas Tavis
uflebamosilebaze, ris Sesaxebac droulad unda acnobos rogorc sasamarTlos,
ise mis marwmunebels, raTa am ukanasknelma
SeZlos TviTon miiRos monawileoba procesSi da aiyvanos axali warmomadgeneli.
amis gaTvaliswinebiT sasamarTlo daniSnavs dros, roca warmomadgenels ufleba
aqvs Sewyvitos procesSi monawileoba.
warmomadgenels iseve rogorc marwmunebels, ufleba aqvs calmxrivad da motivirebis gareSe mimar195
Tos sasamarTlos da marwmunebels werilobiTi gancxadebiT Tavis uflebamosilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.
aseTi uari mas SeuZlia ganacxados sasamarTlos sxdomazec, rac Seitaneba sxdomis oqmSi.
_ Tavis uflebamosilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Setana, an sasamarTlos mosamzadebel Tu
mTavar sxdomaze aseTi gancxadebis gakeTeba jer kidev ar niSnavs warmomadgenlis uflebamosilebis Sewyvetas. marTalia, aseTi gancxadeba yovelTvis unda daakmayofilos sasamarTlom, radgan ar SeiZleba vaiZuloT piri gaswios warmomadgenloba, magram dros, roca warmomadgenels ufleba aqvs Sewyvitos procesSi
monawileoba,niSnavs sasamarTlo. dros sasamrTlo
niSnavs im varaudiT, rom marwmunebelma TviTon miiRos monawileoba procesSi an aiyvanos axali warmomadgeneli.
iseTi SemTxvevisagan gansxvavebiT, roca marwmunebeli uars ambobs warmomadgenelze, rac ver gaxdeba
saqmis ganxilvis gadadebis safuZveli, Tu warmomadgenlis mier uflebamosilebaze uaris Tqmas adgili
aqvs sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze, SeiZleba saWiro
gaxdes aRniSnuli sxdomis gadadeba im droiT, rac saWiro iqneba axali warmomadgenlis asayvanad, Tu amis
Sesaxeb survils gamoTqvams marwmunebeli da Tu am
drois manZilze igi ar aiyvans axal warmomadgenels,
sasamarTlos SeuZlia CaTvalos, rom marwmunebeli
(mxare) TviTon, piradad awarmoebs saqmes warmomadgenlis gareSe da ganixilos saqme saerTo wesiT.
muxli 101. kanonieri

warmomadgenlebi
1. qmeduunaro moqalaqis, agreTve SezRuduli qmedunarianobis mqone moqalaqis
uflebebsa da kanoniT dacul interesebs
sasamarTloSi icaven maTi mSoblebi, mSvileblebi, meurveebi da mzrunvelebi, rom196
lebic warudgenen sasamarTlos TavianTi

uflebamosilebis damadasturebel dokumentebs.
2. kanonieri warmomadgenlebi warmosadgen pirTa saxeliT asruleben yvela saproceso moqmedebas, romelTa Sesrulebis
uflebac mikuTvnebuli aqvT warmomdgenT
kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli SezRudvebiT.
3. saqmeSi, romelSic unda monawileobdes kanoniT dadgenili wesiT ugzoukvlod
dakargulad cnobili moqalaqe, mis warmomadgenlad monawileobs piri, romelsac gadaeca samarTavad ugzoukvlod dakarguli
piris qoneba.
4. saqmeSi, romelSic unda monawileobdes gardacvlilis an kanoniT dadgenili
wesiT gardacvlilad cnobili piris memkvidre, Tu memkvidreoba aravis miuRia, memkvidris warmomadgenlad gamodis samkvidro qonebis dacvisa da marTvisaTvis daniSnuli piri.
5. am muxliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi kanonier warmomadgenlebs SeuZliaT
sasamarTloSi saqmis warmoeba miandon advokats, rac ar arTmevs uflebas kanonier
warmomadgenels TviTonac miiRos monawileoba saqmeSi.
yvela fizikuri da iuridiuli piri aRWurvilia saproceso uflebaunarianobiT, e. i. unariT hqondes saproceso uflebebi da movaleobebi. magram yvela pirs
ar gaaCnia unari, Tavisi moqmedebiT ganaxorcielos sasamarTloSi Tavisi uflebebi, maT Soris, daavalos saqmis warmoeba warmomadgenels, e. i. yvela pirs ar gaaCnia saproceso qmedunarianoba.
imis Taobaze, Tu vis SeuZlia gamovides sasamarTloSi aseTi pirebis warmomadgenlebad, izruna TviTon
197
kanonmdebelma. swored amitom ewodeba aseT warmomadgenlebs kanonieri, kanonismieri warmomadgenlebi.

1. romeli pirebi ganekuTvnebian qmeduunaro, agreTve, SezRuduli qmedunarianobis mqone pirebs? am
kiTxvaze pasuxs Seicavs ssk 81-e muxli (ix. am muxlis
komentari).
kanonieri warmomadgenlebis uflebamosilebis specialuri gaformeba ar aris saWiro. maT sasamarTlos
unda warudginon imis damadasturebeli dokumenti,
rom isini arian kanonieri warmomadgenlebi, kerZod,
pasporti, romelSic aris Sesabamisi Canaweri Svilebis
Sesaxeb, mcirewlovanis Tu arasrulwlovanis dabadebis mowmoba, Svilad ayvanis mowmoba, meurveobis Tu
mzrunvelobis damadasturebeli sabuTi. araregistrirebul qorwinebaSi dabadebuli bavSvis kanonieri warmomadgeneli iqneba bavSvis deda, Tu mamoba araa dadgenili, magram Tu mamoba dadgenilia, maSin kanonier
warmomadgenlad SeiZleba gamovides erT-erTi mSobeli.
2. kanonieri warmomadgenlebi sargebloben farTo
saproceso uflebebiT. kanonieri warmomadgenloba,
avtomaturad, specialuri uflebamosilebis gareSe,
aniWebs maT uflebas cnon sarCeli, uari Tqvan sarCelze, daamTavron saqme morigebiT, gaasaCivron sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba, moiTxovon gadawyvetilebis
iZulebiTi aRsruleba da a. S.
amasTan erTad, kanoni Seicavs SezRudvebsac. magaliTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1294-e muxlis Tanaxmad,
meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos winaswari Tanxmobis gareSe meurves ufleba ara aqvs sameurveo piris saxeliT dados garigeba, xolo mzrunvels _ samzrunvelo piris saxeliT daTanxmdes garigebis dadebaze, romelic Seexeba qonebis gasxvisebas, dagiravebas,
Txovebas, sameurveo an samzrunvelo piris kuTvnil
uflebebze uaris Tqmas da a. S.
am mxriv, mTel rig SezRudvebs Seicavs samoqalaqo
kodeqsis 1296-e da 1297-e muxlebi.
198
aq miTiTebuli muxlebis analizidan SeiZleba gavakeToT daskvna, rom sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos meurvisa da mzrunvelis mier sarCelze uaris Tqma, sarCelis cnoba an saqmis morigebiT damTavreba, Tu amis
Sesaxeb ar arsebobs meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebis winaswari Tanxmoba, gamoxatuli werilobiTi
formiT.
kanoniT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebuli SezRudvebis
farglebs gareT, rac qmeduunaro da SezRudulqmedunariani pirebis interesebis dacvisTvisaa gaTvaliswinebuli, kanonier warmomadgenlebs SeuZliaT Seasrulon yvela saproceso moqmedeba, romelTa Sesrulebis ufleba aqvT maT warmomdgenT.
3. ssk 101-e muxlis me-3 da me-4 nawilebiT gansazRvrulia, Tu ra SemTxvevaSi SeuZliaT warmomadgenlebad monawileobdnen procesSi pirebi, romlebsac samarTavad gadaecaT ugzo-ukvlod dakarguli pirebis
qoneba (ssk 320-e muxlis pirveli nawili), agreTve, samkvidro qonebis dacvisa da marTvisaTvis daniSnuli pirebi.
4. marTalia, ssk 101-e muxlis me-5 nawilis mixedviT,
kanonier warmomadgenels SeuZlia saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi miandos advokats, magram am muxliT dadgenili wesi unda gavigoT ufro farTod da aRvniSnoT,
rom mas SeuZlia saqmis warmoeba, garda advokatisa, miandos nebismier pirs, romelic SeiZleba gamovides
procesSi warmomadgenlad (ssk 94-e muxli).
_ sasamarTlo praqtikaSi adgili aqvs SemTxvevebs,
rodesac sarCeli aRiZvris qmeduunaro piris winaaRmdeg an qmeduunaro piris mier, romelsac ara hyavs kanonieri warmomadgeneli. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos TviTon SeuZlia daniSnos droebiTi saproceso
warmomadgeneli (ssk 82-e muxli).
199
kari mesame
sasamarTlo mtkicebulebebi
T a v i
XIII
mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba da Sefaseba

muxli 102. mtkicebis tvirTi.
mtkicebulebaTa dasaSveboba
1. TiToeulma mxarem unda daamtkicos
garemoebani, romlebzedac igi amyarebs Tavis
moTxovnebsa da Sesagebels.
2. am garemoebaTa damtkiceba SeiZleba
TviT mxareTa (mesame pirTa) axsna-ganmartebiT, mowmeTa CvenebiT, werilobiTi Tu
nivTieri mtkicebulebebiTa da eqspertTa
daskvnebiT.
3. saqmis garemoebebi, romlebic kanonis
Tanaxmad unda dadasturdes garkveuli saxis mtkicebulebebiT, ar SeiZleba dadasturdes sxva saxis mtkicebulebebiT.
1. ssk 102-e muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs, Tu
romeli garemoebebi unda damtkicdes samoqalaqo
saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetis mizniT (mtkicebis sagani) da vin, e. i. romelma mxarem unda daamtkicos es
garemoebebi (mtkicebis tvirTi).
_ mtkicebis sagnis gansazRvrisaTvis gadamwyveti
mniSvneloba aqvs sarCels da mopasuxis Sesagebels:
mtkicebis sagans Seadgenen faqtebi, romlebzec mosarCele da mopasuxe amyareben TavianT sasarCelo moTxovnebsa da sarCelis winaaRmdeg mimarTul Sesagebels. kidev ufro mkafiod es pozicia gamokveTilia
200
ssk me-4 muxlis pirvel nawilSi romlis Tanaxmad, mxareebi TviTonve gansazRvraven, Tu romeli faqtebi unda daedos safuZvlad maT moTxovnebs an romeli mtkicebulebebiT unda dadasturdes es faqtebi (ix. am muxlis komentari).
ar aris gamoricxuli, rom mxareebma TavianTi moTxovnebisa Tu Sesageblis dasabuTebisaTvis miuTiTon
iseT faqtebsa da garemoebebze, romlebsac sinamdvileSi araviTari mniSvneloba ar gaaCniaT maTi dasabuTebisaTvis. magaliTad, mosarCele, romelic moiTxovs
mopasuxisagan sesxis saxiT gacemuli Tanxis ukan dabrunebas, am moTxovnas asabuTebs aramarto imiT, rom
man sesxis saxiT namdvilad gadasca garkveuli Tanxa
mopasuxes, romlis dabrunebis vada ukve dadga, aramed imiTac, rom am sesxis dabrunebas misTvis aqvs gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba, radgan aRmoCnda mZime ekonomikur mdgomareobaSi, ris dasadasturebladac igi
Suamdgomlobs sasamrTlos winaSe dakiTxon mowmeebi.
valdebulebis Sesruleba ar aris damokidebuli kreditoris ekonomikur mdgomareobaze. valdebuleba unda Sesruldes, Tu igi namdvilad arsebobs, miuxedavad kreditoris ekonomikuri mdgomareobisa. amitom,
aseTi faqtis damtkicebas ara aqvs mniSvneloba.
aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba gavakeToT daskvna: sasamarTlom konkretul saqmeze mtkicebis sagnis gansazRvris dros unda ixelmZRvanelos mxareTa mier
sarCelisa da Sesageblis dasabuTebisaTvis miTiTebuli faqtebiT, magram Tu am faqtebs Soris aris iseTi
faqtebi, romlebsac kanonis Tanaxmad ara aqvT raime
mniSvneloba am moTxovnebisa da Sesageblis dasabuTebisaTvis, e. i. iuridiulad ver amarTleben am moTxovnebs, sasamarTlom ar unda Seitanos aseTi faqtebi
mtkicebis saganSi da ar unda miiRos mtkicebulebebi
maT dasadastureblad.
_ ssk 102-e muxlis pirveli nawili Seicavs mxareTa
Soris mtkicebis tvirTis (movaleobis) ganawilebis
zogad wess: mosarCelem unda daamtkicos garemoebe201
bi, romlebzec igi amyarebs Tavis moTxovnas, xolo mopasuxem _ garemoebebi, romlebzec igi amyarebs Tavis
Sesagebels.
amrigad, mtkicebis tvirTi erTnairad ekisreba mxareebs da es tvirTi Tanabrad nawildeba maT Soris.
xSirad, miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, Tu romelma mxarem romeli faqtebi unda daamtkicos, gansazRvravs materialur-samarTlebrivi normebi.
magaliTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 158-e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, ivaraudeba, rom nivTis mflobeli aris misi mesakuTre. Tu aramflobelma mesakuTrem aRZra vindikaciuri sarCeli mflobelis mimarT
nivTis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb, maSin man unda daamtkicos,
rom igi aris sadavo nivTis mesakuTre, e. i. am faqtis
mtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba mosarCeles, radgan mopasuxe ivaraudeba mesakuTred. magram, Tu mosarCelem
daamtkica Tavisi sakuTreba sadavo nivTze, maSin mopasuxem unda daamtkicos, rom igi flobs sadavo nivTs
kanonis safuZvelze. samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli prezumfciis (varaudis) saproceso
mniSvneloba mTlianad amoiwureba mxareTa Soris mtkicebis tvirTis ganawilebiT. mtkicebis tvirTis mxareTa Soris ganawileba materialuri samarTlis sxvadasxva institutebidan gamomdinare sarCelebSi, pirdapir an arapirdapir regulirdeba kanoniT, rac saSualebas miscems sasamarTlos zustad gansazRvros, Tu
romeli faqtebi ganekuTvneba sarCelis safuZvelSi
Semaval faqtebs, romlebic mosarCelem unda daamtkicos da romeli faqtebi ganekuTvneba Sesageblis safuZvels, romlebic mopasuxem unda daamtkicos.
magaliTad, mosarCele mopasuxisagan moiTxovs garkveuli Tanxis dakisrebas im safuZvliT, rom man sesxad gadasca mas es Tanxa da dadga misi dabrunebis dro,
magram mopasuxe ar abrunebs Tanxas. mosarCelem unda
daamtkicos sesxis micemis faqti, sesxis dabrunebis
vadis dadgomis faqti, magram igi ar aris valdebuli,
daadasturos mtkicebulebebiT (daamtkicos), rom mo202
pasuxes ar daubrunebia vali. valis dabrunebis faqti,

Tu mopasuxe am faqtze amyarebs Tavis Sesagebels, unda daadasturos mopasuxem. mas ekisreba am faqtis, an
sxva iseTi faqtebis dadasturebis tvirTi, romlebsac SeuZliaT gaaqarwylon mosarCelis moTxovnis safuZvlianoba. es imas niSnavs, rom faqtebis miTiTebis
tvirTi da am faqtebis mtkicebis tvirTi SeiZleba
ar daemTxves erTmaneTs.
2. ssk 102-e muxlis me-2 nawili amomwuravad gansazRvravs mtkicebis saSualebaTa (mtkicebulebaTa) wres.
saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone
faqtebis dasadastureblad SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes aq miTiTebuli mtkicebis nebismieri saSualeba,
garda kanoniT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebuli gamonaklisi SemTxvevebisa.
3. ssk 102-e muxlis me-3 nawili amkvidrebs mtkicebulebaTa dasaSvebobis princips, romlis Tanaxmad, kanoniT gansazRvrul SemTxvevebSi, ama Tu im faqtis dasadastureblad daiSveba ara nebismieri mtkicebuleba, romelic miTiTebulia ssk 102-e muxlis me-2 nawilSi, aramed mxolod zogierTi maTgani. magaliTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 183-e muxlis Tanaxmad, uZravi nivTis SesaZenad aucilebelia sanotaro wesiT damowmebuli sabuTi da SemZenis registracia sajaro reestrSi. aqedan gamomdinare, uZravi nivTis SeZenis faqtis
dadasturebisaTvis SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes mxolod werilobiTi mtkicebuleba. amave kodeqsis 593-e
muxlis Tanaxmad, miwis ijaris xelSekruleba unda daidos werilobiTi formiT. Tu es forma ar aris daculi, maSin ivaraudeba, rom xelSekruleba dadebulia
ganusazRvreli vadiT. aqedan gamomdinare, mxarem, romelic miuTiTebs, rom xelSekruleba dadebulia garkveuli vadiT, sasamarTlos unda warudginos werilobiTi xelSekruleba. sxva saxis mtkicebulebebiT am
faqtis dadastureba dauSvebelia.
203
muxli 103. mtkicebulebaTa

Segroveba
1. mtkicebulebebs sasamarTlos warudgenen mxareebi. sasamarTlos SeuZlia SesTavazos mxareebs warmoadginon damatebiTi mtkicebulebebi.
2. Tu mxareebma ama Tu im mizeziT ver
SeZles mtkicebulebebis uSualod miReba
da sasamarTloSi wardgena, mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT sasamarTlos SeuZlia TviTon gamoiTxovos mtkicebulebebi, visTanac unda
iyos isini.
3. kanonis darRveviT mopovebul mtkicebulebebs iuridiuli Zala ara aqvT.
1. faqtebis mtkicebis tvirTi (movaleoba) ekisrebaT mxareebs. am tvirTisagan gasaTavisufleblad mxareebma sasamarTlos unda warudginon mtkicebulebebi, romelTa safuZvelzec SesaZlebeli iqneba faqtis
dadastureba da romlebsac sasamarTlo utyuarad da
sarwmunod miiCnevs.
ssk 103-e muxlis pirveli nawili Seicavs metad mniSvnelovan debulebas, romlis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlos
SeuZlia SesTavazos mxareebs warmoadginon damatebiTi mtkicebulebebi, ra Tqma unda, Tu maT aseTi mtkicebulebebi gaaCniaT. sasamarTlos mxridan aseTi SeTavazeba unda emsaxurebodes simarTlis garkvevas da
ar unda keTdebodes romelime mxarisaTvis daxmarebis aRmoCenis mizniT (ssk 203-e muxlis pirveli nawili).
2. imisaTvis, rom sasamarTlom TviTon gamoiTxovos
mtkicebuleba, aucilebelia ori pirobis erTdroulad
arseboba: a) mxareebma TviTon ver SeZles mtkicebulebis miReba ama Tu im pirisagan, sul erTia, fizikuri
piri iqneba is Tu iuridiuli. magaliTad, miuxedavad
araerTgzis mcdelobisa, mxarem ver miiRo werilobi204
Ti masalebi ama Tu im saministrodan; b) mxareebma mimarTes sasamarTlos SuamdgomlobiT, rom man gamoiyenos Tavisi avtoriteti da TviTon gamoiTxovos es
mtkicebulebebi.
cxadia, rom mxare, romelic aseTi SuamdgomlobiT
mimarTavs sasamarTlos, valdebulia miuTiTos, Tu
konkretulad romeli faqtis dadasturebisaTvis
sWirdeba mas es mtkicebuleba (ssk104-e muxli).
3. ssk 102-e muxlis me-2 nawilSi CamoTvlili mtkicebulebebi erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli da mtkicebis damoukidebeli saSualebebia. kanoni zustad da
amomwuravad gansazRvravs maTi miRebis, Segrovebisa da Semowmebis wesebs. sasamarTlo valdebulia zustad daicvas es wesebi, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, mtkicebulebas ar SeiZleba raime mniSvneloba mieniWos _
igi ver iqneba gamoyenebuli rogorc mtkicebuleba.
magaliTad, mowme unda gamoiZaxos da dakiTxos saqmis ganmxilvelma sasamarTlom (ssk 145-e muxli), magram Tu mowme dakiTxa TviTon dainteresebulma mxarem an misma warmomadgenelma da dakiTxvis masalebi
warudgines sasamarTlos, es iqneba kanonis darRveviT mopovebuli mtkicebuleba, romelic ar unda miiRos da Seafasos sasamarTlom.

miuRebloba
1. sasamarTlo ar miiRebs, ar gamoiTxovs
an saqmidan amoiRebs mtkicebulebebs, romlebsac saqmisaTvis mniSvneloba ara aqvT.
2. mtkicebulebaTa miuReblobis, gamoTxovaze uaris Tqmis an saqmidan maTi amoRebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs motivirebuli ganCineba, romelic calke ar gasaCivrdeba. magram SeiZleba gasaCivrdes
gadawyvetilebasTan erTad.
205
1. sasamarTlo praqtikaSi xSirad SevxvdebiT saqmeebs, romlebic gadatvirTulia iseTi masalebiT, romlebsac am saqmis gadawyvetisaTvis araviTari mniSvneloba ara aqvT. es drois unayofod xarjvaa da sakmaod
arTulebs sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa dasabuTebulobis Semowmebis SesaZleblobas zemdgomi sasamarTlo instanciebis mier.
sasamarTlom unda miiRos mxolod iseTi mtkicebuleba, romelic saqmes exeba da romelsac SeuZlia daadasturos saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoeba.
_ mtkicebulebaTa gankuTvnadobis principis konkretuli gamovlinebaa wesi, romlis Tanaxmad, werilobiTi sabuTis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobis aRmZvreli piri valdebulia miuTiTos, Tu romeli garemoebis dadgena SeiZleba am mtkicebulebiT (ssk 134-e muxlis me-3 nawili). igive wesia Camoyalibebuli sxva saxis
mtkicebulebaTa mimarT (140-e muxlis me-3 nawili).
_ erTmaneTisagan unda ganvasxvavoT mtkicebulebaTa gankuTvnadoba da mtkicebulebaTa utyaroba
(sarwmunooba). mtkicebulebaTa gankuTvnadoba uzrunvelyofs saWiro da saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone mtkicebulebebis Segrovebas, zedmeti da gamousadegari mtkicebulebebis Segrovebaze da Semowmebaze
drois fuWad xarjvis Tavidan acilebas. gankuTvnadia
mxolod iseTi mtkicebuleba, romelic mimarTulia
saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone ama Tu im garemoebis
dadasturebisaken. sxva sakiTxia, rom gankuTvnadi da
sworad miRebuli mtkicebuleba SemdgomSi Semowmebisa da Sefasebis Sedegad ar aRmoCnda utyuari da sarwmuno. aseT mtkicebulebebs sasamarTlo ver daeyrdnoba ara imitom, rom isini ar aris gankuTvnadi, aramed
imitom, rom isini ar aris sarwmuno da utyuari.
_ sasamarTlos SeuZlia saqmidan amoiRos SecdomiT
miRebuli aragankuTvnadi mtkicebuleba, magram is ver
amoiRebs saqmidan iseT mtkicebulebas, romelic gankuTvnadia, magram ar aris sarwmuno.
2. sasamarTlos ganCinebaSi mtkicebulebis miReba206
ze an gamoTxovaze uaris Tqmis an kidev, SecdomiT miRebuli mtkicebulebis saqmidan amoRebis Sesaxeb, miTiTebuli unda iyos faqtze (faqtebze), romlis dasadasturebladac es mtkicebulebaa wardgenili da romelsac am saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis aranairi
mniSvneloba ara aqvs. magaliTad, sasamarTlom ar miiRo an saqmidan amoiRo mravalricxovani cnobebi, rekomendaciebi da daxasiaTebebi, romlebic marTalia
dadebiTad axasiaTeben mxaris pirovnebas, magram araviTari mniSvneloba ara aqvT im sakiTxis gadasawyvetad, unda daekisros Tu ara am mxares valis gadaxda,
zianis anazRaureba da a. S. mowinaaRmdege mxaris sasargeblod.
muxli 105. mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba

1. sasamarTlosaTvis araviTar mtkicebulebas ara aqvs winaswar dadgenili Zala.
2. sasamarTlo afasebs mtkicebulebebs
Tavisi Sinagani rwmeniT, romelic unda emyarebodes sasamarTlo sxdomaze maT yovelmxriv, srul da obieqtur ganxilvas,
ris Sedegadac mas gamoaqvs daskvna saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebis arsebobis an ararsebobis Sesaxeb.
3. mosazrebebi, romlebic safuZvlad
udevs sasamarTlos Sinagan rwmenas, unda
aisaxos gadawyvetilebaSi.
1. mtkicebis saSualebaTa (mtkicebulebaTa) saxeebi, romlebic SeiZleba gamoiyenos sasamarTlom saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebis dasadgenad,
amomwuravadaa gansazRvruli kanoniT (ssk 102-e muxlis me-2 nawili). arcerT mtkicebulebas ar gaaCnia raime upiratesoba sxva mtkicebulebasTan SedarebiT. arcerT mtkicebulebas ara aqvs, agreTve, winaswar dadgenili Zala sasamarTlosaTvis. erTmaneTisagan unda
207
ganvasxvavoT mtkicebulebaTa dasaSveboba da maTi winaswar dadgenili Zala. dasaSveboba niSnavs mxolod
imas, rom ama Tu im faqtis dasadastureblad daiSveba
ara yvela, aramed mxolod zogierTi mtkicebuleba (ssk
104-e muxlis pirveli nawili). winaswar dadgenili Zala ki niSnavs imas, rom ama Tu im mtkicebulebis mniSvneloba winaswaraa gansazRvruli da misi Zala da mniSvneloba sasamarTlos Sefasebaze ar aris damokidebuli. cxadia, aseTi ram dauSvebelia, radgan igi mTlianad SeuTavsebelia mtkicebulebaTa Tavisufali Sefasebis sayovelTaod aRiarebul principTan. aqedan gamomdinare, dasaSvebi mtkicebuleba SeiZleba
uaryos sasamarTlom, rogorc arasarwmuno.
2. mtkicebulebebs sasamarTlo afasebs Tavisi Sinagani rwmeniT, magram es imas rodi niSnavs, rom saqmeSi
monawile pirebs ar SeuZliaT gamoTqvan TavianTi mosazrebebi maT Sesaxeb. samarTalwarmoeba mimdinareobs SejibrebiTobis safuZvelze da aqedan gamomdinare, mxareebs ufleba aqvT uaryon an gaaqarwylon meore mxaris mier wamoyenebuli moTxovnebi, mosazrebebi
Tu mtkicebulebebi (ssk me-4 muxli). saqmeSi arsebuli
mtkicebulebebis sarwmunoobisa Tu arasarwmunoobis,
maTi utyuarobisa Tu siyalbis Sesaxeb mosazrebebi SeiZleba gamoTqvan aramarto mxareebma, aramed mesame
pirebmac damoukidebeli moTxovniT an aseTi moTxovnis gareSe, agreTve, warmomadgenlebma, specialistebma da eqspertebma, Tu isini monawileoben procesSi.
saqmeSi monawile pirTa mosazrebebi, mniSvnelovania sasamarTlosaTvis, romelic sabolood afasebs
warmodgenil mtkicebulebebs.
_ mtkicebulebaTa Sefasebas sasamarTlo axdens ori
TvalsazrisiT: _ maTi sarwmunoobisa Tu arasarwmunoobis TvalsazrisiT da imisda mixedviT Tu saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone romel
faqts adasturebs es mtkicebuleba.
mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba mosamarTlis Sinagani
rwmeniT ar niSnavs sruliad uangariSgebo daskvne208
bis gakeTebis uflebas. sasamarTlom Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi unda miuTiTos mosazrebaze, ris gamoc man
zogierTi mtkicebuleba cno utyuarad, xolo sxvebi _
arasarwmunod (ssk 249-e muxlis me-4 nawili).
sakasacio sasamarTlo, rogorc wesi, yovelTvis auqmebs gadawyvetilebas, Tu masSi ar aris miTiTebuli ra
mosazrebiT xelmZRvanelobda sasamarTlo, roca saqmeSi arsebuli mtkicebuleba Seafasa ase da ara sxvanairad.18
muxli 106. faqtebi, romlebic ar

saWiroeben mtkicebas
mxareebi Tavisufldebian mtkicebulebaTa warmodgenisagan iseTi faqtebis dasadastureblad, romlebsac Tumca emyareba
maTi moTxovnebi, Tu Sesagebeli, magram damtkicebas ar saWiroeben. esenia:
a) faqtebi, romlebsac sasamarTlo sayovelTaod cnobilad miiCnevs;
b) faqtebi, romlebic dadgenilia erT
samoqalaqo saqmeze sasamarTlos kanonier
ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebiT, Tu sxva
samoqalaqo saqmeebis ganxilvisas igive mxareebi monawileoben;
g) faqtebi imis Sesaxeb, hqonda Tu ara
moqmedebas adgili da Caidina Tu ara es
moqmedeba am pirma, rac dadgenilia sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze gamotanili, kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli sasamarTlos ganaCeniT, roca saqmes ixilavs sasamarTlo im
piris moqmedebis samoqalaqo-samarTlebrivi
Sedegebis Sesaxeb, vis mimarTac gamotanilia ganaCeni.
18
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2002, #8, gv.358, agreTve,
gv.365
209
1. mtkicebis saganSi Semavali yoveli faqti, e. i. faqtebi, romlebic asabuTeben mosarCelis moTxovnas da
mopasuxis Sesagebels, unda damtkicdes, dadasturdes.
gamonakliss am mxriv warmoadgens zogierTi faqti, romelic Tumca Sedis mtkicebis saganSi, radgan asabuTebs,
amarTlebs faqtobrivad mosarCelis moTxovnas an mopasuxis Sesagebels, magram garkveuli mosazrebebis gamo ar saWiroebs damtkicebas da amitom, mxareebi Tavisufldebian mtkicebulebaTa wardgenisagan.
aseTi faqtebis wres ganekuTvneba:
a) sayovelTaod cnobili faqtebi. ar aris aucilebeli, rom faqtis arseboba-ararsebobis Sesaxeb mTelma kacobriobam icodes. faqti SeiZleba cnobili iyos
mTeli qveynis, qalaqis an raionis masStabiT, magaliTad,
miwisZvra, wyaldidoba, omi da a. S. mTavaria, rom faqtis
Sesaxeb icodes aramarto saqmis ganmxilvelma sasamarTlom, aramed adamianTa farTo wremac, raTa zemdgomi
instanciis sasamarTlos SeeZlos faqtis sayovelTaod
cnobilad aRiarebis sisworis Semowmeba.
faqti SeiZleba sayovelTaod cnobilad da maSasadame, dadgenilad CaTvalos zemdgomi instanciis sasamarTlomac, romelic ganixilavs saCivars qvemdgomi instanciis sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaze, romelic emyareba sayovelTaod cnobil faqts.
b) preiudiciulad dadgenili faqtebi iseTi faqtebia, romlebic dadgenilia kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli
sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT, oRond erTi aucilebeli pirobiT _ sxva samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilvaSi igive
pirebi, e. i. igive mosarCele, igive mopasuxe, an igive
mesame piri damoukidebeli moTxovniT monawileobs.
aqedan gamomdinare, Tu erT-erTi mxare mainc sxva piria, gadawyvetilebas ar SeiZleba hqondes preiudiciuli Zala da am gadawyvetilebiT dadgenili faqtebi
ver daedeba safuZvlad sxva saqmeze gamotanil gadawyvetilebas. es imas niSnavs, rom, aseT SemTxvevaSi, igive faqtebi, rac dadgenilia sxva saqmeze adre gamota-
210
nili gadawyvetilebiT, xelmeored unda dadgindes da

dadasturdes.
gadawyvetilebis preiudiciuli Zalis Sesaxeb pirdapiraa miTiTebuli ssk 246-e da 266-e muxlebSi.
sakasacio sasamarTlo yovelTvis auqmebs gadawyvetilebas, Tu sasamarTlom ssk 106-e muxlis `b~
qvepunqtis moTxovnaTa sawinaaRmdegod damtkicebulad ar CaTvala faqtebi, romlebic kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebiTaa dadgenili sxva saqmeze, romelSic igive mxareebi monawileobdnen.19
g) damtkicebas ar saWiroebs sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze gamotanili ganaCeniT dadgenili Semdegi faqtebi:
1. hqonda Tu ara moqmedebas adgili, magaliTad,
xanZars da 2. Caidina Tu ara es moqmedeba im pirma,
romlis mimarT aRZrulia samoqalaqo saqme (magaliTad,
xanZriT miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb) da
vis mimarTac gamotanili iyo ganaCeni.
faqtebs, romlebic dadgenilia ara ganaCeniT, aramed sagamoZiebo organoebis Tu administraciuli aqtebiT, ara aqvT preiudiciuli Zala da isini samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilvis dros dadgenili unda iqnes saerTo wesiT.
muxli 107. sasamarTlo davalebani

1. Tu mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT sasamarTlos mier gamosaTxovi an Sesamowmebeli
mtkicebulebebi sxva qalaqSi an raionSia
da maTi warmodgena Tu Semowmeba saqmis
ganmxilvel sasamarTloSi SeuZlebeli an
Znelia, sasamarTlos SeuZlia dasabuTebuli ganCinebiT mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba
(Semowmeba) daavalos im sasamarTlos, romlisTvisac teritoriulad es ufro mosaxerxebelia.
19
ix.susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003,#10,gv.1718
211
2. sasamarTlo davalebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganCinebaSi mokled unda Camoyalibdes gansaxilveli saqmis Sinaarsi, dasadgeni garemoeba da mtkicebulebani, romlebic unda Seagrovos (Seamowmos) davalebis Semsrulebelma sasamarTlom, agreTve davalebis Sesrulebis vada.
3. sasamarTlo davalebis Sesaxeb ganCinebis Sesruleba savaldebuloa da igi unda
Sesruldes daniSnul vadaSi.
1. sasamarTlo davalebis Sesaxeb ganCineba SeiZleba
gamotanil iqnes mxolod ori pirobis erTdroulad arsebobisas: a) mtkicebuleba, romlis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb
Suamdgomlobs mxare, sxva qalaqSi an raionSia da b) misi
warmodgena (gadmogzavna) Znelia an SeuZlebelia.
sasamarTlo davalebiT SeiZleba moxdes: a) mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlosaTvis maTi Semdgomi gadmogzavnis mizniT (magaliTad,
mowmis dakiTxva, mxareebisgan an mesame pirebisagan axsna-ganmartebis miReba da a. S.); b) mtkicebulebaTa Semowmeba, kerZod, maTi adgilze daTvaliereba.
2. ssk 107-e muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs davalebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganCinebis Sinaarss, magram
imisda mixedviT, Tu rogoria davalebis xasiaTi, ganCinebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos sxva damatebiTi garemoebebic. magaliTad, Tu mxarisagan misaRebia axsnaganmarteba, sasamarTlom Tavis ganCinebaSi unda miuTiTos misi misamarTi, Tu mowmea dasakiTxi, miTiTebuli unda iqnes misi misamarTi, xolo Tu Casatarebelia
adgilze daTvaliereba, ganCinebaSi miTiTebuli unda
iyos mxareTa misamarTebi da a. S.
amrigad, ganCineba sasamarTlo davalebis Sesaxeb
unda Seicavdes yvela im monacems, rac SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes davalebis Sesasruleblad. mxedvelobaSia
misaRebi is garemoeba, rom sasamarTlo davalebis dros
saproceso moqmedebas asrulebs ara is sasamarTlo,
212
romelic ixilavs saqmes, aramed sxva sasamarTlo. sxvagvarad, rom vTqvaT, saproceso moqmedeba, Tu arsebobs amis realuri SesaZlebloba, unda Sesruldes iseve, rogorc mas Seasrulebda saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlo (ssk 108-e muxli).
sasamarTlo davalebiT Sesasrulebeli saproceso
moqmedeba unda Sesruldes davalebis mimcemi sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi. vada ki unda iyos gonivrulad gansazRvruli _ imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu ra
xasiaTisaa Sesasrulebeli saproceso moqmedeba.
3. marTalia, davalebis Sesruleba savaldebuloa,
magram ar aris gamoricxuli, rom sasamarTlo ama Tu im
mizezis gamo ver Seasrulebs am davalebas, an Seasrulebs, magram ara im vadaSi, romelic dauniSna mas davalebis mimcemma sasamarTlom.
Tu sasamarTlo daniSnul droSi an saerTod ver asrulebs davalebas, amis Sesaxeb man droulad unda acnobos davalebis mimcem sasamarTlos, romelic an sxva
sasamarTlos daavalebs saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebas, an TviTon Seasrulebs mas.
muxli 108. sasamarTlo davalebis

Sesrulebis wesi
1. sasamarTlo davalebas mosamarTle asrulebs erTpirovnulad.
2. davalebis Sesrulebis dros Sekrebili yvela masala dauyovnebliv unda gaegzavnos saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTlos. Tu
sasamarTlo davalebiT unda moxdes adgilze daTvaliereba, davalebis Semsrulebeli mosamarTle acnobebs mxareebs adgilze daTvalierebis drosa da adgils,
magram maTi gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs daTvalierebis Catarebas.
3. Tu mxareebi an mowmeebi, romlebmac
axsna-ganmartebebi an Cvenebebi misces da213
valebis Semsrulebel mosamarTles, gamocxaddebian saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTloSi, isini axsna-ganmartebebsa da Cvenebebs
miscemen saerTo wesiT.
1. ssk 108-e muxliT gansazRvrulia sasamarTlo davalebis Sesrulebis wesi. mxolod adgilze daTvalierebis dros evaleba davalebis Semsrulebel mosamarTles acnobos amis Sesaxeb mxareebs. sxva saproceso
moqmedebis Sesrulebis dros, magaliTad, mowmis dakiTxvisas, ssk 108-e muxli ar iTvaliswinebs mxareTa
Setyobinebas. miuxedavad amisa, sasurvelia, rom davalebis Semsrulebelma sasamarTlom yvela saproceso moqmedeba Seasrulos saproceso kanonmdeblobiT
dadgenili wesiT, ra Tqma unda, Tu amis realuri SesaZlebloba arsebobs.
davalebis Semsrulebelma sasamarTlom mxareebis,
mowmeebis, mesame pirebis, specialistebis Tu eqspertebis gamoZaxeba unda awarmoos sasamarTlo uwyebiT,
ssk 70-78-e muxlebis Sesabamisad.
2. davalebis mimcemma, anu saqmis ganmxilvelma sasamarTlom saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis daniSvnis Sesaxeb kanoniT dadgenili wesiT unda acnobos im
pirebsac, romlebmac ukve misces Cveneba Tu axsna-ganmarteba davalebis Semsrulebel sasamarTlos. amis aucilebloba ganpirobebulia imiT, rom maT SeuZliaT axsna-ganmarteba da Cveneba miscen ganmeorebiT da saerTo wesis dacviT.
3. sasamarTlo davalebis micema sazRvargareTis
qveynebis sasamarTloebisaTvis wesrigdeba `saerTaSoriso kerZo samarTlis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis 62-64-e muxlebiT.
214
T a v i
XIV
mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa
muxli 109. Suamdgomloba
mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis
Sesaxeb
1. im pirs, romelsac safuZveli aqvs ifiqros, rom misTvis saWiro mtkicebulebaTa
wardgena SemdgomSi SeuZlebeli an Zneli
gaxdeba, SeuZlia sTxovos sasamarTlos am
mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa.
2. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa dasaSvebia sasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvramdec.
1. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa unda ganvasxvavoT sarCelis uzrunvelyofisagan. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis mizania momavali gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis uzrunvelyofa (ssk 191-e muxli), mtkicebulebaTa
uzrunvelyofis mizani ki saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone faqtis dadgenis uzrunvelyofaa.
_ mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis aucilebloba
SeiZleba sxvadasxva mizezebiT iyos ganpirobebuli
(mag. mowmis xangrZlivi vadiT wasvla mivlinebaSi an samuSaod sxva qveyanaSi), romlebic miTiTebuli unda
iyos dainteresebuli mxaris gancxadebaSi (ssk 112-e
muxlis `g~ qvepunqti).
_ mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa gansxvavdeba sasamarTlo davalebisagan. sasamarTlo davalebiT xdeba mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba da Semowmeba im SemTxvevaSi, roca maTi wardgena da Semowmeba saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTloSi Znelia an SeuZlebelia (ssk 107e muxli).
sasamarTlo davalebis wesiT SeiZleba moxdes mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofac.
215
_ mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa unda moxdes saqmis momzadebis stadiaze. saqmis mTavar sxdomaze arsebiTad ganxilvis dros sasamarTlo isedac valdebulia Seamowmos da Seafasos mtkicebulebebi, Tumca ar
aris gamoricxuli mTavar sxdomazec daisvas es sakiTxi (ssk 111-e muxli), rac sasamarTlom unda ganixilos
da gadawyvitos ssk 215-e muxlis moTxovnaTa dacviT
(ix. am muxlis komentari).
2. Tu mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa unda moxdes
sasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvramde, maSin dainteresebul
pirs SeuZlia gancxadebiT mimarTos im sasamarTlos,
romlis teritoriazec unda Sesruldes saproceso
moqmedeba uzrunvelyofis mizniT, anu im sasamarTlos, romlis teritoriazec imyofeba uzrunvelsayofi mtkicebuleba (ssk 110-e muxli).

uzrunvelyofa sasamarTloSi saqmis
aRZvramde
mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofas sasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvramde axdens im raionis
(qalaqis) mosamarTle an magistrati mosamarTle, romlis teritoriazedac unda
Sesruldes saproceso moqmedeba uzrunvelyofis mizniT (mowmis dakiTxva, nivTier
mtkicebulebaTa daTaliereba da a.S.)
Tu sarCeli aRZrulia sasamarTloSi, maSin dainteresebulma pirma mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb SuamdgomlobiT unda mimarTos saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTlos, romelic TviTon Seasrulebs Sesabamis saproceso moqmedebas, an kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi da wesiT daavalebs sxva sasamarTlos Seasrulos aseTi moqmedeba (ssk 107-e muxli).
magram, Tu mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa unda
moxdes sasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvramde, maSin dainte216
resebul pirs SeuZlia mimarTos im raionis (qalaqis)sasamarTlos an am raionis (qalaqis) magistrat mosamarTles, romlis samoqmedo teritoriazec unda moxdes
saproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba (mag. mowmis dakiTxva, adgilze daTvaliereba da a. S.). sarCelis aRZvris
Semdeg mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis mizniT Sekrebili masalebi gadaegzavneba saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTlos (ssk 116-e muxli). gadagzavna SeiZleba moxdes rogorc mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT, ise sasamarTlos
iniciativiTac.
muxli 111. gancxadeba

Sesaxeb
1. gancxadeba mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos waredgineba werilobiTi formiT. aseTi gancxadebis zepiri formiT wardgena dasaSvebia sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis dros.
2. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb zepiri gancxadebiT aRZruli Suamdgomloba Seitaneba sasamarTlo sxdomis
oqmSi.
1. Tu dainteresebuli piri Suamdgomlobs sasamarTlos winaSe mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Taobaze jer kidev sasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvramde, cxadia,
rom man unda mimarTos sasamarTlos werilobiTi gancxadebiT. man werilobiTi gancxadebiT unda mimarTos
sasamarTlos maSinac, rodesac uzrunvelyofis Taobaze sakiTxi aRiZvris saqmis momzadebis stadiaze.
_ mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gancxadebiT mxarem unda mimarTos sasamarTlos saqmis momzadebis stadiaze. saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis
dros sasamarTlo isedac valdebulia Seamowmos mxaris mier wardgenili da sasamarTlos mier Sekrebili
217
yvela mtkicebuleba, Tumca ar aris gamoricxuli, rom

mTavar sxdomazec daisvas es sakiTxi.
2. sasamarTloebma mxedvelobaSi unda iqonion, rom
mxareebma mtkicebulebebi unda warudginon sasamarTlos jer kidev saqmis momzadebis stadiaze (ssk 200203-e muxlebi). dagvianebiT wardgenili mtkicebulebebi da aRZruli Suamdgomlobebi sasamarTlos SeuZlia ar miiRos da ar daakmayofilos. aqedan gamomdinare, sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze mxaris mier zepirad
gancxadebuli Suamdgomloba mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb, marTalia, Seitaneba sxdomis oqmSi,
magram sasamarTlos SeuZlia ar daakmayofilos es Suamdgomloba (ssk 215-e muxli). sasamarTlos mosamzadebel sxdomaze mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gancxadebuli zepiri Suamdgomlobac Seitaneba
am sxdomis oqmSi.

uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gancxadebis
Sinaarsi
mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb
rogorc werilobiTi, ise zepiri formiT
gancxadebul SuamdgomlobaSi unda aisaxos:
a) mtkicebulebani, romelTa uzrunvelyofac aucilebelia;
b) garemoebani, romelTa dasadasturebladac saWiroa es mtkicebulebani;
g) mizezebi, romlebmac aiZula ganmcxadebeli miemarTa SuamdgomlobiT mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb;
d) mowinaaRmdege mxaris gvari, saxeli da
misamarTi, Tu gancxadeba mtkicebulebaTa
uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb Setanilia sasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvramde da ganmcxadebelma
218
icis, Tu vin SeiZleba iyos mowinaaRmdege

mxare.
1. garda yvela im monacemisa, romelsac unda Seicavdes sasamarTlosadmi mimarTuli nebismieri gancxadeba (Suamdgomloba), gancxadeba mtkicebulebaTa
uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb, ra formiTac ar unda iyos igi
gakeTebuli, motivirebuli unda iyos, raTa sasamarTlos SeeZlos gadawyvitos uzrunvelsayofi mtkicebulebis dasaSvebobisa da gankuTvnadobis sakiTxi (ssk
102-e muxlis me-3 nawili da 104-e muxli).
kerZod, ganmcxadebelma unda miuTiTos: ara marto
mtkicebulebaze, romlis uzrunvelyofasac igi moiTxovs aramed sad imyofeba an mdebareobs es mtkicebuleba.
mtkicebulebaTa gamoTxova saerTod da miT ufro,
mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa dasaSvebia mxolod im
pirobiT, Tu am mtkicebulebiT SeiZleba dadasturdes
saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone raime garemoeba, e. i.
garemoeba, romelic asabuTebs mosarCelis moTxovnas
an mopasuxis Sesagebels.
aqedan gamomdinare, im garemoebaze miTiTeba, romlis dasadastureblad saWiroa uzrunvelyofa, warmoadgens gancxadebis ganxilvis winapirobas.
mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis mizniT Sesasrulebeli RonisZiebebis gasatareblad ar kmara mxolod
is, rom mtkicebulebas mniSvneloba aqvs saqmisaTvis.
aucilebelia, agreTve, arsebobdes realuri saSiSroeba imisa, rom am mtkicebulebis mogvianebiT wardgena an gamoyeneba Zneli an SeuZlebeli gaxdeba. Tu aseTi saSiSroeba ar arsebobs, sasamarTlom uari unda
Tqvas mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofaze.
mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis mizniT Sesasrulebeli saproceso moqmedeba unda ganxorcieldes samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT (ssk 113-e muxlis me-2 nawili).
zogjer, ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis Sesaxeb sa219
samarTlom unda Seatyobinos mxareebs. swored amitomaa, rom gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos mxareebi
da maTi misamarTebi, magram Tu uzrunvelyofa sarCelis aRZvramde unda ganxorcieldes, maSin gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos Sesabamisi mxare da misi misamarTi, romlis winaaRmdegac mosarCele apirebs sarCelis aRZvras.
_ mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis mizniT sasamarTlom SeiZleba Seasrulos sxvadasxva moqmedeba, kerZod, dakiTxos mowme, daaTvalieros nivTieri mtkicebuleba, daniSnos eqsperti da sxva. yvela es saproceso moqmedeba unda Sesruldes kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, romelic gaTvaliswinebulia mowmis dakiTxvisaTvis, adgilze daTvalierebisaTvis, eqspertis daniSvnisaTvis da a. S. (ssk 113-e muxli), garda im gamonaklisebisa, rac gaTvaliswinebulia ssk 116-e muxliT (ix. am
muxlis komentari).
_ xarjebi, rac aucilebelia mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelsayofad, winaswar Seaqvs mxares, romelic amas
moiTxovs (ssk 52-e da 118-e muxlebi).
_ Tu gancxadeba mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis
Sesaxeb ar pasuxobs am muxliT gaTvaliswinebul moTxovnebs, sasamarTlos SeuZlia ssk 185-e muxlis analogiiT misces vada ganmcxadebels xarvezis Sesavsebad.
cxadia, rom sasamarTlos SeuZlia ar gamoiyenos kanonis analogia da gamoitanos ganCineba mtkicebulebis
uzrunvelyofaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb (ssk 119-e muxli).
muxli 113. sasamarTlos ganCineba

Sesaxeb
1. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb mosamarTles gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelSic miuTiTebs misi warmoebis wessa da
saSualebebze.
220
2. saproceso moqmedeba, rac saWiroa mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelsayofad, unda Sesruldes am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT.
1. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCinebaSi konkretulad unda mieTiTos im saproceso moqmedebaze, romelic unda Sesruldes. magaliTad, daikiTxos mowme, miRebuli iqnes axsna-ganmarteba mopasuxisagan, dainiSnos eqspertiza, Catardes daTvaliereba, mowveul iqnes specialisti (ssk 123-e muxli) da
a. S.
2. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCinebaSi miTiTebuli moqmedeba, magaliTad, mowmis dakiTxva, eqspertizis daniSvna, werilobiTi Tu nivTieri mtkicebulebebis daTvaliereba unda Sesruldes
ise, rogorc amas iTvaliswinebs ssk-is Sesabamisi muxlebi gamonaklisebis garda, rac gaTvaliswinebulia
114-e 116-e muxlebiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
muxli 114. specialistis

monawileoba mtkicebulebaTa
uzrunvelyofis dros
mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelsayofad ama Tu
im saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis dros
sasamarTlos SeuZlia moiwvios specialisti 204-e muxliT dadgenili wesiTa da
safuZvlebiT.
_ imisda mixedviT, Tu konkretulad romeli saproceso moqmedeba unda Sesruldes, sasamarTlos SeuZlia moiwvios specialisti.
_ specialisti ver Secvlis sasamarTlos (mosamarTles). igi damoukideblad araviTar saproceso moqmedebas ar asrulebs. mas SeuZlia mxolod monawileoba
miiRos mosamarTlis mier Catarebul saproceso moqmedebaSi _ misces mas konsultaciebi Tavisi specialu221
ri codnis Sesabamisad da aRmouCinos mas daxmareba

saproceso moqmedebis srulyofilad CatarebaSi (ix.
ssk 204-e muxlis komentari).
muxli 115. mxareTa monawileoba

mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofaSi
1. mxareebs ecnobebaT mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis dro da adgili, magram maTi
gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs uzrunvelyofis mizniT Sesabamisi saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebas.
2. gadaudebel SemTxvevaSi mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa SesaZlebelia mxareTaTvis Seutyobinebladac.
1. damoukideblad imisa, Tu romeli konkretuli
saproceso moqmedebis SesrulebiT xdeba mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa (ssk 113-e muxli), mxareebs unda
ecnoboT aseTi moqmedebis Sesrulebis dro da adgili.
Setyobineba unda moxdes uwyebiT, romelic mxareebs egzavnebaT ssk 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT
da masSi unda aRiniSnos saproceso moqmedebis xasiaTi da mizani.
2. mxareTaTvis Setyobinebis valdebuleba aRar arsebobs, Tu mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa gadaudebelia, ris Sesaxebac miTiTebuli unda iyos mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCinebaSi.
_ gadaudebeli SeiZleba iyos iseTi SemTxveva, rodesac uzrunvelyofas moiTxovs malfuWebadi nivTieri mtkicebulebebi, mowmis mZime daavadebiT gamowveuli krizisuli mdgomareoba da sxva.
222

uzrunvelyofis wesiT Sekrebili
masalebis sasamarTloSi gadagzavna
1. oqmebi da mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis wesiT Sekrebili yvela masala gaegzavneba saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTlos.
2. Tu mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa moxda sasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvramde, uzrunvelyofis dros Sedgenili oqmi da sxva
masalebi Seinaxeba sasamarTloSi, romlebic Semdgom, mxareTa TxovniT an TviT sasamarTlos iniciativiT, gadaegzavneba im
sasamarTlos, romelic ganixilavs saqmes.
1. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis mizniT Sesrulebuli saproceso moqmedebis xasiaTi da Sinaarsi, agreTve, miRebuli Sedegebi unda aisaxos Sesabamis oqmSi. uzrunvelyofis dros SeiZleba Sedges naxazebi,
moxdes fotografireba, amoRebul iqnes nimuSebi da
a. S. yvela es masala da maT Soris oqmi, unda gadaeces
saqmis ganmxilvel mosamarTles (sasamarTlos). aseTi
gadacema (gadagzavna) SeiZleba moxdes mxaris SuamdgomlobiT an TviT mosamarTlis (sasamarTlos) iniciativiT.
2. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa SeiZleba moxdes
sasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvramde (ssk 109-e muxlis me-2
nawili). saqmis aRZvramde mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofas axdens is sasamarTlo, romlis teritoriazec
imyofeba (mdebareobs) uzrunvelsayofi werilobiTi
Tu nivTieri mtkicebuleba. am dros Sedgenili oqmebi
da sxva masalebi dainteresebul mxares ki ar unda gadaeces, aramed Senaxuli unda iqnes im sasamarTloSi,
romelmac uzrunvelyofa moaxdina.
_ sarCeli SeiZleba aRiZras sxva sasamarTloSi gansjadobis wesebis dacviT. aseT SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlom, romelmac uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebebi gaatara
223
da romelTanac inaxeba Sesabamisi oqmebi da sxva masalebi, unda gadaugzavnos (gadasces) isini saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTlos. aseTi gadagzavna SeiZleba moxdes dainteresebuli mxaris SuamdgomlobiT, agreTve.
TviT saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos iniciativiT.

ganmeorebiTi an damatebiTi
uzrunvelyofa
1. mxareebs, imisgan damoukideblad, monawileobdnen Tu ara isini mtkicebulebaTa
uzrunvelyofaSi, ufleba aqvT gamoTqvan
TavianTi mosazrebebi da miuTiTon im xarvezebze, romlebsac, maTi azriT, adgili
hqonda uzrunvelyofis dros.
2. saqmis ganxilvis dros sasamarTlos
SeuZlia daadginos mtkicebulebaTa damatebiTi an ganmeorebiTi uzrunvelyofa.
1. mxareebsa da maT warmomadgenlebs ufleba aqvT
procesis nebismier stadiaze gaecnon mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis mizniT Sekrebil masalebs da gamoTqvan TavianTi mosazrebebi am masalebisa da saerTod, uzrunvelyofis mizniT Sesrulebuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesaxeb.
2. mxareTa dasabuTebuli SeniSvnebi im xarvezebis
Sesaxeb, romlebic Tan axlda uzrunvelyofis mizniT
Sesrulebul saproceso moqmedebas (magaliTad, mowmes ar dausves SekiTxva, romlis garkvevasac arsebiTi
mniSvneloba aqvs saqmisaTvis) SeiZleba gaxdes mtkicebulebaTa damatebiTi uzrunvelyofis safuZveli.
_ sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadginos mtkicebulebaTa damatebiTi an ganmeorebiTi uzrunvelyofa Tavisi
iniciativiTac.
_ mtkicebulebaTa damatebiTi an ganmeorebiTi uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCine224
ba, romelSic miTiTebuli unda iyos Tu ra sakiTxebia

damatebiT gasarkvevi, an ra mizeziTaa ganpirobebuli mtkicebulebaTa ganmeorebiTi uzrunvelyofa.
_ am ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar daiSveba.

uzrunvelsayofad gaweuli xarjebis
anazRaurebis wesi
mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelsayofad gaweul xarjebs gadaixdis piri, romelmac iSuamdgomla sasamarTlos winaSe aseTi uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb. mowinaaRmdege mxares ufleba aqvs moiTxovos mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofaSi monawileobisaTvis mis
mier gaweuli xarjebis anazRaureba. sabolood am xarjebis ganawileba moxdeba sasamarTlos mier saqmis arsebiTad gadawyvetisas.
1. rogorc wesi, mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa dakavSirebulia garkveul xarjebTan. xarjebis odenoba
SeiZleba iyos sxvadasxva imisda mixedviT, Tu ra xasiaTis saproceso moqmedebaa Sesasrulebeli. aq igulisxmeba mgzavrobis xarjebi, fotogadaRebebisa da naxazebis Sedgenis xarjebi, specialistisaTvis misacemi
Tanxebi da sxva. mowinaaRmdege mxares aunazRaurdeba
mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofaSi monawileobasTan
dakavSirebiT gaweuli xarjebi, Tu igi amas moiTxovs.
_ mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelsayofad gaweuli xarjebis odenobas winaswar gansazRvravs sasamarTlo,
romelic SeiZleba ar aRmoCndes zusti. sabolood dazustebuli xarjebi ganisazRvreba uzrunvelyofis
RonisZiebebis Catarebis Semdeg. am xarjebis da, saerTod, sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawileba mxareTa Soris
unda moxdes ssk 53-e muxlis Sesabamisad _ saqmis arsebiTad gadawyvetisas.
225

uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gamotanili
ganCinebis gasaCivreba
mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb
sasamarTlos ganCinebis gasaCivreba ar daiSveba. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofaze
uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb ganCinebaze SeiZleba
mxolod mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofaze uaris
Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana, romelic ganxiluli unda iqnes ssk
414-420-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.
226
T a v i
XV
adgilze daTvaliereba
muxli 120. nivTieri da werilobiTi
mtkicebulebebis adgilze
daTvaliereba
sasamarTlos, mxareTa moTxovniT an Tavisi iniciativiT, SeuZlia daadginos im nivTieri da werilobiTi mtkicebulebebis adgilze daTvaliereba da gamokvleva, romelTa wardgenac sasamarTloSi ama Tu im
mizezis gamo SeuZlebelia.
_ SeiZleba moxdes mxolod nivTieri an werilobiTi
mtkicebulebebis adgilze daTvaliereba da mxolod
im SemTxvevaSi, roca maTi sasamarTloSi wardgena Znelia an SeuZlebeli (ssk 138-e da 159-e muxlebi). sasamarTloSi mtkicebulebaTa wardgenis SeuZlebloba an
siZnele SeiZleba sxvadasxva mizezebiT iyos ganpirobebuli. magaliTad, Tu aRZrulia sarCeli naTesebis dazianebiT miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb. cxadia, rom sasamarTloSi miwis nakveTis wardgena, romelzec ganlagebulia naTesebi, SeuZlebelia. an kidev, Tu
dasadgenia didi odenobiT tvirTis dazianebis faqti,
romlis sasamarTloSi wardgena Znelia da dakavSirebulia did xarjebTan. igive SeiZleba iTqvas werilobiT mtkicebulebebzec, Tu maTi raodenoba Zalian didia, maTi sasamarTloSi wardgena gamoiwvevs sawarmos
muSaobis CaSlas, magaliTad, rodesac Sesamowmebelia
sabuRaltro wignebi da a. S.
_ adgilze daTvaliereba SeiZleba moxdes rogorc
mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT, ise sasamarTlos iniciativiT.
_ mxareTa Suamdgomloba (gancxadeba) adgilze daTvalierebis Sesaxeb motivirebuli unda iyos, e. i. masSi
227
miTiTebuli unda iyos Tu ra mizezebiTaa ganpirobebuli adgilze daTvalierebis aucilebloba.

_ saqmis winaswari sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis momzadebisa da am saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebis Tavidan
acilebis mizniT, adgilze daTvaliereba unda moxdes
saqmis momzadebis stadiaze (ssk 203-e muxlis pirveli
nawilis è~ qvepunqti). mxareTa mier dagvianebiT aRZruli Suamdgomlobebi adgilze daTvalierebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlom ar unda daakmayofilos, Tu ar arsebobs sapatio mizezi, ris gamoc droulad ar iqna aseTi
Suamdgomloba aRZruli (ssk 215-e muxli).
_ adgilze daTvalierebis Catarebis Tu mis Catarebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba (121-e muxli).

adgilze daTvalierebis Sesaxeb
1. adgilze daTvalierebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelSic miTiTebuli unda iyos daTvalierebisa da
gamokvlevis sagani, agreTve daTvalierebis
dro da adgili. am ganCinebis gasaCivreba
ar daiSveba.
2. mxareebsa da maTs warmomadgenlebs ecnobebaT adgilze daTvalierebis dro da
adgili, magram maTi gamoucxadebloba ver
daabrkolebs daTvalierebis Catarebas.
3. aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi adgilze
daTvalierebaSi monawileobis misaRebad SeiZleba gamoiZaxon mowmeebi.
1. adgilze daTvalierebis Sesaxeb, damoukideblad
imisa, mxareTa TxovniT Tu sasamarTlos iniciativiT
xdeba es, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romlis Sinaarsi gansazRvrulia am muxlis pirveli nawiliT.
_ ganCineba adgilze daTvalierebis Sesaxeb miRe228
buli unda iqnes saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, raTa Tavidan iqnes acilebuli saqmis ganxilvis gaWianureba
(ssk 203-e muxlis pirveli nawilis è~ qvepunqti). adgilze daTvalierebis Sesaxeb mxareTa mier dagvianebiT aRZrul Suamdgomlobas sasamarTlo ar daakmayofilebs, Tu ar arsebobs aseTi dagvianebis sapatio mizezi (ssk 215-e muxli).
_ adgilze daTvalierebis Catarebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos mier mTavar sxdomaze gamotanili ganCineba
imaze miuTiTebs, rom saqme Tavis droze ar iyo srulyofilad momzadebuli.
2. mxareebisa da maTi warmomadgenlebis monawileobas mtkicebulebaTa adgilze daTvalierebaSi udavod
aqvs garkveuli mniSvneloba: maT SeuZliaT mosamarTlis yuradReba miaqcion dasaTvalierebeli nivTebis
Tu werilobiTi masalebis ama Tu im mxaresa da Tvisebaze. maT monawileobas mniSvneloba aqvs, agreTve adgilze daTvalierebis srulyofilad Catarebis damajereblobisaTvis. amitom, kanoniT dadgenili wesiT
Setyobinebis gagzavna saWiroa. daTvaliereba aucilebelia Sedges da igi ar unda gadaidos, Tu aseTi
Setyobinebis miuxedavad, mxareebi da maTi warmomadgenlebi ar gamocxaddnen daTvalierebaSi monawileobis misaRebad.
3. mowmeebis gamoZaxeba daTvalierebaSi monawileobis misaRebad SeiZleba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
maT SeuZliaT raime daxmareba gauwion mosamarTles
daTvalierebis srulyofilad CatarebaSi. magaliTad,
mowmeebad dasaxelebul pirebs, romlebic eswrebodnen an TviTon uSualod monawileobdnen avtotransportiT gadmogzavnili tvirTis gadmozidvaSi, SeuZliaT mosamarTlis yuradReba miaqcion imas, Tu rogor
iyo ganlagebuli es tvirTi da saidan SeiZleboda momxdariyo maTi dazianeba.
4. adgilze daTvalierebis Catarebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebaze kerZo saCivari ar daiSveba. adgilze daTvalierebis Catarebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb
229
sasamarTlos ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana, romelic ganxiluli unda iqnes ssk 414-420-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.
muxli 122. adgilze daTvalierebis

Catareba
adgilze daTvalierebas awarmoebs saqmis
ganmxilveli mosamarTle. Tu saqmes sasamarTlos kolegiuri Semadgenloba ixilavs,
adgilze daTvalierebis movaleoba, am sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris gadawyvetilebiT,
SeiZleba daekisros mis erT-erT wevrs.
Tu saqmes sasamarTlos kolegiuri Semadgenloba
ixilavs, adgilze daTvalierebis Catareba SeiZleba
daevalos kolegiis erT-erT mosamarTles, am kolegiis Tavmjdomaris davalebiT, romelic mxedvelobaSi
iRebs kolegiis mosazrebas. aseTi davaleba SeiZleba
momdinareobdes kolegiidanac. sakiTxebi, romlebic
SeiZleba gadawydes mosamarTlis (am SemTxvevaSi _ kolegiis Tavmjdomaris) mier erTpirovnulad, SeiZleba
gadawydes, agreTve, sasamarTlos kolegiuri Semadgenlobis mierac.
muxli 123. specialistis

monawileoba adgilze
daTvalierebaSi
1. adgilze daTvalierebaSi monawileobis
misaRebad sasamarTlos SeuZlia moiwvios
specialisti 204-e muxliT gansazRvruli
safuZvlebiTa da wesiT.
2. specialistis mowvevis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romlis gasaCivreba ar daiSveba.
230
1. specialisti ar aris eqsperti (ssk 163-e muxli) da

igi ar atarebs eqspertizas, ar wers daskvnas, romelsac eqneboda mtkicebulebis mniSvneloba. specialistis ZiriTadi da mTavari funqciaa daxmareba aRmouCinos mosamarTles daTvalierebis srulyofilad CatarebaSi, mosamarTlis yuradReba miapyros ama Tu im garemoebaze, Seadginos naxazebi, moaxdinos fotogadaRebebi da a. S. (ssk 204-e muxli). misi rCevebi da konsultaciebi Seitaneba daTvalierebis oqmSi, romelic
gamoyenebuli iqneba saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis dros rogorc mtkicebuleba.
2. ganCineba specialistis mowvevis Sesaxeb SeiZleba gamoitanos erTpirovnulad im mosamarTlem, romelic atarebs, an romelsac mindobili aqvs daTvalierebis Catareba. mxareebs ar erTmevaT ufleba iSuamdgomlon specialistis mowvevis Sesaxeb, magram am sakiTxs sabolood wyvets mosamarTle, romelmac TviTon unda gansazRvros sWirdeba specialistis daxmareba Tu ara.
_ aqedan gamomdinare, specialistis mowvevis Tu
aseT mowvevaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba.
_ specialistis mowveva dakavSirebulia garkveul
xarjebTan (ssk 45-e muxli), romlebic unda aanazRauros orive mxarem, Tu igi sasamarTlos iniciativiT iyo
mowveuli, an im mxarem, visi iniciativiTac iyo specialisti mowveuli (ssk52-e muxli).
muxli 124. daTvalierebaSi monawile

pirTa ufleba-movaleobebi
daTvalierebaSi monawile mxareebs, mowmeebsa da specialistebs ufleba aqvT mosamarTlis yuradReba miaqcion ama Tu im
garemoebas, romelsac, maTi azriT, aqvs mniSvneloba daTvalierebis srulyofilad Ca-
231
satareblad, saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebaTa dasadgenad.

_ daTvalierebaSi monawileoba SeiZleba miiRon mxolod im pirebma, romlebic mowveuli arian sasamarTlos
mier kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (ssk 70-78-e muxlebi). sasamarTlo uwyebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos daTvalierebis adgili, sadac unda gamocxaddes mowveuli piri da
gamocxadebis dro (dRe, Tve, ricxvi da saaTi).
_ daTvalierebis dawyebis win sasamarTlom unda ganumartos mowveul pirebs mizani, risTvisac isini arian mowveuli, agreTve, maTi uflebebi.
muxli 125. daTvalierebis oqmis

Sinaarsi
1. daTvalierebis dros unda Sedges oqmi
(daTvalierebis oqmi), romelSic unda aRiniSnos:
a) daTvalierebis adgili da obieqtebi;
b) daTvalierebaSi monawile mxareebi, mowmeebi, specialistebi;
g) daTvalierebaSi monawile pirebis mosazrebebi, maTi SeniSvnebi;
d) daTvalierebisa da gamokvlevis Sedegebi.
2. oqms SeiZleba daerTos daTvalierebis
dros Sedgenili an Semowmebuli gegmebi,
naxazebi, suraTebi da a. S.
1. daTvalierebis oqmi aris mtkicebis saSualeba
(mtkicebuleba). amitom, oqmis srulyofilad Sedgenas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces. misi Sinaarsi zustad unda Seesabamebodes ssk 125-e muxlis
moTxovnebs.
_ daTvalierebis SedegebSi igulisxmeba faqtebi da
garemoebebi, romlebsac mniSvneloba aqvs mocemuli
232
konkretuli saqmis gadawyvetisaTvis da romlebic

dadgenilad (dadasturebulad) CaTvala sasamarTlom
adgilze daTvalierebis Catarebis safuZvelze.
_ daTvalierebis Sedegad dadgenili faqtebi, iseve rogorc nebismieri mtkicebulebiT dadgenili faqtebi, SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebas.
2. daTvalierebis dros Sedgenili an Semowmebuli
gegmebis, naxazebis, fotosuraTebis da a. S. oqmze darTvas didi mniSvneloba aqvs am oqmiT dadgenili faqtebis utyuarobisa da damajereblobisaTvis.
muxli 126. daTvalierebasTan

dakavSirebuli xarjebis dafarva
Tu daTvaliereba dakavSirebulia xarjebTan, mxarem, romelic Suamdgomlobs sasamarTlos winaSe daTvalierebis Sesaxeb,
winaswar unda Seitanos Sesabamisi Tanxa.
Tu adgilze daTvaliereba sasamarTlos iniciativiT xdeba, es xarjebi orive mxarem
unda dafaros.
_ mtkicebis tvirTi (movaleoba) ekisrebaT mxareebs. am movaleobis Sesasruleblad maT unda warudginon sasamarTlos mtkicebulebebi. mxareTa mier wardgenil mtkicebulebaTa daTvaliereba, Semowmeba da Sefaseba evaleba sasamarTlos.
_ aqedan gamomdinare, Tu mxare miuTiTebs mtkicebulebebze, romelTa sasamarTloSi wardgena SeuZlebeli an Znelia, sasamarTlom adgilze unda daaTvalieros da Seamowmos isini. Tu mxare winaswar ver ixdis
saamiso xarjebs, sasamarTlom mainc unda daaTvalieros mtkicebulebebi da Semdeg gadawyvitos xarjebis
ganawilebis sakiTxi.
233
T a v i XVI
mxareTa axsna-ganmarteba
muxli 127. mxareTa axsna-ganmartebis
miReba
1. saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebis dadgenis procesi iwyeba mxareTa (mesame pirTa, TanamonawileTa, kanonismier warmomadgenelTa) axsna-ganmartebis miRebiT:
mxareebi iZlevian axsna-ganmartebebs maTTvis cnobili da saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis
mqone garemoebaTa Sesaxeb.
2. sasamarTlos nebarTviT TiToeul mxares SeuZlia SekiTxva misces mowinaaRmdege
mxares da mis warmomadgenels. Tu SekiTxva
uadgiloa an Seuferebelia da ar emsaxureba saqmis garemoebebis gamokvlevasa da
dadgenas, sasamarTlos, mxaris TxovniT an
Tavisi iniciativiT, SeuZlia moxsnas aseTi
SekiTxva. SekiTxvis CaTvla Seusabamod an
uadgilod da misi moxsna SeuZlia mosamarTles erTpirovnulad, xolo roca saqmes kolegiuri sasamarTlo ixilavs, maSin _
sxdomis Tavmjdomares.
1. mxare _ es aris piri, romelic sadavo samarTlebrivi urTierTobis uSualo monawilea. amitom, man yvelaze kargad unda icodes im garemoebaTa Sesaxeb, romlebsac mniSvneloba aqvT saqmisaTvis. am mosazrebiT
xelmZRvanelobs kanonmdebeli, rodesac mxareTa axsna-ganmartebas Tvlis mtkicebis erT-erT damoukidebel da mniSvnelovan wyarod (ssk 102-e muxlis
me _ 2 nawili).
_ erTmaneTisagan unda gavmijnoT mxareTa axsnaganmartebis is nawili, romelic moTxovnis Camoyalibebas, dazustebas, Tu dakonkretebas emsaxureba da
234
axsna-ganmartebis is nawili, romelic saqmis faqtobriv garemoebebs Seexeba. mtkicebulebas warmoadgens

mxaris axsna-ganmartebis mxolod is nawili, romelic
saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone
garemoebebis arseboba _ ararsebobas adasturebs. imisda miuxedavad, Tu ra formiTaa warmodgenili mxareTa axsna-ganmarteba _ werilobiTi Tu zepiri formiT,
mtkicebulebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs axsna-ganmartebis
mxolod im nawils, romelic Seicavs miTiTebebs faqtebis Sesaxeb.
_ mxare aris dainteresebuli piri da misi Cveneba
faqtebis Sesaxeb am interesiT iqneba ganpirobebuli.
aseTi viTareba sasamarTlos avalebs gansakuTrebuli
yuradRebiT Seafasos mxaris axsna _ ganmarteba. mxaris yoveli ganmarteba faqtebis Sesaxeb, romelic gakeTebulia mis sasargeblod, magaliTad, mopasuxis ganmarteba imis Sesaxeb, rom man Seasrula valdebuleba
mosarCelis winaSe, marTalia, aris mtkicebuleba, magram igi arasakmarisi mtkicebulebaa, romelic moiTxovs dadasturebas sxva mtkicebulebebis meSveobiT.
rac Seexeba mxaris axsna _ ganmartebas faqtis Sesaxeb,
romelic gakeTebulia mis sazianod da mowinaRmdege
mxaris sasargeblod (aRiareba) _ is ukve aris sakmarisi mtkicebuleba da SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebas (ssk 131-e muxli).
zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, sasamarTloebSi farTodaa gavrcelebuli praqtika, romlis mixedviT, axsna _ ganmartebas saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis Sesaxeb iZleva ara uSualod mxare, romelic eswreba saqmis ganxilvas, aramed misi warmomadgeneli, rac ar Seesabameba kanons.
warmomadgenels aqvs farTo saproceso uflebebi, mas
SeuZlia gaanalizos saqmis masalebi, gamoTqvas Tavisi mosazrebebi saqmeSi arsebuli mtkicebulebebis utyuarobis Sesaxeb, agreTve, imis Sesaxeb, Tu romeli kanoni unda iqnes gamoyenebuli da rogori gadawyvetileba unda
iqnes gamotanili da a. S. (ssk 98-e muxli). magram, mas ar
235
SeuZlia Seasrulos mxaris, rogorc mtkicebulebis wyaros funqcia, iseve rogorc ar SeuZlia Seasrulos mowmis funqcia. ufro metic, igi ar SeiZleba daikiTxos rogorc mowme iseTi garemoebis Sesaxeb, romelic misTvis
cnobili gaxda warmomadgenelis movaleobis SesrulebasTan dakavSirebiT (ssk 141-e muxli).
2. mxaris mier axsna _ ganmartebis micemis Semdeg,
mas SeiZleba SekiTxvebi misces mowinaaRmdege mxarem.
SekiTxvis micema dasaSvebia mxolod sasamarTlos (mosamarTlis an sasamarTlo sxdomis Tavmjdomaris) nebarTviT. amasTan erTad, sasamarTlos evaleba ganuxrelad daicvas SekiTxvebis micemis ssk 127 _ e muxlis
meore nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli wesi, kerZod, ar dauSvas SekiTxvebis micema misi nebarTvis gareSe da moxsnas nebismieri SekiTxva, Tu igi ar emsaxureba saqmis
faqtobrivi garemoebis garkvevas.
am wesis daucveloba zogjer iwvevs dausrulebel SekiTxvebs, saqmis ganxilvis uzomod gaWianurebas da arcTu iSviaTad, urTierTSeuracxyofas. sasamarTlom
unda uxelmZRvanelos sxdomas da misi nebarTvis gareSe ar unda dauSvas SekiTxvebis micema, xolo Tu aseTi
SekiTxva mainc misces mxareebma erTmaneTs, sasamarTlom
dauyovnebliv unda aRkveTos maTi aseTi moqmedeba.
muxli 128. mosamarTleTa SekiTxvebi

mosamarTles ufleba aqvs SekiTxvebi misces mxareebs, romlebic xels Seuwyoben saqmis gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone
garemoebebis srulad da zustad gansazRvras, maTs dasadastureblad mtkicebulebaTa gamovlenas da sasamarTloSi wardgenas, maTi utyuarobis gamorkvevas.
1. ssk 128-e muxli Seicavs sakmaod naTel kriteriumebs imis Taobaze, Tu ra sakiTxebis gasarkvevad unda
mieces SekiTxvebi mxareebs. es sakiTxebia: a) mtkice236
bis sagnis anu im garemoebebis srulad da zustad gansazRvra, romlebzec mosarCele da mopasuxe amyareben TavianT moTxovnebsa da Sesagebels. marTalia, mxareebi TviTonve gansazRvraven, Tu romeli faqtebi unda daedos safuZvlad maT moTxovnebsa da Sesagebels,
magram, Tu mxareebi miuTiTeben iseT garemoebebze,
romlebic iuridiulad ver amarTleben am moTxovnebs
(Sesagebels), sasamarTlom dro ar unda dakargos aseTi garemoebebis dadgenisaTvis. mtkicebis sagani sabolood unda dazustdes da dakonkretdes mxareTa
axsna-ganmartebebisa da maTTvis SekiTxvebis micemis
meSveobiT; b) yvela im mtkicebulebis gamovlena, romlebic, marTalia ar aris wardgenili sasamarTloSi,
magram romlebic SeiZleba gaaCndeT mxareebs, agreTve, wardgenil mtkicebulebaTa dasaSvebobisa da gankuTvnadobis (mniSvnelobis) sakiTxebis garkveva, aseve is, aris Tu ara mtkicebis saganSi Semavali yvela garemoebis dasadastureblad wardgenili Sesabamisi
mtkicebuleba da romeli mxarea valdebuli aseTi
mtkicebuleba waradginos; g) ramdenad sarwmuno da
utyuaria wardgenili mtkicebulebebi.
sasamarTlom mxareTa winaSe SeiZleba dasvas sxva
sakiTxebic, romlebsac mniSvneloba aqvT saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis (ssk 218-e muxli).
_ saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sakasacio palata did mniSvnelobas aniWebs sasamarTloebis mier
am muxliT miniWebuli uflebis efeqtianad gamoyenebis aucileblobas da auqmebs gadawyvetilebas dausabuTeblobis motiviT, rac gamowveuli iyo imiT, rom
sasamarTloebma ar dausves Sesabamisi SekiTxvebi mxareebs, romlebic xels Seuwyobdnen rogorc saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebis (mtkicebis sagnis) srulad da zustad gansazRvras,
ise Sesabamisi mtkicebulebebis gamovlenas20.
20
237
muxli 129. pirebi, romlebisganac ar

SeiZleba axsna-ganmartebis miReba
ar SeiZleba axsna-ganmartebis miReba:
a) iseTi pirisagan, romelsac Tavisi fizikuri naklis an fsiqikuri aSlilobis
gamo ar SeuZlia sworad aRiqvas faqtebi
da misces maT Sesaxeb swori Cveneba;
b) sasuliero pirisagan iseTi garemoebaTa Sesaxeb, romlebic mas gaandves aRsarebis dros;
g) Tanamdebobis pirisagan iseT garemoebebze, romelTa Sesaxeb saidumloebis dacvac
mis samsaxurebriv movaleobaSi Sedis, Tu
igi ganTavisuflebuli ar aris aseTi saidumloebis dacvisagan.
a) sasamarTlo mtkicebulebebs afasebs Tavisi Sinagani rwmeniT, maTi utyuarobisa da sarwmunoobis TvalsazrisiT. amitom, drois unayofod xarjva iqneboda
mxarisagan axsna-ganmartebis miReba iseTi faqtis Sesaxeb, romelsac mniSvneloba aqvs saqmisaTvis, magram
romlis swored aRqma da swori Cvenebis micema mas ar
SeuZlia. magaliTad, Tu mxare aris brma, mas ar SeeZlo
swored aReqva iseTi faqti, romlis aRqma mxolod
mxedvelobiT SeiZleboda. aseve, Tu mxare aris yrumunji, ar SeiZleba misgan miviRoT Cveneba iseTi faqtis Sesaxeb, romlis aRqma smenas moiTxovs da a. S.
b) mxaris mier aRsarebis dros ama Tu im faqtis gandoba da misi monanieba dakargavda yovelgvar azrs, Tu
SesaZlebeli da dasaSvebi iqneboda misi gaxmaureba. amitom, sasuliero pirisagan ar SeiZleba axsna-ganmartebis miReba iseTi faqtebis Sesaxeb, romlebic mas gaandves aRsarebis dros, Tu es piri gvevlineba mxared.
igi ar SeiZleba aseTi faqtebis Sesaxeb mowmedac daikiTxos (ssk 141-e muxli). sxva mxriv, am mimarTebiT araviTari SezRudva ar arsebobs da sasuliero pirisagan,
238
iseve rogorc nebismieri sxva pirisagan, SeiZleba axsna-ganmartebis miReba, roca igi mxared gvevlineba saqmeSi.
saidumloebis dacvasTan dakavSirebiT, pirvel rigSi, gasaTvaliswinebelia moTxovnebi, romlebsac Seicavs saqarTvelos kanoni `saxelmwifo saidumloebis
Sesaxeb~, romelic aregulirebs informaciis saxelmwifo saidumloebad miCnevasTan, mis gasaidumloebasa
da dacvasTan dakavSirebul samarTlebriv urTierTobebs Tavdacvis, ekonomikis, sagareo urTierTobebis,
dazvervis, saxelmwifo uSiSroebisa da marTlwesrigis dacvis sferoebSi. es kanoni gansazRvravs, Tu ra
xasiaTis informacia ganekuTvneba saxelmwifo saidumloebas da ra xasiaTis informacia ar miiCneva saxelmwifo saidumloebad (am kanonis me-7 da me-8 muxlebi).
saidumloebis dacvis valdebulebebs Seicavs sxva
kanonebic. magaliTad, `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-18.2 muxlis Tanaxmad, `sazogadoebis
organoebis sxdomaTa Sinaarsi da Sedegebi konfidencialuria, Tu ki es Sedegebi ar eqvemdebareba gamoqveynebas, an Tu sazogadoebis wesdeba sxva rames ar iTvaliswinebs~.
`notariatis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-9 muxlis 1 punqtis Tanaxmad, `notariusi movalea saidumlod Seinaxos cnobebi, romelic misTvis cnobili gaxda samsaxurebriv saqmianobasTan dakavSirebiT. es movaleoba ZalaSi rCeba notariusis samsaxuridan gaTavisuflebis Semdegac~.
saidumloebis dacvis valdebuleba SeiZleba gaTvaliswinebuli iyos sxva kanonebiTac.
muxli 130. axsna-ganmartebis miReba

erT-erTi mxaris gamoucxadeblobis
SemTxvevaSi
sasamarTlo sxdomaze erT-erTi mxaris
gamoucxadebloba an gamocxadebuli mxa239
ris uari, misces sasamarTlos axsna-ganmarteba, ver daabrkolebs meore mxarisgan

aseTi axsna-ganmartebis miRebis SesaZleblobas.
_ mxare ar aris valdebuli sasamarTlos misces axsna-ganmarteba. mas SeuZlia saerTod ar gamocxaddes
sasamarTlo sxdomaze, an gamocxaddes, magram uari ganacxados rogorc axsna-ganmartebis micemaze, ise saerTod, saqmis ganxilvaSi monawileobaze (ssk 232-e muxli). erT-erTi mxaris aseTi umoqmedeba araviTar gavlenas ar axdens meore mxaris saproceso uflebebze,
romelsac sruli ufleba aqvs sasamarTlos aseT pirobebSic misces axsna-ganmarteba da Seasrulos nebismieri saproceso moqmedeba _ aRZras sasamarTlos winaSe sxvadasxva xasiaTis Suamdgomlobebi, maT Soris, dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis Sesaxeb im mxaris winaaRmdeg, romelic ar gamocxadda, an gamocxadda, magram monawileobas ar iRebs saqmis ganxilvaSi (ssk
232-e muxli).
muxli 131. aRiareba

erTi mxaris mier iseTi garemoebis arsebobis an ararsebobis dadastureba (aRiareba), romelzedac meore mxare amyarebs
Tavis moTxovnebsa Tu Sesagebels, sasamarTlom SeiZleba sakmaris mtkicebulebad CaTvalos da safuZvlad daudos sasamarTlo
gadawyvetilebas.
1. faqtis aRiareba _ es aris mxareTa axsna-ganmartebis erT-erTi saxesxvaoba _ mtkicebuleba, romelsac zogjer mtkicebulebaTa mefesac ki uwodeben.
aRiarebis, rogorc mtkicebulebis Tavisebureba imaSi
mdgomareobs, rom am mtkicebulebiT xdeba iseTi faqtis dadastureba, romelzec meore (mowinaaRmdege)
240
mxare amyarebs Tavis moTxovnas an Sesagebels. maSasadame, faqts, romelic unda daedasturebina erT mxares, adasturebs misi mowinaaRmdege mxare. swored
amitom, aRiareba, rogorc mtkicebuleba, iTvleba utyuar mtkicebulebad, radgan igi gakeTebulia mowinaaRmdege mxaris sasargeblod da amRiareblis interesebis sawinaaRmdegod.
_ `rac Seexeba valis odenobis sakiTxs _ naTqvamia
sakasacio sasamarTlos erT-erT ganCinebaSi _ m.z-ianis mier 7000 amerikuli dolaris sesxebis faqts, aRniSnuli dadasturebulia mis mier micemuli axsna-ganmartebiT. ssk 131-e muxlis Tanaxmad ki, erTi mxaris
mier iseTi garemoebis arsebobis an ararsebobis dadastureba (aRiareba), romelzedac meore mxare amyarebs
Tavis moTxovnas da Sesagebels, sasamarTlom SeiZleba sakmao mtkicebulebad CaTvalos da safuZvlad daudos gadawyvetilebas~.21
_ faqtis aRiareba unda ganvasxvavoT sarCelis
aRiarebisagan (me 3-e da 208-e muxlebi). sarCelis aRiareba _ es aris mxaris mier Tavisi uflebis gankargvis
aqti. sarCelis aRiarebis dros, amRiarebeli mxare
cnobs sasarCelo moTxovnis marTlzomierebas da aseT
SemTxvevaSi mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba, Semowmeba da
Sefaseba aRar aris saWiro. mopasuxe acxadebs, rom
cnobs sarCels da valdebulia daakmayofilos mosarCelis moTxovnebi.
faqtis aRiarebis dros ki mxare cnobs mxolod romelime faqtobriv garemoebas, magram ara sarCels. magaliTad, mopasuxem cno, rom man marTlac aiRo sesxi
mosarCelisagan, magram daabruna vali, an Seasrula mosarCelis sasargeblod samuSao, romlis Rirebuleba
unda CaiTvalos valSi da a.S.
21
241
muxli 132. mxareTa aRiarebis forma

saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebis arsebobis an ararsebobis aRiareba
mxares SeuZlia rogorc zepiri, ise werilobiTi formiT, saqmis winaswari sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis momzadebis an am saqmis sasamarTlo sxdomaze ganxilvis dros.
Tu aRiareba warmodgenilia werilobiTi
formiT, igi daerTvis saqmes. zepirad gakeTebuli aRiareba Seitaneba sasamarTlo
sxdomis oqmSi.
_ ssk 132-e muxliT gansazRvrulia aRiarebis, rogorc mtkicebulebis, forma. aseTi aRiareba mxares SeuZlia gaakeTos werilobiTi an zepiri formiT. faqtis
aRiarebis Sesaxeb mxarem SeiZleba werilobiT Camoayalibos Tavis SesagebelSi (ssk 201-e muxli), an kidev,
mopasuxis Sesagebelze mosarCelis werilobiT pasuxSi (ssk 202-e muxli). cxadia, rom mxares aseTi werilobiTi aRiareba SeuZlia gaakeTos calke werilobiT gancxadebaSi.
_ zepiri formiT mxaris mier faqtis aRiareba SeiZleba gakeTdes mosamzadebel an mTavar sxdomaze, imave sxdomis oqmSi misi SetaniT.
_ faqtis aRiarebis, rogorc mtkicebulebis erTerTi mniSvnelovani saSualebis, wyaro SeiZleba iyos
uSualod mxare. amitom, warmomadgenels (advokats) ar
SeuZlia faqtis aRiareba. warmomadgenelma SeiZleba
gamoTqvas Tavisi mosazreba saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebaTa sarwmunoobisa da utyuarobis Sesaxeb, magram Caenacvlos mxares, rogorc mtkicebis saSualebaTa wyaros _ mas ar SeuZlia. marwmunebels, Tu amis survili da neba aqvs, TviTon SeuZlia cnos, aRiaros saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis esa Tu is garemoeba, im formiT, rac
am muxliTaa gansazRvruli. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu mxares ar surs, an ar SeuZlia monawileoba miiRos saqmis
242
zepir ganxilvaSi, mas SeuZlia werilobiTi formiT warudginos sasamarTlos Tavisi aRiareba faqtis Sesaxeb.
muxli 133. aRiarebis gaqarwyleba

mxaris mier
1. mxares SeuZlia sasamarTlos mier gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde gaaqarwylos
(uaryos) Tavisi aRiareba, Tu daamtkicebs,
rom es aRiareba iyo Secdomis Sedegi da
ganpirobebuli iyo iseTi garemoebiT, romelic cnobili gaxda misTvis aRiarebis
Semdeg, anda masze fsiqikuri Tu fizikuri
zemoqmedebiT, romelic gamoricxavda mis
Tavisufal nebas.
2. aRiarebis uaryofa sasamarTlom unda
daasabuTos Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi.
1. mxares, romelmac aRiara saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone esa Tu is faqti (garemoeba), ufleba aqvs Semdgom gaaqarwylos (uaryos) es aRiareba oRond kanoni
gansazRvravs amisaTvis aucilebel pirobebs. es pirobebia: a) aRiarebis gaqarwyleba gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde. gadawyvetilebis gamotanis Semdeg sasamarTlo, bunebrivia, veRarc ganixilavs aRiarebis gaqarwylebis sakiTxs da veRarc Secvlis Tavis gadawyvetilebas. es imas ar niSnavs, rom saapelacio sasamarTloSi aRar SeiZleba aRiarebis gaqarwylebis sakiTxi daisvas. saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia ganixilos es sakiTxi, Tu saapelacio sasamarTlos mier gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde iqneba dayenebuli mxaris mier 380e muxlis moTxovnaTa dacviT. b) mxarem, romelic moiTxovs mis mier gakeTebuli aRiarebis gaqarwylebas,
unda daamtkicos (damtkicebis tvirTi) Semdegi faqtebi: 1) aRiareba iyo Secdomis Sedegi; magaliTad,
gamnaTxovrebelma aRZra sarCeli mopasuxis mimarT
naTxovari nivTis ukan dabrunebis Sesaxeb. mopasuxem
243
(monaTxovrem) aRiara, rom man marTla inaTxovra sadavo nivTi, magram uvadod da amitom araa valdebuli daubrunos igi mosarCeles. Semdeg mopasuxem ganacxada,
rom faqtis aseTi aRiareba iyo Secdoma, radgan man nivTi saCuqrad momca da ara naTxovrobiT. Secdoma gamowveuli iyo misi iuridiuli gaunaTleblobiT; 2) mas
daemuqra mowinaaRmdege mxare samsaxuridan daTxovniT an mis Sesaxeb iseTi cnobebis gavrcelebiT, romelic laxavs mis pativsa da Rirsebas (fsiqikuri zemoqmedeba); 3) mas scemes da daemuqrnen fizikuri ganadgurebiT (fizikuri zemoqmedeba).
amrigad, faqtis aRiareba unda gamoxatavdes amRiareblis Tavisufal nebas da Tu amRiarebeli daamtkicebs, rom aseTi neba sinamdvileSi gamoricxuli iyo _
aRiareba gaqarwyldeba.
2. sasamarTlo ver Semoifargleba mxolod imaze miTiTebiT, rom mxarem uaryo Tavisi aRiareba. man Tavis
gadawyvetilebaSi unda miuTiTos, Tu ratom, am muxlis pirvel nawilSi miTiTebuli romeli garemoebis safuZvelze uaryo mxaris aRiareba.
244
T a v i
XVII
werilobiTi mtkicebuleba
muxli 134. werilobiTi
mtkicebulebebi da maTi wardgenis
wesi
1. werilobiT mtkicebulebebs warmoadgens aqtebi, sabuTebi, saqmiani da piradi
xasiaTis werilebi, romlebic Seicavs cnobebs saqmisaTvis mniSvnelovan garemoebaTa
Sesaxeb.
2. werilobiT mtkicebulebebs sasamarTlos warudgenen mxareebi. Tu mxarem ver
SeZlo werilobiTi mtkicebulebaTa miReba
im pirisagan, visTanac es mtkicebulebebi
imyofeba, mas SeuZlia iSuamdgomlos sasamarTlos winaSe, raTa sasamarTlom gamoiTxovos isini.
3. werilobiTi mtkicebulebis gamoTxovis Taobaze Suamdgomlobis aRmZvreli piri valdebulia miuTiTos, Tu saqmis ra
mniSvnelovani garemoebis dadgena SeiZleba am mtkicebulebiT da ras efuZneba misi
varaudi, rom mtkicebuleba mis mier miTiTebuli piris xelTaa.
4. werilobiTi mtkicebulebis gamoTxovaze uaris Tqma sasamarTlom unda daasabuTos Tavis ganCinebaSi, romelic calke
ar gasaCivrdeba.
1. werilobiTia mtkicebuleba, romelic werilobiTi niSnebis gamoyenebiT Seicavs cnobebs saqmisaTvis
mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebis Sesaxeb. amiT igi gansxvavdeba nivTieri mtkicebulebebisagan, romlebic
Tavisi TvisebiT an xarisxiT Seicaven aseT cnobebs
(154-e muxli).
245
werilobiTi mtkicebuleba sxvadasxva saxisa da sxvadasxva formis SeiZleba iyos, magaliTad: a) saqmiani Tu
piradi werilebi, xelwerilebi da ubralo werilobiTi
formiT Sedgenili dokumentebi; b) oficialuri formisa da Sinaarsis aqtebi (magaliTad, dabadebis mowmoba, qorwinebis mowmoba da a. S.); g) notarialurad damowmebuli xelSekrulebebi da a.S.
2. damtkicebis tvirTi ekisrebaT mxareebs (102-e
muxli). am zogadi principidan gamomdinare, werilobiTi mtkicebulebebi TviTon mxareebma unda warudginos sasamarTlos. mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mxarem
ver miiRo werilobiTi masalebi fizikuri Tu iuridiuli pirisagan, an ama Tu im saministrosagan, mas SeuZlia mimarTos sasamarTlos SuamdgomlobiT (gancxadebiT), rom gamoiTxovos es werilobiTi masalebi. aseT
SuamdgomlobebSi miTiTebuli unda iyos, rom miuxedavad araerTgzis mcdelobisa man ver miiRo es werilobiTi masalebi.
_ Suamdgomloba werilobiTi masalebis gamoTxovis
Sesaxeb unda aRiZras saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, radgan momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg, sasamarTlom SeiZleba ar daakmayofilos igi (215-e muxli).
3. 134-e muxlis me-3 nawili warmoadgens 104-e muxliT damkvidrebul mtkicebulebaTa gankuTvnadobis
principis dakonkretebas, romlis Tanaxmad sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos da ar unda gamoiTxovos iseTi mtkicebuleba, romelsac ar aqvs mniSvneloba saqmisaTvis.
mtkicebulebas ar SeiZleba hqondes mniSvneloba
Tu igi araa mimarTuli saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebis dadasturebisaken.
amitom evaleba Suamdgomlobis aRmZvrel pirs miuTiTos, Tu romeli garemoebis dadgena SeiZleba gamosaTxovi werilobiTi mtkicebulebiT.
_ werilobiTi mtkicebulebis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelSic miTiTebuli
unda iyos: a) organo an piri, romelic valdebulia warmoadginos werilobiTi masalebi; b) am werilobiTi ma246
salebis individualuri (ganmasxvavebeli) niSnebi; g)

gadmogzavnis vada. es ganCineba SeiZleba xelze mieces
dainteresebul mxares, rac daaCqarebda am masalebis
gadmogzavnas. werilobiTi masalebi sasamarTlom unda moiTxovos dednis saxiT (135-e muxli).
4. werilobiTi mtkicebulebis gamoTxovaze uaris
Tqmis ganCineba SeiZleba dasabuTdes imiT, rom garemoebas, romlis dadasturebac unda Suamdgomlobis
aRmZvrel pirs, ar aqvs raime mniSvneloba saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis, an kidev, Suamdgomloba werilobiTi mtkicebulebebis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb sapatio
mizezis gareSe aRZrulia saqmis momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg mTavar sxdomaze an uSualod am sxdomis
dawyebis win (215-e muxli).
muxli 135. werilobiTi

mtkicebulebis dednis wardgena
werilobiTi mtkicebuleba, rogorc wesi,
wardgenil unda iqnes dednis saxiT. Tu
wardgenilia sabuTis asli, sasamarTlos,
mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT an Tavisi iniciativiT, SeuZlia moiTxovos dednis wardgena. piri SeiZleba ganTavisufldes dednis
wardgenisagan mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
daamtkicebs, rom aseTi sabuTis wardgena
garkveuli mizeziT, romelsac sasamarTlo
safuZvlianad miiCnevs, SeuZlebelia. sabuTis aslisaTvis mtkicebulebiTi mniSvnelobis miniWeba damokidebulia sasamarTlos Sexedulebaze.
1. iseT pirobebSi, rodesac teqnikis ganviTarebam
miaRwia arnaxul masStabebs da dokumentis gayalbeba
TiTqmis araviTar siZneles ar warmoadgens. werilobiTi sabuTebis dednis saxiT warmodgenas sasamarTloSi
gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba unda mieniWos.
247
_ imisaTvis, rom mxare dedani sabuTis wardgenis movaleobisagan ganTavisufldes, man unda daamtkicos,
rom dedani sabuTi ganadgurda xanZrisagan, raime stiqiuri movlenisagan da sxva.
_ yvela SemTxvevaSi, mieniWos Tu ara sabuTis aslebs
mtkicebulebiTi mniSvneloba damokidebulia sasamarTlos mixedulebaze, romelmac am sakiTxis gadawyvetis dros mxedvelobaSi unda miiRos mxareTa mosazrebebi.
amrigad, sabuTis aslis mtkicebulebad gamoyeneba
ar ikrZaleba, magram rogorc sworad miuTiTa saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos didma palatam `sasamarTlos mixeduleba, romlis safuZvelzec sabuTis asls
eniWeba mtkicebulebiTi mniSvneloba, unda iyos dasabuTebuli, xolo mosazrebebi, romlebic safuZvlad
udevs sasamarTlos mixedulebas, unda iyos asaxuli
gadawyvetilebaSi.22
_ werilobiTi mtkicebulebis aslisaTvis mtkicebulebiTi mniSvnelobis miniWeba jer kidev ar niSnavs
imas, rom saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone esa Tu is faqti dadasturebulad (damtkicebulad) CaiTvalos. sasamarTlo afasebs warmodgenil mtkicebulebebs maT
erTobliobaSi da Tavisi Sinagani rwmeniT. ise rogorc
dednis saxiT warmodgenili werilobiTi masalebi, maTi aslebic sasamarTlom SeiZleba uaryos, rogorc arasarwmuno, romlebic ewinaaRmdegeba saqmeSi arsebul
sxva mtkicebulebebs.
muxli 136. sasamarTlosaTvis

werilobiTi mtkicebulebebis
wardgenis savaldebulooba
1. gamoTxovil werilobiT mtkicebulebebs moqalaqeebi da iuridiuli pirebi ga-
22
248
daugzavnian sasamarTlos daniSnul vadaSi. Tu maT ar SeuZliaT am vadaSi waradginon es sabuTebi, isini valdebulni arian
acnobon sasamarTlos amis Sesaxeb mizezebis miTiTebiT.
2. Seutyobineblobis, agreTve im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac werilobiTi mtkicebulebis wardgenis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos moTxovna arasapatio mizeziT ar Sesrulda, sasamarTlo moqalaqes an sawarmos, dawesebulebis, organizaciis xelmZRvanels anda Sesabamis Tanamdebobis pirs ajarimebs 50 lariT.
3. dajarimeba ar aTavisuflebs moqalaqes an Sesabamis Tanamdebobis pirs sasamarTlos mier gamoTxovili werilobiTi mtkicebulebis wardgenis movaleobisagan.
4. werilobiTi mtkicebulebis ganmeorebiT warudgenlobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo ajarimebs Sesabamis pirebs pirveli jarimis xuTmagi odenobiT.
5. Tu werilobiTi mtkicebulebis wardgenaze arasapatio mizeziT uars ambobs
erT-erTi mxare, romelic ar uaryofs, rom
mtkicebuleba mis xelTaa, sasamarTlos
SeuZlia mtkicebulebis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobis aRmZvreli piri gaaTavisuflos im faqtis mtkicebis tvirTisagan, romelic am mtkicebulebiT unda daedasturebina da aseTi tvirTi gadaakisros
mxares, romelic uars ambobs werilobiTi
mtkicebulebis wardgenaze.
1. nebismieri fizikuri Tu iuridiuli piri, nebismieri Tanamdebobis piri, valdebulia gadaugzavnos sasamarTlos mis mier gamoTxovili werilobiTi sabuTebi Tu
sxva masalebi amave sasamarTlos mier dadgenil vadaSi.
249
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili iTvaliswinebs sanqcias aRniSnuli movaleobis SeusruleblobisaTvis.

werilobiTi mtkicebulebis wardgenis movaleoba ar
iTvleba Sesrulebulad da am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli sanqcia SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes Semdeg SemTxvevebSi:
a) Tu pirma, romlisganac sasamarTlom gamoiTxova
mtkicebuleba, ar gadaugzavna daniSnul vadaSi Seatyobina sasamarTlos am vadaSi werilobiTi mtkicebulebebis gadaugzavnelobis mizezebis Sesaxeb;
b) Tu Setyobineba marTalia gadaugzavna sasamarTlos, magram sasamarTlom arasapatiod miiCnia aseTi masalebis warudgenloba (mizezebi ris gamoc isini ar
iqnen wardgenilni).
3. dajarimeba SeiZleba moqalaqis (fizikuri piris),
an im Tanamdebobis piris, visi braliTac ar gadaegzavna sasamarTlos gamoTxovili werilobiTi masalebi, amitom, sasamarTlom Tavisi iniciativiT unda gaarkvios
Sesabamisi organizaciis romeli Tanamdebobis pirs miuZRvis brali gamoTxovili masalebis gadaugzavnelobaSi. amis garkvevisaTvis unda gaugzavnos SekiTxva organizaciis xelmZRvanels. Tu am xelmZRvanelisaganac
ar movida pasuxi, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba uSualod am xelmZRvanelis dajarimebis Sesaxeb.
_ ganCineba unda Seicavdes miTiTebas, rom ganmeorebiT werilobiTi masalebis warudgenlobis SemTxvevaSi piri dajarimdeba xuTmagi odenobiT.
4. am muxlis me-5 nawils mxedvelobaSi yavs mxolod
mxare _ mosarCele, mopasuxe, mesame piri damoukidebeli moTxovniT. Tu aseTi piri, sul erTia fizikuri,
Tu iuridiuli piria igi, ar uaryofs, rom mtkicebuleba masTan inaxeba, magram uars ambobs arasapatio
mizeziT mis wardgenaze sasamarTloSi, sasamarTlos,
romelmac gamoiTxova es werilobiTi mtkicebuleba,
SeuZlia ivaraudos faqti damtkicebulad werilobiTi mtkicebulebis gamoTxovaze Suamdgomlobis aRmZvreli piris sasargeblod da am varaudis gaqarwyle250
bis mizniT mtkicebis tvirTi gadaakisros mxares, romelic uars ambobs mis wardgenaze sasamarTloSi.
muxli 137. gancxadeba sabuTis

siyalbis Sesaxeb
1. mxares ufleba aqvs saqmis winaswari
sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis momzadebis stadiaze ganacxados, rom wardgenili sabuTi
yalbia. aseTi gancxadeba mas SeuZlia gaakeTos agreTve saqmis sasamarTlo sxdomaze
ganxilvis drosac, Tu es sabuTi wardgenil iqna am sasamarTlo sxdomaze, an adre
wardgenili sabuTis siyalbe misTvis cnobili gaxda sasamarTlo sxdomaze.
2. mtkicebulebis warmdgen mxares SeuZlia sTxovos sasamarTlos mtkicebulebebidan sadavo sabuTis amoricxva da saqmis
gadawyveta saqmeSi arsebuli sxva mtkicebulebebis safuZvelze. aseTi Txovnis
ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo Seamowmebs sabuTis namdvilobas, risTvisac SeuZlia daniSnos eqspertiza, moiTxovos damatebiTi mtkicebulebebis warmodgena an
gamoiTxovos sxva mtkicebulebebi.
3. Tu sasamarTlo miva im daskvnamde,
rom wardgenili sabuTi yalbia, mas mtkicebulebidan gamoricxavs.
4. wardgenil werilobiT mtkicebulebaTa namdvilobis Semowmeba SeiZleba sasamarTlos iniciativiT.
5. Tu dadasturebulia wardgenili sabuTis siyalbe, sasamarTlo gamoitans dasabuTebul ganCinebas da am dokuments misi siyalbis damadasturebeli mtkicebulebebiT gadascems sagamoZiebo organoebs.
251
1. sabuTis siyalbis Sesaxeb gancxadebis gakeTeba

dasaSvebia mxolod saqmis momzadebis stadiaze. mxolod or SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia mxares siyalbis Sesaxeb
gancxadeba gaakeTos sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze
pirveli, roca werilobiTi sabuTi wardgenili iqna
mTavar sxdomaze da, cxadia, amitom gamoricxuli iyo
am sabuTis siyalbis Sesaxeb gancxadebis gakeTeba momzadebis stadiaze da meore, roca sabuTis siyalbe
misTvis cnobili gaxda swored am sxdomaze, rac man
unda daudasturos sasamarTlos. Tu arcerT SemTxvevas ar aqvs adgili, maSin sasamarTlo ar ganixilavs
sabuTis siyalbis Sesaxeb gancxadebas, ris Sesaxebac
gamoitans ganCinebas, romelzec saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba.
2. sabuTis siyalbis damtkicebis tvirTi ar ekisreba mxares, romelmac gaakeTa gancxadeba aseTi siyalbis Sesaxeb. piriqiT, mxarem, romelmac es sabuTi warmoadgina, mas ekisreba am sabuTis namdvilobis damtkicebis tvirTi. es imas niSnavs, rom werilobiTi sabuTis namdvilobis varaudi (prezumfcia) gaqarwyldeba
mowinaaRmdege mxaris ubralo gancxadebiT, rom igi
yalbia.
_ sabuTis namdvilobis damtkicebis tvirTi moixsneba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mxare moiTxovs mis amoricxvas saqmis masalebidan aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda amoricxos es sabuTi mtkicebulebebidan.
mowinaaRmdege mxaris Tanxmoba aseT amoricxvaze
saWiro araa. magram, Tu mxare ar moiTxovs amas maSin
sabuTis namdvilobis damtkicebis tvirTi ar moixsneba da unda Semowmdes da dadasturdes es namdviloba
am muxlis me-2 nawiliT dadgenili wesiT.
3. sabuTi unda amoiricxos mtkicebulebidan im SemTxvevaSic, roca misi namdviloba ver dadasturda da
sasamarTlom CaTvala, rom igi yalbia.
4. sasamarTlo afasebs saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebebs uwinares yovlisa im TvalsazrisiT, ramdenad
sarwmuno da utyuaria es mtkicebulebebi. ra Tqma un252
da, mxareebs da maT warmomadgenlebs SeuZliaT gamoTqvan TavianTi mosazrebebi am TvalsazrisiT. magram
mtkicebulebaTa saboloo Sefaseba sasamarTlos prerogativaa. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu sasamarTlos eWvi
epareba romelime mtkicebulebis namdvilobaSi, mas SeuZlia kanoniT dadgenili wesiT da saSualebebiT, maT
Soris eqspertizis saSualebiT, Tavisi iniciativiT
Seamowmos mtkicebuleba.
5. me-5 nawili Seicavs kategoriul moTxovnas imis
Sesaxeb, rom sadavo sabuTis siyalbis dadasturebis
SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom gamoitanos motivirebuli
ganCineba da dokumenti, misi siyalbis damadasturebeli mtkicebulebebiT gadasces sagamoZiebo organoebs.
_ sasamarTlos ganCineba aris mxolod sisxlis samarTlis saqmis aRZvris safuZveli. am ganCinebas ar
aqvs preiudiciuli Zala sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlosaTvis da arc sagamoZiebo organoebisaTvis. es imas niSnavs, rom sagamoZiebo organoebma da sisxlis samarTlis ganmxilvelma sasamarTlom
SeiZleba sul sxva gadawyvetileba miiRon, vidre samoqalaqo saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos ganCinebiTaa gansazRvruli.
_ erTmaneTisagan unda gavmijnoT mtkicebulebis saxiT warmodgenili dokumentis siyalbis sakiTxis ganxilva-gadawyveta, rac mimarTulia am dokumentis mtkicebulebiTi mniSvnelobis gaqarwylebisaken da sarCelebi dokumentebis siyalbis dadgenis Sesaxeb, romelTa ganxilvis Sedegad sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ara ganCineba, aramed gadawyvetileba (180-e muxli).
253
muxli 138. werilobiT

mtkicebulebaTa amonaweris
wardgena da maTi daTvaliereba
Senaxvis adgilze
sasamarTloSi sabuTebis wardgenis siZnelisas sasamarTlos SeuZlia moiTxovos saTanado wesiT Semowmebuli amonawerebis
wardgena an moaxdinos werilobiT mtkicebulebaTa daTvaliereba da gamokvleva maTi Senaxvis adgilze.
1. damtkicebis tvirTi (movaleoba) ekisreba mxareebs. am movaleobis Sesasruleblad maT unda warudginon mtkicebulebebi sasamarTlos, magram Tu sabuTebis simravlisa da gadatanis TvalsazrisiT es Znelia,
sasamarTlo saqmis momzadebis stadiaze SeiZleba dakmayofildes am sabuTebis saTanadod damowmebuli aslebis warmodgeniT. Tu aseTi amonawerebis gakeTeba da
damowmeba dakavSirebulia xarjebTan _ es xarjebi unda gaiRos mxareebma, Tu damowmebuli amonawerebis gakeTeba sasamarTlos iniciativiT xdeba. magram, Tu aseTi amonawerebis gakeTeba romelime mxaris iniciativiT xdeba, maSin xarjebi winaswar unda gaiRos am mxarem.
_ werilobiTi mtkicebulebebis daTvaliereba da gamokvleva maTi Senaxvis adgilze xdeba 120-126-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.
muxli 139. dedani sabuTebis Senaxva

da dabruneba
saqmeSi arsebuli dedani sabuTebi sasamarTloSi erTad inaxeba. aseTi sabuTebi,
maTi warmdgenis TxovniT, SeiZleba daubrundes masve, magram saqmeSi unda darCes
254
mosamarTlis mier Semowmebuli dedani

sabuTebis aslebi.
- am muxlSi laparakia mxolod dedani sabuTebis
dabrunebaze, romlebic SeiZleba daubrundes am
sabuTebis warmdgens mxolod gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg.
- aseTi sabuTebi SeiZleba daubrundes maT warmomdgen pirs gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde an mis kanonier
ZalaSi Sesvlamdec, Tu maTi dabrunebiT ziani ar miadgeba saqmis ganxilvisa da miRebuli gadawyvetilebis zemdgomi instanciis sasamarTloebis mier Semowmebis interesebs.
_ Tu dedani sabuTebi ubrundeba maT warmdgens, sasamarTlo valdebulia gadaiRos aslebi, daamowmos
isini mosamarTlem da Seinaxos sasamarTloSi (daurTos saqmes). dedani sabuTebis dabrunebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs motivirebuli ganCineba, romelzec
kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba.
255
T a v i XVIII
mowmeTa Gveneba
muxli 140. mowmis gamoZaxeba
1. mowmed SeiZleba iyos yoveli piri, romlisTvisac cnobilia raime garemoeba saqmis Sesaxeb.
2. mowme SeiZleba gamocxaddes sasamarTloSi dainteresebuli mxaris meSveobiT.
3. mxare, romelic Suamdgomlobs sasamarTlos winaSe ama Tu im piris mowmed
daSvebisa da dakiTxvis, agreTve misi sasamarTlos meSveobiT gamoZaxebis Sesaxeb,
valdebulia miuTiTos misi saxeli, gvari
da sacxovrebeli adgili, agreTve is, Tu
saqmisTvis mniSvnelobis mqone ra garemoebis dadastureba SeuZlia mowmes.
4. sasamarTlos SeuZlia uari Tqvas gamoZaxebuli mowmis dakiTxvaze an ar gamoiZaxos igi, Tu cnobs, rom garemoebebs,
romelTa dasadasturebladac iZaxeben mowmes, ara aqvT raime mniSvneloba saqmis arsebiTad gadawyvetisaTvis.
1. zogadi principis Tanaxmad mowmed SeiZleba iyos
nebismieri piri, romelsac SeuZlia miawodos sasamarTlos cnobebi saqmis garemoebebis Sesaxeb.
gamonaklisebs am zogadi wesidan gansazRvravs kanoni, romlis Tanaxmad pirma SeiZleba icodes saqmis
garemoebis Sesaxeb, magram miuxedavad amisa ar SeiZleba, gamoZaxebuli da dakiTxuli iqnes mowmis saxiT
(141-e muxli).
2. mowme SeiZleba daasaxelos mxarem. sasamarTlos
(mosamarTles) ar SeuZlia TviTon daasaxelos mowme,
gamouZaxos da dakiTxos igi.
256
mowmis dasaxeleba mxares SeuZlia saqmis momzadebis stadiaze (201-e muxlis me-2 nawilis `v~ qvepunqti).
_ saqmis momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg, kerZod sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze an uSualod misi dawyebis
win, mowmis dasaxeleba da Suamdgomloba misi gamoZaxebis Sesaxeb dauSvebelia, Tu mxares ar hqonda sapatio mizezi, ris gamoc ver SeZlo misi droulad dasaxeleba (215-e muxli).
3. mowmis dasaxelebis droisaTvis sasamarTlom unda icodes mxareTa sasarCelo moTxovnebisa da Sesageblis faqtobrivi safuZvlebi, aqedan gamomdinare,
sasamarTlom gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda miaqcios imas, Tu romeli faqtis dadasturebis mizniT Suamdgomlobs mxare mowmis gamoZaxebisa da dakiTxvis Sesaxeb. Tu aRmoCndeba, rom am faqts ara aqvs saqmis gadawyvetisaTvis raime mniSvneloba, sasamarTlom uari
unda uTxras mxares mowmis gamoZaxebaze.
_ mowmis gamoZaxebaze da dakiTxvaze uaris Tqmis
Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelzec ar
SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana (104-e muxli).
_ mowmis gamoZaxeba warmoebs 70-e -78-e muxlebiT
dadgenili wesiT.
muxli 141. pirebi, romlebic ar

SeiZleba dakiTxul iqnen mowmed
mowmed yvela SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba
gamoZaxebul da dakiTxul iqnes:
a) piri, romelsac Tavisi fizikuri an
fsiqikuri naklis gamo ar SeuZlia swored
aRiqvas faqtebi da misces maT Sesaxeb swori Cveneba;
b) sasuliero piri _ im garemoebaTa Sesaxeb, romlebic mas gaandves aRsarebis dros;
g) warmomadgenlebi samoqalaqo saqmeebsa
da damcvelebi sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze _ iseT garemoebebTan dakavSirebiT, rom257
lebic maTTvis cnobili gaxda maT mier

warmomadgenlis an damcvelis movaleobis
Sesrulebisas.
141-e muxlis à~ da `b~qvepunqtebis mimarT unda iTqvas igive, rac ukve iTqva 129-e muxlis komentirebisas.
g) warmomadgenlebi, maT Soris advokatebi (damcvelebi), damoukideblad imisa, sisxlis Tu samoqalaqo
saqmeebze gamodiodnen isini, ar SeiZleba mowmed iqnen dakiTxuli mxolod iseTi garemoebis Sesaxeb, romelic cnobili gaxda maTTvis TavianTi profesiuli
saqmianobis Sesrulebis wyalobiT. rac Seexeba sxva
faqtebs da garemoebebs, isini SeiZleba dakiTxul iqnen rogorc mowmeebi, magram aseT SemTxvevaSi ver gamovlen mxaris warmomadgenlad procesSi. mowmisa da
warmomadgenlis (advokatis) funqciis SeTavseba ar SeiZleba.
muxli 142. Cvenebis micemaze uaris

Tqmis ufleba
1. Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis ufleba
aqvT:
a) mxareTa meuRleebs;
b) axlo naTesavebs _ Svilebs, SviliSvilebs, Zmebs, debs, mSoblebs, mSvileblebs,
Svilobilebs, mzrunvelebs, meurveebs, bebiebs, papebs;
g) pirebs, romlebic TavianTi samsaxurebrivi mdgomareobis gamo valdebulni arian daicvan saidumloeba, Tu isini ganTavisuflebulni ar arian am movaleobisagan.
2. Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqma dasaSvebia, Tu Cvenebis micema gamoiwvevs mowmis
an misi axlo naTesavis mimarT sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebas an miayenebs
maT qonebriv zians
258
1. mowmed dabarebuli piri valdebulia gamocxaddes sasamarTloSi da misces swori Cveneba. am valdebulebis SeusruleblobisaTvis gaTvaliswinebulia pasuxismgebloba (145-e muxli).
aseTi valdebulebisagan Tavisufldebian pirebi,
romlebisTvisac Tumca cnobilia saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebi, magram ganekuTvnebian im pirTa kategorias, romlebic CamoTvlilia am muxlis pirvel nawilSi, maT Soris pirebi, romlebic valdebuli
arian daicvan saidumloeba (ix. 129-e muxlis `g~ qvepunqtis komentari).
2. am muxlis pirvel nawilSi CamoTvlil pirebs ufleba aqvT uari Tqvan Cvenebis micemaze mxolod im pirobiT, Tu es gamoiwvevs mis an axlo naTesavis mimarT
sisxlis samarTlis saqmis aRZvras, an miayenebs maT qonebriv zians. magaliTad, axlo naTesav mowmes ufleba
aqvs ar misces Cveneba imis Sesaxeb, rom xanZari gamowveuli iyo misi mSoblis uxeSi gaufrTxileblobiT, rasac moyva mosarCelis qonebis ganadgureba da a. S. magram Tu mowmes SeuZlia daadasturos nasyidobis, qiravnobis, sesxis da a. S. xelSekruleba _ es ar SeiZleba
ganvixiloT rogorc qonebrivi zianis miyeneba misi axlo naTesavisaTvis, amitom, aseTi garemoebebis Sesaxeb mowme valdebulia misces Cveneba (143-e muxlis à~
qvepunqti).
_ Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqma damajereblad unda
daasabuTos mowmem (144-e muxli).
muxli 143. Cvenebis micemis

valdebuleba Cvenebis micemaze
uaris Tqmis uflebis miuxedavad
Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis uflebis
miuxedavad piri valdebulia misces Cveneba, Tu:
a) saWiroa dadasturdes garigeba, rom259
lis dadebisas igi miwveuli iyo mowmed;

b) gasarkvevia ojaxis wevris dabadebis,
daqorwinebis an gardacvalebis sakiTxebi;
g) ama Tu im samarTlebrivi urTierTobebis damyarebisas igi moqmedebda, rogorc
erT-erTi mxaris warmomadgeneli.
1. es muxli Seicavs iseTi SemTxvevebis amomwurav
CamonaTvals, rodesac Tumca arsebobs Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis ufleba, rac gaTvaliswinebulia 142e muxliT, magram miuxedavad amisa piri valdebulia
misces Cveneba.
aseTi SemTxvevebia:
a) roca saWiroa dadasturdes iseTi garigeba, romlis dadebisas piri miwveuli iyo mowmed.
`sanotaro moqmedebaTa Sesrulebis wesis Sesaxeb~
instruqciis me-20 muxlis Tanaxmad, mowmeTa daswreba
savaldebuloa, Tu dasamowmebelia aqti, romlis erTerTi monawile aris yru-munji, yru, brma, werakiTxvis
armcodne. mowmeTa daswreba savaldebuloa im SemTxvevaSic, roca daswrebas moiTxovs notariusi an sanotaro aqtis romelime monawile. imave muxliT gansazRvrulia, Tu vin ar SeiZleba iyos mowme. instruqciis
25-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `d~ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad,
sanotaro aqtSi aucileblad unda iyos miTiTebuli `sanotaro aqtis yvela monawilis (maT Soris mowmis, Tarjimnis) saxeli, gvari, dabadebis adgili da TariRi, sacxovrebeli adgili da sxva~.
_ amrigad, sasamarTloSi dasadasturebeli garigeba unda Seicavdes cnobebs imis Sesaxeb, Tu vin eswreboda am garigebis dadebisas mowmed. es pirebi valdebuli arian gamocxaddnen sasamarTloSi da miscen Cveneba im SemTxvevaSic ki, roca aqvT ufleba ar miscen
Cveneba sasamarTlos (142-e muxli).
_ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis uflebis mqone piri marTalia nebiT Tu uneblieT eswreboda garigebis dadebas, magram ara rogorc
260
mowme da, amitom, igi arcaa moxseniebuli am garigebaSi

rogorc mowme. aseT SemTxvevaSi es piri, romelic sargeblobs Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis uflebiT, araa
valdebuli misces Cveneba, radgan igi ar iyo mowveuli
rogorc mowme. amitom, sasamarTlosaTvis Cvenebis micema am piris neba-survilzea damokidebuli.
b) roca saWiroa gairkves ojaxis wevris dabadebis,
daqorwinebis an gardacvalebis sakiTxebi.
es qvepunqti Seicavs im faqtiuri garemoebebis amomwurav CamonaTvals, romelTa arseboba-ararsebobis dadasturebis mizniT SeiZleba daikiTxos Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis uflebis mqone piri (142-e muxli).
g) roca piri moqmedebda rogorc warmomadgeneli.
samoqalaqo kodeqsis 103-e muxlis Tanaxmad `garigeba
SeiZleba daidos warmomadgenlis meSveobiTac, anda
warmoiSoba davalebis (mindobiloba) safuZvelze~.
kanonieri warmomadgenlis mowmed dakiTxvis sakiTxi ar dgas maSin, roca isini qmeduunaro an SezRudul
qmedunarianobis mqone piris uflebebs TviTon icaven.
aseT SemTxvevaSi isini gvevlineba mxareebad da maTgan SeiZleba axsna-ganmartebis miReba (101-e muxli).
magram, roca garigebas debs warmomadgeneli davalebis (mindobilobis) safuZvelze, maSin es warmomadgeneli kidec rom sargeblobdes Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis uflebiT, mainc valdebulia misces Cveneba
sasamarTlos am garigebis dadebasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze.
muxli 144. mowmis movaleoba

daasabuTos uaris Tqma Cvenebis
micemaze
mowmem, romelic uars ambobs Cvenebis micemaze, unda daasabuTos es uari. sakiTxi
imis Sesaxeb, aqvs Tu ara mowmes ufleba,
uari Tqvas Cvenebis micemaze, sabolood
gadawydeba sasamarTlos mier.
261
1. piris gancxadeba imis Sesaxeb, rom mas ufleba aqvs

ar misces Cveneba ar kmara. man unda daasabuTos (daadasturos), rom aseTi ufleba aqvs. Cvenebis micemaze
uaris Tqmis uflebis dadastureba- damtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba pirs, romelic aseT uflebaze akeTebs gancxadebas. magaliTad, Tu mowmed dasaxelebuli piri
acxadebs, rom igi romelime mxaris axlo naTesavia, unda warmoudginos sasamarTlos amis damadasturebeli
dokumenti (142-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `b~ qvepunqti), an kidev, daasabuTos, rom Cvenebis micema konkretuli faqtis mimarT gamoiwvevs uSualod mis an misi
axlo naTesavi mxaris mimarT sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobas da a. S. (142-e muxlis me-2 nawili).
2. Tu ramdenad SeZlo mowmed dasaxelebulma pirma
daemtkicebina da damajereblad daedasturebina Tavisi ufleba uari Tqvas Cvenebis micemaze, sabolood
afasebs da wyvets sasamarTlo.
mowmed dasaxelebuli piris Cvenebis micemisagan gaTavisuflebis, an aseT gaTavisuflebaze uaris Tqmis
Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelzec ar
SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.
muxli 145. mowmis movaleoba

1. mowmed dabarebuli piri valdebulia
gamocxaddes sasamarTloSi da misces swori Cveneba. mowmis sasamarTloSi arasapatio mizeziT gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi igi dajarimdeba 50 lariT. sasamarTlom SeiZleba daadginos mowmis iZulebiTi
moyvana.
2. Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmisa da ganzrax araswori Cvenebis micemisaTvis mowmes SeiZleba daekisros sisxlis samarTlis
pasuxismgebloba.
262
1. mowmed dabarebul pirs, agreTve mowmed dasaxelebul pirs, romelsac sasamarTlos ganCinebiT ar aqvs
ufleba uari Tqvas Cvenebis micemaze (144-e muxli),
ekisreba ori saxis movaleoba: a) gamocxaddes sasamarTloSi daniSnul dros da b) misces swori Cveneba.
2. am movaleobaTa Sesruleba uzrunvelyofilia ara
marto samoqalaqo saproceso sanqciiT, aramed sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobiT, rac gaTvaliswinebulia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 370-e
da 371-e muxlebiT.
muxli 146. mowmis ufleba

1. mowmes ufleba aqvs moiTxovos sasamarTloSi gamoZaxebasTan dakavSirebuli
xarjebis anazRaureba kanoniT dadgenili
wesiT.
2. sasamarTlos SeuZlia daavalos mxares, romlis SuamdgomlobiTac gamoZaxebulia mowme, winaswar gadaixados mowmis
sasamarTloSi gamoZaxebasa da dakiTxvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi. aseT SemTxvevaSi mowmes gamoiZaxebs sasamarTlo mas Semdeg, rac mxare Seasrulebs aRniSnuli xarjebis gadaxdis movaleobas.
1. mowmis gamoZaxebasTan da mis sasamarTloSi gamocxadebasTan dakavSirebiT gaweuli xarjebis anazRaurebas iTvaliswinebs 45-e muxlis pirveli da me-3 nawilebi (ix. am muxlis komentari).
2. Tu mowme mimarTavs sasamarTlos SuamdgomlobiT,
rom mas es xarjebi winaswar gadauxadon da sasamarTlo amas mizanSewonilad CaTvlis, maSin mas gamoaqvs ganCineba aseTi xarjebis im mxarisagan winaswari gadaxdis
Sesaxeb, romelmac iSuamdgomla sasamarTlos winaSe am
mowmis gamoZaxebis Sesaxeb.
Tu mxarem ar gadaixada ganCinebaSi miTiTebuli xar263
jebi daniSnul vadaSi, maSin sasamarTlo ar gamoiZaxebs

mowmes an gamoiZaxebs, oRond im pirobiT, Tu es ar gamoiwvevs saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebas da mTavari
sxdomis sxva droisaTvis gadadebas.
mowmis gamoZaxebasTan da dakiTxvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis dagvianebiT gadaxda ar SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebis mizniT.
muxli 147. mowmis dakiTxva mis

adgilsamyofelze
mowmis dakiTxva warmoebs Ria sasamarTlo sxdomaze. mowme SeiZleba daikiTxos
mis adgilsamyofelze, Tu:
a) avadmyofobis, moxucebulobis, invalidobis an sxva sapatio mizeziT mas ar SeuZlia gamocxaddes sasamarTloSi;
b) saqmis garemoebaTa mixedviT misi adgilze dakiTxva ufro mizanSewonilia.
g) dakiTxul unda iqnes ramdenime mowme,
romlebic erT adgilas cxovroben da maTi
sasamarTloSi gamoZaxeba da dakiTxva dakavSirebuli iqneboda did xarjebTan;
d) sxva SemTxvevebSi _ sasamarTlos Sexedulebisamebr.
_ es muxli gansazRvravs mowmis dakiTxvis or adgilmdebareobas: pirveli _ mowme unda daikiTxos sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze. es imas niSnavs, rom mowme ar SeiZleba daikiTxos saqmis winaswari momzadebis
wesiT da meore _ mowme SeiZleba daikiTxos misi faqtobrivi adgilsamyofelis mixedviT am muxlis à~, `b~
da `g~ qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi. am
SemTxvevebis CamonaTvali araa amomwuravi da sasamarTlos SeuZlia mowmis dakiTxva misi adgilsamyofelis
mixedviT, Tu es ufro mizanSewonilia.
_ mowmis misi adgilsamyofelis mixedviT dakiTx264
vis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelSic

garda Cveulebrivi rekvizitebisa, miTiTebuli unda
iyos misi dakiTxvis adgili (misamarTi) da dro.
_ mowmis dakiTxva unda moxdes kanoniT dadgenili
wesiT (148-e muxli), romelic kerZod, iTvaliswinebs
mxareebis mier mowmisaTvis SekiTxvebis micemis uflebas. amitom, mowmis adgilze dakiTxvis Sesaxeb aucileblad unda ecnobos mxareebs. maTi gamoucxadebloba mowmis dakiTxvas ver daabrkolebs.
_ ganCineba mowmis adgilsamyofelis mixedviT dakiTxvis Sesaxeb ar gasaCivrdeba.
muxli 148. mowmis dakiTxva

1. yoveli mowme calke unda daikiTxos.
mowmeebi, romlebsac jer ar miuciaT Cveneba, ar unda iyvnen sasamarTlo sxdomis
darbazSi. dakiTxuli mowmeebi rCebian sasamarTlo sxdomaTa darbazSi saqmis ganxilvis damTavrebamde da ar SeuZliaT gavidnen darbazidan sasamarTlos nebarTvis
gareSe.
2. mowmis dakiTxva iwyeba misi pirovnebis
garkveviT (saxeli, gvari, sacxovrebeli da
saqmianobis adgili da a. S.). amis Semdeg
sasamarTlo arkvevs mowmis damokidebulebas saqmeSi monawile pirebTan da winadadebiT mimarTavs mas acnobos sasamarTlos
yvelaferi, rac misTvis piradad cnobilia
saqmis garemoebaTa Sesaxeb.
3. mowme Tavisufali TxrobiT gadmoscems yovelives, rac man icis am garemoebaTa Sesaxeb. mxolod amis Semdeg SeiZleba
mieces mas SekiTxvebi.
4. pirvelad SekiTxvas aZlevs mxare, romlis iniciativiTac daibares mowme an mxaris warmomadgeneli, Semdeg _ mowinaaRmde265
ge mxare an misi warmomadgeneli, konkretuli SekiTxvis micemis mizanSewonilobis

sakiTxs wyvets sasamarTlo.
5. mosamarTles SeuZlia SekiTxva misces
mowmes dakiTxvis yvela momentSi.
1. mowmeTa calke dakiTxvis mniSvneloba SeiZleba
mdgomareobdes imaSi, rom ar moaxdinon gavlena erTmaneTze Cvenebis micemisas. dakiTxuli mowmis sxdomis damTavrebamde darbazSi yofnas ki SeiZleba is mniSvneloba hqondes, rom SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes misi ganmeorebiT dakiTxva an sxva mowmeebTan dapirispireba
(149-e muxli).
2. mowmis pirovnebis garkveva aucilebelia ara mxolod imisaTvis, rom icodes sasamarTlom da mxareebma
vis dakiTxvas apireben, aramed SeimuSaos am mowmis dakiTxvis taqtika. mowmis damokidebulebis garkvevas
mxareebTan (megobroba, daintereseba saqmis SedegiT
da a. S.) aqvs sasamarTlosaTvis mniSvneloba misi Cvenebis Sefasebis dros. dakiTxvis dawyebis win sasamarTlo afrTxilebs mowmes araswori Cvenebis micemisaTvis pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb. aseTi gafrTxileba Sedis oqmSi, razec xels awers mowme.
3. mowmis dakiTxvis dawyeba SekiTxvebis micemiT dauSvebelia. SekiTxvebi mowmes SeiZleba mieces mxolod
mas Semdeg, rodesac Tavisufali TxrobiT gadmoscems
yvelafers, rac icis saqmis garemoebebis Sesaxeb.
SekiTxvebis micemis aucilebloba ganpirobebulia
imiT, rom Tavisufali TxrobiT gadmocemuli Cveneba,
rogorc wesi, araa yovelTvis sruli. am xarvezis Sevsebas da Cvenebis dakonkretebas emsaxureba SekiTxvebis micema. sasamarTlom araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda dauSvas SekiTxvebis micema mowmisaTvis, sanam igi
ar daamTavrebs Txrobas.
4. sasamarTlom ganuxrelad unda daicvas SekiTxvebis micemis rigiToba, romelic dadgenilia am muxlis me-4 nawiliT. amasTan erTad, Tu mxaris mier mowmi266
saTvis dasmuli SekiTxva ar emsaxureba saqmisaTvis

mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebis garkvevas, sasamarTlom unda moxsnas aseTi SekiTxva (221-e muxli).
5. SekiTxvebis micemis rigiToba ar vrceldeba mosamarTleze. mas SeuZlia SekiTxva misces mowmes nebismier dros, maT Soris pirvelma.
muxli 149. mowmis ganmeorebiT

dakiTxva. mowmeTa dapirispireba
sasamarTlos SeuZlia mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT an Tavisi iniciativiT meored dakiTxos mowme, agreTve moaxdinos mowmeTa
dapirispireba maTs CvenebaSi winaaRmdegobaTa gasarkvevad.
1. ganmeorebiT dakiTxvis aucilebloba xSirad ganpirobebulia imiT, rom mowmis Cveneba SeusabamobaSia
an ewinaaRmdegeba sxva mowmeTa Cvenebas an, saerTod,
saqmeSi arsebul masalebs. sasamarTlo am Seusabamobis moxsnis mizniT iRebs ganCinebas mowmis ganmeorebiT dakiTxvis Sesaxeb. igive garemoebiTaa ganpirobebuli mowmeTa dapirispirebac, ris Sesaxebac sasamarTlo iRebs agreTve ganCinebas.
mowmeTa ganmeorebiT dakiTxvisa da dapirispirebis
Sesaxeb SeiZleba iSuamdgomlos mxareebmac.
ise rogorc mowmis dakiTxva, ganmeorebiT dakiTxva
da mowmeTa dapirispireba SeiZleba moxdes (Tu amis aucileblobaa) erT-erTi mowmis adgilsamyofelis mixedviT.
2. ganmeorebiT dakiTxvisa da dapirispirebis miznidan gamomdinare, sasamarTlom winaswar unda gansazRvros aseTi dakiTxvisa da dapirispirebis taqtika da
wesi. mowmeebs mizanSewonilia winaswar ganemartos ganmeorebiT dakiTxvisa da dapirispirebis mizani. mowmeebs unda mieces winadadeba miscen Cveneba im erTi da
igive garemoebis Sesaxeb, romlis mimarT maTi pirvel267
dawyebiTi Cveneba ewinaaRmdegeba erTmaneTs. amis Semdeg maT SeiZleba dausvan SekiTxvebi im rigis mixedviT, romelic gansazRvrulia 148-e muxliT.
3. sasamarTlos ganCineba mowmis ganmeorebiT dakiTxvisa Tu dapirispirebis Sesaxeb, an aseT saproceso moqmedebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb ar gasaCivrdeba.
muxli 150. mowmis mier CanawerebiT

sargebloba
mowme Cvenebas aZlevs zepirad, magram mas
SeuZlia isargeblos CanawerebiT, Tu misi
Cveneba dakavSirebulia raime cifrobriv
an sxva Znelad dasamaxsovrebel cnobebTan.
es Canawerebi mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT an
sasamarTlos iniciativiT SeiZleba daerTos saqmes.
_ damoukideblad imisa, mowmis dakiTxva warmoebs
sasamarTlo davalebis wesiT, misi adgilsamyofelis
mixedviT, Tu sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze _ mowme
yovelTvis aZlevs Cvenebas zepirad. mas SeuZlia mxolod isargeblos CanawerebiT da im pirobiT, Tu es Canawerebi dakavSirebulia cifrobriv an sxva Znelad dasamaxsovrebel cnobebTan (magaliTad, man unda misces
cnobebi, Tu konkretulad vin monawileobda an eswreboda sazogadoebis krebas da am krebis romelma monawilem sinamdvileSi ra mosazreba gamoTqva da a. S.).
_ CanawerebiT sargebloba ar SeiZleba ganvixiloT,
rogorc gamonaklisi saerTo wesidan, romlis Tanaxmad
mowme yovelTvis aZlevs Cvenebas zepiri formiT. CanawerebiT sargebloba ar niSnavs Cvenebis werilobiTi
formiT gadmocemas. sasamarTlom unda aRkveTos werilobiTi CanawerebiT sargebloba Tu es Canawerebi ar
Seesabameba 150-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul pirobebs,
e.i. ar ganekuTvneba cifrobriv an sxva Znelad dasamaxsovrebel gaangariSebebsa da cnobebs.
268
mowmis mier Cvenebis zepirad micema qmnis STabeWdilebas, rom mowme iZleva faqtis Sesaxeb iseT informacias, rac man uSualod aRiqva da ara iseT Cvenebas,
romelic mxaris SegonebiTaa nakarnaxevi.
muxli 151. uaris Tqma mowmis

dakiTxvaze
mxares SeuZlia uari Tqvas im mowmis dakiTxvaze, romlis gamoZaxebasa da dakiTxvaze TviTon iSuamdgomla sasamarTlos winaSe. meore mxares SeuZlia iSuamdgomlos
sasamarTlos winaSe, rom gamocxadebuli
mowme dakiTxul iqnes, xolo Tu dakiTxva
dawyebulia _ gagrZeldes. aseT SemTxvevaSi
mowme unda daikiTxos.
1. sasamarTlo daakmayofilebs mxaris Suamdgomlobas mis mier dasaxelebuli mowmis dakiTxvaze uaris
Tqmis Sesaxeb mxolod erTi pirobiT _ Tu mowinaaRmdege mxare Tanaxma iqneba amaze. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi mowme unda daikiTxos.
muxli 152. arasrulwlovani mowmis

dakiTxva
1. 14 wlis asakamde mowmis dakiTxvisas,
xolo sasamarTlos SexedulebiT _ 14-dan
18 wlis asakamde mowmis dakiTxvis drosac,
SeiZleba mowveul iqnes pedagogi, aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba moiwvion
agreTve mSoblebi, mSvileblebi, meurveebi
an mzrunvelebi. aRniSnul pirebs, sasamarTlos nebarTviT, SeuZliaT miscen mowmes
SekiTxvebi.
2. gamonaklis SemTxvevaSi, Tu es aucilebelia swori da gulwrfeli Cvenebis misa269
Rebad, arasrulwlovani mowmis dakiTxvis

dros sasamarTlos winadadebiT sxdomis darbazidan SeiZleba romelime mxaris gayvana.
sxdomis darbazSi am mxaris dabrunebis Semdeg mas unda ecnobos arasrulwlovani mowmis Cveneba da mieces SesaZlebloba dausvas mowmes SekiTxvebi.
3. mowme, romelsac 16 weli ar Sesrulebia, dakiTxvis Semdeg tovebs sasamarTlo
sxdomis darbazs, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac sasamarTlo aucileblad miiCnevs am
mowmis darCenas sxdomis darbazSi.
1. 152-e muxliT gansazRvruli wesebis dacva arasrulwlovani mowmeebis dakiTxvis dros, rogoricaa pedagogis mowveva (rogorc savaldebulo), agreTve aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi kanonieri warmomadgenlis
(mSoblebis, mSvileblebis, meurveebis, mzrunvelebis)
mowveva, sxdomis darbazidan romelime mxaris gayvana
da a. S. ganpirobebulia erTi umTavresi mizniT _ arasrulwlovani mowmisagan Tavisufali, swori da gulwrfeli Cvenebis miRebiT.
amitom, am muxliT dadgenili wesebi ganuxrelad unda Sesruldes sasamarTlos mier.
muxli 153. mowmis mier ficis dadeba

1. mowmis mier ficis dadeba SeiZleba
moxdes mxolod maSin, Tu mis Cvenebas gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs mxareTa Soris
wamoWrili davis gadawyvetisaTvis da sasamarTlo amas mizanSewonilad CaTvlis.
2. ficis dadeba xdeba dakiTxvis Semdeg.
3. fics ar deben 16 wels miuRweveli
pirebi.
4. ficis dadebis win sasamarTlom unda
auxsnas mowmes ficis mniSvnelobisa da wi270
naswarganzraxulad daficebis gziT yalbi

Cvenebis micemiT gamowveuli sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb.
5. religiuri mniSvnelobis mqone ficis
dadebis dros mosamarTle Semdegnairad mimarTavs mowmes:
`daificeT yovlisSemZle da yovlismcodne
RmerTis winaSe, rom Tqven mTeli SegnebiT
TqviT mxolod simarTle da araferi dagimalavT~.
amaze mowme upasuxebs:
`vficav, RmerTi iyos Cemi mfarveli!~
6. arareligiuri mniSvnelobis mqone fici daideba Semdegnairad:
mosamarTle mimarTavs mowmes:
`daificeT, rom Tqven mTeli SegnebiT
TqviT mxolod simarTle da araferi dagimalavT~.
mowme upasuxebs:
`vficav~.
7. Tu mowme acxadebs, rom igi Tavisi
rwmenisa Tu sxva mosazrebaTa gamo uars
ambobs ficis dadebaze, maSin man Tavisi
Cveneba unda misces ficis Semcvleli dadasturebiT. aseTi dadastureba Semdegnairad xorcieldeba:
mosamarTle mimarTavs mowmes:
àdasturebT Tu ara sasamarTlos winaSe
pasuxismgeblobis mTeli SegnebiT, rom Tqven
TqviT mxolod simarTle da araferi dagimalavT?~.
mowme upasuxebs: `diax, vadastureb~.
1. ficis dadeba mowmis mier SeiZleba moxdes rogorc TviT mowmis iniciativiT, ise mxaris SuamdgomlobiT da sasamarTlos iniciativiT.
_ yvela SemTxvevaSi, imisaTvis rom mowmes mieces
271
ficis dadebis SesaZlebloba ori garemoebis erTdroulad arsebobaa aucilebeli: erTi _ mowmis Cvenebas unda hqondes gadamwyveti mniSvneloba davis gadawyvetisaTvis, magaliTad, mowmis Cvenebazea damokidebuli sarCelis dakmayofileba, an mis dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqma da meore _ ficis dadebas sasamarTlo mizanSewonilad CaTvlis. magaliTad, mowmis Cvenebas imis Sesaxeb, rom misi TandaswrebiT mopasuxem
miuTvala sesxad aRebuli Tanxa mosarCeles, aqvs gadamwyveti mniSvneloba saqmisaTvis. amitom, Tu sasamarTlos es mizanSewonilad miaCnia, am mowmes SeiZleba mosTxovos ficis dadeba.
2. fsiqologiis mecnierebis monacemebiT TviTon
faqti piris mowmis saxiT sasamarTloSi gamoZaxebisa
STamagonebel zegavlenas axdens am pirze. miT umetes
aseTi zegavlena Zlierdeba, roca mowmes afrTxileben sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb. magram, roca mas RmerTis winaSec aficeben, ar aris gamoricxuli aseTma pirma saerTod ganacxados, rom araferi saqmis garemoebebis Sesaxeb ar icis da amitom
verc miscems maT Sesaxeb raime Cvenebas. amitom, ficis
dadebis momenti, Tu amas sasamarTlo mizanSewonilad
CaTvlis, unda moxdes mxolod Cvenebis micemis Semdeg da im wesiT, rogorc es am muxlis me-5 nawilSia Camoyalibebuli.
3. religiuri, Tu arareligiuri ficis dadeba (me-5
da me-6 punqtebi) an kidev Tavisi rwmenis gamo, ficis
dadebaze uarisTqma (me-7 nawili), ar aTavisuflebs
sasamarTlos Seafasos mowmis Cveneba Tavisi Sinagani rwmeniT. ficiT dadasturebuli mowmis Cveneba sasamarTlom SeiZleba sarwmunod miiCnios. swored am mosazrebiT SeiZleboda exelmZRvanela kanonmdebels,
rodesac am muxlis me-4 nawiliT miuTiTa imis Sesaxeb,
rom sasamarTlom unda auxsnas mowmes ficis dadebis
win `winaswar ganzraxulad daficebis gziT yalbi Cvenebis micemiT gamowveuli sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb~.
272
amrigad, kanonmdebeli ar gamoricxavs yalbi Cvenebis ficis meSveobiT dadasturebis SesaZleblobas. es

imas niSnavs, rom sasamarTlom unda Seafasos mowmis
Cveneba misi utyuarobis TvalsazrisiT yvela SemTxvevaSi, gamonaklisis gareSe.
273
T a v i
XIX
nivTieri mtkicebuleba
muxli 154. nivTieri mtkicebulebani,
maTi gamoTxovisa da wardgenis wesi
1. nivTieri mtkicebulebebia is nivTebi,
romlebic Tavisi xarisxiT, TvisebiT an Tavisi arsebobiT warmoadgenen saqmisaTvis
mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebis dadgenis
saSualebas.
2. nivTier mtkicebulebebs sasamarTlos
warudgenen mxareebi. Tu mxarem ver SeZlo
nivTieri mtkicebulebis miReba im pirisagan, visac xelTa aqvs igi, mxares SeuZlia
iSuamdgomlos sasamarTlos winaSe misi gamoTxovis Sesaxeb.
3. nivTieri mtkicebulebis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobis aRmZvreli piri valdebulia aRniSnos, saqmis ra mniSvnelovani
garemoebis dadgena SeiZleba am mtkicebulebiT, aRweros es nivTi da miuTiTos, ras
efuZneba misi varaudi, rom mtkicebuleba
mis mier miTiTebuli piris xelTaa.
4. nivTieri mtkicebulebis gamoTxovaze
uaris Tqma sasamarTlom unda daasabuTos
Tavis ganCinebaSi, romelic calke ar gasaCivrdeba.
1. 154-e muxlis pirvel nawilSi mocemulia nivTieri
mtkicebulebis cnebis gansazRvreba. Tu werilobiTi
mtkicebuleba werilobiTi niSnebisa da cifrebis gamoyenebiT gvawvdis cnobebs (maTi amokiTxvis saSualebiT) faqtebis Sesaxeb (134-e muxli), nivTieri mtkicebulebebi aseT cnobebs gvawvdis Tavisi xarisxiT, TvisebiT an Tavisi arsebobiT. magaliTad, sadavoa gada274
cemuli nivTis xarisxi (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 488-e muxli). am SemTxvevaSi es nivTi aris nivTieri mtkicebuleba. an kidev, romelime dokumentze amoSlilia (gadafxekilia) xelmowera. am SemTxvevaSi nivTieri mtkicebuleba iqneba es dokumenti da a. S.
2. saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebis damtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba mxareebs. am movaleobis Sesasruleblad mxareebma unda waradginon mtkicebulebebi. aqedan gamomdinare, nivTieri mtkicebulebebis
wardgenis tvirTi ekisrebaT mxareebs. mxarem SeiZleba sTxovos sasamarTlos TviTon gamoiTxovos nivTieri mtkicebuleba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu man uSualod ver SeZlo misi miReba im pirisagan, romelTanac
es mtkicebulebebi inaxeba.
3. ise rogorc yvela sxva saxis mtkicebulebaTa sasamarTloSi wardgenis dros, mxare romelic Txovs sasamarTlos miiRos misgan nivTieri mtkicebuleba, an
gamoiTxovos igi, valdebulia miuTiTos Tu saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis romeli garemoebis dadastureba SeiZleba am mtkicebulebiT. es aris mtkicebulebaTa
gankuTvnadobis (104-e muxli) principis erT-erTi
konkretuli gamovlineba.
Tu garemoebas (faqts), romlis dasadasturebladac
mxare Suamdgomlobs nivTieri mtkicebulebis gamoTxovaze, ar aqvs mniSvneloba saqmisaTvis, sasamarTlom
uari unda Tqvas mis gamoTxovaze.
4. nivTieri mtkicebulebis miRebaze Tu gamoTxovaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelzec kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba (104-e
muxli).
muxli 155. sasamarTlo, romelsac

unda waredginos nivTieri
mtkicebuleba
gamoTxovili nivTieri mtkicebuleba fizikurma da iuridiulma pirebma unda ga275
daugzavnon uSualod sasamarTlos daniSnul vadaSi. sasamarTlos SeuZlia agreTve

nivTieri mtkicebulebis gamoTxovaze Suamdgomlobis aRmZvrel pirs misces ufleba miiRos sabuTi sasamarTloSi warsadgenad.
_ nivTieri mtkicebulebis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelSic miTiTebuli
unda iyos nivTebis dasaxeleba da misi sasamarTloSi
wardgenis vada.
mxaris SuamdgomlobiT gamoTxovili nivTieri mtkicebuleba unda gadaegzavnos uSualod im sasamarTlos,
romelmac igi gamoiTxova. Tu es SesaZlebelia da sasamarTlos dasaSvebad miaCnia, mas SeuZlia gamoTxovili
nivTieri mtkicebulebis miRebis ufleba misces mis gamoTxovaze Suamdgomlobis aRmZvrel pirs am mtkicebulebis sasamarTloSi Semdgomi warmodgenis mizniT.
_ Tu fizikuri an iuridiuli piri sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi ver asrulebs davalebas, man unda
Seatyobinos amis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo ajarimebs Sesabamis fizikur pirs
an iuridiuli piris Sesabamis Tanamdebobis pirs, visi
braliTac ar gadaigzavna gamoTxovili nivTieri mtkicebuleba. dajarimeba arc pirveladi da arc ganmeorebiTi ar aTavisuflebs pirs nivTieri mtkicebulebis sasamarTloSi wardgenisagan. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda mimarTos iuridiuli piris zemdgom
organos an TviTon iZulebiTi wesiT (policiis daxmarebiT) amoiRos es mtkicebulebebi. (ix. 156-e muxlis
komentari
muxli 156. nivTieri mtkicebulebis

wardgenis movaleoba
1. fizikuri Tu iuridiuli pirebi valdebulni arian sasamarTlos acnobon imis
276
Sesaxeb, rom ara aqvT saSualeba waradginon gamoTxovili nivTieri mtkicebuleba

an waradginon igi sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi.
2. Seutyobineblobis, agreTve im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac nivTieri mtkicebulebis
wardgenis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos moTxovna
arasapatio mizeziT ar Sesrulda, sasamarTlo Sesabamis fizikur an iuridiuli
piris Tanamdebobis pirs ajarimebs 50 lariT.
3. dajarimeba ar aTavisuflebs moqalaqes an saTanado Tanamdebobis pirs sasamarTlos mier gamoTxovili nivTis wardgenis movaleobisagan.
4. nivTieri mtkicebulebis ganmeorebiT
warudgenlobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo ajarimebs Sesabamis pirebs pirveli jarimis
xuTmagi odenobiT.
1. nebismieri fizikuri Tu iuridiuli piri, nebismieri Tanamdebobis piri valdebulia gadaugzavnos sasamarTlos mis mier gamoTxovili nivTieri mtkicebuleba amave sasamarTlos mier dadgenil vadaSi.
_ nivTieri mtkicebulebis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelSic unda aRiniSnos gamosaTxovi nivTieri mtkicebulebis ganmasxvavebeli niSnebi, agreTve dro, romlis ganmavlobaSiac isini wardgenili unda iqnes sasamarTloSi, gafrTxileba
imis Sesaxeb, rom droulad acnobon sasamarTlos maTi
warudgenlobis mizezebis Sesaxeb da sasamarTlos miTiTeba, rom Tu sasamarTlos moTxovna nivTis wardgenis Sesaxeb ar Sesruldeba iseTi mizeziT, romelsac
sasamarTlo arasapatiod miiCnevs _ Sesabamisi piri dajarimdeba 50 lariT, xolo am mtkicebulebis ganmeorebiT warudgenlobisaTvis _ pirveli jarimis xuTmagi odenobiT.
277
2. dajarimeba SeiZleba moqalaqis (fizikuri piris)

an im Tanamdebobis piris, visi braliTac ar gadaegzavna sasamarTlos gamoTxovili nivTieri mtkicebuleba.
_ sasamarTlom jer kidev dajarimebamde Tavisi iniciativiT unda gaarkvios Sesabamisi organizaciis romeli Tanamdebobis pirs miuZRvis brali gamoTxovili
masalebis gadaugzavnelobaSi. amisaTvis is gadaugzavnis SekiTxvas organizaciis xelmZRvanels. Tu am xelmZRvanelidanac ar movida pasuxi, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba uSualod am xelmZRvanelis dajarimebis Sesaxeb.
3. Tu nivTieri mtkicebulebebi ganmeorebiT dajarimebis Semdegac ar iqneba gadmogzavnili, maSin sasamarTlo amoiRebs maT policiis meSveobiT, an moaxdens
maT daTvalierebas adgilze (159-e muxli).
muxli 157. mxaris mier nivTieri

mtkicebulebis wardgenaze uaris
Tqma
Tu nivTieri mtkicebulebis wardgenaze
arasapatio mizeziT uars ambobs erT-erTi
mxare, romelic ar uaryofs, rom mtkicebuleba mis xelTaa, sasamarTlos SeuZlia
mtkicebulebis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobis aRmZvreli piri gaaTavisuflos im
faqtis mtkicebis tvirTisagan, romelic am
mtkicebulebiT unda daedasturebina, da
aseTi tvirTi gadaakisros mxares, romelic
uars ambobs mis xelT arsebuli nivTieri
mtkicebulebis wardgenaze.
_ 157-e muxls mxedvelobaSi yavs mxare _ mosarCele, mopasuxe, mesame piri damoukidebeli moTxovniT.
Tu aseTi fizikuri an iuridiuli piri ar uaryofs, rom
nivTieri mtkicebuleba masTan inaxeba, magram arasapatio mizeziT uars ambobs warudginos igi sasamarTlos,
278
maSin sasamarTlos SeuZlia ivaraudos damtkicebulad is faqti, romlis dasadasturebladac mxare Suamdgomlobda mis gamoTxovas da am varaudis gasaqarwyleblad mtkicebis tvirTi gadaakisros mxares,
romelic uars ambobs am nivTieri mtkicebulebis sasamarTloSi wardgenaze.
muxli 158. nivTier mtkicebulebaTa

Semowmeba
1. nivTieri mtkicebulebebi waredgineba
mxareebs (warmomadgenlebs). maT SeuZliaT
gaecnon daTvalierebis oqmebs. mxareebs SeuZliaT gamoTqvan TavianTi mosazrebebi am
nivTier mtkicebulebaTa Tu maTi daTvalierebis oqmebis Sesaxeb.
2. mxareebs mTavar sxdomaze SeuZliaT
iSuamdgomlon sasamarTlos winaSe, nivTier mtkicebulebaTa Semowmebis mizniT daniSnos eqspertiza, Tu aseTi Suamdgomloba sapatio mizeziT ar iyo maT mier aRZruli saqmis momzadebis stadiaze. sapatio
mizezad CaiTvleba am kodeqsis 215-e muxlis me-3 nawilSi miTiTebuli garemoebebi.
3. eqspertizis daniSvna nivTier mtkicebulebaTa gamokvlevis mizniT sasamarTlos
SeuZlia Tavisi iniciativiTac.
1. nivTieri mtkicebulebebi, Tu isini ar erTvis saqmes, rac xSirad SeuZlebelia am mtkicebulebebis xasiaTis, Sinaarsis Tu moculobis gamo, SeiZleba uSualod daaTvalieros mxarem maTi Senaxvis mdebareobis
adgilze, Tu igi ar monawileobda maT daTvalierebaSi, roca amas sasamarTlo awarmoebda, agreTve gaecnos daTvalierebis oqmebs da gamoTqvan TavianTi mosazrebebi.
2. yovelgvari Suamdgomloba da maT Soris mxareTa
279
Suamdgomloba nivTieri mtkicebulebis Semowmebis

mizniT eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb SeiZleba aRiZras sasamarTlos winaSe saqmis momzadebis stadiaze.
mogvianebiT aseTi Suamdgomloba SeiZleba ganixilos
sasamarTlom mxolod sapatio mizezis arsebobisas
(215-e muxli).
3. mtkicebulebaTa Semowmeba sasamarTlos prerogativaa. cxadia, rom Tu Semowmeba specialur codnas
moiTxovs, sasamarTlos SeuZlia daniSnos eqspertiza
(162-e muxli).

adgilze daTvaliereba
Tu nivTier mtkicebulebaTa sasamarTloSi wardgena Zneli an SeuZlebelia, sasamarTlos SeuZlia, mxareTa TxovniT an
Tavisi iniciativiT, daadginos maTi adgilze daTvaliereba, ris Sesaxebac gamoaqvs
ganCineba. Tu saqmes kolegiuri sasamarTlo ixilavs, adgilze daTvaliereba SeiZleba miendos erT-erT mosamarTles. adgilze daTvaliereba xdeba XV TavSi dadgenili wesebiT.
_ adgilze nivTieri mtkicebulebebis daTvaliereba mimdinareobs ssk 120-126-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
damatebiT aq SeiZleba aRiniSnos, rom malfuWebadi produqtebis daTvaliereba dauyovnebliv warmoebs, ris Semdeg isini ubrundeba mis mflobels. maTi
dabrunebis Sesaxeb unda Sedges aqti, romelic rCeba
saqmeSi. Tu maTi dabruneba mflobelisaTvis an im pirisaTvis, visganac isini amoiRo sasamarTlom, ama Tu
im mizeziT SeuZlebelia, maSin unda moxdes maTi realizacia sasamarTlo aRmasruleblis meSveobiT. rea-
280
lizaciiT miRebuli Tanxebi Cairicxeba sasamarTlos

sadepozito angariSze.
_ daTvalierebis Sedegad Sedgenili oqmi warmoadgens mtkicebulebas, romelSiac aisaxeba daTvalierebis Sedegad sasamarTlos mier miRebuli faqtobrivi
garemoebebi, maTi xarisxi, Tvisebebi da a. S. oqms Tan
erTvis mosamarTlis an daTvalierebaSi monawile specialistis mier Sedgenili sqemebi, naxazebi, fotoebi
da sxva.

Senaxva
1. nivTieri mtkicebulebebi inaxeba saqmeSi an sagangebo aRweris siiT Cabardeba
sasamarTlos nivTier mtkicebulebaTa Sesanax kameraSi.
2. nivTebi, romelTa sasamarTloSi mitana SeuZlebelia, adgilze inaxeba. isini dawvrilebiT unda iqnes aRwerili, xolo saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi _ fotografirebulic.
3. sasamarTlo iRebs RonisZiebebs nivTebis ucvlel mdgomareobaSi Sesanaxad.
1. saqmeSi SeiZleba Senaxul iqnes mcire moculobis
nivTieri mtkicebulebebi, romlebic Caideba konvertSi an paketSi da Caekereba saqmeSi. Tu maTi moculoba
amis saSualebas ar iZleva, isini Cabardeba sasamarTlos Sesanax kameras, risTvisac praqtikulad gamoiyeneba seifebi, karadebi da a. S. Sesanaxad Cabarebuli nivTebis sia daerTvis saqmes.
2. Tu nivTieri mtkicebulebebis ara marto moculoba, aramed maTi raodenobac ar iZleva, maTi sasamarTloSi motanisa da Senaxvis saSualebas isini unda aRiweros da Seinaxos maTi mdebareobis adgilze. maTi aRwerilobiTi dokumentebi, xolo saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, fotoebic daerTvis saqmes.
281
3. sasamarTlom unda miiRos zomebi maT Sesanaxad,

xolo Tu es SeuZlebelia moaxdens maT realizacias
da Semosul Tanxas Caricxavs sasamarTlos sadepozito angariSze. Tu sasamarTlos SexedulebiT es mizanSewonilia, nivTebis daTvalirebis Semdeg isini SeiZleba daubrundes mis mflobels.

dabruneba
1. sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis kanonier
ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg, nivTieri mtkicebuleba daubrundeba mis warmdgen pirs an
gadaecema im pirs, romelsac sasamarTlom
miakuTvna ufleba am nivTze.
2. nivTebi, romlebic ar SeiZleba iyos
moqalaqeTa mflobelobaSi, gadaecema saTanado saxelmwifo sawarmos, dawesebulebas an organizacias.
3. calkeul SemTxvevaSi nivTieri mtkicebulebebi sasamarTlos mier maTi Semowmebisa da gamokvlevis Semdeg SeiZleba saqmis
damTavrebamde daubrundes mis warmdgen
pirs, Tu ukanaskneli amas Suamdgomlobs
da Tu am Suamdgomlobis dakmayofileba
SeiZleba saqmis ganxilvisaTvis zianis miuyeneblad.
1. rogorc wesi, nivTieri mtkicebulebebis dabruneba xdeba mxolod mas Semdeg, rodesac gadawyvetileba Seva kanonier ZalaSi. cxadia, mxedvelobaSia iseTi nivTebi, romlebic SeiZleba iyos moqalaqeTa
mflobelobaSi. Tu iseTi nivTebia, romlebic ar SeiZleba iyos maT mflobelobaSi, an SeiZleba, magram amisaTvis specialuri nebarTvaa saWiro, maSin es nivTebi
gadaecema Sesabamis organoebs. magaliTad, Tu nivTieri mtkicebulebebis saxiT warmodgenili iyo sanadi282
ro Tofi, romelzec specialuri nebarTva mxares ar

gaaCnda, igi gadaecema policiis organoebs.
_ rogorc gamonaklisi, nivTebi SeiZleba daubrundes mis warmomdgen pirs gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde ori pirobis erTdroulad arsebobisas: pirveli _ Tu aris nivTieri mtkicebulebebis
mflobelis an warmomadgenlis Suamdgomloba da meore _ Tu sasamarTlos azriT nivTebis dabruneba ar ewinaaRmdegeba saqmis ganxilvis interess.
283
T a v i
XX
eqspertis daskvna
muxli 162. eqspertizis daniSvna
1. Tu saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT
wamoiWra sakiTxi, romlis ganmartebac moiTxovs specialur codnas, sasamarTlos mxareTa TxovniT SeuZlia daniSnos eqspertiza saqmis mosamzadebel stadiaze, xolo
saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvisas eqspertiza SeiZleba dainiSnos mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis saqmis mosamzadebel stadiaze mxarisaTvis aseTi
garemoeba obieqturi mizezebiT ver iqneboda cnobili da aseTi safuZveli warmoiSva am sxdomaze, an Tu mxarem sapatio
mizeziT ver uzrunvelyo Sesabamisi gancxadebebisa da Suamdgomlobebis warmodgena
saqmis momzadebis stadiaze.
2. sasamarTlos saqmis ganxilvis nebismier stadiaze SeuZlia Tavisi iniciativiT
daniSnos eqspertiza.
1. sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis dros SeiZleba wamoiWras iseTi sakiTxebi da Segvxvdes iseTi garemoebebi, romelTa garkveva da dadgena Cveulebrivi meTodebiT da cnobili saSualebebiT SeuZlebeli aRmoCndes. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlosaTvis didi
daxmarebis gaweva SeuZlia sasamarTlo eqspertizas.
samoqalaqo saproceso samarTlis TvalsazrisiT, specialuri codna - es iseTi codnaa, romelic scildeba
samarTlebrivi codnis, im wesebisa da normebis farglebs, romlebic asaxaven sazogadoebis moralur Tu
sxva Sexedulebas da rwmenas. aqedan gamomdinare, ar
SeiZleba eqspertiza dainiSnos samarTlis sakiTxebze
284
an iseT sakiTxebze, romlebic moralur Sefasebas

moiTxoven.
eqspertiza SeiZleba dainiSnos rogorc mxareTa
SuamdgomlobiT, ise sasamarTlos iniciativiTac. mxareTa Suamdgomloba cxadia, araa savaldeblo sasamarTlosaTvis, mas SeuZlia daniSnos eqspertiza, Tu
sakiTxis garkveva, faqtis dadgena marTlac specialur codnas moiTxovs. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom uari unda Tqvas eqspertizis daniSvnaze.
eqspertizis daniSvna iseTi sakiTxis gasarkvevad,
romelic ar moiTxovs specialur codnas, aris kanonis
azrisa da Sinaarsis uxeSi darRveva, principulad
dauSvebelia da faqtiurad warmoadgens sasamarTlo
funqciis eqspertze delegirebis SeniRbul formas.
162-e muxli gansazRvravs eqspertizis daniSvnis
stadias, anu saqmis warmoebis etaps, roca SeiZleba
eqspertizis daniSvna. es etapia saqmis momzadebis
stadia. es imas niSnavs, rom Suamdgomlobebi eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb mxareebs SeuZliaT aRZran
saqmis momzadebis stadiis damTavrebamde (ix.207-e
muxlis komentari).mxaris Suamdgomloba da eqspertizis daniSvna sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze dasaSvebia mxolod or SemTxvevaSi a) Tu iseTi garemoebis
Sesaxeb, romlis dadgena specialur codnas moiTxovs, dainteresebuli mxarisaTvis cnobili gaxda mTavar sxdomaze saqmis ganxilvisas, magaliTad, mowinaaRmdege mxarem konkretuli garemoebis Sesaxeb
(vTqvaT, misi saxeliT dokumentze Sesrulebuli xelmowera sinamdvileSi mas ar ekuTvnis) sakiTxi wamoWra mTavar sxdomaze, an aseTi garemoebis Sesaxeb, misTvis cnobili iyo saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, magram
avadmyofobis, xangrZlivi mivlinebis Tu sxva obieqturi mizezebis gamo man ver SeZlo Sesabamisi Suamdgomlobis aRZvra sasamarTlos winaSe.
unda aRiniSnos, rom eqspertizis daniSvnis aseTi
wesi emsaxureba saqmis droulad ganxilvasa da
gadawyvetas, warmoadgens saqmis ganxilvis gaWia285
nurebis winaaRmdeg brZolis efeqtian saSualebas

da sasamarTloebma ganuxrelad unda Seasrulon
am muxlis moTxovnebi.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili uflebas aniWebs sasamarTlos procesis nebismier stadiaze daniSnos eqspertiza Tavisi iniciativiT.
muxli 163. ganCineba eqspertizis

daniSvnis Sesaxeb
1. eqpertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelSic unda aRiniSnos, Tu ra sakiTxebzea saWiro eqspertis daskvna, vin dainiSna eqspertad da ra
masalebi waredgina eqsperts gamosakvlevad. aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi eqspertizis Casatareblad sasamarTlo niSnavs ramdenime eqsperts.
2. eqspertebis SerCevis dros sasamarTlo iTvaliswinebs mxareTa mosazrebebs. mxareebs ufleba aqvT SesTavazon sasamarTlos eqspertad dasaniSni piris kandidaturebi. sabolood sakiTxs imis Sesaxeb,
Tu vis miendos eqspertizis Catareba, wyvets
sasamarTlo. mxareebs ufleba aqvT acileba miscen eqsperts 35-e muxliT dadgenili
safuZvliT.
3. mxareebs ufleba aqvT agreTve warudginon sasamarTlos kiTxvebi, romlebic unda
ganmartos eqspertma. sabolood im sakiTxTa
wres, romlebzedac saWiroa eqspertis daskvna, gansazRvravs sasamarTlo. es ukanaskneli valdebulia daasabuTos mxareTa mier
wamoyenebuli sakiTxebis uaryofa.
1. ganCinebaSi eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb, garda
285-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli rekvizitebisa unda
286
aRiniSnos: a) specialuri saeqsperto dawesebuleba,

romelsac miendo eqspertizis Catareba (166-e muxli);
b) eqspertad daniSnuli piris vinaoba, Tu eqspertiza
tardeba araspecialur sasamarTlo saeqsperto dawesebulebaSi (167-e muxli); g) im faqtebis zusti da sruli CamonaTvali, romelTa arsebobis Tu ararsebobis
Sesaxeb saWiroa eqspertis daskvna. es faqtebi SeiZleba iyos mtkicebis saganSi Semavali faqtebi, anu iuridiuli faqtebi, romlebzec mxareebi amyareben TavianT moTxovnebs da Sesagebels, agreTve mtkicebulebiTi faqtebi; d) im masalebis CamonaTvali, romlebic
waredgina eqsperts gamosarkvevad. eqspertizis CatarebisaTvis saWiro masalebis Segrovebisas sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobs 169-e muxlis moTxovnebiT.
2. eqspertiza unda dainiSnos saqmis momzadebis
stadiaze (103-e muxlis à~ qvepunqti). mogvianebiT, e.
i. saqmis momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg, roca ukve daniSnulia sasamarTlos mTavari sxdoma, am mTavar sxdomaze mxareTa Suamdgomlobas eqspertizis daniSvnis
Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganixilavs mxolod im pirobiT, Tu
aseTi Suamdgomlobis droulad aRZvra maT ver SeZles sapatio mizeziT. mxareTa Suamdgomlobis ufleba
mimarTon sasamarTlos eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb
ar SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebis mizniT.
miuxedavad imisa, saqmis warmoebis romel stadiaze iniSneba eqspertiza, sasamarTlo yovelTvis atyobinebs mxareebs amis Sesaxeb, raTa maT SeZlon im uflebaTa realizacia, romelic gaTvaliswinebulia am
muxlis me-2 da me-3 nawiliT. maTi gamoucxadebloba ver
daabrkolebs eqspertizis daniSvnas.
3. am muxlis mesame nawili iTvaliswinebs sasamarTlos valdebulebas gamoitanos motivirebuli ganCineba, rodesac igi uaryofs mxareTa mier SemoTavazebul
sakiTxebs. aseTive ganCineba sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos maSinac, roca igi uars eubneba mxares daniSnos
eqspertiza.
287
orive SemTxvevaSi ganCineba SeiZleba dasabuTdes

imiT, rom sakiTxebi, romelTa garkvevas eqspertizis
meSveobiT moiTxoven mxareebi, sinamdvileSi ar saWiroeben specialur codnas, an kidev, es sakiTxebi garkveulia saqmeSi arsebuli mtkicebulebebiT.
_ ganCinebaSi eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb sasamarTlom SeiZleba daniSnos dro, romlis ganmavlobaSic eqspertma unda warmoadginos daskvna. Tu aseTi
drois daniSvna eqspertizis sirTulis gamo SeuZlebelia, sasamarTlom unda SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba eqspertis daskvnis miRebamde (281-e muxli).
muxli 164. ramdenime eqspertis

daniSvna
ramdenime eqspertis daniSvnisas maT ufleba aqvT erTmaneTTan iTaTbiron. Tu eqspertebi daadgebian saerTo azrs, yvelani
xels aweren erT daskvnas. eqsperti, romelic ar eTanxmeba danarCen eqspertebs, adgens calke daskvnas.
Tu sasamarTlos SexedulebiT im sakiTxebis garkveva, romlebic dasmulia ganCinebaSi, saWiroebs specialur codnas mecnierebis sxvadasxva sferoSi, igi
niSnavs ramdenime eqsperts (kompleqsuri eqspertiza). es eqspertebi iZlevian saerTo daskvnas, Tu isini
erTnairad fiqroben am sakiTxze. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, maT SeuZliaT miscen TavianTi (calke) daskvna,
romlebic mtkicebis damoukidebeli saSualebebia
(mtkicebulebebia), sasamarTlo afasebs am daskvnebs
rogorc damoukidebel mtkicebulebebs Tavisi Sinagani rwmeniT, magram SeuZlia daniSnos ganmeorebiTi
eqspertiza (173-e muxlis me-2 nawili).
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muxli 165. eqspertizis Catarebis

adgili
eqspertiza tardeba sasamarTloSi an mis
gareT, Tu es aucilebelia gamokvlevis
xasiaTis an imis gamo, rom gamokvlevis
sagnis wardgena sasamarTloSi SeuZlebeli an Znelia.
rogorc wesi, eqspertiza tardeba sasamarTlos gareT, magram es gamowveulia ara marto imiT, rom gamokvlevis sagnis wardgena sasamarTloSi SeuZlebeli an Znelia, aramed umetesad imis gamo, rom gamokvlevisaTvis
saWiro mowyobilobebisa da nivTierebebis gamoyeneba
sasamarTlos SenobaSi rTulia an SeuZlebelia.
muxli 166. eqspertizis Catarebis

wesi specialur saeqsperto
dawesebulebaSi
1. Tu eqspertizis warmoeba mindobili
aqvs specialur sasamarTlo-saeqsperto dawesebulebis eqsperts, sasamarTlo ugzavnis am dawesebulebas Tavis ganCinebas eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb, agreTve eqspertizis CatarebisaTvis aucilebel masalebs.
2. sasamarTlos ganCinebis miRebis Semdeg
saeqsperto dawesebulebis xelmZRvaneli eqspertizis Catarebas miandobs am dawesebulebis erT an ramdenime TanamSromels.
3. sasamarTlos davalebiT saeqsperto dawesebulebis xelmZRvaneli ganumartavs TanamSromlebs, romlebsac miendoT eqspertizis Catareba, eqspertis ufleba-movaleobebs, rac gaTvaliswinebulia 168-e muxliT, agreTve daskvnis micemaze uaris Tqmi289
saTvis Tavis aridebisa Tu Segnebulad yalbi

daskvnis micemisaTvis pasuxismgeblobas, rac
gaTvaliswinebulia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT. amis Sesaxeb maT CamoerTmevaT xelwerili, romelic eqspertis
daskvnasTan erTad gadaegzavneba sasamarTlos.
1. rodesac eqspertiza unda Catardes specialur
sasamarTlo saeqsperto dawesebulebaSi, eqsperts niSnavs ara sasamarTlo, aramed am specialuri saeqsperto dawesebulebis xelmZRvaneli. amitom, sasamarTlo
Tavis ganCinebas eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb, yvela
masalebTan erTad ugzavnis am dawesebulebis xelmZRvanels, romelic Tavis mxriv eqspertizis Catarebas
miandobs Tavisi dawesebulebis erT-erT an ramdenime
eqsperts.
2. sasamarTlo-saeqsperto dawesebulebis xelmZRvaneli Tavis mxriv asrulebs yvela im moqmedebas, rasac Seasrulebda mosamarTle, mas rom eqsperti daeniSna uSualod, kerZod, afrTxilebs pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb Segnebulad yalbi daskvnis micemisaTvis,
ganumartavs mas eqspertis ufleba-movaleobebs (168e muxli) da a. S.
3. mxares, mas Semdeg, rac misTvis cnobili gaxda Tu
vis miendo eqspertizis Catareba, SeuZlia sasamarTlos meSveobiT ganucxados acileba am eqsperts. acilebis sakiTxs ganixilavs sasamarTlo (34-e da 35-e muxlebi).
muxli 167. eqspertizis Catareba

arasaeqsperto dawesebulebaSi
Tu eqspertiza tardeba araspecialur sasamarTlo-saeqsperto dawesebulebaSi, Sesabamis pirs eqspertad niSnavs TviTon sasamarTlo. ganCineba eqspertizis daniSvnis
290
Sesaxeb da yvela masala, rac aucilebelia

eqspertizis Casatareblad, eqspertad daniSnul pirs uSualod sasamarTlom unda
gadasces. ganCinebis gadacemisas sasamarTlo amowmebs eqspertis pirovnebas, mis specialobasa da kompetenturobas, ganumartavs eqsperts mis ufleba-movaleobebs, rac
gaTvaliswinebulia 168-e muxliT, da afrTxilebs eqsperts daskvnis micemaze uaris
TqmisaTvis, Tavis aridebisa Tu Segnebulad yalbi daskvnis micemisaTvis pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb, rac gaTvaliswinebulia
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT.
yovelive es aRiniSneba sasamarTlos ganCinebaSi eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb, rac
damowmdeba eqspertis xelmoweriT.
1. Tu eqspertiza ar tardeba specialur sasamarTlo saeqsperto dawesebulebaSi, maSin eqsperts uSualod sasamarTlo niSnavs (162-163-e muxlebi) da saWiro
masalebsac ganCinebasTan erTad uSualod sasamarTlo gadascems eqsperts. ganCinebisa da masze darTuli
sabuTebis uSualod eqpertisaTvis gadacemasTan erTad mosamarTle kidev erTxel amowmebs mis pirovnebas, specialobas da kompetenturobas, ganumartavs mas
uflebebsa da movaleobebs da afrTxilebs pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb, rac unda aRiniSnos ganCinebaSi eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb da xeli moaweros eqspertad daniSnulma pirma.
muxli 168. eqspertis uflebebi da

movaleobebi
1. eqspertad daniSnuli piri valdebulia
gamocxaddes sasamarTloSi gamoZaxebisTanave da misces obieqturi daskvna mis winaSe dasmul kiTxvebze.
291
2. Tu eqsperti arasapatio mizeziT ar

gamocxaddeba sasamarTloSi, Tavs aaridebs
daskvnis micemas an Segnebulad miscems yalb
daskvnas, mis mimarT gamoiyeneba saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli RonisZiebebi.
3. eqsperts ufleba aqvs uari Tqvas daskvnis micemaze, Tu misTvis gadacemuli masalebi sakmarisi ar aris, an Tu mas ara
aqvs saTanado codna dakisrebuli movaleobis Sesasruleblad. eqsperti movalea aRniSnuli safuZvlebiT daskvnis micemaze uari
dawvrilebiT daasabuTos.
4. Tu eqspertizis Catarebisas eqsperti
gamoarkvevs saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone
iseT garemoebebs, romelTa Sesaxebac mas
kiTxvebi ar hqonda dasmuli, eqsperts ufleba aqvs daskvnaSi miuTiTos am garemoebebze.
5. eqspertizasTan dakavSirebuli garemoebebis gamosakvlevad eqsperts ufleba
aqvs gaecnos saqmis masalebs, monawileoba
miiRos saqmis ganxilvaSi, dausvas mxareebs
da mowmeebs SekiTxvebi, miiRos monawileoba mtkicebulebaTa daTvalierebasa da SemowmebaSi, agreTve sTxovos sasamarTlos
misTvis damatebiTi masalebis wardgena.
1. eqsperti valdebulia ara marto werilobiTi daskvna misces, aramed gamocxaddes sasamarTlo sxdomaze, Tu es sasamarTlos saWirod miaCnia da pasuxi gasces mis winaSe dasmul sakiTxebze. kiTxvebi eqsperts
sasamarTlo sxdomaze SeiZleba dausvas aramarto mosamarTlem, aramed mxareebma da maTma warmomadgenlebma. am movaleobebis Sesruleba uzrunvelyofilia pasuxismgeblobis RonisZiebebiT, rac miTiTebulia am
muxlis me-2 nawilSi.
292
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili iTvaliswinebs sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis safuZvlebs, romelTa

mixedviT eqsperts SeiZleba daekisros aseTi pasuxismgebloba, magram saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis 370-e muxli iTvaliswinebs eqspertis pasuxismgeblobas yalbi daskvnis an Cvenebis micemisaTvis.
3. piris eqspertad daniSvnamde sasamarTlo arkvevs
am piris specialobas da kompetenturobas, magram SeiZleba misi arakompetenturoba gamovlindes mogvianebiT _ eqspertizis Catarebis procesSi.
aseT SemTxvevaSi mas ufleba aqvs uari Tqvas daskvnis micemaze. daskvnis micemaze uaris Tqmis ufleba
mas aqvs maSinac, roca misTvis gadacemuli masalebi
araa sakmarisi amisaTvis.
_ orive aseT SemTxvevaSi pasuxismgebloba daskvnis micemaze uaris TqmisaTvis gamoricxulia, magram
eqspertma werilobiT unda Seadginos uari da dawvrilebiT daasabuTos am uaris Tqma. eqspertis werilobiT Sedgenili uari daskvnis micemaze droulad unda
gadaeces sasamarTlos.
4. faqtiuri garemoebebis an sakiTxebis wres, romelTa Sesaxeb daskvna unda misces eqspertma _ gansazRvravs sasamarTlo Tavis ganCinebaSi eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb (163-e muxli). eqsperti valdebulia misces daskvna am faqtebisa da sakiTxebis Sesaxeb, magram
eqsperts SeuZlia gascdes sasamarTlos mier ganCinebaSi dasmuli sakiTxebis wres da misces Tavisi daskvna
iseT faqtebze da sakiTxebze, romelTa Sesaxeb mas ar
hqonda kiTxvebi dasmuli, magram gamokvlevis Sedegebi iZleva am sakiTxebze pasuxis gacemis saSualebas, rasac SeiZleba hqondes misi azriT mniSvneloba saqmisaTvis.
5. eqspertizis CatarebisaTvis saWiro masalebs agrovebs sasamarTlo (169-e muxli). magram sasamarTlom
SeiZleba ar mianiWos mniSvneloba da ar gadaugzavnos
eqsperts yvela is masala, romelic saWiroa misTvis.
amitom, eqsperts eniWeba farTo uflebebi, romlebic
293
miTiTebulia am muxlis me-5 nawilSi. Tu is aRmoaCens

masalebs, romlebic saWiroa srulyofili daskvnisaTvis, man unda sTxovos sasamarTlos gadasces es masalebi. mxolod sasamarTlos meSveobiT SeuZlia eqsperts miiRos misTvis saWiro masalebi.
muxli 169. eqspertizis

CatarebisaTvis saWiro masalebis
Segroveba
1. eqspertizis CatarebisaTvis saWiro masalebs sasamarTlos warudgenen mxareebi.
eqspertizis Casatareblad saWiro masalebis wres gansazRvravs sasamarTlo, romelic iTvaliswinebs rogorc mxareebis, ise
eqspertad daniSnuli piris mosazrebebs.
2. Tu eqspertizis Casatareblad saWiro
masalebis miRebisaTvis aucilebelia mowmis dakiTxva, sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoiZaxos da dakiTxos igi eqspertis monawileobiT. mxareebs ecnobebaT amis Sesaxeb,
magram maTi gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs mowmis dakiTxvas. am wesiT dakiTxuli mowme ar Tavisufldeba sasamarTlo
sxdomaze gamocxadebisagan da saqmis ganxilvis dros ganmeorebiTi dakiTxvisagan.
3. mowmis dakiTxvis Sesaxeb Sedgeba oqmi,
romelic daerTvis saqmes.
1. eqspertizis masalebs agrovebs sasamarTlo. am masalebis xasiaTsa da moculobas gansazRvravs sasamarTlo, romelsac SuZlia gaiTvaliswinos mxareebisa da
TviT eqspertis mosazrebebi. Tu es masalebi ar aRmoCnda sakmarisi, eqsperts SeuZlia sTxovos sasamarTlos
damatebiTi masalebis wardgena da miuTiTos kidec am
damatebiTi masalebis xasiaTze. eqsperts SeuZlia mii-
294
Ros damatebiTi masalebi mxolod da mxolod sasamarTlos meSveobiT da daxmarebiT.

2. am muxlis me-2 nawili Seicavs uSualobis principidan gadaxvevis erT-erT gamonaklis SemTxvevas da
igi ganpirobebulia eqspertizis droulad Catarebis
interesebiT. am interesebidan gamomdinare, kanonmdebelma dasaSvebad CaTvala mowmis dakiTxva ara sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze, aramed manamde da eqspertizisaTvis masalebis Segrovebis daCqarebisaTvis.
amasTan erTad, igive mowme SeiZleba gamoZaxebuli
da dakiTxuli iqnes sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze, Cvenebis ganmeorebiT micemis mizniT.
3. eqspertizisaTvis yvela saWiro masalebis Segrovebis mizniT mowmis dakiTxva mimdinareobs dakiTxvis
wesebis dacviT, xolo dakiTxvis oqmi daerTvis saqmes.
muxli 170. eqspertis daskvnis forma

da Sinaarsi
1. eqsperti daskvnas iZleva werilobiTi
formiT. sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs misces
eqsperts winadadeba, rom man zepiri ganmarteba misces sasamarTlos Tavisi daskvnis Sesaxeb. zepiri ganmarteba Seitaneba
sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmSi, waekiTxeba eqsperts romelic, xels awers mas.
2. eqspertis daskvna unda Seicavdes warmoebuli gamokvlevis werilobiT aRweras,
gamokvlevis Sedegad miRebul daskvnebsa
da dasabuTebul pasuxebs sasamarTlos mier dasmul kiTxvebze.
1. eqspertis daskvna _ specialuri codniT aRWurvili piris mier Catarebuli gamokvlevis (eqspertizis)
Sedegia. amitom, savsebiT bunebrivia, rom sasamarTlos, romelmac es daskvna unda Seafasos, SeiZleba dasWirdes misi ganmarteba. eqsperti Tavis daskvnas
295
yovelTvis ayalibebs werilobiTi formiT, magram am

daskvnis ganmarteba man unda misces sasamarTlos zepiri formiT, sasamarTlos mosamzadebel an mTavar
sxdomaze. zepiri ganmartebis dros eqsperts SeiZleba SekiTxvebi dausvan mxareebma da maTma warmomadgenlebma (83-e da 171-e muxlebi).
2. samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdebloba ar gansazRvravs amomwuravad yvela im rekvizits, romelsac unda Seicavdes eqspertis werilobiTi daskvna. specialurma sasamarTlo-saeqsperto dawesebulebebma SeimuSava aseTi rekvizitebi.
eqspertis daskvna, yvela SemTxvevaSi unda Sedgebodes Sesavali, gamokvleviTi da daskvniTi nawilebisagan. SesavalSi unda mieTiTos sasamarTlo, romelmac daniSna eqspertiza, cnobebi eqspertizis Sesaxeb,
saeqsperto masalebis Semosvlis TariRi da am masalebis dasaxeleba, im faqtebis da sakiTxebis wre, romlebic unda gadawyvitos eqspertma. gamokvleviT nawilSi unda mieTiTos gamokvlevis meTodi (eqsperimenti,
SedarebiTi, qimiuri da a. S.) da teqnikuri saSualebebi, romlebic gamoiyena eqspertma gamokvlevis Catarebis mizniT. daskvniTi nawili, unda Seicavdes pasuxebs mis winaSe dasmuli sakiTxebis Sesaxeb, im faqtebis arseboba-ararsebobis Sesaxeb, romlebic ainteresebs sasamarTlos.
daskvniTi nawili SeiZleba Seicavdes pasuxebs iseT
sakiTxebzec, romlebic ar iyo sasamarTlos mier dasmuli eqspertis winaSe, magram eqspertis SexedulebiT maT SeiZleba hqondeT mniSvneloba saqmisaTvis.
eqspertis daskvna SeiZleba iyos kategoriuli, roca eqsperti erTmniSvnelovnad (calsaxad) pasuxobs
mis winaSe dasmul sakiTxze, savaraudo, roca eqsperti ar gamoricxavs sakiTxis sxvanairad gadawyvetis SesaZleblobas da, bolos, sakiTxis gadawyvetis SeuZleblobis Sesaxeb.
296
muxli 171. eqspertis daskvnis

Semowmeba. eqspertisaTvis SekiTxvis
micemis wesi
1. mxareebsa da maT warmomadgenlebs SeuZliaT gaecnon eqspertis daskvnas. maTive
TxovniT eqspertis daskvna gamoqveyndeba
sasamarTlos sxdomaze. mxareebs SeuZliaT
gamoTqvan TavianTi mosazreba, xolo daskvnis ganmartebisa da Sevsebis mizniT eqsperts SeiZleba mieces SekiTxvebi.
2. eqsperts pirvelad ekiTxeba is piri,
romlis TxovniTac dainiSna eqsperti, da
misi warmomadgeneli. sasamarTlos iniciativiT daniSnul eqsperts pirvelad ekiTxeba mosamarTle. mosamarTles SeuZlia SekiTxvebi dausvas eqsperts misi dakiTxvis
yovel momentSi.
1. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom eqspertis daskvnis SemowmebiT iwyeba eqspertis daskvnis Sefaseba. mxareebi da
maTi warmomadgenlebi eqspertis daskvnis Semowmebis
mizniT jer mas adareben saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebebs. aseTi Sedarebis mizania imis garkveva, Tu ramdenad Seesabameba da ra TanafardobaSia eqspertis
daskvna saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebebTan. Tu eqspertis daskvna upirispirdeba sxva mtkicebulebebs,
gansakuTrebiT ki iseT mtkicebulebebs, romlis utyuaroba ar unda iwvevdes eWvs, maSin ukve wamoiWreba
mravali sakiTxi, romelic SeiZleba gairkves eqspertisaTvis SekiTxvebis micemiT. eqspertis winaSe SeiZleba daisvas sakiTxi misi daskvnis ganmartebis Sesaxeb da imis Taobaze, Tu ra meTodis gamoyenebiT gaakeTa man aseTi daskvna.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs eqspertisaTvis SekiTxvebis micemis rigiTobas. es rigiToba unda
297
daicvas sasamarTlom, romelsac SeuZlia SekiTxvebi

misces eqsperts misi dakiTxvis nebismier etapze.
muxli 172. eqspertis daskvnis

Sefaseba
eqspertis daskvna sasamarTlosaTvis savaldebulo ar aris da misi Sefaseba xdeba
105-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT, magram sasamarTlos uari daskvnis miRebaze dasabuTebul unda iqnes saqmeze gamotanil
gadawyvetilebaSi an ganCinebaSi.
1. eqspertis daskvna warmoadgens damoukidebel
mtkicebis saSualebas (mtkicebulebas). maSasadame, igi
SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis
mqone garemoebebis dasadgenad, magram vidre am mizniT iqnebodes gamoyenebuli, eqspertis daskvna unda
Seafasos sasamarTlom Tavisi Sinagani rwmeniT (105-e
muxli).
_ eqspertis daskvnis sisworisa da dasabuTebulobis mniSvnelovani garantiaa eqspertis daniSvnisa da
Catarebis saproceso formis (wesis) dacva. amitom, sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos xom ar iyo es forma darRveuli.
_ eqspertis daskvnis sisworis mniSvnelovani garantiaa eqspertis mecnieruli kompetenturoba. amitom
sasamarTlom kidev erTxel unda Seamowmos misi kompetenturoba.
_ xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos, rom eqspertis daskvnis uaryofis sababi SeiZleba gaxdes saproceso formis ara yovelgvari darRveva, aramed misi iseTi darRveva, romelsac SeeZlo gavlena moexdina eqspertis
daskvnis sisworeze da dasabuTebulobaze. magaliTad,
Tu aRmoCndeba, rom daskvna Seadgina eqspertma, romelic dainteresebulia saqmis SedegiT, an arakompetenturma pirma, romelsac ar gaaCnia saTanado speci298
aluri codna da gamocdileba, an kidev, eqspertma gamoikvlia arasaTanado da uxarisxo obieqti da a. S. maSin eqspertis daskvna ar SeiZleba miviCnioT rogorc
swori da dasabuTebuli.
2. eqspertis daniSvna da Catarebis saproceso formis (wesis) dacva jer kidev ar niSnavs imas, rom eqspertis daskvna dasabuTebulia. eqspertis daskvnis SefasebisaTvis sasamarTlom unda Seafasos is wanamZRvrebi, faqtobrivi da mecnieruli monacemebi, romlebic
safuZvlad udevs am daskvnas.
aseTi Sefaseba sakmaod rTulia mosamarTlisaTvis,
vinaidan igi araa aRWurvili im specialuri codniT,
romliTac aRWurvilia Sesafasebeli daskvnis avtori
_ eqsperti.
amitom, Tu eqspertis daskvna winaaRmdegobaSia saqmeSi arsebul sxva mtkicebulebebTan da am winaaRmdegobis moxsna sasamarTlos (mosamarTles) ar ZaluZs,
maSin mas SeuZlia daniSnos ganmeorebiTi eqspertiza
(173-e muxli).
_ iseve, rogorc saqmeSi arsebuli nebismieri mtkicebulebis uaryofis SemTxvevaSi (249-e muxlis me-4 nawili), eqspertis daskvnis uaryofis drosac sasamarTlom unda daasabuTos Tu ratom uaryo igi.
muxli 173. damatebiTi da

ganmeorebiTi eqspertizis daniSvna
1. Tu eqspertizis daskvna ar aris sruli
an gaurkvevelia, sasamarTlos SeuZlia daniSnos damatebiTi eqspertiza.
2. Tu sasamarTlo ar eTanxmeba eqspertis
daskvnas dausabuTeblobis motiviT, agreTve,
Tu ramdenime eqspertis daskvna ewinaaRmdegeba erTmaneTs, sasamarTlos SeuZlia daniSnos ganmeorebiTi eqspertiza da misi
Catareba daavalos sxva eqsperts an eqspertebs.
299
1. damatebiTi eqspertiza unda ganvasxvavoT ganmeorebiTi eqspertizisagan: damatebiTi eqspertiza

dainiSneba Tu eqspertma ar upasuxa yvela kiTxvaze,
romelic mis winaSe iyo dasmuli, agreTve Tu daskvna
gaurkvevelia da am gaurkvevlobis moxsna eqspertis
daxmarebiT ver moxerxda.
_ gansxvavebiT, ganmeorebiTi eqspertizisa, damatebiTi eqspertiza unda miendos im eqsperts, romelmac Seadgina da gadmougzavna sasamarTlos daskvna.
2. ganmeorebiTi eqspertiza, romlis Catareba unda miendos sxva eqsperts, SeiZleba dainiSnos or SemTxvevaSi, pirveli, roca sasamarTlos azriT eqspertis
daskvna araa dasabuTebuli da meore, roca eqspertebis daskvna ewinaaRmdegebian erTmaneTs, mxedvelobaSia iseTi SemTxvevebi, rodesac eqspertizis daskvna
mindobili hqonda ramdenime eqsperts, romlebic ar
eTanxmebian erTmaneTs da amitom Seadgines cal-calke
daskvnebi (164-e muxli), an kidev, miRebuli iqna ganmeorebiT daniSnuli eqspertis daskvna, romelic ewinaaRmdegeba pirveladi eqspertis daskvnas.
muxli 174. eqspertizis masalebis

dabruneba sasamarTlosaTvis
eqsperti movalea daubrunos sasamarTlos eqspertizisaTvis gamoyenebuli yvela
masala da dokumenti, Tu sasamarTlo amas
moiTxovs.
kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi nivTieri
Tu werilobiTi mtkicebulebebi ubrundeba mis warmomdgens (139-e da 161-e muxlebi). amdenad, masalebi, romlebic gamoiyena eqspertma, da romlebic unda daubrundes mxareebs, eqsperti valdebulia daubrunos sasamarTlos.
300
muxli 175. ficis dadeba eqspertis

mier
eqspertizis Catarebamde an mis Semdeg
eqsperti debs fics. ficis Sinaarsi ganisazRvreba imiT, rom eqsperti atarebs eqspertizas sakuTari codnisa da sindisis
Sesabamisad. Tu eqsperts dadebuli aqvs
saerTo fici analogiuri eqspertizis CatarebasTan dakavSirebiT, maSin sakmarisia
miTiTeba am ficze. masze SeiZleba mieTiTos eqspertis daskvnaSic.
_ eqspertis mier ficis dadebis dros, e. i. rodis
dados eqspertma fici _ eqspertizis Catarebamde Tu
mis Semdeg _ gansazRvravs sasamarTlo. sasamarTlom
SeiZleba gamoiyenos mowmis mier ficis dadebis praqtika da SeiZleba eqspertma fici dados daskvnis micemis Semdeg (153-emuxlis me-2 nawili).
_ amave muxliT gansazRvrulia eqspertis ficis Sinaarsi, romlis mixedviT eqspertis fici ase gamoiyureba: `vficav, Cavatare (an Cavataro) eqspertiza Cemi
codnisa da sindisis Sesabamisad~.
_ specialuri sasamarTlo saeqsperto dawesebulebis eqspertebs SeiZleba micemuli hqondeT saerTo
fici, ris gamoc aRaraa saWiro yoveli calkeuli eqspertizis Catarebisas dadon fici;
_ Tu eqspertizis Catareba miendo arasaeqsperto
dawesebulebis TanamSromels, maSin man SeiZleba dados fici mowmis analogiurad (153-e muxlis me-4- 7 nawilebi). Tu am muxlis analogiiT vixelmZRvanelebT,
maSin eqspertis mier religiuri mniSvnelobis ficis
dadebis dros mosamarTle Semdegnairad mimarTavs eqsperts: `daificeT yovlisSemZle RmerTis winaSe, rom
Tqven Tqveni codnisa da sindisis safuZvelze miscemT
sasamarTlos daskvnas~.
301
amaze eqsperti upasuxebs: `vficav, RmerTi iyos Cemi mfarveli~.

_ arareligiuri ficis dadebis dros mosamarTle mimarTavs eqsperts: `daificeT, rom Tqven mTeli SegnebiT, codniTa da sindisiT mieciT daskvna~.
eqsperti pasuxobs: `vficav~.
Tu eqsperti uars ambobs ficis dadebaze, maSin mosamarTle mimarTavs eqsperts: àdasturebT Tu ara sasamarTlos winaSe pasuxismgeblobis mTeli SegnebiT,
rom Tqven mieciT daskvna Tqveni codnisa da rwmenis
mixedviT~.
eqsperti pasuxobs: `diax, vadastureb~.
muxli 176. eqspertis gasamrjelo

1. sasamarTlos davalebiT Sesrulebuli
samuSaosaTvis, agreTve sasamarTloSi gamocxadebisaTvis mgzavrobisa da sacxovrebeli sadgomis daqiravebis xarjebi da dRiuri Tanxa miecemaT eqspertebs 45-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT.
2. Tu eqspertis azriT, sasamarTlos mier winaswar gansazRvruli xarjebi sagrZnoblad gaizrdeba davis sagnis RirebulebasTan SedarebiT, an didad gadaaWarbebs
winaswar ganasazRvrul xarjebs, eqsperti
valdebulia droulad acnobos amis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili iTvaliswinebs eqspertisaTvis ori saxis anazRaurebas: pirveli _ sasamarTlos davalebiT Sesrulebuli samuSaosaTvis da meore _ mgzavrobis, sacxovrebeli sadgomis daqiravebis
xarjebi da dRiuri Tanxa.
_ sasamarTlos davalebiT Sesrulebuli samuSaosaTvis eqsperti miiRebs anazRaurebas, Tu igi araa specialuri sasamarTlo saeqsperto dawesebulebis Ta302
namSromeli. anazRaurebis odenoba aseT SemTxvevaSi

ganisazRvreba 45-e muxlis mixedviT (ix. am muxlis komentari), e. i. Sesasrulebeli samuSaos xasiaTis da sirTulis mixedviT, romelic sabolood, mxareTa mosazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlosa da eqsperts
Soris dadebuli SeTanxmebiT unda ganisazRvros.
_ rac Seexeba meore saxis xarjebs, rac eqspertis
sasamarTloSi gamocxadebisTvisaa gaTvaliswinebuli,
isini yovelTvis unda aunazRaurdes eqsperts im tarifebis mixedviT, romlebic Sesabamisi normatiuli masaliTaa gansazRvruli.
2. winaswar zustad imis gansazRvra, Tu ra xarjebTan iqneba dakavSirebuli eqspertizis Catareba, miT
umetes Tu saqme gvaqvs rTul bioqimiur gamokvlevebTan da rTuli da ZviradRirebuli masalebisa da teqnikis gamoyenebasTan, SeuZlebelia. amitom, eqsperts
evaleba droulad acnobos sasamarTlos amis Sesaxeb.
saqme isaa, rom eqspertizis xarjebs ixdis mxare, romelmac iSuamdgomla eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb,
an orive mxare, Tu misi daniSvna sasamarTlos iniciativiT moxda (52-e muxli). igulisxmeba, rom Tu aseTi
xarjebi didad gadaaWarbebs winaswar gansazRvruls
da davis sagnis RirebulebasTan mimarTebaSi aRarc ki
Rirs misi Catareba, sasamarTlom mxareebTan SeTanxmebiT SeiZleba uari Tqvas mis Catarebaze.
303
wigni meore
saqmeebis warmoeba pirveli
instanciis sasamarTloSi
kari meoTxe
sasarCelo warmoeba
T a v i
XXI
saqmeebis ganxilva pirveli instanciiT

muxli 177. saqmis aRZvra
1. saqme pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi
aRiZvreba sarCeliT, xolo am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi -_ gancxadebiT.
2. sarCeli (gancxadeba) Sedgenili unda
iyos werilobiTi formiT da upasuxebdes
am kodeqsiT dadgenil moTxovnebs.
pirs, romelsac miaCnia, rom misi ufleba darRveulia an sadavodaa gamxdari, SeuZlia moiTxovos am uflebis dacva sasamarTlos meSveobiT. samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdebloba iTvaliswinebs sxvadasxva saxis samarTalwarmoebas, rogoricaa: a) sasarCelo warmoeba; b) udavo warmoeba; g) gamartivebuli warmoeba.
1. 177-e muxlis pirveli nawili iTvaliswinebs am samarTalwarmoebaTa aRZvras, anu darRveuli (sadavo)
uflebis dacvis formebs, rogoricaa sarCeli da gancxadeba.
sarCelis meSveobiT aRiZvris sasarCelo warmoeba
(kari meoTxe 177-291-e muxlebi), gancxadebis meSveobiT aRiZvris udavo warmoeba (kari meeqvse, 310-356-e
muxlebi) da gamartivebuli warmoeba (302-3097-e muxlebi).
2. samarTalwarmoebis aRZvrisa da uflebis dacvis
304
am formebs (sarCels, gancxadebas) aqvT bevri saerTo,

magram maT aqvT Tavisi specifikac. saerTo ki maT Soris isaa, rom rogorc sarCeli, ise gancxadeba Sedgenili unda iyos werilobiTi formiT da pasuxobdnen kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul moTxovnebs, romlebic bevr
rameSi erTmaneTs emTxveva.
muxli 178. sarCelis Sinaarsi

1. sarCelSi unda aRiniSnos:
a) sasamarTlos dasaxeleba, romelSic SeaqvT sarCeli;
b) mosarCelis warmomadgenlis (Tu sarCeli Seaqvs warmomadgenels), mopasuxis,
mowmis, aseve sxdomaze mosawvevi sxva piris
saxeli, gvari (saxelwodeba), misamarTi, aseve,
arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, samuSao adgilis
misamarTi, telefoni, maT Soris, mobiluri, eleqtronuli fosta, faqsi;
g) mosarCelis moTxovna;
d) garemoebebi, romlebzedac mosarCele
amyarebs Tavis moTxovnebs;
e) mtkicebulebebi, romlebic adasturebs
am garemoebebs;
v) sarCelis fasi;
z) sarCelisTvis darTuli sabuTebis nusxa;
T) am kodeqsis 180-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli iuridiuli interesi, Tu
aRZrulia aRiarebiTi sarCeli.
2. sarCelSi SeiZleba Camoyalibdes agreTve mosarCelis moTxovna imis Sesaxeb,
rom:
a) sasamarTlom daavalos mopasuxes im
mtkicebulebaTa warmodgena, romlebic masTan inaxeba da romlebzedac mosarCele
amyarebs Tavis sasarCelo moTxovnebs;
b) sasamarTlom misces miTiTeba Sesabamis
305
dawesebulebebs, raTa maT warudginon sasamarTlos yvela is werilobiTi Tu nivTieri sabuTi da masala, romlebsac SeuZliaT daadasturon sarCelSi aRniSnuli garemoebebi da romelTa gacemaze aramarTlzomierad uTxres uari mosarCeles;
g) sasamarTlom droulad Seatyobinos
da sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamoiZaxos mowmeebi, romlebsac SeuZliaT daadasturon
sarCelSi aRniSnuli garemoebebi.
3. sarCels xels awers mosarCele an misi
uflebamosili warmomadgeneli.
es muxli sami nawilisagan Sedgeba. pirvel nawilSi
CamoTvlilia moTxovnebi, romlebsac unda pasuxobdes
sarCeli (sarCelis savaldebulo rekvizitebi), meore nawilSi miTiTebulia moTxovnebze, romlebsac sarCeli SeiZleba arc ki pasuxobdes (arasavaldebulo
rekvizitebi), xolo mesame nawili gansazRvravs Tu vis
SeuZlia moaweros xeli sarCels, rac agreTve savaldebuloa.
1. im moTxovnebze, romlebic saerToa sasamarTloSi yoveli formiT mimarTvisaTvis, gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs am muxlis pirveli nawilis `b~, `g~,
`d~ da è~ qvepunqtebi.
_ `b~ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad sarCelSi miTiTebuli
unda iyos ara marto mosarCelisa da mopasuxis vinaoba
da misamarTebi, aramed sasamarTloSi mosawvevi nebismieri piris vinaoba da misamarTebi, agreTve maTi telefoni (mobiluri), eleqtronuli fosta, faqsi. am punqtis Tanaxmad mosarCelis warmomadgenlis vinaoba da
misamarTi miTiTebuli unda iyos sarCelSi, Tu mas
Seaqvs es sarCeli, magram 70-e muxlis pirveli nawilis
analizi (ix. am muxlis komentari) safuZvels gvaZlevs
gavakeToT daskvna, rom warmomadgenlis vinaobisa da
misamarTis miTiTeba sarCelSi yovelTvis aucilebe-
306
lia, Tu, ra Tqma unda, mosarCeles am droisaTvis yavs

warmomadgeneli.
g qvepunqtis Tanaxmad sarCelSi miTiTebuli unda
iyos mosarCelis moTxovna, anu sarCelis sagani. es
uaRresad mniSvnelovani da principuli xasiaTis moTxovnaa. saqme isaa, rom sasamarTlo ixilavs sarCels da
gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba swored am sasarCelo moTxovnis farglebSi, romlebsac sasamarTlo verc Secvlis da verc gaafarTovebs. dispoziciurobis principidan gamomdinare sasarCelo moTxovnebis Secvlis
an gafarToebis ufleba mxolod mosarCeles aqvs.
aqedan gamomdinare, sarCelSi naTlad, garkveviT
da amomwuravad unda iyos miTiTebuli, Tu ras
moiTxovs mosarCele mopasuxisagan. Tu es moTxovna araa srulyofilad Camoyalibebuli, maSin sasamarTlom unda misces mosarCeles vada xarvezis
Sesavsebad.
d qvepunqtis Tanaxmad sarCelSi miTiTebuli
unda iyos garemoebebi, romlebzec mosarCele amyarebs
Tavis moTxovnas. es garemoebebi TavianT erTobliobaSi Seadgenen mtkicebis sagans. sasamarTlo aqac SeboWilia. SejibrebiTobis principidan gamomdinare mxareebma TviTon unda gansazRvron Tu romeli faqtebi daudon safuZvlad TavianT moTxovnebs da
Sesagebels (ix. me-4 muxlis komentari). sasarCelo
moTxovnis dasasabuTeblad sarCelSi miTiTebuli
faqtebi warmoadgenen im iuridiul faqtebs, romlebic
qmnian sarCelis safuZvels. mtkicebulebaTa Sekreba,
Semowmeba da Sefaseba sasamarTlom unda awarmoos sarCelSi miTiTebuli faqtiuri garemoebebis mimarT. sasamarTlos SeuZlia ar Sekribos mtkicebulebebi iseTi
faqtebis mimarT, romlebzec marTalia miuTiTebs mosarCele, magram maT ar aqvT mniSvneloba saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis (ix. 104-e muxlis komentari).
aqedan gamomdinare, sarCelSi naTlad da garkveviT
unda iyos miTiTebuli garemoebebze, romlebzec mosarCele afuZnebs Tavis moTxovnebs, winaaRmdeg
307
SemTxvevaSi mas unda mieces vada xarvezis Sesavsebad

(185-e muxli).
e qvepunqtis Tanaxmad sarCelSi miTiTebuli unda
iyos mtkicebulebebi, romlebsac SeuZliaT daadasturon mosarCelis mier sarCelis safuZvelSi miTiTebuli faqtebi, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda
misces vada mosarCeles xarvezis Sesavsebad 185-e muxlis Sesabamisad.
xarvezad ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos is, rom sarCels ar
erTvis mtkicebulebebi, mtkicebulebebis TandarTva
sarCelze sasurvelia, magram araa savaldebulo, damtkicebis movaleoba (mtkicebis tvirTi)warmoiSveba sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis Semdeg. amiT sasarCelo warmoeba gansxvavdeba udavo da gamartivebuli warmoebisagan, romlis dros gancxadebas Tan unda erTvodes
mtkicebulebebi (ix. 303-e, 313-e da 315-e muxlebis komentari).
mosarCeles ar evaleba sadavo samarTlebrivi urTierTobis iuridiuli kvalifikacia, es imas niSnavs, rom
mosarCele araa valdebuli miuTiTos sarCelSi kanonebze da iuridiulad daasabuTos Tavisi sasarCelo
moTxovna.
am muxlis v qvepunqtis Tanaxmad mosarCele
valdebulia miuTiTos sarCelis fasi anu davis sagnis
Rirebuleba. mosarCeles aseTi movaleoba ganmtkicebulia agreTve me-40 muxliT. Tu mosarCelis mier miTiTebuli fasis odenoba saeWvoa, mosamarTle gansazRvravs mis odenobas. davis sagnis Rirebulebis
gansazRvris wesebi Camoyalibebulia me-40-41-e muxlebSi (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
am muxlis z qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebul movaleobas zogjer ar asruleben mosarCeleebi, e.i. sarCelSi ar uTiTeben TandarTuli sabuTebis nusxas, rac
zogjer seriozuli gaugebrobis mizezi xdeba, kerZod
zogjer mosarCele acxadebs rom man sarCelTan erTad
warmoadgina sabuTi, romelic ratomRac araa saqmeSi.
aseTi da sxva gaugebrobis Tavidan acilebis mizniT
308
sarCelSi yovelTvis unda mieTiTos im sabuTebze, romlebic mas erTvis. es saSualebas miscems mosamarTles
Seamowmos nusxis sisrule da siswore, xolo Tu es
saWiroa misces vada mosarCeles Seavsos an daazustos
es nusxa.
iuridiuli interesi aRiarebiTi sarCelis aRZvris
winapirobaa. sasamarTlo ar miiRebs sarCels, Tu mosarCeles ar aqvs aseTi sarCelis aRZvris interesi. amitom, T qvepunqti avaldebulebs mosarCeles miuTiTos
mis mier aRZrul aRiarebiT sarCelSi aseT iuridiul
interesze. Tumca, rogorc aRvniSneT, iuridiuli interesi aris ara sarCelis Sinaarsis sakiTxi, aramed am
sarCelis aRZvris, misi gansaxilvelad miRebis winapiroba. iuridiuli interesis raobis Sesaxeb ix. 180-e
muxlis komentari.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawilSi miTiTebuli moTxovnebis
sarCelSi Camoyalibeba marTalia Zalze sasurvelia da
udavod Seuwyobs xels saqmis droulad ganxilvas, magram araa savaldebulo. amitom, mas Semdeg, rac sarCeli iqneba miRebuli warmoebaSi, sasamarTlom unda
daavalos mosarCeles jer kidev momzadebis stadiaze,
droulad aRZras sasamarTlos winaSe Sesabamisi Suamdgomlobebi (203-e da 206-e muxlebi).
3. sasamarTloSi sarCeli mosarCelis saxeliT
SeiZleba Seitanos misma warmomadgenelma, magram
erTi savaldebulo pirobiT, Tu am warmomadgenels
gaaCnia specialuri uflebamosileba amisaTvis (ix.
98-e muxlis komentari).
muxli 179. sarCelisa da TandarTuli

sabuTebis aslebi
sarCeli da TandarTuli sabuTebi sasamarTlos unda waredginos imdeni asliT,
ramdenic mopasuxea. sarCels unda erTodes agreTve saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdis damadasturebeli dokumentebi.
309
_ sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebisaTvis igi unda pasuxobdes ara marto im moTxovnebs, romlebic Camoyalibebulia 178-e muxlis pirvel nawilSi, aramed warmodgenili iyos imdeni asliT, ramdenic mopasuxea da erTvodes baJis gadaxdis damadasturebeli dokumenti.
_ sasamarTlos ufleba ara aqvs miiRos sarCeli warmoebaSi baJis winaswari gadaxdis gareSe (185-e muxli),
magram mas SeuZlia gaaTavisuflos gadaxdisagan, gadauvados, ganuwilvados gadaxda, Seumciros baJis odenoba (46-e-49-e muxlebi). amis Sesaxeb sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos motivirebuli ganCineba.
muxli 180. aRiarebiTi sarCeli

sarCeli SeiZleba aRiZras uflebisa Tu
samarTlebrivi urTierTobebis arsebobaararsebobis dadgenis, dokumentebis namdvilobis aRiarebis an dokumentebis siyalbis dadgenis Sesaxeb, Tu mosarCeles aqvs
imis iuridiuli interesi, rom aseTi aRiareba sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT moxdes.
_ sarCeli sami saxisaa: mikuTvnebiTi anu aRsrulebiTi sarCelebi, gardaqmniTi sarCelebi da aRiarebiTi
anu dadgeniTi sarCelebi. aRiarebiTi sarCeli SeiZleba iyos rogorc dadebiTi (magaliTad, sarCeli qiravnobiTi urTierTobis arsebobis dadgenis Sesaxeb), ise
uaryofiTi (magaliTad, nasyidobis xelSekrulebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb).
aRiarebiTi sarCeli SeiZleba mxolod im moTxovnaTa arseboba-ararsebobis Sesaxeb, romlebic miTiTebulia am muxlSi.
_ aRiarebiTi sarCelebi yovelTvis gulisxmoben modave mxareebs. amitom, aseT sarCelebSi yovelTvis
gvyavs ori modave mxare _ mosarCele da mopasuxe, riTac igi gansxvavdeba udavo warmoebis wesiT iuridiuli faqtis dadgenisagan.
310
_ aRiarebiTi sarCelis miRebisaTvis saWiroa yvela

is dadebiTi Tu uaryofiTi winapirobebi, romlebic miTiTebulia 178-e muxlSi (ix. am muxlis komentari).
_ amasTan erTad, aRiarebiT sarCels waeyeneba kidev erTi damatebiTi winapiroba _ iuridiuli interesi. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu arsebobs sarCelis aRZvris yvela winapiroba, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia
178-e muxliT, magram ar arsebobs iuridiuli interesi, mosarCeles uari unda eTqvas aRiarebiTi sarCelis miRebaze da ganxilvaze.
gansxvavebiT mikuTvnebiTi (aRsrulebiTi) sarCelebisa, romlebic mimarTulia darRveuli uflebis dacvisaken, aRiarebiTi sarCelebis dros mosarCelis ufleba jer kidev araa darRveuli, magram arsebobs misi
momavalSi darRvevis saSiSroeba, radgan viRaca edaveba mas am uflebaSi.
aqedan gamomdinare, iuridiuli interesis arsebobisaTvis, romelic warmoadgens aRiarebiTi sarCelis
miRebisa da ganxilvis winapirobas _ saWiroa:
1. arsebobdes dava mxareTa Soris uflebisa Tu samarTlebrivi urTierTobis Sesaxeb, e.i. mopasuxe unda
ecilebodes (edavebodes) mosarCeles uflebaSi (magaliTad, sakuTrebis uflebaSi, moTxovnis uflebaSi da
a.S.);
2. aseTi dava unda qmnides am uflebis momavalSi
darRvevis realur saSiSroebas;
3. aRiarebiTi sarCelis gadawyveta, davis gadawyvetis saukeTeso saSualeba unda iyos, anu am gadawyvetilebas sruliad garkveuli sargebloba unda mohqondes mosarCelisaTvis; is unda qmnides uflebis Tu
urTierTobis gansazRvrulobas, rac dairRva mxareTa
Soris wamoWrili davis gamo;
4. aRiarebiTi sarCeli dauSvebelia, Tu ukve SesaZlebelia sarCeli TviT valdebulebis Sesrulebis Taobaze, e.i. Tu SesaZlebelia aRiZras mikuTvnebiTi (aRsrulebiTi) sarCeli.
311
muxli 181. sarCeli valdebulebebis

momavalSi Sesrulebis Sesaxeb
sarCeli valdebulebebis momavalSi Sesrulebis Sesaxeb dasaSvebia, Tu:
a) sasarCelo moTxovna ar aris damokidebuli valdebulebis sapasuxo Sesrulebaze da misi Sesrulebis TariRi dakavSirebulia kalendaruli dRis dadgomasTan;
b) viTarebis mixedviT gamarTlebulia SiSi
imis Taobaze, rom movale Tavs aaridebs
valdebulebis droulad Sesrulebas.
_ valdebulebis momavalSi Sesrulebis Sesaxeb sarCelebis miRebis winapirobebi, garda 178-e muxlSi miTiTebuli sarCelis uflebis winapirobebisa, damatebiT gaTvaliswinebulia am muxlis à~ da `b~ qvepunqtebiT. sakiTxi exeba sarCels iseTi valdebulebis Sesaxeb, romlis Sesrulebis vada jer ar damdgara da maSasadame ar arsebobs sarCelis ufleba anu sarCelis dakmayofilebis ufleba materialur samarTlebrivi
TvalsazrisiT.
_ imisaTvis, rom sasamarTlom miiRos aseTi sarCeli warmoebaSi, masSi, garda 178-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli rekvizitebisa, miTiTebuli unda iyos damatebiT, jer erTi _ imis Sesaxeb, rom moTxovna ar aris
damokidebuli valdebulebis sapasuxo Sesrulebaze, magaliTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 369-e muxlis Tanaxmad ìm pirs, romelsac valdebuleba akisria ... SeuZlia uari Tqvas valdebulebis Sesrulebaze sapasuxo moqmedebis ganxorcielebamde ...~ meore _ valdebulebis Sesrulebis TariRi dakavSirebulia kalendaruli dRis dadgomasTan. saqme isaa, rom Tu valdebulebis SesrulebisaTvis araa gansazRvruli dro, maSin
kreditors nebismier dros SeuZlia moiTxovos misi
Sesruleba (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 365-e muxli) da aqedan gamomdinare, valdebulebis momavalSi Sesrule312
bis Sesaxeb sarCelis aRZvris saWiroeba ar arsebobs.

mesame _ adgili aqvs iseT garemoebebs (viTarebas), romlebic iZlevian imis varaudis safuZvels, rom movale
Tavs aaridebs an saerTod ver SeZlebs valdebulebis
Tavis droze Sesrulebas.
_ mxedvelobaSi misaRebia is mdgomareoba, rom valdebulebis vadamde Sesrulebis moTxovna saerTod dauSvebelia (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 366-e muxli). kreditors SeuZlia moiTxovos valdebulebis dauyovnebliv
Sesruleba im SemTxvevaSic ki, roca misi SesrulebisaTvis dadgenilia dro da es dro jer ar damdgara `Tu
movale gadaxdisuunaro gaxda, an Sepirebuli uzrunvelyofa Seamcira, anda igi saerTod ver warmoadgina
(samoqalaqo kodeqsis 367-e muxli).
ssk 181-e muxli ar iTvaliswinebs arc valdebulebis vadamde Sesrulebas da arc valdebulebis dauyovnebliv Sesrulebas. es muxli garkveuli pirobebis arsebobisas dasaSvebad Tvlis mxolod sarCelebs valdebulebis momavalSi Sesrulebis Sesaxeb.
muxli 182. ramdenime sasarCelo

moTxovnis gaerTianeba da gamoyofa
1. mosarCeles SeuZlia erT sarCelSi gaaerTianos am sasamarTlos gansjadi ramdenime moTxovna erTi da imave mopasuxis
mimarT, imisgan damoukideblad, erTsa da
imave safuZvlebs emyareba es moTxovnebi,
Tu _- ara.
2. sasarCelo gancxadebis mimReb mosamarTles SeuZlia gaerTianebuli moTxovnebidan calke warmoebad gamoyos erTi an
ramdenime moTxovna, Tu cnobs, rom moTxovnaTa gancalkevebuli garCeva ufro mizanSewonilia.
3. ramdenime mosarCelis mier an ramdenime mopasuxis mimarT wardgenili moTxovne313
bis miRebisas, sasarCelo gancxadebis mimReb mosamarTles SeuZlia calke warmoebad gamoyos erTi an ramdenime moTxovna,
Tu cnobs, rom moTxovnaTa gancalkevebuli ganxilva ufro mizanSewonilia.
4. Tu sasamarTlos warmoebaSia ramdenime erTgvarovani da samarTlebrivad erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli saqme, romlebSic
erTi da igive an sxvadasxva mxare monawileobs, sasamarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi iniciativiT an mxaris SuamdgomlobiT gaaerTianos es saqmeebi erT warmoebad erTad
ganxilvisaTvis, Tu aseT gaerTianebas Sedegad mohyveba davis ufro swrafad da sworad ganxilva. mosamarTle, romelsac mimarTes saqmeTa gaerTianebis Sesaxeb SuamdgomlobiT, Tavis warmoebaSi arsebul saqmesTan
aerTianebs Tavis warmoebaSive an sxva mosamarTlis warmoebaSi arsebul saqmes, ris
Taobazedac gamoaqvs motivirebuli ganCineba.
1. gansxvavebiT sarCelebis subieqturi gaerTianebisa, romelic warmoSobs Tanamonawileobas, am muxlis
pirveli nawili iTvaliswinebs sarCelebis obieqturi gaerTianebis SesaZleblobas e. i. ramdenime sasarCelo moTxovnis gaerTianebas erTi da imave mopasuxis
mimarT.
am uflebis realizacia, e.i. ramdenime sasarCelo
moTxovnvis gaerTianeba dasaSvebia: a) Tu yvela moTxovna cal-calke aRebuli am sasamarTlos gansjadia. es imas niSnavs, rom ar SeiZleba iseTi moTxovnebis gaerTianeba, romlebic sxvadasxva sasamarTlos gansjadia. (magaliTad, erTi moTxovna quTaisis sasamarTlos gansjadia, xolo sxvebi samtrediis sasamarTlos
gansjadia da a.S.)
es wesi ar vrceldeba magistrati mosamarTlis gan314
sjad saqmeebze, romelic am raionis (qalaqis) administraciul-teritoriul erTeulSi moqmedebs. amis

safuZvels gvaZlevs me-13 muxlis me-4 nawili, romlis
Tanaxmad Tu arsebobs erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli
ramdenime moTxovna, romelTagan erT-erTi ar
ganekuTvneba magistrati mosamarTlis gansjad saqmes,
am saqmes ganixilavs raionuli sasamarTlos sxva mosamarTle; b) Tu sarCeli aRZrulia erTi da imave mopasuxis mimarT. Tu sarCeli aRiZvris ramdenime mosarCelis mier, an ramdenime mopasuxis winaaRmdeg, maSin
gveqneba sarCelebis subieqturi gaerTianeba, anu Tanamonawileoba da aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda
ixelmZRvanelos 86-e muxliT (ix. am muxlis komentari).
ar aris aucilebeli, rom es gaerTianebuli sxvadasxva moTxovna erTsa da imave safuZvels, anu erTsa
da imave faqtobriv garemoebebs emyarebodes. magaliTad, erT sarCelSi S eiZleba iseTi moTxovnebis gaerTianeba, rogoricaa sesxad micemuli Tanxis dabruneba, binis qiris gadaxdevineba, ijaris xelSekrulebis
baTilad cnoba, zianis anazRaureba da a.S. yvela es
moTxovna sxvadasxva faqtobriv da samarTlebriv
safuZvlebs emyareba, magram maTi gaerTianeba dasaSvebia zemoT miTiTebuli pirobebis dacviT.
2. Cveni ssk-si upiratesobas aniWebs mxareTa uflebebis realur dacvas, saqmis sworad da swrafad
gadawyvetis interesebs. am interesebiTaa ganpirobebuli am muxlis me-2 nawilis danawesi imis Sesaxeb, rom
sasamarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi iniciativiT gamoyos
gaerTianebuli moTxovnebidan erTi an ramdenime
moTxovna, Tu es misi azriT xels Seuwyobs am moTxovnebis sworad da swrafad ganxilvas.
moTxovnebis calke warmoebad (calke warmoebebad)
gamoyofis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba,
romelzec ar SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.
3. 86-e muxli uflebas aZlevs pirebs gaerTiandnen
am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis arsebobisas da
315
ise aRZran sarCeli erTi an ramdenime mopasuxis

winaaRmdeg (sarCelebis subieqturi SeerTeba).
182-e muxlis me-3 nawili uflebas aZlevs sasamarTlos Tavisi iniciativiT, mxareebTan winaswari SeTanxmebis gareSe calke warmoebad gamoyos erTi an ramdenime moTxovna. gamoyofis safuZveli aqac saproceso samarTlebrivi xasiaTisaa: saqmeTa ufro swrafi da
swori ganxilva -gadawyveta.
moTxovnaTa calke warmoebad gamoyofis SemTxvevaSic sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelzec ar SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.
4. am muxlis me-4 nawili ki piriqiT iTvaliswinebs
am sasamarTloSi aRZruli sxvadasxva sarCelebis
erT warmoebad gaerTianebas. mniSvneloba ar aqvs
erTi da igive mxareebi monawileoben Tu ara am saqmeSi.
sasamarTloSi ukve aRZruli sxvadasxva sarCelis
gaerTianeba erT warmoebad SesaZlebelia ori pirobis
erTdroulad arsebobisas: a) Tu gasaerTianebeli
saqmeebi erTgvarovani da samarTlebrivad erTmaneTTan dakavSirebulia. magaliTad, aRZrulia ramdenime
sxvadasxva sarCeli warmoebaSi momxdari avariis Sedegad miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb; b) saqmeTa gaerTianebas moyveba davis ufro swrafad da sworad ganxilva.
erTgvarovania samarTlebrivad saqmeebi Tu ara - es
obieqturi niSania da damokidebulia gaerTianebuli
saqmeebis xasiaTze da Sinaarsze, magaliTad, Tu ramdenime muSa-mosamsaxurem aRZra sarCeli samuSaoze
aRdgenis Sesaxeb, romlebic Statebis Semcirebis gamo
daiTxova sawarmos administraciam - es sarCelebi erTgvarovania da maTi gaerTianebac mizanSewonili iqneba. magram, Tu amave administracias sxva muSa-mosamsaxureTa mimarT aRZruli aqvs sarCeli miyenebuli zianis
anazRaurebis Sesaxeb yvela am sarCelis erTad gaerTianeba dauSvebelia, radgan isini araa erTmaneTTan
dakavSirebuli samarTlebrivad da araa erTgvarovani.
mosamarTles SeuZlia gaaerTianos (Tavisi inicia316
tiviT an mxaris SuamdgomlobiT) mxolod mis warmoebaSi arsebuli, agreTve amave sasamarTlos sxva mosamarTlesTan arsebuli saqmeebi, ris Sesaxebac mas gamoaqvs motivirebuli ganCineba. sxva mosamarTlesTan
arsebuli saqmeebis gaerTianebisas mizanSewonili iqneba mosamarTlem saqmeTa gaerTianebis Sesaxeb ganCinebis gamotanamde winaswar moeTaTbiros sxva mosamarTles, xolo saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, am sasamarTlos
Tavmjdomares.
saqmeTa gaerTianebis Sesaxeb ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba.
muxli 183. sarCelis miRebis Sesaxeb

ganCinebis gamotanis vada
mosamarTle valdebulia sarCelis Cabarebidan xuTi dRis ganmavlobaSi gamoitanos ganCineba am sarCelis miRebis Sesaxeb.
sarCeli miRebulad miiCneva misi miRebis
Sesaxeb ganCinebis gamotanis dRidan, xolo, Tu aRniSnul vadaSi ganCineba gamotanili ar iqneba, maSin -_ am vadis gasvlis
Semdeg.
_ xuTdRiani vadis aTvla iwyeba im dRidan, roca mosamarTles Cabarda (gadaeca) sarCeli.
xuTi dRe aris vada, romlis ganmavlobaSi mosamarTlem an unda miiRos ganCineba misTvis gadacemuli sarCelis xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb, Tu aseTi xarvezi gaaCnia mas (185-e muxli), an miiRos ganCineba sarCelis
warmoebaSi miRebis Sesaxeb.
_ Tu arcerTi es ganCineba miRebuli araa mosamarTlis mier, maSin sarCeli iTvleba miRebulad da unda
daiwyos misi ganxilvisaTvis winaswari momzadeba ise,
rogorc es ganxorcildeboda am sarCelis warmoebaSi
miRebis Sesaxeb ganCineba rom yofiliyo gamotanili.
_ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom aseT sarCels aRmoaCn317
des xarvezi. sasamarTlom unda miiRos zomebi mis gamosasworeblad, magram Tu mosarCele amas ar akeTebs,
magaliTad, ar ixdis saxelmwifo baJs, sasamarTlom mainc unda moamzados da ganixilos sarCeli, radgan igi
miRebulad iTvleba. is, risi gamosworebac mosamarTlem ver SeZlo momzadebis stadiaze, SeiZleba gamoswordes am sarCelis mimarT sasamarTlos mier gamotanili gadawyvetilebiT (magaliTad, daakisros Sesabamis mxares baJis gadaxda).
_ 183-e muxlis umTavresi mizani da daniSnuleba
mdgomareobs imaSi, rom sasamarTloebi gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT moeqcnen da droulad Seiswavlon,
Seamowmon da gadawyviton sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis sakiTxi.
muxli 184. sarCelisa da TandarTuli

dokumentebis aslebis gadagzavna
mopasuxisaTvis
1. sarCelis miRebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo
ganCinebis gamotanis Semdeg an aseTi ganCinebis gamotanis vadis gasvlis Semdeg (am
kodeqsis 183-e muxli) mosamarTle valdebulia gasces gankarguleba am sarCelisa
da TandarTuli dokumentebis aslebis mopasuxisaTvis
am kodeqsis 201-emuxliT
dadgenili wesiT gadagzavnis Sesaxeb.
2. sarCelis sasamarTlo warmoebaSi miRebis Semdeg mxareTa Soris wamoWrili dava ar SeiZleba romelime sxva sasamarTlom
an organom ganixilos. amasTan, mxareebs ar
erTmevaT ufleba gayidon an sxva gziT
gaasxvison davis sagani, anda daTmon TavianTi moTxovna.
3. amoRebulia.
318
1. sarCeli warmoebaSi miRebulad iTvleba mosamarTlis mier Sesabamisi ganCinebis miRebis Semdeg, risTvisac mas eZleva xuTi dRis vada, xolo Tu man am vadaSi
ganCineba ar miiRo _ xuTi dRis vadis gasvlis Semdeg
(183-e muxli).
_ sarCelis da masze darTuli dokumentebis aslebis mopasuxisaTvis gadagzavnas sasamarTlo awarmoebs
201-e muxlis moTxovnaTa dacviT (ix. am muxlis komentari). gankarguleba gadagzavnis Sesaxeb unda aisaxos
ganCinebaSi sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis Sesaxeb.
_ sarCelis da masze TandarTuli dokumentebis mopasuxisaTvis gadagzavna unda moxdes dauyovnebliv
sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis Semdeg.
2. me-2 nawilSi xazgasmulia marTlmsajulebis wesiT saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetis upiratesoba sxva
wesiT saqmis ganxilvasTan SedarebiT. amitom, Tu sarCeli miRebulia warmoebaSi sasamarTlos mier, sxva arasasamarTlo organos am saqmis ganxilva da gadawyveta
ar SeuZlia, xolo Tu mainc moxdeba es, maSin saqme, e. i.
dava mxareTa Soris gadawyvetilad CaiTvleba ise, rogorc es sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiTaa gansazRvruli.
_ rac Seexeba am davis sxva sasamarTlos mier ganxilvas, roca sarCeli erTdrouladaa Sesuli or an met
sasamarTloSi, rac alternatiuli gansjadobis dros
SeiZleba moxdes, kolizia gadaWrilia imis mixedviT,
Tu romel sasamarTloSi ufro adre Sevida es sarCeli. vadis gamoTvla unda moxdes imis mixedviT, Tu romel sasamarTloSi ufro adre miiRes ganCineba sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis Sesaxeb, an romeli dRidan iTvleba igi miRebulad, roca aseTi ganCineba ratomRac
ar iyo gamotanili (183-e muxli).
3. yovelTvis, roca araa gatarebuli sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebebi, mxareebs ufleba aqvT gayidon, gaaCuqon davis sagani, an daTmon moTxovna.
aseT SemTxvevaSi am mxaris nacvlad saqmeSi Caebmeba uflebamonacvle (ix. 92-e muxlis komentari).
319
muxli 185. xarvezis Sesaxeb ganCineba

da sarCelis ukan dabruneba
Tu mosamarTle gamoarkvevs, rom sarCeli
Setanilia am kodeqsis 178-e da 179-e muxlebSi miTiTebuli pirobebis darRveviT an/
da saxelmwifo baJi ar aris gadaxdili an/
da saqmeSi ar aris warmomadgenlis uflebamosilebis damadasturebeli sabuTi, igi
gamoitans xarvezis Sesaxeb ganCinebas da
mosarCeles dauniSnavs vadas mis Sesavsebad. Tu mosarCele daniSnul vadaSi Seavsebs
ganCinebaSi miTiTebul xarvezs, mosamarTle gamoitans ganCinebas sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis Sesaxeb; winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas
sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebaze uaris Tqmisa
da misi mosarCelisaTvis dabrunebis Sesaxeb, razedac SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana. aseTi gadawyvetilebis miRebis SemTxvevaSi saxelmwifo baJi eqvemdebareba mTlianad dabrunebas.
_ mosamarTle, sarCelis misTvis Cabarebidan xuTi
dRis ganmavlobaSi, yuradRebiT unda gaecnos sarCels
im TvalsazrisiT, pasuxobs Tu ara igi 178-e da 179-e
muxlebis moTxovnebs (ix. am muxlebis komentari). Tu
aRmoCndeba, rom igi ar pasuxobs romelime am moTxovnas, mosamarTle gamoitans ganCinebas xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb, romelSic amomwuravad unda iyos miTiTebuli Tu ra xarvezi (xarvezebi) gaaCnia am sarCels
da ra vadaSi unda aRmoifxvras es xarvezi. xarvezis
SevsebisaTvis vadas gansazRvravs sasamarTlo imis mixedviT, Tu ra xasiaTis moqmedeba unda Seasrulos mosarCelem da ra vada iqneba amisaTvis saWiro.
- ganCineba xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb mosamarTles
gamoaqvs im SemTxvevaSic, roca sarCeli Seaqvs da masze
320
xels awers mosarCelis warmomadgeneli, Tumca mas ar

gaaCnia amisaTvis specialuri uflebamosileba (ix.98-e
da 178-e muxlebis komentari).
_ ganCineba xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb unda Cabardes mosarCeles 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.
_ rogorc ki xarvezis Sevsebis vada amoiwureba, Tu
xarvezi am vadaSi ar iyo Sevsebuli, sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebaze uaris
Tqmisa (186-e muxlis T qvepunqti) da misi mosarCelisaTvis dabrunebis Sesaxeb. es ganCineba, sarCeli da masze TandarTuli masalebi unda Cabardes da daubrundes mosarCeles 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.
_ am ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana 416e muxliT dadgenil vadebSi (ix. am muxlis komentari).
_ mosarCeles SeuZlia Seitanos kerZo saCivari am
ganCinebaze, magram mas ar SeuZlia moiTxovos saqmis
ganaxleba, rogorc zogjer amas adgili aqvs praqtikaSi. Tu ganCineba sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebaze uarisTqmis Sesaxeb gauqmdeba, sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis (da ara saqmis ganaxlebis) Sesaxeb.
_ sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebaze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi, mosarCeles ubrundeba saxelmwifo baJic,
Tu igi Setanili iyo.
muxli 186. sarCelis miRebaze uaris

Tqma
1. mosamarTle ar miiRebs sarCels, Tu:
a) sarCeli ar eqvemdebareba sasamarTlo
uwyebas;
b) arsebobs sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba
an ganCineba mosarCelis mier sarCelze uaris Tqmis, mopasuxis mier sarCelis cnobis
an mxareTa morigebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb;
g) am an sxva sasamarTlos warmoebaSia
saqme davaze imave mxareebs Soris, imave
321
saganze da imave safuZvliT;

d) mxareebs dadebuli aqvT xelSekruleba, rom maT Soris dava gadasawyvetad gadaeces kerZo arbitraJs;
e) saqme am sasamarTlos gansjadi ar aris;
v) sarCeli Seitana qmeduunaro pirma;
z) dainteresebuli piris saxeliT gancxadeba Seitana pirma, romelsac ara aqvs
uflebamosileba saqmis warmoebaze.
T) mosarCelem ar Seavso sasamarTlos
mier miTiTebuli sarCelis xarvezi (am kodeqsis 185-e muxli).
2. am muxlis pirveli nawilis e, z
da T qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli
safuZvlebiT mosamarTlis uari gancxadebis miRebaze xels ar uSlis, ganmeorebiT
mimarTon sasamarTlos imave sarCeliT, Tu
acilebeli iqneba daSvebuli darRveva.
1. sarCeli SeiZleba pasuxobdes yvela moTxovnas,
rac gaTvaliswinebulia 178-e, 179-e da 185-e muxlebiT,
magram igi SeiZleba mainc ar miiRos sasamarTlom, radgan ar arsebobs sarCelis uflebis wanamZRvrebi. es wanamZRvrebi miTiTebulia am muxlSi.
a) saerTo sasamarTloebis uwyebrivi qvemdebareoba (sasamarTlo saqveuwyeboba) zogadad gansazRvrulia me-11 muxliT (ix. am muxlis komentari). sasamarTlo ver ganixilavs sarCels, Tu misi ganxilva ar Sedis
sasamarTloebis kompetenciaSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, im motiviT, rom misi ganxilva ar eqvemdebareba sasamarTlos uwyebrivad.
Tu sasamarTlom SecdomiT miiRo aseTi sarCeli,
magram SemdgomSi aRmoCnda, rom ar unda mieRo arasaqveuwyebobis gamo, maSin igive sasamarTlo gamoitans meore ganCinebas saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb (272-
322
e muxli), ise rom arc ki gaauqmebs Tavis Tavdapirvel

ganCinebas sarCelis miRebis Sesaxeb.
b) am qvepunqts mxedvelobaSi aqvs sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba, romelic gamotanilia imave sarCelze,
e. i. davaze imave mxareebs Soris, imave saganze da imave safuZvliT. igi efuZneba akrZalvas, romlis mixedviT gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg
mxareebs ar SeuZliaT xelaxla ganacxadon sasamarTloSi igive sarCeli (266-e muxli).
_ igive Sedegebi ukavSirdeba sasamarTlo ganCinebas saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb, imis gamo, rom
mosarCelem uari Tqva sarCelze, mopasuxem cno sarCeli, an kidev, mxareebi morigdnen.
Tu es sakiTxi gairkva mas Semdeg, rac sasamarTlom
miiRo sarCeli warmoebaSi, mosamarTle Sewyvets saqmis warmoebas ssk 272-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqtis Sesabamisad (ix. am muxlis komentari).
g) ar SeiZleba erTi da igive sarCeli erTdroulad
ganixilebodes imave sasamarTloSi sxva mosamarTlis
an sxva Semadgenlobis mier, an sxva sasamarTloSi. erTi da igive sarCelis sxvadasxva sasamarTloSi ganxilvis SesaZleblobis daSveba niSnavs erTsa da imave saqmeze sxvadasxva Sinaarsis sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis arsebobis daSvebas: erTma sasamarTlom SeiZleba
gamoitanos gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayofilebis
Sesaxeb, xolo meorem _ sarCelze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.
cxadia, rom am gadawyvetilebaTa aRsruleba SeuZlebeli iqneba.
_ Tu or an met sasamarTloSi Setanilia erTi da igive sarCeli, saqme unda ganixilos im sasamarTlom, romelmac yvelaze adre miiRo ganCineba sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis Sesaxeb, an romelSic igi ufro adre
miRebulad iTvleba (183-e muxli).
Tu sasamarTlom yovelive amis Sesaxeb Seityo ara
sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis etapze, aramed misi miRebis Semdeg, maSin gamoitans ganCinebas sarCelis ga-
323
nuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb 275-e muxlis è~ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad (ix. am muxlis komentari).
d) mxareTa Soris dadebul SeTanxmebas davis kerZo
arbitraJisaTvis (samediatoro sasamarTlosaTvis) gadacemis Sesaxeb, aqvs iuridiuli Zala, rogorc TviTon
mxareebisaTvis, ise sasamarTlosaTvis. amitom, aseTi
SeTanxmebis (xelSekrulebis) arsebobisas sasamarTlos ufleba ar aqvs miiRos da ganixilos sarCeli, xolo Tu SecdomiT miiRo _ Sewyvitos saqmis warmoeba
(272-e muxlis `v~ qvepunqti).
_ mxareebs, cxadia, SeuZliaT gaauqmon TavianTi SeTanxmeba axali SeTanxmebiT, uari Tqvan davis kerZo
arbitraJSi ganxilvaze da am davis ganxilva kvlav saerTo sasamarTlos dauqvemdebaron, magram yovelive
es mxareebma werilobiT unda gaaformon da ise warudginon sasamarTlos.
e) gansjadoba gvaZlevs pasuxs kiTxvaze: romeli sasamarTlos gansaxilvelia sarCeli. samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis me-13-24-e muxlebi awesrigeben gansjadobas. principi aseTia: saqme unda ganixilos gansjadma sasamarTlom. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu sarCeli aRZrulia aragansjad sasamarTloSi, am sasamarTlos SeuZlia ar miiRos igi gansaxilvelad.
_ amasTan erTad, gansjadobis darRveva ar warmoadgens gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZvels. garkveuli pirobebis arsebobisas aragansjadi sasamarTlo
SeiZleba gansjadi gaxdes Tu arsebobs amis Taobaze
mxareTa SeTanxmeba, an Tu mopasuxe winaaRmdegi araa,
rom saqme ganixilos aragansjadma sasamarTlom (21-e
muxli). gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom zemdgomi instanciis sasamarTlos SeuZlia Seamowmos gansjadoba
ara Tavisi iniciativiT, aramed mxaris TxovniT da im
pirobiT, Tu gansjadobis Semowmebis sakiTxi jer kidev pirvel instanciaSi saqmis ganxilvisas iyo mopasuxis mier dayenebuli (377-e muxli).
v) qmeduunarod iTvleba piri, romelic sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT aRiarebulia aseTad (322-e mux324
li). Tu sasamarTlom aseTi pirisagan miiRo sarCeli,

mas SeuZlia datovos igi ganuxilvelad, magram SeuZlia ganixilos igi da saqmeSi Caabas misi kanonieri warmomadgeneli, xolo Tu aseTi ar yavs dauniSnos mas saproceso warmomadgeneli (82-e da 275-e muxlebi).
z) mxareebs SeuZliaT saqme awarmoon sasamarTloSi
piradad an warmomadgenlis meSveobiT (93-e muxli).
_ dainteresebul pirad iTvleba is piri, romlis uflebis dasacavadac warmomadgenels Seaqvs sarCeli. gadawyvetilebas sasamarTloSi sarCelis Setanis Sesaxeb
iReben TviTon dainteresebuli pirebi (mxareebi). es maTi fundamenturi uflebaa. aqedan gamomdinare, pirs,
romelsac Seaqvs sarCeli sxva piris uflebis dasacavad (warmomadgeneli) saTanadod, e. i. kanonis moTxovnaTa dacviT unda hqondes gaformebuli specialuri
uflebamosileba amisaTvis (ix. 98-e muxlis komentari).
_ erTmaneTisagan unda ganvasxvavoT `piri, romelsac ar aqvs uflebamosileba sxva piris uflebis dasacavad sarCelis aRZvraze da arasaTanado mxare, kerZod, arasaTanado mosarCele. arasaTanado mosarCele _ es iseTi piria, romelic mimarTavs sasamarTlos
sarCeliT Tavisi uflebis dasacavad, Tumca ufleba, romlis dacvasac igi moiTxovs, sinamdvileSi ekuTvnis ara mas, aramed sxvas. es is SemTxvevaa, romelsac
SeiZleba vuwodoT Secdoma uflebaSi. rac Seexeba
arauflebamosil pirs _ es iseTi piria, romelic aRZravs sarCels ara Tavisi, aramed sxva piris uflebis
dasacavad. kanons es savsebiT dasaSvebad miaCnia, magram moiTxovs aseTi uflebamosilebis saTanadod gaformebas (98-e muxli).
T) sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac
mosarCele ar Seavsebs sasamarTlos mier miTiTebul
xarvezs daniSnul vadaSi (ix. 185-e muxlis komentari).
2. am muxlis pirvel nawilSi CamoTvlili sarCelis
uflebis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi wanamZRvrebis arsebobis Tu ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi mosamarTles gamo325
aqvs ganCineba sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.

Tu sarCelis miRebaze uari eTqva am muxlis à~, `b~ da
`d~ punqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebiT, maSin
mosarCeles ar SeuZlia kvlav mimarTos sasamarTlos
igive sarCeliT. uaris Tqma sarCelis miRebaze am muxliT gaTvalisiwinebuli nebismieri sxva safuZvliT
xels ar uSlis mosarCeles kvlav mimarTos sasamarTlos igive sarCeliT, Tu isini acilebuli iqneba.
_ sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana (187-e muxli).
_ Tu sasamarTlom SecdomiT miiRo sarCeli, romelic ar unda mieRo da sarCelis uflebis wanamZRvrebis arseboba-ararseboba gamovlinda mas Semdeg, roca
sarCeli warmoebaSi iqna miRebuli, kanoni TviTon gansazRvravs am Secdomis gamosworebis saSualebebs: imis
mixedviT, Tu romeli winamZRvari arsebobs, mosamarTle gamoitans ganCinebas saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis
Sesaxeb, an sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb
(ix. 187-e muxlis komentari).
sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi mosarCeles ubrundeba mis mier Setanili saxelmwifo baJi.
muxli 187. ganCineba sarCelis

miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb
1. sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb
mosamarTle gamoitans dasabuTebul ganCinebas. Tu sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqma
motivirebulia imiT, rom es sarCeli am
sasamarTlos gansjadi ar aris, mosamarTle valdebulia miuTiTos Tavis ganCinebaSi, Tu romel sasamarTlos mimarTos mosarCelem. ganCinebaSi unda mieTiTos agreTve, Tu rogor unda iqnes acilebuli
saqmis aRZvris damabrkolebeli garemoebani.
326
mosamarTlis ganCineba Cabardeba mosarCeles, romelsac imavdroulad ubrundeba

mis mier Setanili sabuTebi. Tu sarCelis
miRebaze uaris Tqmis safuZvlebi gamovlindeba am sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis
Semdeg, maSin imis mixedviT, Tu rogoria es
safuZveli, sasamarTlo Sewyvets saqmis
warmoebas an sarCels ganuxilvelad datovebs (am kodeqsis 272-e da 275-e muxlebi).
ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.
sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqma niSnavs uflebis dacvaze da saerTod, marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebaze uaris Tqmas. aseT SemTxvevaSi piri rCeba samarTlebrivi dacvis miRma. cxadia, rom sarCelis miRebaze
uaris Tqmas sasamarTlo gansakuTrebuli sifrTxiliT
unda moekidos.
1. SemTxveviTi araa is, rom am muxlis pirveli nawili
moiTxovs sarCelze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb ganCinebis motivirebas (dasabuTebas). am ganCinebis motivireba ki SesaZlebelia 186-e muxlSi miTiTebuli sarCelis uflebis wanamZRvrebis arsebobiT an ararsebobiT, rac naTlad da zustad unda iyos Camoyalibebuli ganCinebaSi.
_ sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb ganCinebaSi imaze miTiTeba, Tu rogor iqnes acilebuli is winamZRvrebi, ris gamoc aseTi ganCineba iqna gamotanili, am
muxlis kategoriuli moTxovnaa, Tumca zogjer es SeuZlebelia. magaliTad, Tu ganCineba sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb motivirebulia imiT, rom es sarCeli ar eqvemdebareba sasamarTlos uwyebrivad, an kidev, arsebobs am sarCelze gamotanili gadawyvetileba imave mxareebs Soris, maSin wanamZRvrebis Tavidan
acileba SeuZlebelia. magram, Tu ganCineba motivirebulia imiT, rom sarCeli Seitana arauflebamosilma
pirma, an araqmedunarianma pirma da a. S. maSin sasamar327
Tlom unda miuTiTos, rom uflebamosilebis saTanadod gaformebis Semdeg warmomadgenels kvlav SeuZlia Seitanos igive sarCeli, an kidev, qmeduunaros kanonier warmomadgenels, an TviTon mas, Tu sasamarTlos mier is qmedunarianad iqneba kvlav aRiarebuli
(327-e muxli).
2. ganCineba sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb
mosarCeles unda Cabardes 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.
_ mas ubrundeba agreTve sabuTebi, romlebic Tan
erTvoda sarCels, magram ara sasarCelo gancxadeba,
romelic ganCinebasTan erTad rCeba saqmeSi. gamonakliss am mxriv warmoadgens sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebaze uarisTqma xarvezis Seuvseblobis gamo. aseT
SemTxvevaSi mosarCeles ubrundeba sarCelic (ix. 185e muxli). masve ubrundeba mis mier Setanili saxelmwifo baJic. mniSvnelovania aqve aRiniSnos, rom Tu
sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis safuZvlebi gamovlindeba am sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis Semdeg, maSin imis
mixedviT, Tu rogoria es safuZveli, sasamarTlo Sewyvets saqmis warmoebas an sarCels ganuxilvelad datovebs (ix. am kodeqsis 272-e da 275-e muxlebi.)
3. am ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana da ganxilva
xdeba 414-420-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.
328
T a v i XXII
Segebebuli sarGeli
muxli 188. Segebebuli sarCelis
aRZvra
1. mopasuxes ufleba aqvs misTvis sarCelis aslis Cabarebis dRidan saqmis zepiri
ganxilvisaTvis winaswari momzadebis damTavrebamde aRZras mosarCelis mimarT Segebebuli sarCeli pirvandel sarCelTan erTad gansaxilvelad.
2. am vadis gaSvebis Semdeg mopasuxes
SeuZlia aRZras Segebebuli sarCeli sasamarTlo paeqrobis dawyebamde, Tu saqmis
zepiri ganxilvisaTvis winaswari momzadebis damTavrebamde Segebebuli sarCelis
wardgena ver moxda sapatio mizeziT. sapatio mizezad CaiTvleba am kodeqsis 215-e
muxlis me-3 nawilSi miTiTebuli garemoebebi.
Segebuli sarCeli SesagebelTan (SepasuxebasTan)
erTad mopasuxis sarCelisagan Tavdacvis erT-erTi saSualebaa. Segebebuli sarCeli gansxvavdeba Sesageblisagan: mopasuxis Sesagebeli (Sepasuxeba) yovelTvis mimarTulia sarCelis faqtobrivi an iuridiuli dasabuTebulobis gaqarwylebisaken. Segebebuli sarCelic
zogjer igive mizansac SeiZleba isaxavdes, magram zogjer piriqiT, igi pirdapir Tu arapirdapir ZiriTadi
sarCelis aRiarebasac niSnavs. magaliTad, rodesac Segebebuli sarCeli mimarTulia ZiriTadi sasarCelo
moTxovnis CasaTvlelad, mopasuxe ar uaryofs am moTxovnis dasabuTebulobas; misi mizania mxolod is, rom
sasamarTlom es Segebebuli moTxovna CauTvalos mosarCeles mis ZiriTad moTxovnaSi. garda amisa, Segebe329
buli sarCeliT mopasuxe ara marto icavs Tavs ZiriTadi sarCelisagan, aramed imavdroulad icavs Tavis pirad uflebasac.
praqtikaSi arc ise iSviaTia SemTxveva, roca yovelgvari dasabuTebis gareSe gadawyvetilebiT uari eTqva mopasuxes Segebebuli sarCelis dakmayofilebaze,
sakasacio sasamarTlom araerTgzis miuTiTa, rom sasamarTlom unda imsjelos am sarCelebis safuZvlianobis Sesaxeb da gamoitanos maT mimarT motivirebuli
gadawyvetileba. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi es iqneba ssk
394-e muxlis è~ qvepunqtis safuZvelze misi gauqmebis absoluturi safuZveli.23
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs vadas,
romlis ganmavlobaSic mopasuxes SeuZlia aRZras Segebebuli sarCeli. es vada emTxveva saqmis momzadebis
damTavrebis vadas.
_ saqmis momzadeba damTavrebulad iTvleba im momentidan, roca mosamarTle gamoitans ganCinebas saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis daniSvnis Sesaxeb (207e muxli).
2. am ganCinebis gamotanis Semdeg mopasuxes SeuZlia aRZras Segebebuli sarCeli sasamarTlo paeqrobis dawyebamde, Tu daamtkicebs, rom Tavis droze (ix.
am muxlis pirveli nawili) igi ver aRiZra sapatio mizeziT. mizezis sapatioba, amrigad, aris ara Segebebuli sarCelis miRebis (189-e muxli), aramed misi aRZvris winapiroba. aris Tu ara Segebebuli sarCelis droulad aRuZvrelobis mizezi sapatio _ gadawyvets sasamarTlo. (ix. 215-e muxlis me-3 nawilis komentari).
paeqrobis dawyebis Semdeg Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvra dauSvebelia.
23
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze,2001,#6,gv. 564.
330
muxli 189. Segebebuli sarCelis

miRebis pirobebi
1. Segebebuli sarCelis wardgena SeiZleba sarCelis wardgenis Sesaxeb arsebuli
wesebis dacviT.
2. miiRebs Segebebul sarCels, Tu:
a) Segebebuli sarCelis moTxovna mimarTulia pirvandeli moTxovnis CasaTvlelad;
b) Segebebuli sarCelis dakmayofileba
mTlianad an nawilobriv gamoricxavs pirvandeli sarCelis dakmayofilebis SesaZleblobas;
g) Segebebul sarCelsa da pirvandel sarCels Soris aris urTierTkavSiri da maTi
erTad ganxilvis Sedegad aRZruli dava
ufro swrafad da sworad gadawydeba.
3. pirvandeli da Segebebuli sarCelis
erTad ganxilvis Sedegad sasamarTlos gamoaqvs erToblivi gadawyvetileba, garda
245-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswnebuli SemTxvevebisa.
1. Segebebuli sarCeli _ Cveulebrivi sarCelia. Segebebuli mas imitom ewodeba, rom igi aRiZvris sxva ZiriTadi (Tavdapirveli) sarCelis gamo, Tumca rom ara
es ZiriTadi sarCeli, igi SeiZleba aRZruliyo rogorc
damoukidebeli da ZiriTadi sarCeli.
_ amitom, Segebebul sarCels waeyeneba igive moTxovnebi, rac nebismier sxva sarCels. kerZod, misi Sinaarsi unda Seesabamebodes 178-e da 179-e muxlis moTxovnebs, agreTve unda pasuxobdes 186-e muxlis moTxovnebs, garda am muxlis è~ qvepunqtSi miTiTebuli
pirobisa gansjadobis Sesaxeb, radgan Segebebuli sarCeli SeiZleba aRiZras im sasamarTloSi, romelic ixilavs Tavdapirvel sarCels.
2. garda sarCelis dasaSvebobisa da sarCelis miRe331
bis saerTo pirobebisa, Segebebuli sarCeli unda pasuxobdes am muxlis me-2 nawilSi miTiTebul specialur (damatebiT) pirobebs. es pirobebia:
a) Segebebuli sarCelis moTxovna mimarTulia pirvandeli sasarCelo moTxovnis CasaTvlelad.
_ magaliTad, aRZrulia sarCeli zaralis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb 1000 laris odenobiT. mopasuxem aRZra
Segebebuli sarCeli da moiTxova mosarCelisagan 800
laris gadaxdevineba, rac mas sesxis saxiT hqonda gacemuli mosarCelisaTvis. amasTan erTad, mopasuxem
sTxova sasamarTlos CauTvalos aRniSnuli 800 lari
zaralis anazRaurebaSi da daakisros mas 200 laris mosarCelis sasargeblod gadaxda.
valdebulebis Sewyveta CaTvliT gaTvaliswinebulia samoqalaqo kodeqsis 442-e muxliT.24
b) Segebebuli sarCelis dakmayofileba mTlianad an
nawilobriv gamoricxavs pirvandeli sarCelis dakmayofilebis SesaZleblobas. magaliTad, aRZrulia sarCeli binis damqiraveblis binidan gamosaxlebis Sesaxeb, im motiviT, rom igi uars ambobs gadaixados qira.
mopasuxem aRZra Segebebuli sarCeli, raTa igi cnon sadavo binis mesakuTred (an TanamesakuTred). cxadia,
rom Tu Segebebuli sarCeli dakmayofildeba da mopasuxe cnobili iqneba binis mesakuTred, maSin gamoiricxeba pirvandeli sarCelis dakmayofileba.
g) Segebebul da pirvandel sarCelebs Soris aris
urTierTkavSiri.
_ magaliTad, nivTis mimbarebelma aRZra sarCeli am
nivTis Semnaxvelis mimarT Sesanaxad mibarebuli nivTis ukan dabrunebis Sesaxeb. Semnaxvelma Tavis mxriv
aRZra Segebebuli sarCeli SenaxvisaTvis gaweuli xarjebis 1000 laris odenobiT nivTis mimbarebelze dakisrebis Sesaxeb (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 776-e muxli). aq
urTierTkavSiri pirvandel sarCelsa da Segebebuli
sarCels Soris aSkaraa.
24
ix. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni mesame,

Tb.,2001,gv.544
332
_ sasamarTlos ganCinebaze Segebebuli sarCelis

umoZraod datovebis Sesaxeb, an kidev, ganCinebaze Segebebuli sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb SeiZleba Setanil iqnes kerZo saCivari.
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac aRniSnuli ganCinebebi gamotanilia dagvianebiT aRZruli Segebebuli sarCelebis mimarT (magaliTad, saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis dros) _ es ver gaxdeba saqmis ganxilvis, anu sasamarTlos mTavari sxdomis gadadebis sababi. sasamarTlom unda gaagrZelos saqmis ganxilva da gamoitanos
gadawyvetileba, xolo Tu Semotanili iyo kerZo saCivari, igi SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes gasaCivrebul sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebasTan erTad.
sasamarTloebma ar unda dauSvan, rom Segebebuli sarCelebi gamoyenebul iqnes saqmis ganxilvis
gaWianurebis mizniT.
_ rac Seexeba saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, e. i. droulad aRZrul Segebebul sarCelebze gamotanil ganCinebebze Semotanil kerZo saCivrebs, isini ganxilul
unda iqnes kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (414-420-e muxlebi).
3. Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvris erT-erTi mTavari
mizania maTi erTad ganxilva da erToblivad gadawyveta. magram SeiZleba ise moxdes, rom, yvelaferi garkveulia erT-erTis mimarT, magram araa garkveuli meoris mimarT. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos SeuZlia
gamoitanos ara erToblivi, aramed gadawyvetileba erT-erTis mimarT romelic mzadaa gadawyvetilebis gamosatanad (245-e muxli), ris Sesaxebac man unda
miuTiTos Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi. erT-erT saqmeze sakasacio sasamarTlom gaauqma gadawyvetileba im motiviT, rom `sasamarTlom miiRo gadawyvetileba mxolod
ZiriTadi sarCelis mimarT da araferi Tqva Segebebul
sarCelze, riTac daarRvia ssk 189-e muxli~.25
25
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2001, #6, gv.564.
333
muxli 190. saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba

Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvris gamo
1. Tu Segebebuli sarCeli aRZruli da
miRebulia saqmis winaswari momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg, mosarCelis TxovniT an
sasamarTlos iniciativiT SeiZleba am saqmis ganxilvis sxva droisaTvis gadadeba.
2. saqmis ganxilvis gadadebiT gamowveuli
xarjebi daekisreba mopasuxes, romelmac dagvianebiT aRZra Segebebuli sarCeli.
1. Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvra dasaSvebia saqmis winaswari momzadebis damTavrebamde, e. i, saqmis mTavar
sxdomaze daniSvnis Sesaxeb ganCinebis gamotanamde. am
vadis gasvlis Semdeg Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvra dasaSvebia mxolod im pirobiT Tu es vada sapatio mizeziT iyo gaSvebuli (188-e muxli). Tu am moTxovnaTa
gaTvaliswinebiT sasamarTlom miiRo Segebebuli sarCeli saqmis momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg, e. i. mas
Semdeg, roca miRebulia ganCineba saqmis mTavar sxdomaze daniSvnis Sesaxeb, an saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis dros, sasamarTlom SeiZleba gadados am saqmis
ganxilva sxva droisaTvis. gadadeba SeiZleba moxdes
im motiviT, rom saWiroa Segebebuli sarCelis gansaxilvelad momzadeba, magram Tu Tavdapirveli mosarCele ar moiTxovs gadadebas da arc sasamarTlos miaCnia aucileblad _ saqmis ganxilva SeiZleba ar gadaidos.
2. saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba SeiZleba dakavSirebuli iyos garkveul xarjebTan, romlebic gamowveulia
mowmeTa ganmeorebiT gamoZaxebiT, axali mowmeebis
mowveviT, axali mtkicebulebebis gamoTxoviT, Tarjimnis ganmeorebiT mowveviT da a. S.
yvela am xarjis dafarvis movaleoba daekisreba mopasuxes, mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu man dagvianebiT
aRZra Segebebuli sarCeli.
334
T a v i
XXIII
sarGelis uzrunvelyofa
muxli 191. gancxadeba sarCelis
uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb
1. mosarCeles SeuZlia mimarTos sasamarTlos sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gancxadebiT, romelic unda Seicavdes miTiTebas
im garemoebebze, romelTa gamoc uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebaTa miuRebloba gaaZnelebs
an SeuZlebels gaxdis gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebas da Sesabamis dasabuTebas, Tu
uzrunvelyofis romeli RonisZiebis gatareba
miaCnia mosarCeles aucileblad. Tu sasamarTlos gauCndeba dasabuTebuli varaudi,
rom uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebaTa miuRebloba
gaaZnelebs an SeuZlebels gaxdis gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebas, mas gamoaqvs ganCineba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb.
2. gancxadebas, romliTac piri iTxovs
uZrav qonebaze yadaRis dadebas, unda daerTos cnoba sajaro reestridan an Sesabamisi dokumenti, romliTac dasturdeba uZrav
qonebaze mopasuxis sakuTrebis ufleba.
3. Tu sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb
gancxadebas ar axlavs am muxlis me-2
nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli cnoba sajaro
reestridan an Sesabamisi dokumenti, anda
saxelmwifo baJi ar aris gadaxdili, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba xarvezis Taobaze da ganmcxadebels aZlevs vadas mis Sesavsebad. daniSnul vadaSi xarvezis Seuvseblobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo Tavisi ganCinebiT gancxadebas ganuxilvelad datovebs,
rac gasaCivrdeba saCivriT.
335
1. sarCelis uzrunvelyofa esaa gadawyvetilebis

realurad aRsrulebisaTvis mosalodneli dabrkolebis Tavidan acileba, mopasuxis mier Tavisi qonebis an
fuladi saxsrebis gankargvis uflebis SezRudvis
gziT.
sarCelis uzrunvelyofa sasamarTlos iniciativiT dauSvebelia. gancxadeba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb SeiZleba Seitanos ara marto mosarCelem,
aramed mesame pirma damoukidebeli moTxovniT, agreTve mopasuxem , Tu man aRZra Segebebuli sarCeli
da moiTxovs mis uzrunvelyofas.
gancxadeba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb, garda yvela sxva saxis gancxadebisaTvis saWiro rekvizitebisa, unda Seicavdes miTiTebas: a) im faqtobriv garemoebebze, romelTa gamo uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebebis miuRebloba gaarTulebs an SeuZlebels gaxdis
gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebas; b) miTiTebas mowinaaRmdege mxaris im qonebaze an fulad saxsrebze (angariSebze bankSi da sxva), romelTa mimarT unda moxdes
uzrunvelyofa ; g) miTiTebas uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebebze, romlis gatarebac ganmcxadebels miaCnia
aucileblad.
sakiTxs imis Sesaxeb, Tu sarCelis uzrunvelyofis romeli RonisZieba unda iqnes gamoyenebuli,
wyvets sasamarTlo mosarCelis gancxadebis Sesabamisad (ix. 198-e muxlis pirveli nawili). aqedan gamomdinare, mosamarTlem unda ganixilos mxolod
mosarCelis mier miTiTebuli uzrunvelyofis
RonisZiebis gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba. Tu aseTi
ganxilvis Sedegad aRmoCndeba, rom es RonisZieba
ver uzrunvelyofs gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebas,
gancxadeba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ar
kmayofildeba.
2. sarCelis uzrunvelyofa SeiZleba gatardes im
qonebaze, romelic ekuTvnis mopasuxes. am muxlis me-2
nawili gansazRvravs mtkicebulebebs, romelTa meSveobiT SeiZleba mopasuxis sakuTrebis uflebis dadas336
tureba mxolod mis uZrav qonebaze. mopasuxis sxva

qonebaze sakuTrebis uflebis dadasturebisaTvis
mtkicebulebaTa saxeebi winaswar gansazRvruli araa,
rac imas niSnavs, rom SeiZleba nebismieri mtkicebulebis gamoyeneba.
sasamarTloebma mxedvelobaSi unda miiRon is garemoeba, rom uZrav nivTebze uflebaTa registraciis
Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis me-10 muxlis me-4 nawilis Tanaxmad amonaweri sajaro reestridan ZalaSia
gacemis momentidan 10 kalendaruli dRis vadaSi. am
vadiT unda ganisazRvros sajaro reestris mier gacemuli cnobis Zalac, Tu aseTi cnoba iyo warmodgenili.
3. am muxlis me-3 nawili moiTxovs, rom Tu sakiTxi
exeba mopasuxis uZrav qonebaze uzrunvelyofis
RonisZiebis gatarebas, maSin gancxadebas aucileblad
unda daerTos am muxlis me-2 nawilSi miTiTebuli mtkicebulebebi, Tu es mtkicebulebebi ar erTvis gancxadebas, an Tu saxelmwifo baJi araa gadaxdili, sasamarTlo uniSnavs vadas ganmcxadebels Seavsos
xarvezi, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi gancxadebas ganuxilvelad datovebs.
SeiZleba wamoiWras sakiTxi ra saxelmwifo baJi igulisxmeba aq: saxelmwifo baJi, romelsac mosarCele
ixdis winaswar sarCelis ganxilvisaTvis (38-e muxlis
a qvepunqti), Tu damatebiT kidev gancxadebisaTvis
sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb.
SeiZleboda gvefiqra da ufro swori iqneboda
Tu praqtika am gziT wavidoda, rom aq mxedvelobaSia jer ar aRZruli sarCelis uzrunvelyofaze baJis gadaxda (192-e muxli), romlis odenoba Seadgens 50 lars (39-e muxlis e qvepunqti). saqme isaa,
rom Tu sarCeli aRZrulia da warmoebaSia miRebuli, amisaTvis mosarCele winaswar ixdis baJs. am
sarCelis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT calkeuli
saproceso moqmedebebis SesrulebisaTvis, maT
Soris sarCelis uzrunvelyofisaTvis, mosarCele
baJs aRar unda ixdides.
337
191-e muxlis me-3 nawilSi, agreTve momdevno muxlebSi miTiTebulia sasamarTlo ganCinebaTa saCivriT gasaCivrebaze, an saCivris Setanaze. ra
aris es saCivris axali saxe Tu igive kerZo saCivari?
amis Sesaxeb ixileT 197-e da 1971 muxlebis komentari.
muxli 192. gancxadeba sarCelis

sasamarTloSi sarCelis aRZvramde
1. gancxadeba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis
Sesaxeb gadaudebel SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba
Setanil iqnes sasamarTloSi sarCelis aRZvramde.
2. am muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli gancxadebis sasamarTlos mier
dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo sarCelis SetanisaTvis daniSnavs gonivrul
vadas, magram aranakleb 5 da ara umetes
10 dRisa ganCinebis mxarisTvis Cabarebis
momentidan. Tu sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb
gancxadebis Semtani piri ar aRZravs sarCels, sasamarTlo Tavisi iniciativiT an
mowinaaRmdege mxaris Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze gamoitans ganCinebas sarCelis uzrunvelsayofad mis mier miRebuli RonisZiebebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb.
1. jer ar aRZruli sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gancxadeba SeiZleba Setanil iqnes sasamarTloSi
mxolod `gadaudebel SemTxvevaSi~.
_ gadaudebeli SemTxveva SeiZleba sxvadasxva garemoebiT iyos gamowveuli (qonebis mosalodneli gayidva, gaCuqeba, xSirad fiqtiuri gasxviseba, gadamalva da a. S.), magram ra garemoebiTac ar unda iyos gamow-
338
veuli, ganmcxadebelma unda daamtkicos jer ar aRZruli sarCelis uzrunvelyofis gadaudebloba.

2. jer araRZruli sarCelis uzrunvelyofisas Tavisi iniciativiT sasamarTlo daniSnavs gonivrul vadas,
romlis ganmavlobaSic, Tu ganmcxadebeli ar aRZravs
sarCels, gamotanili iqneba ganCineba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb.
aRsaniSnavia, rom gonivruli vadis farglebi gansazRvra TviTon kanonmdebelma (aranakleb 5 da araumetes 10 dRisa). sasamarTlos SeuZlia am farglebSi
gansazRvros im sarCelis Setanis vada, romelic mis
aRZvramde iyo uzrunvelyofili.
_ ganCinebaSi jer araRZruli sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb unda aRiniSnos ara marto imis Sesaxeb,
rom uzrunvelyofis RonisZieba gauqmdeba, Tu am ganCinebiT daniSnul vadaSi sarCeli ar iqneba aRZruli,
aramed imis Sesaxebac, rom ganmcxadebels daevaleba
im zaralis anazRaureba, rac miadga mowinaaRmdege mxares uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebebis gatarebiT (199-e
muxli 193. gancxadebis ganxilvis wesi

gancxadebas sarCelis uzrunvelyofis
Sesaxeb gadawyvets am sarCelis ganmxilveli sasamarTlo gancxadebis Setanidan erTi
dRis vadaSi, mopasuxisTvis Seutyobineblad.
sarCelis uzrunvelyofa, SeiZleba iTqvas, swrafi
(daCqarebuli) procesia. mosamarTles, mowinaaRmdege
mxaris mowvevisa da monawileobis gareSe gamoaqvs ganCineba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb. aseve swrafad da dauyovnebliv, e. i. misi gamotanisTanave ganCineba, Tu am ganCinebiT dadginda sarCelis uzrunvelyofa, unda Cabardes (gaegzavnos) mowinaaRmdege mxares, raTa man SeZlos gaasaCivros igi, an moiTxovos sxva
saproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba.
339
muxli 194. ganCineba sarCelis

1. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelic unda
upasuxebdes ganCinebisaTvis 285-e muxliT
gaTvaliswinebul moTxovnebs da romelSic
unda mieTiTos, uzrunvelyofis romeli
konkretuli RonisZieba SearCia sasamarTlom.
2. sarCelis uzrunvelsayofad gamotanil ganCinebaze mopasuxes SeuZlia Seitanos saCivari, romelic unda Seicavdes:
a) sarCelis uzrunvelsayofad gamotanili ganCinebis zust dasaxelebas;
b) miTiTebas, Tu ra zomiT unda gauqmdes
an Seicvalos ganCineba uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb;
g) garemoebebs, romelTa gamoc unda gauqmdes an Seicvalos ganCineba uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb.
3. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganCinebis gasaCivrebis vada Seadgens xuT dRes. am vadis gagrZeleba ar
SeiZleba da misi dena iwyeba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCinebis mopasuxisaTvis gadacemis momentidan.
4. saCivris Setana ver SeaCerebs uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCinebis aRsrulebas,
magram sasamarTlos SeuZlia garkveuli droiT SeaCeros aRsruleba an gaauqmos uzrunvelyofisaTvis ukve miRebuli RonisZiebebi.
5. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gancxadebis daukmayofileblobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba sarCelis uzrunvelyofaze uaris Tqmis Taobaze. sasamarTlosTvis imave saganze da imave safuZvliT
340
xelmeored mimarTvis SemTxvevaSi miiReba

ganCineba gancxadebis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb, rac gasaCivrdeba saCivriT.
1. garda saerTo monacemebisa, romlebsac unda Seicavdes ganCineba (285-e muxli), ganCineba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb unda Seicavdes: a) uzrunvelyofis romeli konkretuli RonisZieba gaatara sasamarTlom (198-e muxli); b) im qonebis adgilmdebareobas da
individualur niSnebs, romelTa mimarTac gatarda
RonisZieba; g) TiToeuli nivTis srul da zust saxelwodebas, maT wonas, parametrebs da a. S.
_ ganCinebis sarezolucio nawili unda Seicavdes
miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, rom igi dauyonebliv unda aRsruldes, agreTve gasaCivrebis vadas (195-e muxli).
2. saCivari uzrunvelyofis Taobaze sasamarTlo ganCinebis gauqmebis Tu Secvlis Sesaxeb, garda yvela aseTi saCivris saerTo rekvizitebisa, unda Seicavdes im
garemoebebze miTiTebas, romelTa safuZvelzec unda
gauqmdes an Seicvalos ganCineba. am garemoebaTa damtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba momCivans.
3. vinaidan, sarCelis uzrunvelyofis mizniT saqmis warmoeba daCqarebuli warmoebaa (193-e muxli), am
muxlis me-3 nawilic iTvaliswinebs saCivris Setanis
Semoklebul xuTdRian vadas, maSin rodesac kerZo saCivris Setanis saerTo vadaa 12 dRe (416-e muxli). es
vada iwyeba ganCinebis gamocxadebis momentidan, Tu
eswreboda mowinaaRmdege mxare, an im droidan, roca
mopasuxes (mowinaaRmdege mxares) Cabarda ganCineba 7078-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.
4. saCivris Setana avtomaturad ar aCerebs uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gatarebas. sasamarTlos momCivanis gancxadebiT SeuZlia gamoitanos ganCineba uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gauqmebis an misi gatarebis
SeCerebis Sesaxeb. Tavis mxriv am ganCinebazec SeiZleba saCivris Setana (197-e muxli).
uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gauqmebis (moxsnis) Se341
saxeb ganCineba sasamarTlom mxareTa TxovniT an Tavisi iniciativiT unda gadaugzavnos Sesabamis maregistrirebel organoebs im SezRudvebis moxsnis mizniT,
rac uzrunvelyofis gauqmebuli RonisZiebiT iyo gaTvaliswinebuli.
5. sarCelis uzrunvelyofaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb
sasamarTlos ganCinebis gamotanis Semdeg mxares ufleba ar aqvs kvlav mimarTos sasamarTlos imave saganze da
imave safuZvliT, xolo Tu mimarTavs sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas gancxadebis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb, romelzec SeiZleba saCivris Setana.
muxli 195. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis

Sesaxeb ganCinebis aRsruleba
sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebis aRsruleba dauyovnebliv xorcieldeba, sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebisaTvis dadgenili wesiT.
_ ganCineba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb marTalia dauyovnebliv unda aRsruldes, magram es imas
ar niSnavs, rom igi dauyovnebliv Sedis kanonier ZalaSi. miuxedavad am ganCinebiT gaTvaliswinebuli uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebebisa, misi gasaCivreba SeiZleba 5
dReSi mopasuxisaTvis am ganCinebis gadacemis dRidan,
rogorc es gaTvaliswinebulia 194-e muxlis me-3 nawiliT (ix. am muxlis komentari).
_ radgan uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCinebis aRsruleba warmoebs gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebisaTvis dadgenili wesiT, sasamarTlom unda gasces saaRsrulebo
furceli misi gamotanisTanave. saaRsrulebo furceli ganCinebasTan erTad gadaecema mxares saaRsrulebo biuroSi warsadgenad.
342

erTi saxis Secvla meoriT
1. mxareTa TxovniT dasaSvebia sarCelis
uzrunvelyofis erTi saxis meoriT Secvla.
2. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis erTi saxis
meoriT Secvlis sakiTxis ganxilva dasaSvebia saqmis yvela stadiaze, ris Sesaxebac
ecnobebaT mxareebs, magram maTi gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs am sakiTxis gadawyvetas.
3. fuladi Tanxebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb sarCelis uzrunvelyofisas mopasuxes
SeuZlia miRebul uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebaTa nacvlad mosarCelis mier moTxovnili Tanxa Seitanos sasamarTlos sadepozito angariSze.
1. gancxadebiT sarCelis uzrunvelyofis erTi saxis meoreTi Secvlis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos SeuZlia mimarTos rogorc mosarCelem, ise mopasuxem. magaliTad,
sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebad sasamarTlom
gamoiyena yadaRa. dainteresebulma mxarem moiTxova
misi Secvla garkveuli moqmedebis Sesrulebis akrZalviT (magaliTad, binis gaqiravebis) am binaSi saremonto samuSaoebis Catarebis akrZalva da a. S.).
2. gancxadeba uzrunvelyofis erTi saxis meoreTi Secvlis Sesaxeb dasaSvebia procesis nebismier stadiaze,
magram es srulebiTac ar niSnavs imas, rom es wesi gamoyenebul iqnes saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebis mizniT. amitom, sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos gansaxilvelad aseTi
gancxadebebi, Tu isini sapatio mizezis gareSe ar iyo aRZruli saqmis momzadebis stadiaze (215-e muxli).
3. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mopasuxe mxare Seitans
sasamarTlos sadepozito angariSze Tanxas im odenobiT, ra odenobiTac aRZrulia sarCeli (an jer araRZ-
343
ruli sarCeli), sasamarTlom unda Secvalos uzrunvelyofis mis mier miRebuli RonisZieba.

Sesaxeb ganCinebis gasaCivreba
1. sarCelis uzrunvelyofaze uaris Tqmis, sarCelis uzrunvelyfois gauqmebis an
sarCelis uzrunvelyofis erTi saxis meoriT Secvlis Sesaxeb gamotanil ganCinebaze
SeiZleba saCivris Setana. ganCinebis gasaCivrebis vada Seadgens xuT dRes. am vadis
gagrZeleba ar SeiZleba da misi dena iwyeba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCinebis mxarisTvis gadacemis momentidan.
2. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis gauqmebis an
sarCelis uzrunvelyofis erTi saxis meoriT Secvlis Sesaxeb gamotanil ganCinebaze
saCivris Setana SeaCerebs am ganCinebis
aRsrulebas.
1. 197-e muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs im ganCinebaTa wres, romlebzec SeiZleba saCivris Setana,
vadas romlis ganmavlobaSiac SeiZleba am saCivris Setana da moments, saidanac iwyeba gasaCivrebis vada. gasaCivrebis vada am muxlis Tanaxmad iwyeba im momentidan,
rodesac mxares gadaeca ganCineba sarCelis uzrunvelyofaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, ganCineba sarCelis
uzrunvelyofis gauqmebis an ganCineba sarCelis
uzrunvelyofis erTi saxis meoriT Secvlis Sesaxeb.
marTalia 197-e muxlSi amis Sesaxeb araa miTiTebuli, magram rogorc es dadgenilia sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa gasaCivrebisa (369-e muxlis me-2 nawili)
da kerZo saCivris Setanis vadebis mimarT (416-e muxli), Tu zemoT miTiTebuli ganCinebebis gamocxadebas
eswreboda gasaCivrebis uflebis mqone piri, maSin maTi
gasaCivrebis vada (da ara am vadis dena ix. me-60 muxli)
iwyeba am ganCinebebis gamocxadebis dRidan.
344
2. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCinebis gasaCivreba avtomaturad ver SeaCerebs am ganCinebis aRsrulebas (194-e muxlis me-4 nawili), magram sarCelis
uzrunvelyofis gauqmebis an erTi saxis meoriT Secvlis Sesaxeb ganCinebaze saCivris Setana avtomaturad
SeaCerebs am ganCinebis aRsrulebas, ris Sesaxebac sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba (ganCineba sarCelis
uzrunvelyofis gauqmebis (Secvlis) Taobaze gamotanili ganCinebis aRsrulebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb), rac
dauyonebliv unda ecnobos saaRsrulebo oganoebs,
Tu isini ukve Seudgnen gauqmebuli (Secvlili) ganCinebis aRsrulebas. es imas niSnavs, rom ganCineba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis gauqmebis (Secvlis) Sesaxeb SeiZleba aRsruldes mis kanonieri ZalaSi Sesvlis an saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Semdeg.
XXIII Tavi, romelic sarCelis uzrunvelyofas
eZRvneba, kerZod 191-e muxlis me-3 nawili, 194-e muxlis me-2, me-4 da me-5 nawilebi, 197-e muxli, 1971 muxli
iTvaliswinebs Sesabamisi ganCinebebis gasaCivrebas ara
kerZo saCivriT, aramed am ganCinebebis saCivriT gasaCivrebas, saCivris Setanas da a.S.
aseTma siaxlem ar unda gamoiwvios raime praqtikuli gaugebroba: saCivars mxolod imitom ewodeboda da
ewodeba kerZo, rom sasamarTlos mier ganCinebis
formiT gamotanili dadgenileba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes
sasamarTlos mier gadawyvetilebis formiT miRebuli
dadgenilebisagan gancalkevebiT da misgan damoukideblad. sxva aranairi datvirTva sityva kerZos, romelic win uswrebs sityva saCivars (kerZo saCivari) - ar
aqvs.
magram am SemTxvevaSi gansakuTrebiT yuradsaRebi
da praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovania is, rom
sarCelis uzrunvelyofasTan dakavSirebiT miRebul
ganCinebebze Setanili saCivrebis ganxilvisaTvis
kanonmdebelma mTlianad SeinarCuna is wesi, romelic
arsebobda kerZo saCivrebis ganxilvisaTvis, xolo kerZo saCivrebis ganxilvis wesebSi Seitana cvlilebebi.
345
amJamad, kerZo saCivars veRar ganixilavs gasaCivrebuli ganCinebis gamomtani sasamarTlo da igi saqmesTan
erTad dauyonebliv unda gadaegzavnos zemdgom sasamarTlos (ix. 1971-e da 417-e muxlebis komentari).
muxli 1971. sasamarTlos mier

saCivris warmoebaSi miReba da
ganxilva, saCivrisa da saqmis
masalebis gadagzavna zemdgom
sasamarTloSi
1. sasamarTlo saCivars warmoebaSi iRebs
Sesabamisi instanciis sasamarTlosaTvis am
kodeqsiT gaTaliswinebuli wesebis Tanaxmad.
2. Tu sasamarTlo saCivars dasaSvebad
da dasabuTebulad miiCnevs, igi akmayofilebs
mas. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi saCivari saqmis
masalebTan erTad sasamarTlo ganCinebis
safuZvelze gaegzavneba zemdgom sasamarTlos ganCinebis miRebidan 5 dRis vadaSi.
3. saCivris ganxilvis vada ar unda aRematebodes misi warmoebaSi miRebidan 20 dRes.
4. zemdgomi instanciis sasamarTloSi
saCivari ganixileba am kodeqsis 419-e da
420-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesebiT.
1. am muxlSi pirveli nawili gansazRvravs sarCelis
uzrunvelyofasTan dakavSirebiT gamotanil ganCinebebze Setanili saCivris warmoebaSi miRebis wess:
Tu aseTi saCivari Sedis pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi, maSin es sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobs im wesebiT,
rac am sasamarTlosaTvis aris dadgenili, Tu saCivari
Sedis saapelacio an sakasacio instanciis sasamarTloSi, maSin es sasamarTloebi am saCivris warmoebaSi
miRebis dros xelmZRvaneloben im wesebiT, romlebic
am sasamarTloebisaTvis aris gansazRvruli.
amasTan erTad, unda aRiniSnos, rom saapelacio da
346
sakasacio instanciebSi saCivrebis warmoebaSi miRebis

pirobebi da wesebi gacilebiT ufro metsa da rTul
moTxovnebs Seicavs, vidre es moeTxoveba ganCinebebze Setanil saCivrebs. amitom, aseTi saCivrebis dasaSvebobisa da w armoebaSi miRebisas sasamarTloebma unda
Seamowmon: a) pasuxobs Tu ara saCivris Sinaarsi 194-e
muxlis me-2 nawilis moTxovnebs; b) Seitana Tu ara saCivari uflebamosilma pirma (414-e muxlis me-2 naw.)
g)daculia Tu ara saCivris Setanis vada (194-e muxlis
me-3 nawili); d) iTvaliswinebs Tu ara kanoni gasaCivrebuli ganCinebis gasaCivrebas (197-e muxli); e) gadaxdilia Tu ara saxelmwifo baJi (38-e muxlis T punqti
da 39-e muxlis d punqti).
saCivris dasaSvebobisa da warmoebaSi miRebis is
pirobebi, romlebic Seuferebeli da Seusabamoa aseTi
saCivrisaTvis, magaliTad, 391-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli kasaciis dasaSvebobis pirobebi, ar SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes saCivrebis warmoebaSi miRebisaTvis.
am muxlis me-2 nawili sityva-sityviT gadmotanili
iqna 417-e muxlidan, rasac aqvs principuli mniSvneloba, saqme isaa, rom 2006 wlis 13 ivlisamde 417-e muxliT
damkvidrebuli da Cveni Rrma rwmeniT praqtikuli
TvalsazrisiT metad moxerxebuli da mosawoni wesi
vrceldeboda yvela kerZo saCivarze. amJamad ki es wesi
SeiZleba gavrceldes mxolod sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Taobaze gamotanil ganCinebebze saCivrebis ganxilvis dros.
SeuZlebelia avxsnaT am uaRresad mniSvnelovani
praqtikuli sakiTxisadmi aseTi midgomis logika. igi
ar SeiZleba emsaxurebodes kerZo saCivrebis daCqarebulad ganxilvis interesebs.
sxva sakiTxia, rom am normatiul debulebas praqtikaSi ar an ver iyenebdnen. magram amis gamo misi erTi
adgilidan meoreSi gadatana da moqmedebis sferos
Sekveca (mxolod sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Taobaze
347
gamotanil ganCinebebze Setanil saCivrebze gavrceleba), cxadia arafers ar mogvcems.26

rogoria am debulebis arsi?
2. saCivari Setanili unda iqnes im sasamarTloSi,
romlis ganCineba@ saCivrdeba. gasaCivrebuli ganCinebis gamomtan sasamarTlos mxolod erTi uflebamosileba aqvs - daakmayofilos saCivari. magram, Tu saCivari ar daiSveba, vTqvaT imis gamo, rom igi Semotanilia vadis darRvviT an kidev, imis gamo, rom Setanilia araflebamosili piris mier da a.S. an, Tumca
dasaSvebia, magram araa dasabuTebuli - maSin sasamarTlo valdebulia gamoitanos ganCineba saCivris
saqmesTan erTad zemdgom sasamarTloSi gadagzavnis
Sesaxeb, romelSic aRniSnuli iqneba, rom sasamarTlom (mosamarTlem) ganixila es saCivari da uari uTxra
mis dakmayofilebaze dauSveblobis an dausabuTeblobis gamo.
aseTi ganCineba sakmarisia imisaTvis, rom zemdgomma sasamarTlom TviTon ganixilos rogorc am saCivris
dasaSvebobis, ise misi dasabuTebulobis sakiTxi da miiRos Tavisi saboloo gadawyvetileba.
rac Seexeba qvemdgomi sasamarTlos ganCinebas saCivris zemdgom sasamarTloSi gadagzavnis Sesaxeb, am
ganCinebis arc gauqmebisa da arc ZalaSi datovebis
aucilebloba ar arsebobs. zemdgomi sasamarTlo ixilavs mxolod saCivars, romlis dakmayofilebazec
dauSveblobis an dausabuTeblobis gamo uari Tqva
qvemdgomma sasamarTlom.
26
imis gamo, rom samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobiT

damkvidrebuli esa Tu is wesi ar gamoiyeneba praqtikaSi, dauSvebelia
am wesis gauqmeba. Tu saqmeTa ganxilvis wesebi gonivrulia, miRebul
unda iqnas zomebi, rom es wesebi dainergos.
saqarTvelos pirveli instanciis sasamarTloebSi samoqalaqo saqmeTa
ganxilvis praqtikis analizma gviCvena, rom samoqalaqo saqmeTa
ganxilvis is modeli, romelic ssk-iT aris damkvi drebuli, ver
dainerga, magram amis safuZvelze aravis ar mouTxovia am kodeqsis
gauqmeba.
ix. T.liluaSvili. samoqalaqo procesis sakiTxebi saqarTvelos
sasamarTloebis praqtikaSi. naw. I. Tb. 2002 w. gv.12
348
3. 1971-e muxlis me-3 nawili gansazRvravs saCivris

ganxilvis vadas (20 dRe). es vada iwyeba saCivris warmoebaSi miRebidan.
romeli sasamarTlo iRebs saCivars warmoebaSi?
gasaCivrebuli ganCinebis gamomtan sasamarTlos
SeuZlia miiRos ori saxis gadawyvetileba: erTi - daakmayofilos saCivari, Tu igi dasaSvebi da dasabuTebulia da meore - gadaagzavnos saCivari zemdgom sasamarTloSi, Tu igi araa dasaSvebi an dasabuTebuli. es
imas niSnavs, rom Tu saCivari araa dasaSvebi da amitom warmoebaSi misaRebi, man saCivari unda gadaagzavnos zemdgom sasamarTloSi, romelic am sakiTxze
iRebs Tavis gadawyvetilebas. amrigad, SeiZleba
davaskvnaT: saCivris warmoebaSi miRebis sakiTxs
wyvets ara gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gamomtani
sasamarTlo, aramed zemdgomi sasamarTlo. saCivris
ganxilvis 20 dRiani vadac aqedan, e.i. zemdgomi sasamarTlos mier saCivris warmoebaSi miRebis dRidan
unda daiwyos.
saCivris ganxilvis 20 dRiani vada imaze migvaniSnebs, rom gasaCivrebuli ganCinebis gamomtanma sasamarTloebma rac SeiZleba swrafad unda miiRon ganCineba am saCivris dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb an misi
zemdgom sasamarTloSi gadagzavnis Sesaxeb.
4. am muxlis me-4 nawili gansazRvravs zemdgom sasamarTlo instanciaSi saCivris ganxilvis wess. kerZod,
ganCinebas saCivris Taobaze iRebs zemdgomi sasamarTlo. es ganCineba miiReba saqmis zepiri ganxilvis
gareSe, magram sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadginos saCivris zepiri ganxilvac (ix. 419-e muxlis komentari).
zemdgomi sasamarTlos mier saCivris ganxilvis Sedegad miRebuli ganCineba ar gasaCivrdeba.
349

RonisZiebebi
1. sakiTxs imis Sesaxeb, Tu sarCelis uzrunvelyofis romeli RonisZieba unda iqnes gamoyenebuli, wyvets sasamarTlo mosarCelis gancxadebis Sesabamisad
2. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebebi SeiZleba iyos:
a) yadaRis dadeba qonebaze, fasian qaRaldebsa Tu fulad saxsrebze, romlebic mopasuxes ekuTvnis da aris masTan an sxva pirTan;
b) mopasuxisaTvis garkveuli moqmedebis
Sesrulebis akrZalva;
g) mopasuxis davaldebuleba gadasces mis
mflobelobaSi arsebuli nivTi sasamarTlo aRmasrulebels sekvestris (qonebis iZulebiTi marTva) saxiT;
d) sxva pirebisaTvis akrZalva imisa, rom
mopasuxes gadascen qoneba an Seasrulon
mis mimarT raime valdebuleba;
e) yadaRisagan qonebis gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb sarCelis aRZvris SemTxvevaSi qonebis
realizaciis SeCereba;
v) saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organos, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobisa da mmarTvelobis organos, organizaciis an Tanamdebobis piris sadavo aqtis moqmedebis SeCereba;
z) amoRebulia
T) amoRebulia
3. sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoiyenos sxva
RonisZiebebic, Tu es aucilebelia sarCelis uzrunvelyofisaTvis. aucileblobis
SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba daSvebul iqnes sarCelis uzrunvelyofis ramdenime saxe.
1. am muxlSi CamoTvlilia sarCelis uzrunvelyo350
fis RonisZiebaTa saxeebi, romelic araa amomwuravi. kanonmdebels ar SeeZlo mieTiTebina Tu romel konkretul SemTxvevaSi romeli RonisZieba unda gamoeyenebina sasamarTlos. es sakiTxi TviTon sasamarTlom unda gadawyvitos imis mixedviT, Tu rogoria sasarCelo
moTxovnis xasiaTi da Sinaarsi an TviTon mosarCelis winadadeba. (ix. 191-e muxlis pirveli nawilis komentari). magaliTad, Tu aRZrulia sarCeli nivTis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb, am sarCelis uzrunvelsayofad sasamarTlom SeiZleba gamoiyenos yadaRa, romelic SeuzRudavs mopasuxes misi gankargvis (gayidvis, gaCuqebis, gaqiravebis da a. S.) uflebamosilebas.
magram, Tu sarCeli aRZrulia raime nawarmoebis (gamogonebis) Tanaavtorad cnobis Sesaxeb, uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebad sasamarTlom SeiZleba gamoiyenos am
nawarmoebis gamoqveynebis (danergvis) akrZalva.
2. praqtikaSi yvelaze xSirad gamoiyeneben yadaRas. yadaRa _ esaa qonebis aRwera da am qonebis gankargvis (gayidvis, gaCuqebis, gaqiravebis, ijariT gacemis
da a. S.) akrZalva.
_ yadaRa SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes ara marto qonebriv, aramed araqonebriv davebSic. magaliTad, moraluri zianis anazRaurebis dros, romelic ar ganekuTvneba qonebriv davebs, mopasuxes SeiZleba daekisros fuladi Tanxis gadaxdevineba mosarCelis sasargeblod, ris uzrunvelsayofodac mis qonebas SeiZleba daedos yadaRa.
b) es qvepunqti ar Seicavs konkretul miTiTebas Tu
raSi SeiZleba gamoixatos moqmedebis akrZalva. praqtikaSi yvelaze gavrcelebulia SemTxveva, rodesac mopasuxes ekrZaleba Seasrulos, xolo Tu dawyebulia
gaagrZelos mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebuli samuSaoebi, raime produqciis gamoSveba da sxva. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis am saxis (moqmedebis akrZalvis) gamoyeneba mTlianad damokidebulia sarCelis xasiaTze, imaze Tu ras moiTxovs mosarCele.
g) sekvestri anu qonebis iZulebiTi marTva gaT351
valiswinebulia samoqalaqo kodeqsis 310-e muxliT. am

muxlis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadginos nivTis iZulebiTi marTva (sekvestri) mosarCelis gancxadebis safuZvelze.27
`saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis 79-e muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, `mmarTveli
ar SeiZleba iyos sasamarTlo aRmasrulebeli, kreditori an gadawyvetilebis gamomtani sasamarTlos wevri, an am pirebis naTesavi~.
aqedan gamomdinare, am muxlis `g~ qvepunqtis miTiTeba, rom mopasuxem gadasces mis mflobelobaSi arsebuli nivTi, `sasamarTlo aRmasrulebels sekvestris
(qonebis iZulebiTi marTvis) saxiT~ unda gavigoT ara
rogorc am qonebis samarTavad gadacema, aramed rogorc gadacema imisaTvis, rom uzrunvelyos (organizacia gaukeTos) am qonebis gadacema (Cabareba) im pirisaTvis, romelic sasamarTlom daniSna mmarTvelad.
d) Tu aRmoCndeba, rom mopasuxis qoneba imyofeba
sxva pirTan an am sxva pirs ekisreba romelime kanonieri safuZvliT (xelSekrulebiT, sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT da sxva) qonebis an fuladi Tanxebis gadacema mopasuxisaTvis, mas SeiZleba aekrZalos mopasuxis sasargeblod Sesabamisi moqmedebis Sesruleba, sanam ar gairkveva sarCelis bedi.
e) `saaRsrulebo warmoebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis 32-e muxli iTvaliswinebs yadaRisagan qonebis ganTavisuflebis Sesaxeb sarCelis aRZvris SesaZleblobas.
am sarCelis uzrunvelyofis mizniT sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadginos sadavo qonebis realizaciis SeCereba.
v) am qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli sadavo aqtis
moqmedebis SeCereba warmoebs administraciuli saproceso kodeqsis 29-30-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.28
27
28
ix. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari,

wigni meore, Tb., 1999, gv.318
ix. saqarTvelos administraciuli saproceso
kodeqsis komentari, gv.158-170
352
2. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis aq CamoTvlili RonisZiebebis wre sakmaod farToa, magram araa amomwuravi
da sasamarTlos SeuZlia sxva RonisZiebebis gamoyenebac an erTdroulad ramdenime RonisZiebis gatareba.
muxli 199. sarCelis uzrunvelyofiT

gamowveuli zaralis anazRaureba
1. Tu sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom sarCelis
uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gamoyenebiT
mopasuxes SeiZleba miadges zarali, mas
SeuZlia gamoiyenos sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZieba da imavdroulad mosTxovos pirs, romelmac mimarTa sasamarTlos
sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb, meore
mxarisaTvis mosalodneli zaralis anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofa. uzrunvelyofis garantia sasamarTlom SeiZleba aseve gamoiyenos mowinaaRmdege mxaris gancxadebis
safuZvelze.
2. am muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi piri, romelmac mimarTa sasamarTlos sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb, valdebulia 7 dRis vadaSi
ganaxorcielos mopasuxisaTvis mosalodneli zaralis anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofa.
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo dauyovnebliv gamoitans ganCinebas sarCelis
uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb, rac gasaCivrdeba saCivriT.
3. Tu sarCelis uzrunvelsayofad gamoyenebuli RonisZiebebi gaumarTlebeli gamodga imis gamo, rom mosarCeles uari eTqva sarCelze da gadawyvetileba Sevida kanonier ZalaSi, anda imis gamo, rom sasamarTlom 192-e muxlis meore nawilis Sesabamisad gaauqma sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Ro353
nisZieba, maSin is mxare, romlis sasargeblodac moxda uzrunvelyofa, valdebulia

aunazRauros meore mxares zarali, romelic mas miadga sarCelis uzrunvelsayofad
gamoyenebuli RonisZiebis Sedegad.
1. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gatarebam
SeiZleba garkveuli ziani miayenos mopasuxes, kanoni
icavs aramarto mosarCelis, aramed mopasuxis interesebsac. amitom, pirs, romelic sarCelis uzrunvelyofas moiTxovs, SeiZleba daekisros im mosalodneli
zianis (zaralis) anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofa, rac SeiZleba miadges mopasuxes sarCelis uzrunvelyofiT.
mopasuxisaTvis mosalodneli zianis anazRaurebis
uzrunvelyofa SeiZleba ganxorcieldes rogorc mopasuxis SuamdgomlobiT, ise sasamarTlos iniciativiTac. amasTan, mosalodneli zianis anazRaurebis
uzrunvelyofa unda gatardes imavdroulad sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gatarebasTan erTad. es imas niSnavs, rom ganCinebaSi sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb miTiTebuli unda iyos agreTve imis
Sesaxeb, Tu ra moqmedebis Sesruleba daekisra mosarCeles (magaliTad, fuladi Tanxis dadeba da sxva) mopasuxisaTvis mosalodneli zianis anazRaurebis uzrunvelsayofad. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom mosalodneli
zianis anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb sakiTxi
ganxiluli da gadawyvetili iqnes mogvianebiT, maSin
saWiro iqneba amis Sesaxeb calke ganCinebis miReba.
am muxlis pirvel nawilSi laparakia mosalodnel
zianze. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu sarCelis uzrunvelsayofad SerCeulia iseTi RonisZieba, romelic ar miayenebs zians mopasuxes, maSin, cxadia, moixsneba sakiTxi zianis anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxebac
(magaliTad, mopasuxes ar ekrZaleba isargeblos
nivTiT, gaaqiraos da miiRos sargebeli amisaTvis, magram mas ekrZaleba mxolod gaasxvisos es nivTi saqmis
sasamarTloSi gadawyvetamde).
354
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs vadas (7 dRe),

romlis ganmavlobaSic mosarCelem unda ganaxorcielos mopasuxisaTvis mosalodneli zianis anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofa. aseTi uzrunvelyofa unda moxdes
57-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT fuladi Tanxis
an fasiani qaRaldebis saerTo sasamarTloebis departamentis sadepozito angariSze Setanis gziT, an,
kidev TavdebobiT. (ix. 57-e muxlis komentari).
mosarCelis mier uzrunvelyofis ganuxorcieleblobas 7 dRian vadaSi, ukavSirdeba seriozuli Sedegi, kerZod: sasamarTlom dauyonebliv unda gamoitanos ganCineba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis
RonisZiebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb. aseTi gauqmeba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes sasamarTlos iniciativiT, an dainteresebuli mxaris SuamdgomlobiT.
3. Tu mosarCeles uari eTqva uzrunvelyofil sarCelze, an gauqmda jer araRZruli sarCelis uzrunvelyofa imis gamo, rom pirma ar aRZra sarCeli sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi (ix. 192-e muxlis komentari),
an, kidev, mas uari eTqva sarCelze da gadawyvetileba
Sevida kanonier ZalaSi, maSin mosarCelem unda
aunazRauros ziani mopasuxes, Tu igi amas moiTxovs.
sarCelis uzrunvelyofiT miyenebuli zianis
anazRaurebis Taobaze mopasuxem unda mimarTos sasamarTlos sarCeliT. masve ekisreba damdgari zianis
da misi odenobis damtkicebis tvirTi.
faqtiurad, mopasuxisaTvis mosalodneli zianis
anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofa - esaa im sarCelis
uzrunvelyofa, romelic SeiZleba aRZras mopasuxem mosarCelis winaaRmdeg, romlis sarCelis uzrunvelyofis gamo mas miadga ziani.
Tu mopasuxe ar moiTxovs zianis anazRaurebas, an
moiTxovs, magram ver daamtkicebs zianis faqts da mis
odenobas, ris gamoc sasamarTlo uars etyvis mas sarCelis dakmayofilebaze, maSin Tavdapirvel mosarCeles daubrundeba is Tanxa (fasiani qaRaldebi), rac
man Seitana uzrunvelyofis garantiis saxiT, an gauqm355
deba sakredito dawesebulebis Tavdeboba, Tu aseTi

iyo daSvebuli.

gadawyvetilebiT uzrunvelyofis
RonisZiebis gauqmeba
sarCelis dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis,
sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis an saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT (ganCinebiT)
auqmebs am sarCelTan dakavSirebiT gamoyenebul uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebas, rac
saCivrdeba am gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) gasaCivrebisaTvis kanoniT dadgenili
wesiT.
am muxlSi laparakia sam sasamarTlo dadgenilebaze, romlebiTac, Tu isini iqneba miRebuli, sasamarTlom imavdroulad, e.i. ise, rom ar daelodos maT kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlas, unda gaauqmos sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZieba. es dadgenilebebia sasamarTlo
gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayofilebaze uarisTqmis Sesaxeb, sasamarTlos ganCineba saqmis warmoebis
Sewyvetis Sesaxeb da sasamarTlos ganCineba sarCelis
ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb. esaa kanonis kategoriuli moTxovna, romelic unda ganaxorcielos sasamarTlom Tavisi iniciativiT. mopasuxis gancxadeba amis
Sesaxeb araa saWiro.
praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovania is garemoebac, rom gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, agreTve zemod dasaxelebuli ganCinebebi SeiZleba gasaCivrdes am gadawyvetilebisa da ganCinebebis gasaCivrebisaTvis kanoniT dadgenili wesiT.
es imas niSnavs, rom gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, romliTac agreTve
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gauqmda am sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZieba - SeiZleba gasaCivrdes saapelacio (sakasacio) wesiT; aseve
sasamarTlos ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis
Sesaxeb (272-e muxli), romliTac agreTve gauqmda sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZieba, SeiZleba gasaCivrdes kerZo saCivriT (274-e muxli), xolo sasamarTlos ganCineba sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis
Sesaxeb (275-e muxli), romliTac gauqmda sarCelis
uzrunvelyofis RonisZieba, SeiZleba gasaCivrdes
kerZo saCivriT (276-e muxli).
rogorc vxedavT, Tu uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis
gauqmeba xdeba sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT an ganCinebiT saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis an sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb, maSin es gadawyvetileba
da ganCinebebi SeiZleba gasaCivrdes Sesabamisad saapelacio (sakasacio) saCivriT da kerZo saCivriT, magram Tu uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gauqmeba xdeba
mopasuxis gancxadebis safuZvelze da sasamarTlos
ganCinebiT, maSin es ganCineba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes saCivriT (197-e muxli).
uzrunvelyofis RonisZieba gauqmebulad CaiTvleba mxolod mas Semdeg, rodesac kanonier ZalaSi Seva
gadawyvetileba (ganCineba), romliTac igi gauqmda.
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T a v i
XXIV
saqmis momzadeba sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze

gansaxilvelad
muxli 200. saqmis momzadebis mizani
1. Tu sarCelis (gancxadebis) miRebis Semdeg saqme mosamarTlis gansaxilvelia, saqmes amzadebs mosamarTle, xolo Tu am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi saqme kolegiurma sasamarTlom unda ganixilos, maSin saqmes am sasamarTlos erT-erTi wevri amzadebs, raTa daCqardes misi
ganxilva da SesaZlebeli gaxdes erT sasamarTlo sxdomaze ganxilvis damTavreba da
saqmis sworad gadawyveta.
2. mosamarTlis davalebiT saqme sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis SeiZleba moamzados
mosamarTlis TanaSemwem.
1. saqmis momzadeba SeiZleba daiwyos sarCelis (gancxadebis) warmoebaSi miRebis Semdeg (183-e muxli) dauyovnebliv. saqmis momzadebis dawyebis Sesaxeb miTiTebuli unda iyos ganCinebaSi sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis Sesaxeb.
_ saqmes yovelTvis amzadebs mosamarTle erTpirovnulad, damoukideblad imisa, kolegiuri sasamarTlo ganixilavs am saqmes, Tu mosamarTle erTpirovnulad.
_ samoqalaqo saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi SeiZleba or mTavar etapad davyoT. pirveli etapi _ saqmis
momzadeba sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze gansaxilvelad, romelsac sxvanairad SeiZleba ewodos mxareTa
werilobiTi Sejibreba. meore etapi _ saqmis ganxilva
mTavar sxdomaze, romelsac SeiZleba ewodos mxareTa
zepiri Sejibreba.
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_ momzadebis etapi unda gaiaros uklebliv yvela

saqmem, damoukideblad imisa, rTulia Tu martivi es
saqme, xolo momzadebis mizniT unda Sesruldes yvela saproceso moqmedeba, romelic gaTvaliswinebulia
am TaviT.
_ sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze im saproceso moqmedebaTa Sesrulebis gadatana, romelic unda Sesrulebuliyo saqmis momzadebis etapze dauSvebelia, garda kanoniT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevebisa
da pirobebisa. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu mTavar sxdomaze saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba xdeba iseTi saproceso
moqmedebis Sesrulebis motiviT (magaliTad, damatebiTi mtkicebulebebis wardgena, Segebebuli sarCelis
miReba, mesame pirebisa Tu Tanamonawileebis Cabma, adgilze daTvaliereba da a. S.), romlebic SeiZleboda da
unda Sesrulebuliyo momzadebis etapze _ es imas niSnavs, rom saqme ar iyo saTanadod momzadebuli.
momzadebis etapze sasamarTlom sabolood unda
daazustos da gansazRvros garemoebebi, romlebzec
mxareebi amyareben TavianT moTxovnebsa da Sesagebels
(mtkicebis sagani), mtkicebulebebi, romelTa saSualebiT mxareebs surT am garemoebebis damtkiceba (dadastureba), materialur-samarTlebirvi norma (kanoni),
romlis gamoyenebiTac unda moxdes dadasturebuli
garemoebebis iuridiuli Sefaseba (kvalifikacia) da
bolos, am saqmeze gadawyvetilebis winaswari (arasaboloo) proeqti.
yovelive es SeiZleba warmatebiT ganxorcieldes,
Tu sasamarTlo ganuxrelad ixelmZRvanelebs im normebis danawesiT, romlebic saqmis momzadebas awesrigebs.
2. `saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos
organuli kanonis 73-e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad `mosamarTlis TanaSemwe ... amzadebs saqmeebs sasamarTlos sxdomaze gansaxilvelad, mosamarTlis davalebiT asrulebs saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebul
sxva movaleobebs~.
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mosamarTlis TanaSemwes SeuZlia mniSvnelovani roli Seasrulos saqmis momzadebaSi, yvela im saproceso
moqmedebaTa SesrulebaSi, romlebic xels Seuwyoben
am saqmis sworad da droulad gadawyvetas.
_ mosamarTlis TanaSemwes, Tu mas daevaleba saqmis
momzadeba, SeuZlia miiRos zomebi mxareTa morigebisaTvis, daniSnos mosamzadebeli sxdoma, miiRos ganCinebebi, romelTa gamotana dasaSvebia am sxdomaze (208209-e muxlebi) da a. S.
_ TanaSemwis saqmianobas xelmZRvanelobs mosamarTle.
muxli 201. sasamarTlos davalebebi

mopasuxisadmi
1. saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis momzadebis mizniT mosamarTle:
a) gadaugzavnis mopasuxes sarCelisa (gancxadebis) da am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli sabuTebis aslebs;
b) dauniSnavs mopasuxes vadas werilobiT
Seadginos Tavisi pasuxi (Sesagebeli) sarCelsa da masSi dasmul sakiTxebze, agreTve
Tavisi mosazrebebi sarCelze darTuli sabuTebis Sesaxeb da warudginos isini sasamarTlos.
2. mopasuxis werilobiT pasuxSi miTiTebuli unda iyos:
a) cnobs Tu ara mopasuxe sarCels;
b) Tu sarCels ara cnobs, ra konkretul
garemoebebs emyareba misi Sesagebeli sarCelis winaaRmdeg;
g) ra mtkicebulebebiT SeiZleba damtkicdes es garemoebebi;
d) ra saproceso saSualebebiT apirebs
mopasuxe sarCelisagan Tavis dacvas, kerZod, xom ar apirebs Segebebuli sarCelis
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aRZvras, xom ar uaryofs sarCelis dasaSvebobas, xom ar eqneba acileba sasamarTlos an mosamarTlis mimarT da a. S.;
e) vin SeiZleba Caebas procesSi Tanamonawileebad an mesame pirebad;
v) romeli mowme unda iqnes gamoZaxebuli
sasamarTlo sxdomaze.
a) sasamarTlom sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebisTanave
unda daiwyos misi momzadeba, risTvisac igi iRebs ganCinebas sarCelisa da masze darTuli sabuTebis aslebis mopasuxisaTvis gadagzavnis Sesaxeb. mopasuxes unda gadaegzavnos yvela metnaklebad mniSvnelovani werilobiTi masala, romelic Semovida sasamarTloSi
mogvianebiT, e.i mas Semdeg, rac miRebuli da gadagzavnili iqna aRniSnuli ganCineba.
b) mopasuxis mier werilobiTi pasuxis Sedgenisa da
misi sasamarTloSi wardgenis vadas niSnavs mosamarTle. am vadis gansazRvrisas mosamarTlem mxedvelobaSi unda miiRos samoqalaqo saqmeTa sasamarTloSi ganxilvis saerTo vada (59-e muxli) da sarCelis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, dro, romelic saWiro iqneba masze pasuxis gasacemad (werilobiTi Sesageblis Sesadgenad).
2. am muxlis meore nawili Seicavs im sakiTxebis CamonaTvals, romlebzec pasuxis gacema savaldebuloa mopasuxisaTvis. cxadia, mopasuxes SeuZlia ar Semoifarglos am sakiTxebiT da Tavisi iniciativiT dasvas da pasuxi gasces iseT sakiTxebzec, romlebic ar
iyo sasamarTlos ganCinebaSi dasmuli. Tavis mxriv, sasamarTloc araa SeboWili 201-e muxlis me-2 nawilSi miTiTebuli sakiTxebiT da SeuZlia gaafarTovos im sakiTxTa wre, romlebzec mizanSewonilia pasuxi gasces
mopasuxem.
_ im ukiduresad iSviaT SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saqmis masalebidan gamomdinare, sasamarTlos es mizanSewonilad miaCnia, mopasuxes SeiZleba mieces damatebiTi, magram Semoklebuli vada mis mier arasrulyofi361
lad Sedgenili werilobiTi Sesageblis xarvezis Sesavsebad, rac SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos imiT, rom masSi araa pasuxi sasamarTlos ganCinebaSi dasmul yvela
kiTxvaze, an es pasuxebi bundovania ( 203-e muxlis pirveli nawili).
_ mopasuxis mier werilobiTi Sesageblis sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi warudgenloba arTmevs mas
uflebas Seasrulos es moqmedeba dagvianebiT _ saqmis momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg (206-e da 215-e muxlebi), ris Sesaxebac gafrTxilebas unda Seicavdes ganCineba. magaliTad, Tu mopasuxem ar warmoadgina Sesagebeli, an warmoadgina magram ar gasca pasuxi kiTxvaze, xom ar apirebs Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvras, xom
ar eqneba acileba mosamarTlis mimarT, an kidev, romeli mowme unda iqnes gamoZaxebuli sasamarTloSi da a.
S. maSin saqmis momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg sasamarTlos SeuZlia ar daakmayofilos misi Suamdgomlobebi am sakiTxebze (33-e, 188-e 215-e muxlebi).
muxli 202. mopasuxis werilobiTi

pasuxis gadagzavna mosarCelisaTvis
1. mopasuxis werilobiTi pasuxisa da masze darTuli sabuTebis aslebi unda gadaegzavnos mosarCeles.
2. mosarCeles ufleba aqvs warudginos
mosamarTles damatebiTi mtkicebulebebi,
agreTve werilobiT acnobos mas Tavisi mosazrebebi mopasuxis werilobiTi pasuxis
Taobaze misi miRebidan 5 dRis vadaSi.
1. sarCelisa da masze darTuli sabuTebis aslebis
gadagzavna mopasuxisaTvis saSualebas aZlevs mopasuxes icodes ras moiTxovs misgan mosarCele, ra konkretul garemoebebs emyareba misi moTxovna da romeli
mtkicebulebebiT apirebs am garemoebebis dadasture-
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bas. amrigad, mopasuxes eZleva sruli SesaZlebloba

sarCelisagan TavdacvisaTvis.
_ mxareTa Tanasworobis principidan gamomdinare,
mosarCelesac aqvs sruli ufleba icodes, Tu romeli
saproceso meqanizmebiT apirebs Tavdacvas mopasuxe.
swored am mosazrebiTaa nakarnaxevi am muxlis pirveli nawilis kategoriuli moTxovna imis Sesaxeb, rom
mopasuxis werilobiTi pasuxi (Sesagebeli) da masze
darTuli sabuTebis aslebi gadaegzavnos mosarCeles.
_ mopasuxis mier werilobiTi Sesageblis warudgenloba sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi arRvevs
mxareTa Tanasworobis princips, kerZod, araTanabar
mdgomareobaSi ayenebs mosarCeles: mopasuxem Seityo yvelaferi da aqvs sruli SesaZlebloba kargad moemzados TavdacvisaTvis, mosarCelem ki ar icis ras
apirebs an ra saSualebebis gamoyenebiT apirebs Tavdacvas mopasuxe.
_ swored mxareTa aseTi araTanasworobis damkvidrebis Tavidan acilebas emsaxureba danawesebi, romlebic ganmtkicebulia 206-e, 215-e da 219-e muxlebiT da
romelTa saerTo azri mdgomareobs imaSi, rom dagvianebiT aRZruli Suamdgomlobebi, an warmodgenili
faqtebi da mtkicebulebebi sasamarTlos SeuZlia saerTod ar gaiziaros da ar miiRos.
2. am muxlis meore nawili gansazRvravs vadas, romlis ganmavlobaSic mosarCeles SeuZlia, Tu amas is saWirod Tvlis, warudginos sasamarTlos Tavisi werilobiTi formiT Sedgenili mosazrebebi mopasuxis werilobiT Sesagebelze da im sabuTebze, romlebic erTvis am Sesagebels. am vadaSi mas SeuZlia warudginos
sasamarTlos damatebiTi mtkicebulebebi. ise rogorc
mopasuxes, am SesaZleblobaTa gamouyenebloba mosarCelesac arTmevs uflebas dagvianebiT, e. i. saqmis momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg, warudginos sasamarTlos axali faqtebi da mtkicebulebebi (206-e
muxli).
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muxli 203. moqmedeba, romelsac

asrulebs mosamarTle saqmis
momzadebis mizniT
1. sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvisaTvis saqmis mosamzadeblad mosamarTles SeuZlia:
a) daavalos mxareebs Seavson, xolo saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi ganmarton maT mier warmodgenili werilobiTi masalebi, winadadeba misces maT warmoadginon saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone nivTebi Tu dokumentebi;
b) gamoiTxovos mxareTa TxovniT mtkicebulebani sxvadasxva dawesebulebebidan Tu
moqalaqeebisagan, romelTa miRebac Tavad
mxareebma ver SeZles;
g) gadawyvitos sasamarTlo procesSi mesame pirebisa da Tanamonawileebis daSvebis sakiTxi;
d) Seamowmos mtkicebulebebi, Tu es sasamarTloSi saqmis arsebiTad ganxilvisas
Zneli iqneba an gaaWianurebs saqmis ganxilvas;
e) Caataros adgilze daTvaliereba;
v) misces sasamarTlo davalebebi;
z) moaxdinos sarCelis uzrunvelyofa;
T) daniSnos eqspertiza, gadawyvitos
eqspertis mowvevis sakiTxi;
i) gadawyvitos specialistis mowvevis sakiTxi;
k) daibaros mowmeebi, agreTve eqspertebi
da specialistebi sasamarTlo sxdomis dRisaTvis.
2. mosamarTles SeuZlia sxva moqmedebebis Sesrulebac, romlebic xels Seuwyoben
sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze gansaxilvelad saqmis momzadebas.
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1. es muxli Seicavs im saproceso moqmedebaTa araamomwurav CamonaTvals, romelTa Sesruleba, saqmis xasiaTisa da Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, mizanSewonili da
aucilebelia am saqmis saTanadod momzadebis mizniT.
_ 203-e muxlis adresatia mosamarTle. aq CamoTvlili saproceso moqmedebebi mosamarTlem unda Seasrulos. saqme isaa, rom samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi
marTalia agebulia SejibrebiTobis principze, magram
igi Seicavs samZebro principis elementebsac, oRond
imis sruli gaTvaliswinebiT, rom ar Seilaxos romelime mxaris interesebi. sasamarTlos iniciativa mxolod
kanonis farglebSia dasaSvebi (me-4 muxli).
a) mxareebis mier warmodgenili werilobiTi masalebi, magaliTad,
mopasuxis werilobiTi Sesagebeli, mosarCelis werilobiTi mosazrebebi am Sesagebelze (202-e muxli),
nivTieri Tu werilobiTi sabuTebi, gancxadebebi, Suadgomlobebi da a. S. SeiZleba ar iyos srulyofilad
Sedgenili an, saerTod, ar iyos warmodgenili.
sasamarTlos SeuZlia winadadeba misces mxareebs
Seavson yvela naklovanebebi da xarvezebi, risTvisac
daniSnavs vadas.
b) mtkicebulebebs sasamarTlos warudgenen mxareebi (103-e muxli). sasamarTlos ar SeuZlia TviTon, Tavisi iniciativiT, daiwyos mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba.
mas SeuZlia gamoiTxovos mtkicebulebebi fizikuri
Tu iuridiuli pirebidan mxolod mxareTa TxovniT,
romlebmac TviTon, uSualod es ver SeZles ama Tu im
mizezis gamo (134-e muxlis me-2 nawili 154-e muxlis me2 nawili);
g) saqmis droulad gadawyvetis mizniT sasurvelia,
rom damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesame pirebisa
da Tanamonawileebis daSvebis sakiTxi sasamarTlos winaSe daisvas da momzadebis stadiaze gadawydes. am sakiTxebis gadawyvetis dros sasamarTlom unda ixelmZRvanelos 86-e da 89-e muxlebiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
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d) momzadebis stadiaze mosamarTles SeuZlia miiRos garkveuli zomebi mtkicebulebaTa Semowmebis

mizniT, kerZod daniSnos mosamzadebeli sxdoma, raTa
gamokiTxos mxareebi saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebaTa Sesaxeb, daniSnos adgilze daTvaliereba, daniSnos
eqspertiza, daadginos mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa da a.S.
e) adgilze daTvaliereba, roca igi momzadebis stadiaze xdeba da roca amis aucilebloba arsebobs (120-e
muxli), saSualebas miscems sasamarTlos Tavidan aicilos saqmis ganxilvis sxva droisaTvis gadadeba da
misi gadawyvetis gaWianureba. adgilze daTvaliereba
unda ganxorcieldes ssk 120-126-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
v) garkveuli, kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis
arsebobisas (ix. 107-e muxlis komentari) mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba SeiZleba daevalos sxva raionis (qalaqis) sasamarTlos, ris Sesaxebac mosamarTles gamoaqvs
ganCineba. sasamarTlo davalebebis micema yvelaze
ufro mizanSewonilia saqmis momzadebis stadiaze,
radgan mTavar sxdomaze aseTi davalebebis micema
ueWvelad gamoiwvevs am sxdomis gadadebas da saboloo
angariSSi saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebas.
z) ise, rogorc nebismieri sxva Suamdgomlobebi, sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobac (gancxadeba) unda aRiZras sasamarTlos winaSe saqmis momzadebis stadiaze. dagvianebiT, e. i. saqmis momzadebis
damTavrebis Semdeg (207-e muxli) sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb Suamdgomloba dasaSvebia, Tu igi ar iyo
aRZruli Tavis droze sapatio mizeziT (215-e muxli).
sarCelis uzrunvelyofa unda moxdes ssk 191-199-e
muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
T) eqspertizis daniSvna saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis dros yovelTvis iwvevs am saqmis ganxilvis sxva
droisaTvis gadadebas da saboloo angariSSi saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebas. amitom, Tu saqmis masalebidan ga366
momdinare, saWiroa eqspertizis Catareba, igi unda dainiSnos momzadebis stadiaze.

_ eqspertiza SeiZleba dainiSnos rogorc mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT, ise sasamarTlos iniciativiTac,
oRond ssk 162-176-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.
i) specialisti araa eqsperti da igi ar wers daskvnas. misi mosazrebebi, romlebic SeiZleba aisaxos oqmSi, ar warmoadgens damoukidebel mtkicebulebas. mas
iwvevs sasamarTlo mxolod daxmarebis aRmosaCenad
(204-e muxli).
k) mowmeebis, eqspertebis, specialistebis dabareba SeiZleba mxolod mas Semdeg, rodesac mosamarTle
saqmes momzadebulad cnobs da daniSnavs mTavar sxdomas (207-e muxli). maTi dabareba SeiZleba moxdes kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (140-e, 168-e da 204-e muxlebi).
mowmis dakiTxva momzadebis stadiaze dasaSvebia
mxolod ssk147-e, 107-e da 109-e muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
2. saqmis xasiaTidan da Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, SeuZlebelia yvela im saproceso moqmedebis CamoTvla,
romelTa Sesruleba SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes am saqmis
momzadebisaTvis. amitom, am muxlis CamonaTvali araa
amomwuravi da sasamarTlos sruli ufleba aqvs Seasrulos sxva saproceso moqmedebac, Tu es misi azriT,
saWiro da aucilebelia.
muxli 204. specialistis mowveva

1. ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebisas (adgilze daTvaliereba, mowmeTa
dakiTxva, mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa,
gegmebisa da gaangariSebebis Sedgena da a.
S.) sasamarTlos SeuZlia moiwvios specialisti.
2. specialistad mowveuli piri valdebulia gamocxaddes sasamarTloSi, gauwios
mas konsultacia, aRmouCinos teqnikuri daxmareba.
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3. specialistis zepiri konsultacia Seitaneba sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmSi, xolo

misi werilobiTi pasuxebi daerTvis saqmes.
specialisti Tavisi saproceso mdgomareobiTa da
procesSi monawileobis miznebiT gansxvavdeba eqspertisagan (162-e muxli). eqsperti damoukideblad atarebs eqspertizas (gamokvlevas), wers daskvnas sasamarTlosaTvis saintereso sakiTxebze, romelTa ganmarteba specialur codnas moiTxovs da es daskvna warmoadgens mtkicebis damoukidebel saSualebas (mtkicebulebas), romelsac sasamarTlo Tavisi Sinagani rwmeniT afasebs.
specialisti ar atarebs eqspertizas, ar adgens daskvnas da ar warmoadgens mtkicebulebis wyaros. misi
mizania daxmareba aRmouCinos mosamarTles ama Tu im
saproceso moqmedebis srulyofilad CatarebaSi.
1. 204-e muxlis pirveli nawili ar Seicavs im saproceso moqmedebaTa amomwurav CamonaTvals, romelTa
Sesrulebisas SeiZleba specialistis mowveva. igi SeiZleba mowveul iqnes sxva saproceso moqmedebaTa Sesrulebis drosac, rogoricaa magaliTad eqsperimentis
Catareba, nivTier mtkicebulebaTa Senaxva, nimuSebis
aReba SedarebiTi gamokvlevebisaTvis da sxva.
2. specialisti valdebulia gamocxaddes sasamarTloSi da monawileoba miiRos saproceso moqmedebaTa
SesrulebaSi, gamoiyenos Tavisi specialuri codna
mtkicebulebaTa gamovlenasa da damagrebaSi, Seadginos, Tu es saWiroa, naxazebi da gegmebi, moaxdinos fotogadaRebebi da a. S. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saWiroa
arasrulwlovani mowmis dakiTxva, specialistad SeiZleba mowveuli iqnes pedagogi, romelsac SeuZlia Tavisi rCevebiT daexmaros sasamarTlos aseTi mowmisagan gulwrfeli Cvenebis miRebaSi (152-e muxli).
3. specialistis zepiri konsultaciebi Seitaneba
oqmSi, xolo mis mier Sedgenili naxazebi, gaangariSebebi, fotoebi da sxva daerTvis saqmes da warmoadgens
368
oqmis ganuyofel nawils, romelTa mniSvneloba mTlianad amoiwureba oqmis mniSvnelobiT (287-e muxli).
specialists ufleba aqvs gaecnos im saproceso moqmedebis oqms, romelSic igi monawileobda, warmoadginos Tavisi SeniSvnebi oqmis mimarT, miuTiTos mis usworobaze Tu usrulobaze.
muxli 205. mosamzadebeli sxdomis

daniSvna
1. Tu warmodgenili werilobiTi masalebi mosamarTles aZlevs varaudis safuZvels, rom mxareebma SeiZleba saqme morigebiT daamTavron, mopasuxem cnos sarCeli,
an mosarCelem uari Tqvas sarCelze, agreTve, Tu, mosamarTlis azriT, sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis saqmis saTanadod momzadebis interesebi amas moiTxovs, mxareTa
werilobiTi masalebis miRebis Semdeg mas
SeuZlia daniSnos mosamzadebeli sxdoma.
2. mxareTa SeTanxmebiT mosamzadebeli
sxdoma SeiZleba gadaizardos mTavar sxdomaSi
1. mosamzadebeli sxdoma araa saqmis momzadebis
stadiis savaldebulo da aucilebeli elementi, magram saqmis damTavreba mxareTa morigebis, mosarCelis
mier sarCelze uaris Tqmis an mopasuxis mier sarCelis
cnobis safuZvelze dasaSvebia mxolod mosamzadebel
sxdomaze, Tu yovelive es momzadebis stadiaze moxda (208-e muxli).
mosamzadebeli sxdoma SeiZleba dainiSnos kidev
erTi mizniT _ Tu amas `saqmis saTanadod momzadebis
interesebi moiTxoven~.
_ magram ra mizniTac ar unda dainiSnos, mosamzadebel sxdomaze sabolood unda iqnes ganxiluli saqmis
momzadebasTan dakavSirebuli yvela sakiTxi, rogori369
caa mxareebis mier damatebiTi mtkicebulebebis warmodgena, sasamarTlos mier mxareTa TxovniT am mtkicebulebebis gamoTxova, mesame pirebisa da Tanamonawileebis procesSi Cabma, adgilze daTvalierebis Catareba, eqspertizis daniSvna, specialistis mowveva
da a. S.
_ kanoni ar iTvaliswinebs da ar gulisxmobs mosamzadebeli sxdomis gadadebas, ganmeorebiT daniSvnas Tu mravaljer Catarebis SesaZleblobas. Tu mosamzadebel sxdomaze mxareebs ganesazRvraT raime
saproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba, es moqmedeba unda
Sesruldes sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi. ukidures SemTxvevaSi mosamzadebeli sxdoma SeiZleba meored dainiSnos, Tu es aucilebelia, magaliTad, Tu
mxareebs miecaT maTive SuamdgomlobiT dro morigebisaTvis.
_ mosamzadebeli sxdomis gadadeba im motiviT, rom
erT-erTi an orive mxare ar gamocxadda, dauSvebelia.
sasamarTlos SeuZlia daniSnos mTavari sxdoma im SemTxvevaSic ki, roca saqme faqtiurad ar aris momzadebuli mxareTa pasiurobis gamo (ix. 207-e muxlis komentari).
2. mosamzadebeli sxdomis gadazrda mTavar sxdomaSi SeiZleba dasaSvebi da gamarTlebuli iyos, Tu am
sxdomaze gamocxadda orive mxare da isini Suamdgomloben sasamarTlos winaSe, rom man ganixilos da gadawyvitos es saqme saqmeSi arsebuli masalebis mixedviT
muxli 206. mxareTa movaleoba

mxareebi movaleni arian saqmis momzadebis mizniT Seasrulon mosamarTlis miTiTebebi. arasapatio mizeziT werilobiTi
masalebis warudgenloba an sxva moqmedebis Seusrulebloba arTmevs mxares ufle-
370
bas, Seasrulos aseTi moqmedeba am saqmis

arsebiTad ganxilvis dros.
_ samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdebloba Seicavs
saqmis ganxilivis gaWianurebis winaaRmdeg brZolis metad efeqtur saSualebebs (meqanizmebs). sasamarTloebma gonivrulad, mtkiced da ganuxrelad unda gamoiyenos es meqanizmebi.
_ erT-erTi aseTi saSualebaa am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli sanqcia, romlis mixedviT Tu mxare saqmis
momzadebis stadiaze ar Seasrulebs Sesabamis saproceso moqmedebebs, ar aRZravs sasamarTlos winaSe Sesabamis Suamdgomlobebs da a. S. maSin is kargavs uflebas Seasrulos aseTi moqmedebebi saqmis momzadebis
damTavrebis Semdeg (207-e muxli), Tu maTi droulad
Seusrulebloba ar iyo gamowveuli sapatio mizeziT,
romelic sarwmunod unda iyos dadasturebuli Sesabamisi mxaris mier (215-e muxli).
_ mxaris gafrTxilebas am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli sanqciis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb unda Seicavdes sasamarTlos ganCineba ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis Sesaxeb.
muxli 207. ganCineba saqmis

sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze
ganxilvis Sesaxeb
mosamarTles, mas Semdeg, rac cnobs saqmes sakmaod momzadebulad, gamoaqvs ganCineba sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze misi arsebiTad ganxilvis daniSvnis Sesaxeb. sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze saqmis ganxilvis
dRes sasamarTlo niSnavs im varaudiT, rom
mxareebs SesaZlebloba hqondeT moemzadon
zepiri SejibrebisaTvis.
371
_ saqmis momzadeba ar SeiZleba dausruleblad gagrZeldes, igi unda damTavrdes gonivrul vadaSi, e. i.
iseT vadaSi, rom SesaZlebeli gaxdes am saqmis ganxilva da gadawyveta kanoniT gansazRvrul vadaSi (59-e
muxlis me-3 nawili). mTavari sxdoma SeiZleba dainiSnos Tu saqme momzadebulia.
_ magram rogor unda moiqces sasamarTlo iseT SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mxareebi, an erT-erTi mxare (xSirad
mopasuxe) ar aqtiurobs, ufro metic, Segnebulad cdilobs saqmis momzadebis, saboloo angariSSi ki, saqmis
ganxilvis gaWianurebas, ris gamoc saqme faqtiurad moumzadebelia, xolo saqmis ganxilvis vadebi iwureba?
SeiZleba Tu ara aseT pirobebSi mTavari sxdomis
daniSvna?
_ samoqalaqo saproceso samarTlis TvalsazrisiT,
`saqmis sakmaod momzadebuloba~ ar niSnavs aucileblad am saqmis realurad momzadebas. igi SeiZleba ar
iyos momzadebuli imis gamo, rom mxareebi ar iCenen sakmao interess am saqmisadmi, ar asruleben saWiro saproceso moqmedebas, magram saqme mainc momzadebulad unda CaiTvalos, Tu sasamarTlom TviTon Seasrula yvela is saproceso moqmedeba, rac mas samsaxurebrivad evaleboda da droulad gaafrTxila mxareebi saproceso moqmedebaTa Sesrulebis aucileblobaze da maTi Seusruleblobis Sedegebze.
_ aseT pirobebSi sasamarTlos ara marto ar SeuZlia, aramed uflebac ar aqvs daelodos Tu rodis inebebs mxare Seasrulos esa Tu is saproceso moqmedeba.
amitom mas gamoaqvs ganCineba saqmis momzadebis dasrulebisa da am saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis daniSvnis Sesaxeb.
_ sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze saqmis ganxilvis
daniSvnis Sesaxeb ganCinebiT mTavrdeba momzadebis
etapi (werilobiTi Sejibreba) da iwyeba axali etapi _
saqmis mTavar sxdomaze zepiri ganxilvis (zepiri Sejibrebis) etapi (210-e muxli).
372
muxli 208. ganCineba saqmis warmoebis

Sewyvetis Sesaxeb
1. Tu mosamzadebel sxdomaze mosarCele
uars ityvis sarCelze, an mxareebi morigdebian, mosamarTle gamoitans ganCinebas
saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb. morigebis
SemTxvevaSi amave ganCinebiT sasamarTlo
daamtkicebs morigebis pirobebs. igive wesi
gavrceldeba sasamarTlo ganxilvis nebismier stadiaze.
2. saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta aRniSnuli
safuZvlebiT iwvevs Sedegebs, rac gaTvaliswinebulia 273-e muxliT.
3. Tu mosamzadebel sxdomaze mopasuxe
cnobs sarCels, mosamarTle gamoitans gadawyvetilebas sarCelis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili gulisxmobs mosarCelis mier sarCelze uaris Tqmas da mxareTa morigebas
mosamzadebel sxdomaze. magram sarCelze uaris Tqma
an mxareTa morigeba SeiZleba moxdes jer kidev mosamzadebeli sxdomis daniSvnamde, ris Sesaxebac mxareebma werilobiT acnobes mosamarTles. aseT SemTxvevaSi mosamarTles SeuZlia daniSnos mosamzadebeli
sxdoma, daibaros mxareebi da gamoitanos ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb. mxareTa gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs ganCinebis miRebas. mTavari
sxdomis daniSvna saWiro araa.
mxareTa morigeba - esaa urTierTdaTmobis gziT mxareTa Soris dadebuli garigeba, romelic axleburad
gansazRvravs maT uflebebsa da movaleobebs. morigebis pirobebi ganisazRvreba TviT mxareebis mier. cxadia, rom saqmis xasiaTisa da Sinaarsis mixedviT es
pirobebi gansxvavebuli iqneba. morigebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelic detalurad da
373
amomwuravad gansazRvravs morigebis pirobebs, e.i.

imas, Tu romelma mxarem ra moqmedeba unda Seasrulos
meore mxaris sasargeblod.
2. saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis SemTxvevaSi igive sarCeliT sasamarTloSi mimarTva dauSvebelia (273-e muxlis me-2 nawili).
3. saqmis momzadebis etapze (mosamzadebel sxdomaze an manamde) mopasuxem SeiZleba cnos sarCeli. aseT
SemTxvevaSi mosamzadebel sxdomaze mosamarTles gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayofilebis
Sesaxeb. sasamarTlos mTavari sxdomis daniSvna aseT
SemTxvevaSiac saWiro araa.
_ Tu sarCelze uaris Tqma, mxareTa morigeba an sarCelis cnoba moxda momzadebis etapis damTavrebis Semdeg, e. i. mas Semdeg, rac sasamarTlom gamoitana ganCineba mTavari sxdomis daniSvnis Sesaxeb (207-e muxli),
maSin Sesabamisi ganCinebebi da gadawyvetileba sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos mTavar sxdomaze.
muxli 209. saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta

da sarCelis (gancxadebis)
ganuxilvelad datoveba saqmis
momzadebis dros
272-e da 275-e muxlebis Sesabamisi qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebis
arsebobisas sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze
saqmis gansaxilvelad momzadebis dros saqmis
warmoeba mosamarTlem SeiZleba Sewyvitos
an sarCeli (gancxadeba) ganuxilvelad datovos, ris Sesaxebac mas gamoaqvs motivirebuli ganCineba.
_ 272-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebis arsebobisas mosamarTlem ar unda miiRos sarCeli (186-e
muxli), magram Tu SecdomiT miiRo sarCeli warmoebaSi, rac saqmis momzadebis stadiaze gamovlinda, mas Se374
uZlia miiRos ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb (ix. 272-e muxlis komentari). saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis mizniT mosamarTles, Tu igi amas mizanSewonilad CaTvlis, SeuZlia moiwvios mosamzadebeli sxdoma, magram mxareTa gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs
sakiTxis gadawyvetas.
_ ganCinebaze saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana (274-e muxli).
_ ssk 275-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebis
arsebobisas, garda am muxlis `g~ da `d~ qvepunqtebiT
gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebisa, mosamarTlem ar unda miiRos sarCeli, magram Tu SecdomiT miiRo sarCeli warmoebaSi, rac gamovlinda saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, mas SeuZlia ganuxilvelad datovos sarCeli.
mosamzadebeli sxdomis mowveva am SemTxvevaSic araa
aucilebeli, magram Tu mosamarTles mizanSewonilad
miaCnia, SeuZlia moiwvios igi. mxareTa gamoucxadebloba sakiTxis gadawyvetas ver daabrkolebs.
_ mosamzadebeli sxdoma araa saqmis momzadebis stadiis savaldebulo elementi. aqedan gamomdinare, arc
am sxdomaze mxareTa gamocxadeba SeiZleba CavTvaloT savaldebulod da davukavSiroT mas is Sedegebi, romlebic sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze gamoucxadeblobas ukavSirdeba, kerZod, ar SeiZleba
dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotana, sarCelis ganuxilvelad datoveba, roca ar cxaddeba mosamzadebel sxdomaze mosarCele da sarCelis ganuxilvelad
datoveba, roca orive mxare ar cxaddeba. amitom, mosamzadebel stadiaze an mosamzadebel sxdomaze sarCelis ganuxilvelad datoveba ssk 275-e muxlis `g~ da
`d~ qvepunqtebis safuZvelze, romelic sasamarTlos
mTavar sxdomas gulisxmobs, dauSvebelia, garda iseTi SemTxvevebisa, roca Sesabamisi pirobebis arsebobisas mosamzadebeli sxdoma gadaizarda mTavar sxdomaSi (ix. 205-e muxlis komentari).
375
T a v i
XXV
sasamarTlos mTavari sxdoma

muxli 210. sasamarTlos mTavari
sxdomis dawyeba
1. saqmis ganxilvisaTvis daniSnul dros sasamarTlo Semodis sxdomis darbazSi. mosamarTle, xolo Tu saqmes arCevs kolegiuri
sasamarTlo, _ am sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare,
xsnis sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomas da acxadebs, Tu romeli saqme iqneba ganxiluli.
2. sasamarTlos sxdomis mdivani moaxsenebs sasamarTlos, Tu gansaxilvel saqmeze
mowveul pirTagan vin gamocxadda, CabardaT Tu ara gamoucxadebel pirebs uwyebebi 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT da
ra cnobebi arsebobs maTi gamoucxadeblobis mizezebis Sesaxeb. sasamarTlo adgens
gamocxadebulTa vinaobas, amowmebs warmomadgenelTa uflebamosilebas, agreTve
afrTxilebs procesis monawileebs da sxdomaze damswre pirebs wesrigis dacvis
mizniT mosamarTlis miTiTebis savaldebulobisa da sasamarTlos sxdomaze wesrigis
damrRvevis mimarT SesaZlo RonisZiebebis
Taobaze.
amis Semdeg mowmeebi toveben
sxdomis darbazs.
samoqalaqo saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis mniSvneloba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom igi aris samoqalaqo saqmis gadawyvetis aucilebeli da savaldebuli piroba.
saqmeze gadawyvetilebis miReba ar SeiZleba am saqmis
mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis, mxareTa zepiri Sejibrebis
gareSe, garda erTaderTi gamonaklisisa, rodesac mosamzadebel sxdomaze mopasuxe cnobs sarCels (208-e
376
muxli). sasamarTlos mTavari sxdomis aseTi mniSvnelobidan gamomdinare, samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi sakmaod detalurad gansazRvravs misi Catarebis wesebs.
_ saqmis ganxilva mTavar sxdomaze Tanmimdevrulad mimdinare ramdenime etapisagan Sedgeba. pirveli etapia_ sxdomis gaxsna.
1. Zalian didi mniSvneloba aqvs imas, rom sasamarTlom zustad daicvas mTavari sxdomis daniSvnis Sesaxeb mxareTa da sxva pirTa gamoZaxebis uwyebaSi miTiTebuli dro (dRe, saaTi). sxdoma unda daiwyos im dRes
da im saaTze, rac uwyebaSi iyo miTiTebuli, xolo Tu
es ver xerxdeba, maSin mosamarTle an misi TanaSemwe
zustad am droisaTvis acnobebs mxareebs da sxva pirebs Tu ra mizeziT ar iwyeba procesi daniSnul dros
da ramdeni SeiZleba daagviandes sxdomis gaxsnas.
2. jer kidev sxdomis dawyebis win (sanam sasamarTlo (mosamarTle) Semova sxdomis darbazSi), sxdomis
mdivanma unda Seamowmos gamosaZaxebel pirTagan vin
gamocxadda da arkvevs gamoucxadeblobis mizezebs,
kerZod, CabardaT Tu ara maT uwyeba da aris Tu ara
saqmeSi cnoba amis Sesaxeb, xom ar aris warmodgenili
raime cnoba (magaliTad, avadmyofobis Sesaxeb) gamoucxadeblobis mizezebis Sesaxeb da a. S.
_ gamocxadebulTa vinaobas adgens uSualod mosamarTle. mxareTa da sxva pirTa (mowmis, eqspertis, Tarjimnis) vinaobis dadgenis mizniT, Tu es aucilebelia,
mosamarTles SeuZlia moiTxovos piradobis damadasturebeli sabuTi. Tu saqmeSi monawileobs warmomadgeneli, misi uflebamosilebisa da am uflebamosilebaTa farglebis dadgenis mizniT mosamarTle unda gaecnos mindobilobas, Seamowmos misi gacemis wesi.
_ sasamarTlo sxdomaze wesrigis uzrunvelyofisaTvis didi praqtikuli mniSvneloba eniWeba procesis monawileebisa da sxdomaze damswre pirebis
gafrTxilebas. amisaTvis mosamarTlem unda gaacnos
maT kanonis danawesi, kerZod 211-e da 212-e muxlebis
Sinaarsi (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
377
muxli 211. wesrigis dacvis mizniT

mosamarTlis miTiTebaTa
savaldebulooba
mxareebi, warmomadgenlebi, mowmeebi, specialistebi, Tarjimnebi agreTve sasamarTlos sxdomis darbazSi myofi yvela moqalaqe valdebulia daicvas dadgenili wesi
da usityvod daemorCilos mosamarTlis gankargulebas.
_ sasamarTlo sxdomas (sasamarTlo process) xelmZRvanelobs mosamarTle (kolegiuri sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare). TavisTavad cxadia, rom wesrigi marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis am damagvirgvinebel etapze
unda iyos sanimuSo, miT umetes, rom sxdomis mimdinareobas da gansaxilveli sakiTxebis Tanmimdevrobas
gansazRvravs kodeqsi.
sasamarTlom sagangebod unda gaafrTxilos mxareebi, saqmeSi monawile pirebi da, saerTod, yvela, vinc
eswreba sxdomas, rom isini valdebulni arian usityvod da SekamaTebis gareSe daemorCilon mosamarTlis gankargulebas.
_ `saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos
organuli kanonis me-12 muxlis me-4 nawilis Tanaxmad
sasamarTlo sxdomaze kino da foto gadaReba, audio
da videoCanaweris gakeTeba daSvebulia. magram Tu yovelive es xels uSlis sxdomis muSaobas, procesis normalur warmarTvas, sasamarTlos, mxareTa TxovniT an
Tavisi iniciativiT SeuZlia akrZalos es Tavisi motivirebuli ganCinebiT.
_ valdebuleba daicvas dadgenili wesi da usityvod daemorCilos mosamarTlis gankargulebas, exeba
sasamarTlos sxdomis darbazSi myof yvela pirs _ gamonaklisis gareSe.
378
muxli 212. sasamarTloSi wesrigis

darRvevisaTvis pasuxismgebloba
1. sasamarTloSi wesrigis dacvas uzrunvelyofs sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare, xolo
saqarTvelos uzenaes sasamarTloSi - uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris moadgile. sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazSi wesrigis dacvas uzrunvelyofs sxdomis Tavmjdomare (mosamarTle), romelic uflebamosilia sxdomis darbazSi damswre pirTa
adgilebis gaTvaliswinebiT SezRudos sxdomaze damswreTa raodenoba.
2. sasamarTlo afrTxilebs mxareebs, rom
Tu isini TviTneburad miatoveben sxdomas,
maT mimarT gamotanili iqneba dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba.
3. sasamarTlo sxdomaze wesrigis darRvevis, sxdomis Tavmjdomaris (mosamarTlis)
gankargulebisadmi daumorCileblobis an
sasamarTlos mimarT upativcemulobis SemTxvevaSi sxdomis Tavmjdomares (mosamarTles)
adgilze TaTbiriT gamoaqvs gankarguleba
procesis monawilis an/da sxdomaze damswris dajarimebis an/da sxdomis darbazidan gaZevebis Sesaxeb. Tu gaZevebuli piri
kvlav ganagrZobs wesrigis darRvevas, sasamarTlos mandaturi uzrunvelyofs mis gayvanas sasamarTlodan, amasTanave, mis mimarT
SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes am muxliT
gaTvaliswinebuli jarima an patimroba.
4. Tu sxdomis Tavmjdomaris (mosamarTlis) gankarguleba gaZevebis Sesaxeb exeba
warmomadgenels, saqmis mosmena gadaideba,
garda im SemTxvevisa, roca saqmes Tavidanve
awarmoebda ramdenime warmomadgeneli. advokatis arasaTanado qcevis Sesaxeb sasa379
marTlos gamoaqvs Sesabamisi ganCineba,

romelic egzavneba advokatTa gaerTianebas.
5. piri sxdomis darbazidan gaZevebulad
iTvleba imave instanciis sasamarTloSi am
saqmesTan dakavSirebiT sasamarTlo ganxilvis dasrulebamde. mxaris motivirebuli
Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze sasamarTlo
sxdomis Tavmjdomare (mosamarTle) uflebamosilia gaZevebul pirs misces sxdomaze
dabrunebis SesaZlebloba.
6. sasamarTlo sxdomaze wesrigis damrRvev pirs, maT Soris, gaZevebul pirs, sxdomis Tavmjdomaris (mosamarTlis) gankargulebiT SeiZleba daekisros jarima 50dan 500 laramde odenobiT, razedac gaicema saaRsrulebo furceli. Tu dajarimebuli piri kvlav ganagrZobs wesrigis
darRvevas, sxdomis Tavmjdomares (mosamarTles) SeuZlia dauyovnebliv gazardos
jarimis odenoba am nawiliT gansazRvrul
farglebSi.
7. Tu sasamarTlo sxdomaze piris qmedeba
mimarTulia procesis CaSlisaken an igi gamoxatavs aSkara an/da uxeS upativcemulobas
sasamarTlos (mosamarTlis), procesis monawilis an mxaris mimarT, sxdomis Tavmjdomaris
(mosamarTlis) miTiTebiT sasamarTlos mandaturi uzrunvelyofs piris dakavebas da
dakavebis oqmis Sedgenas, amasTanave, sxdomis Tavmjdomare (mosamarTle) adgens mimarTvas, romelSic aRwers darRvevas da ugzavnis gankargulebis gamocemaze uflebamosil sasamarTlos (mosamarTles). dakavebuli piri dauyonebliv, magram araugvianes
24 saaTisa, unda waredginos im sasamarTlos (mosamarTles), romelsac gaegzavna
mimarTva da romelic uflebamosilia gam380
oitanos gankarguleba am piris 30 dReRamemde vadiT patimrobis Sesaxeb. raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi, sadac ori da
orze meti mosamarTlea, gankarguleba gamoaqvs sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, xolo
Tu darRveva moxda sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris monawileobiT gamarTul sxdomaze,
gankarguleba gamoaqvs mis mier gansazRvrul
sxva mosamarTles. raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi, sadac erTi mosamarTlea, gankarguleba gamoaqvs uaxloesi raionuli
(saqalaqo) sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares. Tu
am nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli darRveva moxda
saqmis magistrati mosamarTlis mier ganxilvisas, gankarguleba gamoaqvs im raionul
(saqalaqo) sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, romlis SemadgenlobaSicaa es magistrati mosamarTle. saapelacio sasamarTloSi gankarguleba gamoaqvs sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, xolo Tu darRveva moxda misi monawileobiT gamarTul sxdomaze, gankarguleba
gamoaqvs saapelacio sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris moadgiles an mis mier gansazRvrul
sxva mosamarTles. saqarTvelos uzenaes sasamarTloSi, garda didi palatisa, gankarguleba gamoaqvs erT-erTi palatis Tavmjdomares. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos did palataSi saqmis ganxilvisas gankarguleba gamoaqvs im mosamarTles, romelic ar monawileobda saqmis ganxilvaSi. dakavebuli piri, Tu amis aucilebloba arsebobs,
SeiZleba gadaeces policias. Tu dapatimrebis Sesaxeb gankarguleba gamotanil iqna
procesis monawilis mimarT. sasamarTlo sxdoma SeiZleba gadaidos aRniSnuli vadiT.
gankarguleba miiReba zepiri mosmenis safuZ-
381
velze, dakavebuli piris wardgenidan dauyonebliv, magram ara ugvianes 24 saaTisa.

8. sasamarTloSi wesrigis darRvevis, sasamarTlos mimarT upativcemulobis an sasamarTlos normaluri funqcionirebisaTvis
xelis SeSlis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos mandaturi uflebamosilia daakavos wesrigis
damrRvevi piri, ris Sesaxebac adgens dakavebis oqms. sasamarTlos mandaturi valdebulia dakavebuli piri dauyovnebliv, magram
ara ugvianes 24 saaTisa, warudginos imave
sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, xolo saqarTvelos uzenaes sasamarTloSi - uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris moadgiles. sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare, xolo saqarTvelos uzenaes sasamarTloSi - uzenaesi sasamarTlos
Tavmjdomaris moadgile dakavebuli piris
wardgenidan dauyovnebliv, magram ara ugvianes 24 saaTisa, uflebamosilia damrRvevi
piris mimarT gamoiyenos am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli uflebamosilebani.
9. am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli dajarimebis an/da sxdomis darbazidan gaZevebis Sesaxeb gankarguleba miiReba zepiri
mosmenis gareSe da ar saCivrdeba.
10. am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli patimrobis Sesaxeb saqmis ganxilvisas sasamarTlo dakavebul pirs acnobebs saqmis ganxilvis drosa da adgils. mxaris gamoucxadebloba ar iwvevs sxdomis gadadebas. saqmis ganxilva iwyeba sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris (mosamarTlis) moxsenebiT, romelic acxadebs, vis mimarT SeiZleba iqnes gamoyenebuli patimroba, saqmis ganxilvis monawile
pirebs ganumartavs maT uflebebsa da movaleobebs, sajarod kiTxulobs wesrigis darRvevis Taobaze Sedgenil mimarTvas da us382
mens saqmis ganxilvaSi monawile pirebs.

zepiri mosmenisas damrRvev pirs/mis damcvels saSualeba eZleva, sasamarTlos warudginos sakuTari mosazrebebi da misces ganmartebebi dakavebis kanonierebisa da pasuxismgeblobis zomis Taobaze. mxareTa
mosmenis Semdeg sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares
(mosamarTles) adgilze TaTbiriT gamoaqvs
gankarguleba patimrobis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb.
gankargulebis gamomtani sasamarTlo (mosamarTle) gankargulebis asls dauyovnebliv
gadascems damrRvev pirs, aseve gankargulebis
asls aRsasruleblad ugzavnis saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa organoebs. dakavebis
vada CaiTvleba patimrobis saerTo vadaSi.
11. patimrobis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb gankarguleba dauyovnebliv Sedis ZalaSi da igi
SeiZleba gaasaCivros pirma, romlis mimarTac gamoyenebul iqna patimroba, saTanado
wesiT misTvis gankargulebis aslis Cabarebidan 48 saaTis vadaSi. Semosul saCivars
sasamarTlo dauyovnebliv ugzavnis Sesabamis sasamarTlos (mosamarTles). pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris an mosamarTlis gankarguleba erTjeradad saCivrdeba saapelacio sasamarTlos TavmjdomaresTan. saapelacio sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris, Tavmjdomaris moadgilis an mosamarTlis gankarguleba erTjeradad saCivrdeba saqarTvelos uzenaes sasamarTlos administraciuli da sxva kategoriis saqmeTa palatis TavmjdomaresTan. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris moadgilis
an palatis, garda didi palatisa, Tavmjdomaris gankarguleba erTjeradad saCivrdeba saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos TavmjdomaresTan. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarT383
los did palataSi wesrigis darRvevis Sesaxeb

mosamarTlis gankarguleba erTjeradad saCivrdeba im mosamarTlesTan, romelic ar
monawileobda saqmis ganxilvaSi. saCivari
ganixileba zepiri mosmenis gareSe da misi
ganxilvis vada saCivris Setanidan 24 saaTs
ar unda aRematebodes.
SeniSvna:
jarimis nebayoflobiTi aRsrulebisaTvis
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili
vadis gasvlis Semdeg, am muxlis safuZvelze dajarimebul pirs jarimasTan erTad daericxeba sauravi:
a) 150 laris odenobiT - 50-dan 250
laramde dajarimebis SemTxvevaSi;
b) 300 laris odenobiT - 250-dan 500
laramde dajarimebis SemTxvevaSi.
ssk 212-e muxli ganekuTvneba im muxlebis kategorias, romlebSic yvelaze xSirad Sedis cvlilebebi da
damatebebi. sakmarisia iTqvas, rom 2006 wlis ivlisSi da
dakemberSi orjer Sevida am muxlSi aseTi cvlileba.
kanonmdeblis mxriv am muxlisadmi aseTi didi interesi SeiZleba ori garemoebiT aixsnas: an es norma,
miuxedavad masSi Setanili mravalricxovani cvlilebisa, mainc ar aris srulyofili da amitom ver iZleva
sasurvel efeqts, an sasamarTloebi jerovnad ver iyeneben mas.
rogorc Cans, aucilebelia gairkves am normis
araefeqtianobis namdvili mizezebi, risTvisac saWiro
iqneba ganzogaddes rogorc misi, ise masTan dakavSirebuli sxva muxlebis sasamarTloebis mier gamoyenebis
praqtika.
amitom, komentaris avtorebma miiRes gadawyvetileba gaanalizon am TvalsazrisiT sasamarTlo praqtika
da miRebuli Sedegebi, Sesabamisi rekomendaciebiTa da
winadadebebiT gamoaqveynon calke naSromis saxiT,
384
rogorc es Tavis droze gakeTda iuridiuli faqtebis

udavo warmoebis wesiT dadgenis praqtikis mimarT29.
amjerad ki, 212-e muxlTan dakavSirebiT mizanSewonilad migvaCnia sasamarTloebis yuradReba mivaqcioT Semdeg garemoebaze:
1. 212-e muxlis pirveli nawili erTmaneTisagan
mijnavs sasamarTloSi wesrigs da sxdomis darbazSi
wesrigs. aqve miTiTebulia, Tu romel mosamarTles
(Tavmjdomares, moadgiles) evaleba wesrigis uzrunvelyofa sasamarTloSi anu sasamarTlos SenobaSi saerTod da romels sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazSi.
2. dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gamotanil iqnes mxolod iseT SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mxare
TviTneburad, e.i. sasamarTlos (mosamarTlis) nebarTvis gareSe miatovebs sxdomas (me-2 nawili) magram ara
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mxare gaZevebuli iqna sxdomis darbazidan wesrigis darRvevis gamo. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos gadawyvetileba saqmis masalebis mixedviT.
3. gankarguleba procesis monawilis an sxdomaze
damswre piris dajarimebis an sxdomidan gaZevebis
Sesaxeb gamoaqvs sxdomis Tavmjdomares (mosamarTles).
(me-3 nawili).
4. Tu sxdomidan gaaZeves mxaris warmomadgeneli (advokati), sxdoma unda gadaidos, Tu Sesabamisi mxaris
interesebs erTdroulad ramdenime warmomadgeneli
ar awarmoebda. (me-4 nawili).
5. am muxlis me-7 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebis arsebobisas, piri SeiZleba dapatimrebuli
iqnes 30 dRe-Ramemde vadiT.
dapatimrebis Sesaxeb gankarguleba gamoaqvs ara im
sasamarTlo sxdomis Tavmjdomares (mosamarTles),
romelmac Seadgina mimarTva, aramed im sasamarTlos
(mosamarTles), romelsac gaegzavna mimarTva. gankar29
T.liluaSvili, v. xrustali, saqarTvelos uzenaesi

sasamarTlos praqtika udavo warmoebis wesiT iuridiuli
faqtebis dadgenis Sesaxeb. g-ba sani, Tb. 2003.
385
guleba dapatimrebis Sesaxeb SeuZlia gamoitanos amave

raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos sxva mosamarTlem,
xolo, im raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi, sadac erTi
mosamarTlea, gankarguleba gamoaqvs uaxloesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares (me-7 nawili).
6. am muxlis me-8 nawili gulisxmobs wesrigis darRvevas ara sasamarTlo sxdomaze (me-7 nawili), aramed
sasamarTloSi. es imas niSnavs, rom sxdomis gareTac sasamarTlos SenobaSi, pirma SeiZleba Caidinos iseTi
moqmedeba, romelic gamoxatavs sasamarTlos mimarT
upativcemulobas an xels uSlis sasamarTlos normalur funqcionirebas. aseTi piris mimarTac SeiZleba
gamoyenebul iqnes patimroba 30 dRe-Ramemde vadiT.
7. patimrobis Sesaxeb saqmis ganxilvisas daculi
unda iqnes am muxlis me-10 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli
wesebi.
8. gankarguleba patimrobis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb
dauyovnebliv Sedis ZalaSi, magram igi SeiZleba gasaCivrdes im wesiT, rac dadgenilia 212-e muxlis me-11
nawiliT.
muxli 213. TarjimnisaTvis misi

movaleobis ganmarteba
1. sasamarTlo ganumartavs Tarjimans mis
movaleobas, Targmnos im pirTa ganmartebebi, Cvenebebi, gancxadebebi, romlebic ar
floben samarTalwarmoebis enas, xolo am
pirebs uTargmnos ganmartebaTa, CvenebaTa,
gancxadebaTa, sasamarTloSi gamoqveynebul
dokumentTa Sinaarsi, agreTve sasamarTlos gankargulebebi, ganCinebebi da gadawyvetilebebi.
2. sasamarTlo afrTxilebs Tarjimans, rom
Segnebulad araswori TargmanisaTvis igi
pasuxs agebs sisxlis samarTlis wesiT.
3. Tu Tarjimani ar gamocxaddeba sasa386
marTloSi arasapatio mizeziT, an Tavs aaridebs movaleobis Sesrulebas, igi SeiZleba dajarimdes 50 lariT.
1. samarTalwarmoeba xorcieldeba saxelmwifo enaze, xolo Tu mxarem ar icis saxelmwifo ena, mas mieCineba Tarjimani (me-9 muxli). Tarjimani monawileobs saqmis ganxilvaSi sasamarTlo sxdomis sawyisi etapidan,
radgan mxarem unda icodes yvelaferi, rac xdeba sxdomaze misi dawyebidan damTavrebamde.
_ mosamarTle ver Secvlis Tarjimans, e. i. man kidec rom icodes is ena, romelic icis mxarem, Tarjimani mainc unda iqnes mowveuli.
_ piris Tarjimnad mowvevis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba mxareTa mosazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
2. mosamarTle yovelTvis valdebulia gaafrTxilos Tarjimani, rom Segnebulad araswori TargmnisaTvis igi pasuxs agebs saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis 370-e muxlis mixedviT.
3. Tarjimnis sasamarTloSi gamoucxadeblobisaTvis
sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgebloba araa gaTvaliswinebuli, magram masze SeiZleba sazogadoebrivi zemoqmedebis RonisZiebis gatareba da dajarimeba 50 lariT.
_ TarjimnisaTvis gadasaxdeli Tanxis odenobis gansazRvra xdeba 45-e muxlis Sesabamisad (ix. am muxlis
komentari). am Tanxis anazRaureba ki xdeba saxelmwifo biujetis xarjze (`saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~
kanonis me-10 muxli).

Semadgenlobis gamocxadeba da
acilebis uflebis ganmarteba
Tavmjdomare (mosamarTle) acxadebs sasamarTlo Semadgenlobas, agreTve imas, Tu
vin monawileobs eqspertad, specialistad,
387
Tarjimnad, sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivnad da

ganumartavs mxareebs, rom maT SeuZliaT
ganacxadon acileba, Tu aseTi acileba sapatiod cnobili mizeziT ar iyo gancxadebuli saqmis mosamzadebel stadiaze, an Tu
saqmes ixilavs sxva mosamarTle anda sxva
sasamarTlo Semadgenloba da ara is, romelic cnobili iyo am saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis momzadebis dros.
_ acilebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba dasaSvebia mxolod
saqmis momzadebis stadiaze. saqmis mTavar sxdomaze
ganxilvis dros acilebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba SeiZleba
Tu: a) arsebobs sapatio mizezi, ris gamoc acileba ar
iyo gancxadebuli saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, an b)
saqmes ixilavs sxva mosamarTle an sxva sasamarTlo Semadgenloba.
_ mas Semdeg, rac gansazRvruli iqneba mosamarTle,
romelmac erTpirovnulad unda ganixilos, an kolegiis Semadgenloba, romelmac kolegiurad unda ganixilos saqme, isini valdebulni arian awarmoon saqme samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT.
es imas niSnavs, rom mosamarTles SeuZlia ganacxados
TviTacileba. SeiZleba mxareebma ganacxadon acileba,
magram Tu acileba an TviTacileba ar iqneba dakmayofilebuli an, saerTod, gancxadebuli, saqme swored im mosamarTlem Tu sasamarTlos Semadgenlobam unda ganixilos da gadawyvitos, visac es saqme gadaeca.
_ aravis aqvs ufleba, garda TviTacilebisa da acilebisa, sxva gziT Camoacilos mosamarTle saqmis ganxilvas da Secvalos igi sxva mosamarTliT, Tu ara iseTi obieqturi garemoeba, rogoricaa misi avadmyofoba, gardacvaleba an sxva iseTi garemoeba, romelic
ar aZlevs mosamarTles saSualebas Seasrulos Tavisi
samsaxurebrivi movaleoba.
388
muxli 215. mxareTa Suamdgomlobebisa da gancxadebebis ganxilva

1. sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisas Suamdgomloba sasamarTlos waredgineba werilobiTi formiT, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac mxare axali arsebiTi garemoebis safuvelze Suamdgomlobas daayenebs sasamarTlo sxdomaze. Suamdgomloba unda iyos
dasabuTebuli, masSi konkretulad unda
mieTiTos moTxovna da misi argumentacia,
romelic unda Seexebodes mxolod im garmoebebs, romlebsac uSualo kavSiri aqvs
SuamdgomlobaSi dasmul moTxovnasTan. erTgvarovani Suamdgomlobebi sasamarTlos
erTad waredgineba. Tu mosamarTle miiCnevs, rom Suamdgomlobis dayeneba emsaxureba procesis gaWianurebas, igi xsnis am
Suamdgomlobas. Tu mosamarTle miiCnevs, rom
mxare procesis gaWianurebis mizniT ayenebs
Suamdgomlobebs, igi mxareebs arTmevs Suamdgomlobebis dayenebis uflebas da gadadis saqmis ganxilvis Semdeg stadiaze.
2. mxareTa da maT warmomadgenelTa Suamdgomlobebi da gancxadebebi axal mtkicebulebaTa warmodgenis an gamoTxovis
Sesaxeb sasamarTlom SeiZleba ganixilos
mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saqmis mosamzadebel stadiaze mxares ar SeeZlo maTi
warmodgena, agreTve Tu maT Sesaxeb misTvis obieqturi mizezebiT ver iqneboda
cnobili da maTi warmodgenis safuZveliwarmoiSva mTavar sxdomaze, an Tu mxarem
sapatio mizeziT ver uzrunvelyo Sesabamisi Suamdgomlobebisa da gancxadebebis
warmodgena saqmis mosamzadebel stadiaze.
aseT SemTxvevaSi saqmis ganxilva mxareTa
389
TxovniT an sasamarTlos iniciativiT SeiZleba gadaidos.

3. am muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul sapatio mizezad CaiTvleba mxaris mier
Suamdgomlobisa da gancxadebis warmodgenis SeuZlebloba, rac gamowveulia avadmyofobiT, axlo nTesavis gardacvalebiT
an sxva gansakuTrebuli obieqturi garemoebiT, rac misgan damokidebeli mizeziT
SeuZlebels xdis Suamdgomlobisa da gancxadebis warmodgenas. avadmyofoba dadasturebuli unda iqnes samedicino dawesebulebis xelmZRvanelis mier xelmowerili
dokumentiT, romelic pirdapir miuTiTebs
sasamarTlo procesze gamocxadebis SeuZleblobaze.
1. 215-e muxlis pirveli nawili ramdenime praqtikuli sakiTxis gadawyvetas emsaxureba:
pirveli - Suamdgomlobebi sasamarTlos waredgineba werilobiTi formiT;
meore - Tu Suamdgomlobebi aRiZvris sasamarTlo
sxdomaze maSin isini SeiZleba waredginos sasamarTlos zepiri formiT, rac Seitaneba sxdomis oqmSi;
mesame - erTgvarovani Suamdgomlobebi SeiZleba
erTad waredginos sasamarTlos (rac ar gamoricxavs
maT gancalkevebiT wardgenasac). erTgvarovnad SeiZleba CaiTvalos Suamdgomlobebi, romlebic erTgvarovan faqtobriv an samarTlebriv safuZvlebs emyareba. magaliTad, Suamdgomlobebi, romlebic mosamarTlisa da eqspertis acilebas moiTxovs;
meoTxe - Suamdgomloba, damoukideblad imisa zepiri Tu werilobiTi formiTaa igi warmodgenili - dasabuTebuli (motivirebuli) unda iyos. masSi naTlad da
garkveviT unda iyos miTiTebuli ras moiTxovs da ris
safuZvelze moiTxovs.
magaliTad, Tu mxare Tavisi SuamdgomlobiT moiTx390
ovs mosamarTlis acilebas, man unda miuTiTos faqtobrivi garemoebebi, romlebsac kanoni ukavSirebs acilebas (29-e, 31-e muxlebi), Tu mxare Suamdgomlobs
mowmis gamoZaxebaze da dakiTxvaze, man unda miuTiTos
Tu ra garemoebis dadastureba SeuZlia mas (140-e muxli) da a.S.
mexuTe - sasamarTlom yovelTvis mtkiced da
ganuxrelad unda ebZrolos saqmis ganxilva-gadawyvetis gaWianurebis mcdelobas. amitom, mxaris yovelgvari Suamdgomloba, romelic mimarTulia saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebisaken, sasamarTlom arc unda ganixilos. magaliTad, gadawyvetilebis gamosatanad sasamarTlos saTaTbiro oTaxSi gasvlis win mxare Suamdgomlobs sasamarTlos winaSe, rom gadados saqmis ganxilva, raTa aiyvanos advokati (an mowmis saxiT gamouZaxos ama Tu im pirs, an daniSnos eqspertiza da a.S.). aseTi Suamdgomlobebi aSkarad mimarTulia saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebisaken, radgan aranairi axali garemoebebi ar warmoSobila da aseTi Suamdgomlobebis dayeneba mas SeeZlo jer kidev momzadebis stadiaze da,
miT ufro, sasamarTlo sxdomis gaxsnis stadiaze.
2. 215-e muxlis me-2 nawili azrisa da Sinaarsis Tanaxmad sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze dauSvebelia raime
werilobiTi Tu nivTieri mtkicebulebebis wardgena,
raime Suamdgomlobebisa Tu gancxadebebis aRZvra, sarCelis Secvla an sasarCelo moTxovnis gadideba, mowmis dasaxeleba da a.S.
magram, ukidures SemTxvevaSi, aseTi SuamdgomlobebiT Tu gancxadebebiT mimarTva dasaSvebia mTavari sxdomis gaxsnis etapze (stadiaze), e.i. sanam sasamarTlo gadavidodes saqmis arsebiTad ganxilvaze,
sanam daiwyebodes sxdomis meore etapi - saqmis ganxilva (217-e muxli).
sasamarTloebma mxedvelobaSi unda miiRon is garemoebac, rom am etapzec, e.i. mTavari sxdomis gaxsnis
etapzec, raime axali mtkicebulebebi, Suamdgomlobebi, gancxadebebi, SeiZleba miiRos da ganixilos sasa391
marTlom mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu isini warmodgenili da aRZruli ar iyo am saqmis momzadebis stadiaze
sapatio mizeziT, romlis damtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba axali mtkicebulebebis warmomdgens Tu Suamdgomlobebis aRmZvrel mxares; Tu es mxare ver daamtkicebs sapatio mizezis arsebobas, sasamarTlo saerTod
ar miiRebs da ar ganixilavs am mxaris Suamdrgomlobebs.
axali mtkicebulebebis miRebaze Tu gamoTxovaze,
an gancxadebebisa da Suamdgomlobebis miRebaze, ganxilvaze an dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmas ar SeiZleba moyves saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba. sasamarTlom unda
gaagrZelos saqmis ganxilva da gamoitanos gadawyvetileba. mxares SeuZlia aseTi uaris Tqmis aramarTlzomierebis Sesaxeb miuTiTos Tavis saapelacio
(sakasacio) saCivarSi (377-e da 407-e muxlebi).
saqmis ganxilva SeiZleba gadaidos mxolod erT
SemTxvevaSi Tu mxares hqonda sapatio mizezi, ris
gamoc droulad ver warmoadgina axali mtkicebulebebi da ver aRZra Sesabamisi Suamdgomlobebi.
3. am muxlis me-3 nawili Seicavs sapatio mizezebis
sanimuSo da imavdroulad araamomwurav
CamonaTvals, romlebsac SeeZloT dabrkoleba SeeqmnaT mxarisaTvis gancxadebebisa da Suamdgomlobebis
sasamarTlosaTvis droulad wardgenisaTvis. es mizezebia: a) mxaris avadmyofoba, rac unda dadasturdes
samedicino dawesebulebis xelmZRvanelis xelmowerili dokumentiT da b) axlo naTesavis gardacvalebiT.
aq miTiTebulia agreTve sxva obieqtur garemoebebzec, romlebsac SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT cnobili stiqiuri movlenebi, xangrZlivi mivlineba, sasamarTlos
reorganizacia da sxva, romlebsac SeeZloT xeli SeeSalaT mxarisaTvis droulad waredgina sasamarTloSi
Suamdgomlobebi, mtkicebulebebi, gancxadebebi.
392
muxli 216. saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba

da gagrZeleba
1. saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba dasaSvebia
mxolod kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi. saqmis ganxilva misi gadadebis SemTxvevaSi grZeldeba im stadiidan, romelzedac igi gadaido. sasamarTlo agreTve
uflebamosilia saqmis ganxilva gaagrZelos im stadiidan, romelsac mizanSewonilad
miiCnevs.
2. Tu mowme, eqsperti da specialisti ar
gamocxaddnen, sasamarTlos mxareTa azris
mosmenis Semdeg gamoaqvs ganCineba sasamarTlo ganxilvis gagrZelebisa da gamoucxadebel pirTa mimarT zomebis miRebis an
sasamarTlo ganxilvis gadadebis Sesaxeb.
sasamarTlo ganxilva grZeldeba, Tu aRniSnul pirTa gamoucxadebloba xels ar uSlis saqmis garemoebaTa yovelmxriv, srul
da obieqtur gamokvlevas.
3. sasamarTlo saqmis ganxilvis gadadebisas daniSnavs axali sasamarTlo sxdomis dRes
da amis Sesaxeb acnobebs sasamarTlo procesze gamocxadebul pirebs, rasac isini
adastureben xelis moweriT. gamoucxadebel
da saqmeSi axalCabmul pirebs axali sasamarTlo sxdomis dRe ecnobebaT am kodeqsis
70-e-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesebiT.
4. mxareTa Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi mosamarTles SeZlia ganixilos saqme an/da miiRos gadawyvetileba arasamuSao dros, maT
Soris, dasvenebisa da uqme dReebSi.
1. saqmis winaswari sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis momzadebis stadia arsebobs imisaTvis, rom ar gaxdes
saWiro saqmis ganxilvis, anu sasamarTlos mTvari sx393
domis sxva droisaTvis gadadeba da saqme ganxilul

iqnes erT sxdomaze da, Tu SesaZlebelia, Sesvenebis
gareSe.
miuxedavad amisa, zogjer saWiro da mizanSewonili
xdeba saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba, roca amas iTvaliswinebs kanoni.
- am muxlis pirveli nawili erTmaneTisagan mijnavs
saqmis ganxilvis gadadebas da saqmis ganxilvis gagrZelebas.
saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba - esaa am saqmis ganxilvisaTvis axali sxdomis sxva droisaTvis daniSvna.
aqedan gamomdinare, arasworia uwodoT saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba (rogorc amas zogjer SevxvdebiT praqtikaSi) iseT SemTxvevas, rodesac saqmis ganxilva erT
dRes (erT sxdomaze) ver mTavrdeba da amitom grZeldeba momdevno an sxva dRes. sinamdvileSi, es iqneba
ara gadadeba, aramed saqmis ganxilvis gagrZeleba sxva
dRes, an kidev Sesvenebis gamocxadeba sxva dromde.
saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba dasaSvebia mxolod kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi (190-e, 229-e, 233-e
da sxva muxlebi), magram es imas ar niSnavs, rom sxva
SemTxvevaSi gadadeba dauSvebelia. magaliTad, Tu mowmed dabarebuli piri ar gamocxadda sxdomaze, sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadginos misi iZulebiTi moyvana
(145-e muxli). cxadia, rom Tu sasamarTlom aseTi gadawyvetileba miiRo, man unda gadados saqmis ganxilva sxva droisaTvis. aseve, Tu mesame pirma damoukidebeli moTxovniT aRZra sarCeli davis saganze, mxareTa
paeqrobis dawyebis win (188-e muxli) da sasamarTlom
miiRo warmoebaSi sarCeli, es SeiZleba gaxdes saqmis
ganxilvis gadadebis safuZveli da a.S.
_saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba dasaSvebia rogorc mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT, ise sasamarTlos iniciativiT.
cxadia, sasamarTlom ar unda dauSvas saqmis ganxilvis
gadadeba, Tu amas miznad aqvs saqmis ganxilvis gaWianureba.
- am muxlis pirveli nawilis danawesis mixedviT gada394
debis Semdeg saqmis ganxilva gagrZeldeba im stadiidan, romelzec igi gadaido, magram sasamarTlos
ufleba eniWeba gadauxvios am wess da TviTon gansazRvros Tu romeli stadiidan gaagrZelos saqmis
ganxilva.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad mowmis, eqspertis, specialistis gamoucxadeblobis miuxedavad, sasamarTlos SeuZlia ar gadados am saqmis ganxilva da gamoitanos gadawyvetileba mxolod erTi pirobiT: Tu
maTi gamoucxadebloba, xels ar uSlis saqmis garemoebaTa yovelmxriv, srul da obieqtur gamokvlevas. sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb SeiZleba Tu ara saqmis garemoebaTa
yovelmxrivi, sruli da obieqturi gamokvleva mowmis,
eqspertisa da specialistis gareSe - gadawyvets sasamarTlo mxareTa mosazrebebis mosmenis Semdeg.
3. Tu sasamarTlom daadgina saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba, igi valdebulia daniSnos dRe axali sxdomisaTvis
imave ganCinebiT, romliTac am saqmis ganxilva gadaido.
amis Sesaxeb sasamarTlom maSinve unda acnobos sasamarTloze gamocxadebul pirebs da afrTxilebs maT
axal daniSvnul sxdomaze gamoucxadeblobis Sedegebis Sesaxeb danarCenebs ki acnobebs axali sxdomis dRis
Sesaxeb 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.
4. arasamuSao dros da, miT ufro, dasvenebisa da
uqme dReebSi raime saproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba
principulad dauSvebelia, magram rogorc gamonaklisi es dasaSvebia mxolod orive mxaris TanxmobiT.
5. saqmis ganxilvis gadadebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos
gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelic SeiZleba Setanil iqnes
oqmSi (284-e muxli). am saoqmo ganCinebaSi miTiTebuli
unda iyos saqmis ganxilvis gadadebis safuZveli, axali sxdomis Catarebis dRe da saaTi, axali saproceso
moqmedebaTa Sesrulebis dro, im pirTa xelmowerebi,
romlebic eswrebian sxdomas da maTi gafrTxilebis
Sesaxeb gamoucxadeblobis Sedegebis Taobaze.
am ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba.
395
muxli 217. saqmis ganxilvis dawyeba

1. saqmis arsebiTad ganxilva iwyeba mosamarTlis mier saqmeze moxsenebiT, romelic
unda emyarebodes mxareTa mier warmodgenil masalebs, xolo Tu am saqmeze Catarda
mosamzadebeli sxdoma agreTve am sxdomis
masalebsa da oqms. mosamarTlem unda Camoayalibos mosarCelis (ganmcxadeblis) moTxovnis arsi, faqtebi, romlebic safuZvlad
daedo am moTxovnas, mopasuxis Sesagebeli,
faqtebi, romlebzedac ar davoben mxareebi,
da is faqtebic, romlebic sadavoa, agreTve
mxareebis mier warmodgenili mtkicebulebebi, romlebic daerTvis saqmes. mosamarTlis mier saqmis moxsenebis Semdeg iwyeba
mxareTa axsna-ganmartebebis mosmena.
2. pirvelad sasamarTlo moismens mosarCelisa da mis mxareze monawile mesame piris
axsna-ganmartebebs, kerZod, rogoria misi
moTxovna, ra garemoebebs emyareba igi da
riT adasturebs am garemoebebs, kvlav uWers
Tu ara mxars am moTxovnas da uars xom ar
ambobs sarCelze, xom ar surs saqmis morigebiT damTarveba da sxva.
3. Semdeg sasamarTlo moismens mopasuxisa
da mis mxareze monawile mesame piris axsnaganmartebebs, kerZod, rogoria misi Sesagebeli, xom ar cnobs sarCels, an xom ar surs
saqmis morigebiT damTavreba da sxva.
_ mas Semdeg, rac ganxiluli iqneba mxareTa da maT
warmomadgenelTa yvela Suamdgomloba, gancxadeba,
mosazreba da sasamarTlo miva im daskvnamde, rom ar
arsebobs saqmis ganxilvis gadadebis safuZveli, daiwyeba meore etapi _ saqmis arsebiTad ganxilva.
- saqmis arsebiTad ganxilva iwyeba mosamarTlis
396
moxsenebiT mosamarTlem saqmis masalebze dayrdnobiT unda Camoayalibos:

a) mosarCelis moTxovnis Sinaarsi da xasiaTi sasarCelo gancxadebis mixedviT;
b) garemoebebi, romlebzec mosarCele amyarebs Tavis moTxovnas (mtkicebis sagani);
g) mopasuxis Sesageblis Sinaarsi da xasiaTi;
d) faqtebi, romlebic safuZvlad udevs mopasuxis
Sesagebels;
e) faqtebi, romlebzec ar davoben mxareebi da
faqtebi, romlebic sadavoa;
v) mtkicebulebebi, romlebic warmodgenilia mxareebis mier am sadavo faqtebis dasadastureblad;
mosamarTlis moxsenebaSi SeiZleba miTiTebuli iyos
sxva iseT garemoebebzec, romlebsac aqvT mniSvneloba
am saqmisaTvis da piradad mxareebisaTvis. magaliTad,
Tu mopasuxem, miuxedavad sasamarTlos gafrTxilebisa, ar warmoadgina werilobiTi Sesagebeli (201-e muxli) amis Sesaxeb unda iTqvas moxsenebaSi da a.S.
2. amis Semdeg sasamarTlo sityvas axsna-ganmartebisaTvis aZlevs mxareebs, pirvelad sityva eZleva mosarCeles da mis mxareze monawile mesame pirs, Semdeg
ki sasamarTlo moismens mopasuxisa da mis mxareze
monawile mesame piris axsna-ganmartebebs.
axsna-ganmartebis win mosamarTlem unda ganumartos
mxareebs rom maT ar gaimeoron is, rac ukve iTqva mosamarTlis mier, aramed aRniSnon Tu raime aqvT dasamatebeli an dasazustebeli da ramdenad sworad iyo gagebuli da gadmocemuli maTi moTxovnisa da Sesageblis arsi
da Sinaarsi da, Tu es saWiroa, korektireba gaukeTon mosamarTlis moxsenebas, moiTxovon misi dazusteba.
- mxareTa axsna-ganmarteba, mowmis Cvenebisagan gansxvavebiT, ori nawilisagan Sedgeba. pirveli - esaa mxaris mosazreba, misi Sexeduleba saqmis arsze mTlianad, romelic emyareba saqmeSi arsebul masalebs da
kanons. meore - esaa mxaris Cveneba saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone ama Tu im garemoebis Sesaxeb, romlis
397
uSualo mxilveli (mowme) TviTonaa, an romlis Sesaxeb

cnobebi mas gaaCnia. am TvalsazrisiT mxaris axsna-ganmarteba Zalian hgavs mowmis Cvenebas da amitom igi,
rogorc mtkicebis damoukidebeli saSualebis wyaro,
Seuclelia, mis axsna-ganmartebas am nawilSi ver Secvlis advokatic (127-e muxli).
- mosarCelem sagangebo yuradReba unda dauTmos im
garemoebebis dadasturebas, romlebsac emyareba. man
unda miuTiTos, Tu romeli faqtebis Sesaxeb ar davobs,
an romel faqtebs aRiarebs, xolo romelsac ar aRiarebs,
riT adasturebs mas. mis mxareze monawile mesame pirma
yovelnairad unda Seuwyos xeli mosarCeles procesis
mogebaSi, risTvisac man unda miuTiTos da daadasturos
Tavisi pozicia mtkicebulebaTa moSveliebiT.
3. igive wesiT unda Camoayalibos Tavisi axsna-ganmarteba mopasuxemac. Tu man werilobiT warudgina sasamarTlos Tavisi Sesagebeli, maSin rac SeiZleba mokled
unda Seexos am Sesagebels im TvalsazrisiT, Tu raime
sworad ver gaigo mosamarTlem, agreTve miuTiTos romeli faqtebis Sesaxeb ar davobs, romeli faqtebi SeiZleba CaiTvalos damtkicebulad da romeli ara da a.S.
mxareebs SeiZleba miscen SekiTxvebi 221-e muxliT
dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlis komentari).
4. mxareTa gamosvlis Semdeg sityva eZleva maT warmomadgenlebs, pirvelad sasamarTlo moismens mosarCelis warmomadgenlis gamosvlas, xolo Semdeg mopasuxis warmomadgenlis gamosvlas. am warmomadgenelTa gamosvla unda efuZnebodes saqmis masalebs da mxareTa mier zepirad gakeTebul axsna-ganmartebebs. maT
gamosvlaSi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania saqmis samarTlebrivi analizi, im faqtebis iuridiuli Sefaseba, romlebic maTi azriT dadasturebulia saqmeSi arsebuli mtkicebulebebiT. saqmis masalebisa da
kanonmdeblobis analizis safuZvelze warmomadgenlis (advokatis) mier warmoTqmuli mosazreba aris misi
daskvna mTlianad saqmis an calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesaxeb.
398
muxli 2171. magistrat mosamarTleTa

gansjadi samoqalaqo saqmeebis
ganxilva
1. magistrat mosamarTleTa gansjadi samoqalaqo saqmeebi ganixileba daCqarebuli
wesiT.
2. saqmis arsebiTi ganxilva iwyeba mosamarTlis mier saqmeze moxsenebiT, rac unda
Seexebodes sadavo faqtobriv garemoebebs.
saqmis
moxsenebis Semdeg mosamarTles
ufleba aqvs mxareebs dausvas SekiTxvebi,
romlebic xels Seuwyobs saqmisaTvis mniSvnelovan faqtobriv garemoebaTa dadgenas
da am garemoebebis damadasturebeli mtkicebulebebis gamokvlevas. sasamarTlos
nebarTviT TiToeul mxares SeuZlia SekiTxva dausvas mowinaaRmdege mxares da
mis warmomadgenels sadavo faqtobriv garemoebebTan dakavSirebiT. mtkicebulebaTa
gamoqyeyneba ar aris savaldebulo. saqmis
ganxilva mTavrdeba mxareTa paeqrobiT da
replikiT.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, magistrat
mosamarTleTa gansjadi saqmeebi, - miuxedavad imisa, Tu romeli mosamarTle ixilavs mas - uSualod magistrati mosamarTle, Tu raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos sxva mosamarTle, roca ama Tu im administraciul teritoriul erTeulSi ar moqmedebs magistrati mosamarTle, an misi aryofnis SemTxvevaSi
(me-13 muxlis me-3 naw.) - ganixileba daCqarebuli
wesiT.
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi ar icnobs da ar gansazRvravs daCqarebulad saqmeTa
ganxilvis wesebs. amitom, am muxlis pirveli nawilis
danawesi unda gavigoT rogorc survili an mowode399
ba, romelic kargi iqneba Tu gavrceldeba aramarto

magistrati mosamarTlis gansjad saqmeebze, aramed
saerTod yvela kategoriis saqmeebze da yvela instanciis sasamarTloebze.
sasamarTloebSi saqmeTa droulad (daCqarebulad) ganxilvis erTaderTi garantiaa samoqalaqo
saqmeTa sasamarTloSi warmoebis ssk-iT dadgenili
wesebis zustad da ganuxrelad dacva. amitom, sasamarTloebma swored am wesebis dacviT saqmeTa ganxilvas unda miaqcion mTavari yuradReba.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili principulad ar gansxavdeba 217-e muxliT gansazRvruli samoqalaqo saqmeTa
ganxilvis wesisagan. ori garemoeba iqcevs mxolod
yuradRebas: erTi - saqmis moxsenebis Semdeg mosamarTles SeuZlia mxareebs dausvas SekiTxvebi, ise rom
jer ar mousminos maT axsna-ganmartebas, da meore saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebaTa gamoqveyneba ar aris
savaldebulo.
amasTan dakavSirebiT SeiZleba aRiniSnos Semdegi:
pirveli - sasamarTloSi mxareTa gamoZaxeba warmoebs
axsna-ganmartebis misaRebad. sasamarTlo sxdomaze
gamocxadebul mxares sruli ufleba aqvs misces sasamarTlos axsna-ganmarteba da aravis, maT Soris saqmis
ganmxilvel mosamarTles ufleba ar aqvs waarTvas mxares es ufleba.
rac Seexeba mosamarTlis SekiTxvebs mxareebisadmi, agreTve mxareTa SekiTxvebs erTmaneTis mimarT,
aseT SekiTxvebs SeiZleba hqondeT erTaderTi mizani
Seavsos xarvezi, romelic yovelTvis axlavs Tavisufali TxrobiT mxaris an mowmis mier gadmocemul axsna-ganmartebas da Cvenebas (ix. 222-e muxlis komentari).
meore - saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebaTa gamoqveyneba sasamarTlo sxdomaze araa savaldebulo arc magistrati mosamarTlis gansjadi saqmeebis da arc sxva
kategoriis saqmeTa ganxilvis dros.
amasTan erTad, nebismieri saqmis ganxilva
mTavrdeba mxareTa paeqrobiT da replikiT.
400
muxli 218. moqmedeba, romelsac

asrulebs mosamarTle mxareTa
morigebis mizniT
1. sasamarTlom yovelnairad unda Seuwyos xeli da miiRos kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli yvela zoma, raTa mxareebma saqme
morigebiT daamTavron.
2. mosamarTles SeuZlia miuTiTos davis
gadawyvetis SesaZlo Sedegebze da mxareebs
SesTavazos morigebis pirobebi.
1. jer kidev saqmis mozadebis stadiaze mosamarTles evaleba miiRos yvela zoma mxareTa morigebisaTvis, magram Tu es maSin ver moxerxda, man kvlav unda
miiRos Sesabamisi zomebi maTi morigebisaTvis mTavar
sxdomaze. mxareTa morigeba - esaa urTierTdaTmobis
gziT mxareTa Soris dadebuli g arigeba, romelic axleburad gansazRvravs maT uflebebsa da movaleobebs.
faqtiurad mxareTa morigebiT saqmis damTavreba niSnavs mxareTa Soris wamoWrili davis TviT am mxareebis
mier gadawyvetas, rac yovelTvis da yvelgan iTvleboda davis gadawyvetis yvelaze saukeTeso formad.
saqme isaa, rom morigebiT saqmis damTavrebis SemTxvevaSi xdeba davis (konfliqtis) aramarto iuridiulad, aramed faqtobrivadac gadawyveta, maSin rodesac sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT dava ki gadawydeba
iuridiulad erTxel da samudamod, magram faqtiurad
mxareTa Soris wamoWrili dava SeiZleba gagrZeldes da
zogjer kidev ufro gamwvavdes, gansakuTrebiT rodesac sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba araa sakmaod dasabuTebuli da damajerebeli.
2. am muxlis meore nawili pirdapir miuTiTebs sasamarTlos aqtiur rolze mxareTa morigebis mizniT. es
imas niSnavs, rom sasamarTlom damajereblad unda
ganumartos mxareebs saqmis morigebiT damTavrebis
upiratesobaze, mizanSewonilobaze da misi orive mx401
arisaTvis xelsayrelobaze. SesTavazos maT morigebis pirobebi da amiT moaxdinos maTze saWiro zemoqmedeba am TvalsazrisiT.
rac Seexeba davis gadawyvetis SesaZlo Sedegebze
miTiTebas, aq mosamarTlem unda gamoiCinos gansakuTrebuli sifrTxile: mxare SeiZleba ar wavides
morigebaze, Tu mosamarTlem ganacxada (miuTiTa) rom
dava SeiZleba gadawydes ama Tu im mxaris sasargeblod
an sarCeli SeiZleba dakmayofildes mTlianad an nawilobriv da da.S. arc morigebis win da arc morigebis
Semdeg SeiZleba ar iyos mizanSewonili davis gadawyvetis SesaZlo Sedegebze miTiTeba.
muxli 219. axal garemoebebze

miTiTeba
1. mxareTa axsna-ganmartebis mosmenis dros
maT SeiZleba wamoayenon axali mosazrebebi, an miuTiTon axal garemoebebze, romelTa Sesaxebac ar yofila gancxadebuli
saqmis mosamzadebel stadiaze an mxareTa
zepiri Sejibrebis dawyebamde.
2. sasamarTlo gaiTvaliswinebs am axal
garemoebebsa da mtkicebulebebs, Tu cnobs,
rom maT Sesaxeb Tavis droze ar iyo gancxadebuli sapatio mizeziT da rom es ar
momxdara saqmis gaWianurebis mizniT. mowinaaRmdege mxares SeuZlia sTxovos sasamarTlos saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba, raTa
moemzados am axali garemoebebisa Tu mtkicebulebebis gasaqarwyeblad.
3. saqmis ganxilvis gadadebis SemTxvevaSi
sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobs 216-e muxliT.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili ar ukrZalavs mxareebs
wamoayenon mTavar sxdomaze TavianT axsna-ganmartebebSi axali mosazrebebi da miuTiTon axal garemoebebze.
402
axali iqneba iseTi garemoebebi, romlebic adre ar

iyo gamoTqmuli da wamoyenebuli. magaliTad, Tu mopasuxem ar warudgina sasamarTlos werilobiTi Sesagebeli momzadebis stadiaze (201-e muxli), es ar arTmevs
mas uflebas zepiri formiT Camoayalibos Tavisi Sesagebeli mTavar sxdomaze, magram es ukve iqneba axali garemoebebi (mosazrebebi), romlebic adre ar iyo cnobili. igive SeiZleba iTqvas mosarCelezec, romelic Tavis zepir axsna-ganmartebaSi mTavar sxdomaze uTiTebs
iseT axal garemoebebze da mtkicebulebebze, romlebic ar iyo miTiTebuli misi sarCelis safuZvelSi an kidev, mis mier adre warmodgenil werilobiT masalebSi.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili, romlis adresatia sasamarTlo, Seicavs praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT uaRresad mniSvnelovan danawess: sasamarTlo ar gaiTvaliswinebs am
axal garemoebebs, ar miiRebs araviTar mtkicebulebebs, angariSs ar gauwevs axal mosazrebebs, Tu isini sapatio mizezis gareSe ar iyo warmodgenili Tavis droze, e. i. am saqmis momzadebis stadiaze. amrigad, mizezis
sapatioba, aris axlad wamoyenebuli garemoebebis, mtkicebulebebis, mosazrebebis gansaxilvelad da gasaanalizeblad daSvebis winapiroba, magram ara maTi gaziarebis Tu dakmayofilebis safuZveli.
3. Tu sasamarTlo, sapatio mizezis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, dauSvebs gansaxilvelad am axal garemoebebs
an miiRebs axal mtkicebulebebs, mowinaaRmdege mxares, romelsac miaCnia, rom am axali garemoebebisa da
mtkicebulebebis gasaqarwyleblad dro sWirdeba, SeuZlia moiTxovos saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba 216-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlis komentari).
muxli 220. axsna-ganmartebis miReba

gamocxadebuli pirisagan
Tu sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamocxaddeba
mxolod erTi mxare, sasamarTlo miiRebs
axsna-ganmartebas am erTi mxarisagan.
403
_ gamocxadebuli mxarisagan axsna-ganmartebis miReba aramarto mizanSewonilia, aramed aucilebelic

(130-e muxli).
praqtikulad araa gamoricxuli SemTxveva, rodesac gamocxadebuli erT-erTi mxare, vTqvaT mosarCele, uars ityvis sarCelze, an kidev, mopasuxe _ cnobs
sarCels. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos ara dauswrebeli, aramed Cveulebrivi gadawyvetileba, romelic daefuZneba mopasuxis mier sarCelis
cnobas, an kidev, ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis
Sesaxeb, romelsac safuZvlad daedeba mosarCelis mier sarCelze uaris Tqma (272-e muxli `g~ qvepunqti).
_ Tu gamocxadebuli mxare moiTxovs dauswrebeli
gadawyvetilebis gamotanas, sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos igi 229-e da 230-e muxlebis Sesabamisad (ix.
am muxlebis komentari).
muxli 221. mxareTa SekiTxvebi

sasamarTlos nebarTviT TiToeul mxares
SeuZlia SekiTxva misces mowinaaRmdege mxares da mis warmomadgenels. Tu SekiTxva
uadgilo an Seuferebelia da ar emsaxureba saqmis garemoebis gamokvlevasa da dadgenas, sasamarTlos, mxaris TxovniT an Tavisi iniciativiT, SeuZlia moxsnas aseTi
SekiTxva. SekiTxvis Seusabamod an uadgilod miCneva da misi moxsna SeuZlia mosamarTles erTpirovnulad, anda sasamarTlos _ kolegiurad, roca saqmes kolegiuri
sasamarTlo ganixilavs.
_ SekiTxva unda emsaxurebodes saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebis dadgenas. Tu SekiTxva am
mizans ar emsaxureba, uadgiloa, an arRvevs eTikis normebs, mosamarTlem dauyovnebliv unda moxsnas aseTi
SekiTxva.
404
_ SekiTxvis moxsnis sakiTxi SeiZleba daayenos mxarem (warmomadgenelma). SekiTxva Tavisi iniciativiT
(mxaris Suamdgomlobis gareSec) SeuZlia moxsnas mosamarTlem, kolegiis Tavmjdomarem, an sasamarTlos
kolegiam erTmaneTTan moTaTbirebis Sedegad.
muxli 222. mosamarTleTa SekiTxvebi

mosamarTles, romelic erTpirovnulad ganixilavs saqmes, kolegiuri sasamarTlos
Tavmjdomaresa da mis nebismier wevrs ufleba aqvT mxareebs miscen SekiTxvebi, romlebic xels Seuwyoben saqmis gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebaTa srulad da zustad gansazRvras, am garemoebebis dasadastureblad mtkicebulebaTa gamovlenasa da sasamarTloSi wardgenas, maTi utyuarobis gamorkvevas.
_ SekiTxvebis micemis rigiToba ar vrceldeba sasamarTloze. mosamarTles SeuZlia misces SekiTxva mxares nebismier dros, oRond mas Semdeg, roca mxare daamTavrebs axsna-ganmartebis gadmocemas.
_ axsna-ganmartebis gadmocemis procesSi mosamarTles SeuZlia mxares misces ara SekiTxva, aramed SeniSvna
imis Sesaxeb, rom man ilaparakos mxolod saqmis Sesaxeb
da Sewyvitos saubari iseT sakiTxebze da garemoebebze,
romlebsac am saqmisaTvis raime mniSvneloba ar aqvT.
muxli 223. mxareTa Sejibrebis

xelmZRvaneloba
1. mxareTa Sejibrebas xelmZRvanelobs sasamarTlo. igi xsnis, warmarTavs da wyvets
Sejibrebas, sityvas aZlevs an sityvis uflebas arTmevs yvelas, vinc ar emorCileba
mas; aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, saqmis zepiri
405
ganxilvis interesebidan gamomdinare, sityvis dasrulebisaTvis mxares ganusazRvravs

dros; iRebs gadawyvetilebebs zepiri Sejibrebis dros wamoWril sakiTxebze da
acxadebs am gadawyvetilebebs.
2. sasamarTlo iRebs am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul zomebs, raTa saqme yovelmxriv
iqnes gamokvleuli, mxareTa paeqroba zedmetad ar gaWianurdes da ar garTuldes
da saqmis ganxilva damTavrdes rac SeiZleba swrafad _ erT sasamarTlo sxdomaze
da, Tu SesaZlebelia, _ Sesvenebis gareSe.
1. aramarto mxareTa Sejibrebas, aramed samoqalaqo saqmis warmoebas mTlianad xelmZRvanelobs sasamarTlo. amisaTvis sasamarTlos aqvs erTi didi orientiri _ samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi, romelic amomwuravad gansazRvravs saqmis warmoebis wess da maT Soris mxareTa zepir Sejibrebas.
_ mxareebma jer kidev procesis sawyis etapze _ sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis momentidan, unda gaacnobieron, rom saqmis momzadebas (werilobiT Sejibrebas),
mis ganxilvas (zepir Sejibrebas) da gadawyvetas xelmZRvanelobs sasamarTlo da, rom igi uflebas ver miscems Tavis Tavsa da miT umetes mxares, daarRvios saqmis warmoebis kanoniT gansazRvruli wesebi.
_ mxareTa zepiri Sejibreba saqmis warmoebis yvelaze rTuli nawilia. am dros sWirdeba sasamarTlos gansakuTrebuli yuradReba da principuloba. sasamarTlom
araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda dauSvas mxareTa mier
mwvave da urTierTSeuracxmyofeli gamoTqmebi, man unda Seawyvetinos sityva yvelas vinc ar emorCileba. nebismieri gadawyvetileba, romelsac igi miiRebs procesis msvlelobis dros, maSinve unda gamocxaddes.
- sityvis dasrulebisaTvis drois gansazRvris aucilebloba (rac SeiZleba mTeli rigi gaugebrobebi moyves)
ar warmoiSoba Tu sasamarTlo uflebas ar miscems mxa406
reebs da maT warmomadgenlebs ilaparakon iseT sakiTxebze, romlebsac ar aqvT mniSvneloba saqmisaTvis.
2. Tu saqme kargad iyo momzadebuli, rogorc amas
es kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs, Tu TviTon sasamarTloc
kargadaa momzadebuli da saqmis ganxilva zedmetad
da usargeblod ar Wianurdeba _ sasamarTlos mTavari
sxdoma da saqmis gadawyveta Zalian swrafad, Sesvenebis gareSe unda damTavrdes.
muxli 224. mosarCelis mier sarCelis

Secvlisa da mopasuxis mier
Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvris Sesaxeb
sakiTxebis gadawyvetis wesi
1. mosarCelis mier sarCelis safuZvlisa
Tu sagnis Secvlis an sasarCelo moTxovnis
gadidebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobs 83-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT.
2. mopasuxis mier Segebebuli sarCelis
aRZvrisa da sasamarTlos mier misi miRebis
SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobs 188190-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.
1. mosarCeles ufleba aqvs Secvalos sarCelis safuZveli an sagani, gaadidos Tavisi moTxovna saqmis
momzadebis stadiaze. saqmis momzadebis stadia damTavrebulad iTvleba mas Semdeg, rodesac sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas saqmis sasamarTlos mTavar
sxdomaze ganxilvis daniSvnis Sesaxeb (207-e muxli).
_ mTavari sxdomis daniSvnis Semdeg an uSualod mTavar sxdomaze mosarCeles SeuZlia Secvalos sarCeli,
an gaadidos sasarCelo moTxovna, magram amisaTvis ukve saWiroa mopasuxis winaswari Tanxmoba (83-e muxlis
me-3 nawili).
_ yvela SemTxvevaSi, romel etapzec ar unda Secvalos mosarCelem sarCeli, mopasuxes winaswar unda ecnobos, raTa igi moemzados Secvlili sarCelis wina407
aRmdeg TavdacvisaTvis da miiRos gadawyvetileba aseT

Secvlaze Tanxmobis Sesaxeb, roca amas kanoni iTvaliswinebs.
2. mopasuxes SeuZlia aRZras Segebebuli sarCeli
saqmis momzadebis damTavrebamde, e.i. mTavari sxdomis daniSvnis Sesaxeb ganCinebis miRebamde (207-e muxli).
_ am vadis gaSvebis Semdeg mopasuxes SeuZlia aRZras
Segebebuli sarCeli, sasamarTlo paeqtrobis dawyebamde (188-e muxli) Tu sasamarTlo sapatiod miiCnevs vadis gaSvebas. sapatio mizezebis dadasturebis tvirTi
ekisreba mopasuxes, romelmac unda miuTiTos da daamtkicos iseTi garemoebis arseboba, romelmac xeli SeuSala mas Tavis droze aReZra Segebebuli sarCeli.
_ amrigad, Segebebuli sarCelis Tavis droze aRuZvrelobis mizezis sapatiooba, aris am sarCelis dasaSvebobis, misi gansaxilvelad miRebis erT-erTi piroba. sxva mxriv, igi unda pasuxobdes yvela moTxovnas,
rac gaTvaliswinebulia 189-e muxliT (ix. am muxlis komentari).
muxli 225. warmodgenil

mtkicebulebaTa Semowmeba
mxareTa da mesame pirTa axsna-ganmartebis mosmenis Semdeg sasamarTlo am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT amowmebs warmodgenil mtkicebulebebs. sasamarTlo am kodeqsis 104-e muxlis Sesabamisad saqmidan amoiRebs mtkicebulebebs da saqmeSi warmodgenil im dokumentebs, romlebsac saqmisaTvis ara aqvT mniSvneloba.
_ mtkicebulebaTa Sefasebas sasamarTlo axdens ori
TvalsazrisiT: erTi, ramdenad sarwmuno da utyuaria
warmodgenili mtkicebuleba, da meore, ra daskvnebis
gakeTeba SeiZleba am mtkicebulebebidan saqmisaTvis
408
mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebis (saZiebeli faqtebis)

arseboba-ararsebobis Sesaxeb.
_ mtkicebulebaTa sarwmunoobisa Tu utyuarobis
Semowmebis mizniT sasamarTlom uSualod unda mousminos mxareebs, mesame pirebs, Tanamonawileebs, Seadaros maTi axsna-ganmartebebi erTmaneTs. man uSualod unda dakiTxos da mousminos mowmeebs, daaTvalieros nivTieri mtkicebulebebi, moaxdinos adgilze daTvaliereba, daniSnos eqspertiza, moiwvios specialisti da a. S. yvela es moqmedeba sasamarTlom unda Seasrulos kanoniT dadgenili wesiT da, bolos,
moaxdinos yvela Sekrebili masalis, saqmeSi arsebuli yvela mtkicebulebis SedarebiTi gamokvleva. Tu
aseTi Sedarebis Sedegad aRmoCndeba, rom saqmeSi arsebobs urTierTsawinaaRmdego mtkicebulebebi, sasamarTlom unda aRmofxvras es winaaRmdegoba, risTvisac SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes mxareebisgan ganmeorebiT axsna-ganmartebis miReba, mowmeTa ganmeorebiT
dakiTxva, eqspertizis, maT Soris damatebiTi da ganmeorebiTi eqspertizis daniSvna da a. S.
- Tu mtkicebulebaTa Semowmeba - Sefasebis dros
aRmoCndeba, rom saqmeSi aris iseTi mtkicebulebebi
da masalebi, romlebsac saqmisaTvis ar aqvs mniSvneloba, sasamarTlo Tavisi ganCinebiT amoiRebs maT saqmidan 104-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlis komentari).

Semowmebis damTavreba
saqmeSi arsebuli yvela mtkicebulebis
ganxilvisa da Semowmebis Semdeg sasamarTlo ekiTxeba mxareebsa da warmomadgenlebs,
xom ar surT raime daumaton saqmis masalebs. Tu aseTi survili ar gamoiTqva, sasamarTlo saqmis gamokvlevas damTavrebu-
409
lad acxadebs, ris Semdegac iwyeba mxareTa

paeqroba.
mtkicebulebaTa gamokvlevisa da Semowmebis procesSi aqtiurad monawileoben mxareebi da maTi warmomadgenlebi, romlebsac SeuZliaT da sruli ufleba
aqvT aramarto SekiTxvebi miscen erTmaneTs, mowmeebs,
eqspertebs, specialistebs, aramed gamoTqvan TavianTi dasabuTebuli mosazreba saqmeSi arsebuli mtkicebulebebis Sesaxeb, am mtkicebulebaTa utyuarobisa da
sarwmunoobis Sesaxeb.
_ bolos, mas Semdeg, rac mxareTa monawileobiT gamokvleuli iqneba yvela warmodgenili mtkicebuleba, sasamarTlo kvlav unda SeekiTxos mxareebs, xom ar
surT raime daumaton saqmis masalebs, Tu maT araferi
aqvT dasamatebeli, sasamarTlo gadadis mxareTa paeqrobaze.
_ am momentidan saqmis gamokvleva damTavrebulad
iTvleba.
muxli 227. mxareTa paeqroba

1. paeqroba Sedgeba mxareebisa da maTi
warmomadgenlebis sityvebisagan.
2. pirvelad gamodian mosarCele da misi
warmomadgeneli. Semdeg _ mopasuxe da misi
warmomadgeneli, mesame piri, romelmac ganacxada dawyebul procesSi davis saganze
damoukidebeli moTxovna, da misi warmomadgeneli gamodian mxareebis Semdeg. mesame piri, romelsac davis saganze damoukidebeli moTxovna ar ganucxadebia, da misi
warmomadgeneli gamodian im mosarCelis an
mopasuxis Semdeg, romlis mxarezedac mesame piri monawileobs saqmeSi.
410
paeqroba _ esaa Semajamebeli sityva. paeqrobaSi monawileoba da maSasadame, Semajamebeli sityvis warmoTqmis ufleba aqvT mxareebs, Tanamonawileebs, mesame pirebs damoukidebeli moTxovniT Tu mis gareSe, warmomadgenlebs.
_ mopaeqre Tavis sityvaSi unda Seecados gaanalizos saqmeSi arsebuli mtkicebulebebi, aRniSnos saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone romeli garemoebebi
(faqtebi) dasturdeba, am mtkicebulebebiT, romeli
garemoebebi (faqtebi) ver dadasturda da romel mxares ekisreboda maTi dadasturebis (damtkicebis)
tvirTi. mxares SeuZlia sabolood Camoayalibos Tu
romeli garemoebebi dadasturda mtkicebulebebis
meSveobiT da romeli kanoni unda iqnes gamoyenebuli
am saqmis gadawyvetis dros.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs paeqrobaSi monawileTa rigiTobas, romelic zustad unda daicvas sasamarTlom.
_ paeqrobas xelmZRvanelobs sasamarTlo, romelmac ar unda dauSvas iseTi gamosvla, romelic scildeba paeqrobis mizans.
_ SekiTxvebi mopaeqris mimarT dauSvebelia.
muxli 228. replika

1. mas Semdeg, rac paeqrobis yoveli monawile warmoTqvams sityvas, maT SeuZliaT
xelmeored gamovidnen warmoTqmul sityvasTan dakavSirebiT. ukanaskneli replikis
ufleba yovelTvis ekuTvniT mopasuxes da
mis warmomadgenels.
2. mxareTa paeqrobis Semdeg sasamarTlo
gadis gadawyvetilebis misaRebad, ris Sesaxebac ucxadebs sxdomis darbazSi damswre pirebs.
411
1. replika _ esaa xelmeored gamosvla, rac ganpirobebulia paeqrobaSi monawile pirisaTvis pasuxis
gacemis saWiroebiT.
_ replikis, anu sapasuxo gamosvlis rigiToba unda
Seesabamebodes paeqrobaSi monawileobis rigiTobas
(227-e muxlis me-2 nawili), oRond imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom ukanaskneli replikis ufleba yovelTvis aqvs
mopasuxes da mis warmomadgenels.
_ replika _ esaa ufleba, romliTac SeuZliaT isargeblon, magram SeuZliaT uari Tqvan masze.
2. paeqrobiT mTavrdeba mTavari sxdoma da sasamarTlo gadis gadawyvetilebis gamosatanad.
_ saTaTbiro oTaxSi gasvlis win sasamarTlom yovelTvis unda gamoacxados, rom igi gadis gadawyvetilebis gamosatanad.
412
T a v i
XXVI
dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba
muxli 229. mosarCelis
gamoucxadebloba
1. Tu sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze ar
gamocxaddeba mosarCele, romelsac gaegzavna Setyobineba 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT, mopasuxis Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba sarCelis
dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.
2. Tu mopasuxe ar moiTxovs dauswrebeli
gadawyvetilebis gamotanas, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb, rasac ukavSirdeba 276278-e muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli Sedegebi. Tu mopasuxe sarCelis ganuxilvelad
datovebis winaaRmdegia, sasamarTlo gadadebs saqmis ganxilvas. mosarCelis ganmeorebiT gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas.
1. Tu sasamarTlos sxdomaze gamocxadda mopasuxe,
magram ar gamocxadda mosarCele, sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba mosarCelis gamoucxadeblobis gamo, magram, mxolod ori pirobis erTdroulad arsebobisas: pirveli _ mopasuxe
Suamdgomlobs sasamarTlos winaSe, raTa man gamoitanos dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb; meore _ ar arsebobs dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis damabrkolebeli garemoebebi, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia 233-e
muxlis pirveli nawiliT (ix. am muxlis komentari).
413
_ gamoucxadebeli mosarCelis winaaRmdeg dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis dros sasamarTlo ar

afasebs saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebebs da arc
mTlianad saqmes samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT. mas
gamoaqvs dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb mosarCelis gamoucxadeblobis gamo da ara saqmis masalebis mixedviT.
2. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mopasuxe dauswrebeli
gadawyvetilebis gamotanis winaaRmdegia, maSin sasamarTlom unda gaarkvios Tanaxma iqneba Tu ara mopasuxe rom sasamarTlom sarCeli ganuxilvelad datovos.
Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb (275-e
muxlis `g~ qvepunqti), xolo Tu mopasuxe amis winaaRmdegia, maSin sasamarTlo gadadebs saqmis ganxilvas.
saqmis ganxilvis gadadebisas sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobs ssk 216-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlis komentari).
_ Tu gadadebuli saqmis gansaxilvelad daniSnul
sasamarTlos sxdomaze kvlav gamocxadda mopasuxe,
magram ar gamocxadda mosarCele, sasamarTlo gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas sarCelis dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, risTvisac mopasuxis
Tanxmoba saWiro aRar aris, magram dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis sxva pirobebi (233-e muxlis pirveli nawili) saWiroa.
3. sasamarTlo praqtikaSi wamoiWra sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor unda moiqces sasamarTlo dauswrebeli
gadawyvetilebis gamotanis TvalsazrisiT, rodesac
saqmeSi monawileobs ramdenime mosarCele an ramdenime mopasuxe da sxdomaze cxaddeba mxolod nawili.
_ Tu sarCeli wardgenilia erTad ramdenime mosarCelis mier imis gamo, rom sarCelis sagans warmoadgens saerTo ufleba (86-e muxlis pirveli nawilis à~
qvepunqti), an, roca sarCeli wardgenilia ramdenime
mopasuxis winaaRmdeg (magaliTad, roca pasuxismgebloba solidarulia), e. i. roca Tanamonawileoba sa414
valdebuloa, maSin ramdenime mosarCelidan erTis gamocxadeba an ramdenime mopasuxidan erT-erTis gamocxadeba sakmarisia imisaTvis, rom sasamarTlom gamoitanos ara dauswrebeli, aramed Cveulebrivi gadawyvetileba. savaldebulo Tanamonawileobis dros erTi
Tanamonawilis gamocxadeba niSnavs yvela Tanamonawilis gamocxadebas (ix. 86-e muxlis komentari).
_ Tu erT sarCelSi gaerTianebulia sxvadasxva moTxovna sxvadasxva mopasuxis mimarT, maSin gamocxadebuli mopasuxis mimarT gamotanili unda iqnes Cveulebrivi gadawyvetileba, xolo gamoucxadebeli mopasuxis (mopasuxeebis) mimarT _ dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba.
_ Tu erT sarCelSi gaerTianebulia sxvadasxva mosarCelis sxvadasxva moTxovnebi sxvadasxva mopasuxis mimarT, maSin SeiZleba gamoucxadebel mosarCeleTa Tu mopasuxeTa mimarT gamotanil iqnes dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, xolo gamocxadebulebis mimarT _
Cveulebrivi gadawyvetileba (ix. 182-e muxlis me-3 nawilis komentari).
muxli 230. mopasuxis

gamoucxadebloba
1. Tu sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze ar
gamocxaddeba mopasuxe, romelsac gaegzavna Setyobineba am kodeqsis 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT, da mosarCele Suamdgomlobs dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis
gamotanaze, maSin sarCelSi miTiTebuli faqtobrivi garemoebebi damtkicebulad iTvleba.
2. Tu sarCelSi miTiTebuli garemoebebi
iuridiulad amarTlebs sasarCelo moTxovnas, sarCeli dakmayofildeba. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo uars etyvis
mosarCeles mis dakmayofilebaze.
415
1. Tu sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamocxadda mosarCele,

magram ar gamocxadda mopasuxe, sasamarTlo gamoitans
dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas sarCelis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb sami pirobis erTdroulad arsebobisas:
pirveli _ mosarCele Suamdgomlobs sasamarTlos winaSe, raTa man gamoitanos dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb mopasuxis gamoucxadeblobis gamo; meore _ ar arsebobs dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis damabrkolebeli garemoebebi, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia 233-e muxlis
pirveli nawiliT (ix. am muxlis komentari) da mesame _
sarCelSi miTiTebuli da mopasuxis gamoucxadeblobis gamo damtkicebulad CaTvlili garemoebebi iuridiulad amarTleben moTxovnas.
2. ise rogorc mosarCelis gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi (229-e muxli), mopasuxis gamoucxadeblobis
SemTxvevaSic sarCelis safuZvelSi miTiTebuli faqtobrivi garemoebebi iTvleba damtkicebulad, magram
mxolod es araa sakmarisi dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanisaTvis mosarCelis sasargeblod. amisaTvis, agreTve saWiroa rom es damtkicebulad CaTvlili faqtobrivi garemoebebi iuridiulad amarTlebdes mosarCelis moTxovnas, e. i. kanoni ukavSirebdes
im Sedegs, romlis dadgomac surs mosarCeles. Tu mopasuxis gamoucxadeblobis gamo damtkicebulad CaTvlili garemoebebi iuridiulad ar amarTleben mosarCelis moTxovnas, maSin sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos
ara dauswrebeli, aramed Cveulebrivi gadawyvetileba, romliTac uari unda eTqvas sxdomaze gamocxadebul mosarCeles sarCelze. magram, Tu aRniSnuli
garemoebebi mosarCelis moTxovnas iuridiulad amarTleben, sasamarTlo gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas sarCelis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb.
magaliTad, mosarCele moiTxovs mopasuxisa da misi
ojaxis wevrebis binidan gamosaxlebas im garemoebebis safuZvelze, rom man es bina SeiZina auqcionze, gaxda misi mesakuTre, rac registrirebulia sajaro re416
estrSi, xolo am binis yofili mesakuTre aris mopasuxe, romelmac dakarga biniT sargeblobis ufleba.magram winaaRmdegia gaaTavisuflos bina da Tanaxmaa gadaixados binis qira. mosarCeles ki unda am binis
sastumrod gadakeTeba. mopasuxis mTavar sasamarTlo
sxdomaze gamoucxadeblobis gamo, yvela es faqtebi
dadasturebulad unda CaiTvalos, magram sasamarTlom
es faqtebi unda Seafasos iuridiulad. samoqalaqo kodeqsis 307-e muxlis me-4 nawilis Tanaxmad: àxal SemZenze sakuTrebis gadasvliT Zveli mesakuTre ganixileba damqiraveblad sabazro pirobebis Sesabamisad~.
amrigad, mosarCelis mier Tavisi moTxovnis dasasabuTeblad sarCelis safuZvelSi miTiTebuli faqtebi
ver amarTleben iuridiulad am moTxovnas, amitom sasamarTlom uari unda uTxras mosarCeles sarCelis
dakmayofilebaze Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT da es iqneba ara dauswrebeli, aramed Cveulebrivi gadawyvetileba, aqedan gamomdinare yvela Tavisi SedegiT. sakasacio sasamarTlo yovelTvis moiTxovs sasamarTloebisagan, raTa maT mtkiced daicvan 230-e muxlis me-2
nawilis danawesi da kargad Seamowmon Tu ramdenad
amarTleben iuridiulad sarCelSi miTiTebuli garemoebebi mosarCelis sasarCelo moTxovnas.30
_ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom mopasuxis gamoucxadeblobis gamo sarCelSi miTiTebuli da damtkicebulad
CaTvlili garemoebebi nawilobriv amarTleben, magram
nawilobriv ar amarTleben iuridiulad mosarCelis
moTxovnebs. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos erTi saproceso dokumenti _ `gadawyvetileba _ dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba~, romelSic aRniSnuli iqneba, Tu ra nawilSi dakmayofilda mosarCelis
moTxovna da ra nawilSi eTqva mas uari. moTxovnis is
nawili, romlis dakmayofilebaze uari eTqva mosarCeles _ aisaxeba erTiani saproceso dokumentis im nawilSi, romelsac `gadawyvetileba~ ewodeba, xolo moT30
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2001,#6, gv.550-551
417
xovnis is nawili, romelic dakmayofilda _ aisaxeba am

dokumentis im nawilSi, romelsac `dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba~ ewodeba.
3. Tu sarCeli wardgenilia erTad ramdenime mosarCelis mier imis gamo, rom sarCelis sagans warmoadgens
saerTo ufleba (86-e muxlis à~ qvepunqti), maSin am ramdenime mosarCelisagan erTis gamocxadebis SemTxvevaSic (roca mopasuxe ar gamocxadda) gamotanili unda iqnes erTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba yvela (da ara
mxolod erTi gamocxadebuli) mosarCelis sasargeblod.
_ Tu erT sarCelSi gaerTianebulia sxvadasxva mosarCelis sxvadasxva moTxovnebi sxvadasxva an erTi
mopasuxis mimarT, maSin Tu ar gamocxadda mopasuxe
(mopasuxeebi), magram gamocxaddnen mosarCeleebi, gamotanili iqneba dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba yvela
mosarCelis sasargeblod, magram Tu gamocxadda erTi
(an meti), magram ar gamocxaddnen sxvebi, maSin gamocxadebuli mosarCelis sasargeblod gamotanili iqneba dauswrebeli, xolo gamoucxadebeli mosarCeleebis moTxovnebis mimarT SeiZleba sarCeli ganuxilvelad darCes (231-e muxli).
muxli 231. orive mxaris

gamoucxadebloba
Tu sasamarTlo sxdomaze ar gamocxaddeba arc erTi mxare, romlebsac gaegzavnaT
Setyobineba 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili
wesiT, sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb, rasac ukavSirdeba 276-e da 278-e muxlebiT
gaTvaliswinebuli Sedegebi.
_ orive mxaris mTavar sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb,
oRond erTi aucilebeli pirobiT: Tu mxareebs gaeg418
zavnaT Setyobineba 70-78-e muxlebis Sesabamisad da

saqmeSi aris amis damadasturebeli dokumenti.
_ sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis SemTxvevaSi
mosarCeles kvlav SeuZlia aRZras igive sarCeli saerTo wesis dacviT (278-e muxli). es imas niSnavs, rom saqmis ganaxleba, axali sarCelis aRZvris gareSe, rasac
zogjer moiTxoven mxareebi, anu ganuxilvelad datovebuli sarCelis `gacocxleba~, dauSvebelia.
_ ganCineba sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba gasaCivrdes kerZo saCivriT (276-e muxli).
muxli 232. sasamarTlo sxdomaze

gamocxadebuli mxaris uari
monawileoba miiRos saqmis
ganxilvaSi
gamoucxadeblad iTvleba mxare, romelic,
Tumca sasamarTlo sxdomaze daniSnul dros
gamocxadda, magram uars ambobs saqmis ganxilvaSi monawileobaze.
_ praqtikaSi zogjer or gansxvavebul viTarebasTan gvaqvs saqme: pirveli _ rodesac mxare gamocxadda, magram ara im ganzraxviT, rom monawileoba miiRos
saqmis ganxilvaSi. am muxlis pirdapiri danawesis mixedviT, aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba; da meore _ rodesac mxare gamocxadda im ganzraxviT, rom monawileoba miiRos saqmis ganxilvaSi, daiwyo kidec monawileoba, magram procesis ama Tu im etapze, datova sxdoma
an imis gamo, rom sasamarTlom misi Suamdgomloba ar
daakmayofila, an SeiZleba imis gamo, rom procesis
msvlelobis mixedviT misi pozicia arc ise saimedo aRmoCnda. am SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos
dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba im mxaris winaaRmdeg,
romelmac miatova sxdoma. saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba
an saqmis masalebis mixedviT gadawyvetilebis gamota419
na aseTi mxaris waxaliseba iqneboda, miT ufro, Tu saqmis masalebi misTvis xelsayreli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis safuZveli SeiZleba gaxdes.
_ saqmis ganxilvis dawyebis win (217-e muxli) sasamarTlom unda gaafrTxilos mxareebi, rom saqmis ganxilvaSi monawileobis miuRebloba an sxdomis mitoveba saqmis
ganxilvis nebismier etapze da sasamarTlos nebarTvis
gareSe, miCneul iqneba rogorc gamoucxadebloba da gamotanili iqneba dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba.

dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis
gamotanis dauSvebloba
sasamarTlos dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotana dauSvebelia, Tu:
a) gamoucxadebeli mxare mowveuli ar
iyo 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT;
b) sasamarTlosaTvis cnobili gaxda, rom
adgili hqonda dauZlevel Zalas an sxva
movlenebs, romlebsac SeeZloT xeli SeeSalaT sasamarTloSi mxaris droulad gamocxadebisaTvis;
g) gamoucxadebel mxares droulad ar
ecnoba saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis Sesaxeb;
d) ar arsebobs sarCelis aRZvris winapirobebi.
2. am muxlis pirveli nawilis à~, `b~ da
`g~ qvepunqtebSi miTiTebuli erT-erTi garemoebis arsebobisas sasamarTlo saqmis ganxilvas sxva droisaTvis niSnavs, ris Sesaxebac
atyobinebs gamoucxadebel mxares da saqmeSi
monawile sxva pirebs, xolo `d~ qvepunqtSi
miTiTebuli sarCelis aRZvris winapirobebis
arsebobisas sasamarTlo Sewyvets saqmis warmoebas 272-e muxlis Sesabamisad.
420
1. mxaris gamoucxadeblobis miuxedavad sasamarTlo ver gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas, anu

dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotana dauSvebelia
am muxlis pirvel nawilSi CamoTvlili garemoebebis
arsebobisas.
a) mowveulad iTvleba mxare, romelsac uwyeba gaegzavna da Cabarda 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT. saqmeSi unda iyos cnoba, rom mas am wesiT uwyeba Cabarda.
ar aris aucilebeli, rom uwyeba Cabardes uSualod mxares. uwyeba Cabarebulad iTvleba maSinac, roca igi Cabarda misi ojaxis srulwlovan wevrs, an samuSao adgilis administracias. (ix. 70-78-e muxlebis komentari).
b) dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotana dauSvebelia maSinac, roca uwyeba Tumca kanoniT dadgenili
wesiT gaigzavna da Cabarda mxares, magram sasamarTlosaTvis cnobili gaxda iseTi garemoebebis Sesaxeb, romlebsac SeeZloT xeli SeeSalaT mxaris sasamarTloSi
droulad gamocxadebisaTvis (miwisZvra, wyaldidoba
da a. S.). mniSvneloba ar aqvs, Tu romeli wyaroebidan
miiRo sasamarTlom es cnobebi (presa, radio, televizia an sxva nebismieri wyaro).
g) 201-e muxli avaldebulebs sasamarTlos droulad gaugzavnos mopasuxes sarCelisa da TandarTuli
sabuTebis aslebi, agreTve yvela sxva masala, romelic
Seicavs informacias im faqtiuri garemoebebis Sesaxeb, romlebic wamoyenebulia mis winaaRmdeg mosarCelis mier. Tavis mxriv sasamarTlos evaleba droulad gadaugzavnos mosarCeles mopasuxis mier warmodgenili werilobiTi Sesagebeli, TandarTuli sabuTis aslebi, Segebebuli sarCeli da a. S. (203-e muxli).
_ `droulad ecnobos~ imas niSnavs, rom mxarem aseTi informacia unda miiRos mTavar sxdomamde, ufro
zustad, momzadebis stadiaze, xolo gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi am stadiis damTavrebis Semdeg (207-e muxli), magram im angariSiT, rom man SeZlos moemzados Tavis dasacavad. saqmeSi unda arsebobdes cnoba, Tu rodis gaegzavna mxares saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis
421
Semcveli cnobebi da amis mixedviT mosamarTlem unda

gaakeTos daskvna droulobaze.
d) sarCelis aRZvris winapirobebi CamoTvlilia 186e muxlSi. Tu sasamarTlo Tvlis, rom SecdomiT miiRo
sarCeli, romelic ar unda mieRo, radgan ar arsebobda
misi miRebis winapirobebi, maSin man unda gamoitanos
ara dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, aramed ganCineba
saqmis Sewyvetis an sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb (272-e da 275-e muxlebi).
2. imis mixedviT, Tu ra garemoebiTaa ganpirobebuli
dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis dauSvebloba, am muxlis meore nawili iTvaliswinebs saqmis ganxilvis sxva droisaTvis gadadebas an saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetas.
amasTan dakavSirebiT mizanSewonilad migvaCnia gavakeToT Semdegi Sinaarsis daTqma: sarCelis aRZvris
winapirobebi miTiTebulia 186-e muxlSi, xolo aRiarebiTi sarCelis mimarT damatebiT 180-e muxlSi (ix. am
muxlebis komentari). Tu es winapirobebi ar arsebobs,
sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos sarCeli, magram Tu SecdomiT miiRo, maSin _ imis mixedviT, romeli winapiroba
ar arsebobs _ unda Sewyvitos saqme an sarCeli ganuxilvelad datovos (272-e da 275-e muxlebi).
aqedan gamomdinare, Tu aRmoCndeba, rom ar arsebobs
sarCelis aRZvris esa Tu is winapiroba, sasamarTlos SeiZleba mouxdes ara marto saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta,
rogorc es miTiTebulia am muxlis me-2 nawilSi, aramed
sarCelis ganuxilvelad datoveba, imis mixedviT, Tu
sarCelis aRZvris romeli winapiroba ar arsebobs.
muxli 234. dauswrebeli

gadawyvetilebis Sinaarsi
dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis Sinaarsi unda Seesabamebodes 249-e muxlis moTxovnebs samotivacio nawilis Camoyalibebis gareSe.
422
dauswrebel gadawyvetilebaSi mokled, magram naTlad da garkveviT unda mieTiTos yvelafer imaze, rac
aucileblad unda aisaxos gadawyvetilebebSi saerTod, samotivacio nawilis gareSe (249-e muxli). Tu dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba gamodis mopasuxis gamoucxadeblobis gamo, maSin dauswrebel gadawyvetilebaSi
miTiTebuli unda iyos kanonze (materialur-samarTlebriv normaze), romlis safuZvelze sarCelSi miTiTebuli garemoebebi iuridiulad amarTleben mosarCelis moTxovnas (230-e muxlis me-2 nawili).
muxli 235. gadawyvetilebis aslis

gagzavna
mxares, romelic ar gamocxadebula sasamarTloSi, egzavneba dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis asli misi gamotanidan 5 dRis
ganmavlobaSi.
_ dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis aslis gadagzavna
warmoebs 70-78-e muxlebis mixedviT. igi Cabarebulad
iTvleba miuxedavad imisa, uSualod xelze Cabarda mas
es gadawyvetileba, Tu igi Cabarda am muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebul pirebs. saqmeSi unda iyos cnoba am muxlebis mixedviT dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis Cabarebis
Sesaxeb.

gadawyvetilebis gasaCivreba
mxares, romelic ar gamocxadebula sasamarTlo sxdomaze, ris gamoc mis winaaRmdeg gamotanilia dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, SeuZlia aseTi gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTloSi Seitanos saCivari
dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebisa
da saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb.
423
_ es muxli gansazRvravs Tu vis SeuZlia gaasaCivros dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba da romel sasamarTloSi SeiZleba am gadawyvetilebis (mxedvelobaSia pirveli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba) gasaCivreba.
_ dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gaasaCivros im mxarem, romlis winaaRmdegac is gamotanilia,
xolo, Tu igi pirveli dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebaa, misi gasaCivreba unda moxdes im sasamarTloSi, romelmac is gamoitana.

gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis vada
dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis vadaa 10 dRe. am vadis gamoTvla iwyeba
im dRidan, rodesac mxares Cabarda dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis asli. am vadis gasvlis Semdeg dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba
Sedis kanonier ZalaSi.
_ dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis 10
dRiani vadis gamoTvla iwyeba im dRidan, roca mxares
Cabarda am gadawyvetilebis asli 70-78-e muxlebiT
dadgenili wesiT. saqmeSi unda iyos cnoba am muxlebiT
gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT misi Cabarebis Sesaxeb.
_ gasaCivrebis 10 dRiani vadis gasvlis Semdeg dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba Sedis kanonier ZalaSi da
igi SeiZleba aRsruldes iZulebiTi wesiT.
muxli 238. saCivris Sinaarsi

1. saCivari dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis
gadasinjvisa da saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb
unda Seicavdes:
a) im sasamarTlos dasaxelebas, romelmac
gamoitana dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba;
b) saCivris Semtani piris dasaxelebas;
424
g) garemoebebs, romlebic adastureben,

rom sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamoucxadebloba gamowveuli iyo sapatio mizeziT;
d) saCivris Semtani piris Txovnas, Tu ra
farglebSi unda Seicvalos gadawyvetileba;
e) saCivarze TandarTuli masalebis CamonaTvals.
2. saCivari, romelsac xels awers mxare
an misi warmomadgeneli, sasamarTlos waredgineba imdeni aslis odenobiT, ramdeni
mxarec monawileobs saqmeSi.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs saCivris
Sinaarss, moTxovnebs, romlebsac es saCivari unda pasuxobdes.
dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis erTaderT safuZvels warmoadgens im mizezis sapatioba,
romelmac ganapiroba momCivanis gamoucxadebloba.
cxadia, rom saCivarSi sagangebo yuradReba unda mieqces im garemoebebze miTiTebas, romlebic adastureben sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamoucxadeblobis mizezis
sapatiobas (magaliTad, ar iyo mowveuli 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT, adgili hqonda dauZlevel Zalas an sxva stiqiur movlenebs, droulad ar ecnoba
saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis Sesaxeb da a. S.).
gamoucxadeblobis sapatio mizezis damtkicebis
tvirTi ekisreba momCivans. CaiTvalos Tu ara es mizezi sapatiod sabolood wyvets sasamarTlo.
_ saCivris Semtanma pirma SeiZleba moiTxovos ara
mTlianad dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba, ganaxleba, Secvla, aramed mxolod misi nawilobriv gauqmeba an Secvla. amitom, SeiZleba momCivanis gamoucxadebloba marTlac sapatio mizeziT iyo gamowveuli, magram sasamarTlom dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba unda gaauqmos da saqme ganixilos mxolod im nawilSi, ra nawilSiac amas momCivani moiTxovs. ise rogorc Cveulebrivi
425
(saboloo) gadawyvetilebis gadasinjvis dros, sasamarTlo am SemTxvevaSic ver gascdeba saCivris farglebs.
2. Tu saCivari dauswrebel gadawyvetilebaze Semoaqvs ara mxares, aramed mis warmomadgenels (advokats),
maSin am saCivars unda erTvodes specialuri uflebamosileba (98-e muxlis pirveli nawili).
_ Tu dauswrebel gadawyvetilebaze Setanili saCivari ar pasuxobs am muxlSi CamoTvlil moTxovnebs, an
ar aris gadaxdili saxelmwifo baJi im odenobiT, rac
gaTvaliswinebulia kerZo saCivrisaTvis (39-e muxlis
`d~ qvepunqti), sasamarTlo dauniSnavs vadas momCivans
xarvezis Sesavsebad. Tu xarvezi am vadaSi ar iqneba
Sevsebuli, sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas saCivris
miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb misi dauSveblobis gamo.
am ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana (239-e
_ saCivris asli egzavnebaT mxareebs am saCivris daSvebisa da gansaxilvelad miRebis Sesaxeb ganCinebasTan erTad (ssk 239-e muxlis me-2 nawili)
muxli 239. sasamarTlos moqmedeba

saCivris miRebis Semdeg
1. mosamarTle, romelmac gamoitana dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, sakiTxs saCivris miRebis Sesaxeb wyvets mxareTaTvis Seutyobineblad.
2. saCivris miRebis Taobaze mosamarTles
gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelSic unda aRiniSnos saqmis xelaxla ganxilvis dRe, ris Sesaxebac atyobinebs mxareebs. sasamarTlos
aseT ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar
SeiZleba.
3. Tu saCivris miReba sasamarTlos ar
miaCnia dasaSvebad, mas gamoaqvs amis Sesaxeb ganCineba, romelzedac SeiZleba kerZo
saCivris Setana.
426
dauswrebel gadawyvetilebebze saCivris miRebis

sakiTxs marTalia wyvets is mosamarTle, romelmac gamoitana gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba, magram es imas
ar niSnavs, rom Tu raime mizezis gamo es mosamarTle
ver ganixilavs saCivars (xangrZliv mivlinebaSia, gadaiyvanes sxva sasamarTloSi, imyofeba samkurnalo dawesebulebaSi da a. S.), am sasamarTlos sxva mosamarTles ar SeuZlia misi ganxilva.
_ saCivris miReba-armiRebis (dasaSvebobis) sakiTxs
mosamarTle wyvets mxareTaTvis Seutyobineblad. es
aris mosamarTlis ufleba da ara movaleoba. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu saWirod da mizanSewonilad miaCnia, mas
SeuZlia moiwvios mxareebi da maTi monawileobiT gadawyvitos saCivris miRebis sakiTxi.
2. Tu saCivari dasaSvebia da misaRebia, mosamarTles gamoaqvs ganCineba misi gansaxilvelad miRebisa
da ganxilvis dRis daniSvnis Sesaxeb. saCivris ganxilva SeiZleba moxdes mxareTaTvis aucilebeli SetyobinebiT. Setyobineba maT 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT unda gaegzavnoT. am ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar daiSveba.
3. Tu mosamarTles saCivari ar miaCnia dasaSvebad
imis gamo, rom gaSvebulia gasaCivrebis vada, ar Seavso
xarvezi, saCivari Semoitana arauflebamosilma pirma
da a. S. mosamarTle gamoitans ganCinebas saCivris miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb misi dauSveblobis gamo,
romelzec SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.
muxli 240. axali gadawyvetileba

1. saCivari ganixileba sasamarTlo sxdomaze. mxareTa gamoucxadebloba ar
abrkolebs saCivris ganxilvas. Tu saCivris
ganxilvis Sedegad aRmoCndeba, rom dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba unda gauqmdes, sasamarTlo ganCinebiT auqmebs dauswrebel
427
gadawyvetilebas, ris Semdegac iwyeba sarCelis ganxilva.

2. Tu ar arsebobs dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZveli, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba saCivris daukmayofileblobisa da dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis ZalaSi datovebis Sesaxeb.
3. sasamarTlos ganCineba saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmisa da dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis ZalaSi datovebis
Taobaze dauswrebel gadawyvetilebasTan
erTad gasaCivrdeba saapelacio wesiT.
4. gamoucxadeblobiT gamowveuli xarjebi daekisreba gamoucxadebel mxares imisgan damoukideblad, gasaCivrebis Sedegad
man saqme mTlianad moigo, Tu _ nawilobriv.
1. dauswrebel gadawyvetilebaze saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebis Sesaxeb ganCinebiT daniSnul dRes (239e muxlis me-2 nawili) gamarTul sxdomaze sasamarTlo
arkvevs hqonda Tu ara adgili garemoebebs, romlebmac xeli SeuSales mxaris gamocxadebas sasamarTloSi, e. i. gamowveuli iyo Tu ara mxaris gamoucxadebloba sapatio mizeziT (233-e da 241-e muxlebi). esaa am sasamarTlo sxdomis gadasawyveti mTavari da ZiriTadi sakiTxi. Tu aseTi garemoebebi dadasturdeba, dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba unda gauqmdes da saqmis
ganxilva unda ganaxldes (241-e muxli), ris Sesaxebac
sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelic ar gasaCivrdeba. ise rogorc nebismieri sxva ganCineba, es ganCinebac SeiZleba gamotanil iqnes saTaTbiro oTaxSi gausvlelad da oqmSi SetaniT (284-e muxlis me-3 nawili).
- am muxlis pirveli nawilis danawesis mixedviT saCivari, romelic miRebulia gansaxilvelad 239-e muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes mxareTa (erT-erTis an orives) gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSic, magram es wesi ver gavrceldeba sarCelis ganx428
ilvaze, e.i. Tu saCivris ganxilvaze ar gamocxadda erTerTi an orive mxare, sasamarTlo ver ganixilavs sarCels: isini xom mowveuli iyvnen saCivris da ara sarCelis ganxilvaze. garda amisa, saCivris dakmayofilebisa
da dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Semdeg saqmis ganxilva SeiZleba imave sxdomaze gagrZeldes, Tu
am sxdomaze gamocxadebuli mxareebi an erT-erTi mxare motivirebul uars ar acxadebs amis winaaRmdeg da
sasamarTlos azriT Tu arsebobs saqmis ganxilvis yvela piroba, kerZod, Tu saWiro araa mowmeebis, eqspertebis, specialistebis da a. S. mowveva da dakiTxva.
_ Tu saqmis ganxilva amave sxdomaze araa SesaZlebeli, sasamarTlo axlo momavalSi mTavar sxdomas daniSnavs ris Sesaxebac iqve acnobebs mxareebs da afrTxilebs maT gamoucxadeblobis Sedegebis Sesaxeb, rasac oqmSi xelismoweriT adastureben mxareebi. mxares,
an saqmeSi monawile sxva pirebs (mowmeebs, eqspertebs,
specialistebs), romlebic am sxdomas ar eswrebodnen,
sasamarTlo atyobinebs axali sxdomis Sesaxeb 70-78-e
muxliT dadgenili wesiT. aseTi wesiT saqmis ganxilvis Semdeg, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs axali gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayofilebis an dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, romelic SeiZleba gasaCivrdes saapelacio wesiT.
2. Tu aRmoCndeba, rom dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Taobaze Semotanili saCivari araa dasabuTebuli, e. i. mxaris gamoucxadebloba ar iyo gamowveuli sapatio mizeziT, sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmisa da dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis ZalaSi datovebis Sesaxeb.
3. rogorc ganCineba saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, ise axali gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes saapelacio wesiT.
4. xarjebi, romlebic mxareebma gaswies dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde, nawildeba mxareebs
Soris 53-e muxlis mixedviT (ix. am muxlis komentari),
e. i. Cveulebrivi wesiT.
429
_ gamoucxadeblobiT gamowveul xarjebSi igulisxmeba mxolod is xarjebi, rac gamowveulia dauswrebel gadawyvetilebaze saCivris ganxilviT, am saCivris
ganxilvis Sedegad sasamarTlos mier miRebuli ganCinebebisa da gadawyvetilebebis gasaCivrebiT. am xarjebis gadaxda daekisreba im mxares, visi gamoucxadeblobis gamoc iyo gamotanili gasaCivrebuli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba. am SemTxvevaSi mniSvneloba ar
aqvs vis sasargeblod damTavrda dauswrebel gadawyvetilebaze Setanili saCivris ganxilva.

gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis
safuZvlebi
dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba unda gauqmdes da saqmis ganxilva ganaxldes, Tu arsebobs 233-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebi, an Tu mxaris gamoucxadebloba
gamowveuli iyo sxva sapatio mizeziT, romlis Sesaxebac mas ar SeeZlo Tavis droze
ecnobebina sasamarTlosaTvis.
_ es muxli gansazRvravs im garemoebaTa wres, romelTa arsebobis SemTxvevaSi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba unda gauqmdes da saqmis ganxilva ganaxldes.
es garemoebebi miTiTebulia 233-e muxlis pirvel nawilSi (ix. am muxlis komentari), magram am muxlis CamonaTvali araa amomwuravi. momCivans SeuZlia miuTiTos
sxva iseT garemoebebze, magaliTad, satransporto
SemTxvevaze (avtoavariaze), roca igi midioda sasamarTlo sxdomaze da, romlis Sesaxeb mas ar SeeZlo droulad ecnobebina sasamarTlosaTvis.
_ im garemoebaTa damtkicebis tvirTi, romlebzec
miuTiTebs mxare Tavis saCivarSi, rogorc gamoucxadeblobis sapatio mizezze ekisreba momCivans. am garemoe-
430
baTa Sefaseba im TvalsazrisiT Tu ramdenad sapatioa

gamoucxadebloba _ sasamarTlos uflebamosilebaa.
muxli 242. ganmeorebiTi

dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba
1. mxares ara aqvs ufleba, saCivari Seitanos dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis moTxovniT, Tu mis mimarT erTxel ukve
gamotanilia dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba.
2. sasamarTlos ganmeorebiT dauswrebel
gadawyvetilebaze SeiZleba mxolod saapelacio saCivris Setana.
1. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mxare ar gamocxaddeba
sasamarTlo sxdomaze, romelzec pirveli dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Semdeg ganixileba
saqme arsebiTad, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganmeorebiTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba. ganmeorebiTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba aris gadawyvetileba, romelic meoredaa gamotanili erTi da igive piris dauswreblobis gamo. amitom, dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, romelic Tumca meored gamoaqvs sasamarTlos,
magram ara im piris mimarT viszec adre iyo gamotanili
pirveli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba -ar iqneba ganmeorebiTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba da igi SeiZleba gasaCivrdes rogorc pirveli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba.
2. ganmeorebiTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba aRar
SeiZleba gasaCivrdes mis gamomtan sasamarTloSi. igi
SeiZleba gasaCivrdes mxolod saapelacio (366-e muxli) an sakasacio wesiT (392-e muxli).
431
T a v i XXVI I
sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba
muxli 243. saboloo gadawyvetileba
1. pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos dadgenileba, romliTac saqme wydeba arsebiTad, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs gadawyvetilebis formiT.
2. Tu gadawyvetileba gamoaqvs kolegiur sasamarTlos, igi dadgenil unda iqnes
xmebis umravlesobiT. arc erT mosamarTles ara aqvs ufleba Tavi Seikavos xmis
micemisagan. Tavmjdomare xmas aZlevs mosamarTleebis Semdeg. mosamarTles, romelic
ar eTanxmeba umravlesobas, SeuZlia werilobiT Camoayalibos Tavisi gansxvavebuli
azri. gansxvavebuli azri daerTvis saqmes,
magram sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazSi ar
gamocxaddeba. mosamarTleebs ufleba ara
aqvT gaaxmauron TaTbiris dros gamarTuli msjeloba.
1. sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ramdenime saxis dadgenileba, rogoricaa ganCineba, gadawyvetileba, gadaxdis
brZaneba, brZaneba lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb.
ganCineba _ esaa sasamarTlos dadgenileba, romliTac
saqme arsebiTad ar wydeba (284-e muxli). gadaxdis
brZaneba _ esaa davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb
saqmis gamartivebuli wesiT miRebuli sasamarTlos
dadgenileba, romelic avalebs mowinaaRmdege mxares
(movales) gadaixados am brZanebaSi miTiTebuli Tanxa
(303-e muxli). brZaneba lizingis sagnis dabrunebis
Sesaxeb _ esaa saqmis gamartivebuli wesiT miRebuli
sasamarTlos dadgenileba, lizingis sagnis gamcemis
432
mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb

(3096-e muxli).
sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba _ esaa saqarTvelos
saxeliT gamotanili sasamarTlos dadgenileba, romliTac saqme arsebiTad wydeba.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs kolegiuri sasamarTlos mier gadawyvetilebis gamotanis wess. gansxvavebuli azri, romelic aqvs kolegiuri sasamarTlos ama Tu im wevrs, ar gamocxaddeba, magram Tu igi
werilobiT iqneba Camoyalibebuli, daerTvis saqmes.
gansxvavebuli azris werilobiT Camoyalibebis movaleoba ar arsebobs. gansxvavebuli azris qona mosamarTlis uflebaa da ara movaleoba. radgan gansxvavebuli azri daerTvis saqmes, misi gacnobis ufleba aqvT
mxareebs, radgan maT àqvT ufleba gaecnon saqmis masalebs~ (83-e muxli).
muxli 244. sakiTxebi, romlebic unda

gadawydes gadawyvetilebis
gamotanis dros
gadawyvetilebis gamotanisas sasamarTlo
afasebs mtkicebulebebs, gansazRvravs, Tu
saqmisaTvis arsebiTi mniSvnelobis mqone romeli garemoebebia dadgenili da romeli _
daudgeneli, romeli kanoni unda iqnes gamoyenebuli am saqmeze da dakmayofilebul
unda iqnes Tu ara sarCeli.
_ jer kidev saTaTbiro oTaxSi gasvlamde da gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde sasamarTlos ukve aqvs Camoyalibebuli Tavisi mosazrebebi saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebaTa Sesaxeb, maT Sefasebas sasamarTlo iwyebs
jer kidev saqmis momzadebis stadiaze da sasamarTlo
sxdomaze, sadac mxareebi zepirad ayalibeben TavianT
mosazrebebs am mtkicebulebaTa Sesaxeb. miuxedavad
amisa, sasamarTlo saTaTbiro oTaxSi kidev erTxel da
433
sabolood afasebs mtkicebulebebs jer erTi, maTi

sarwmunoobisa Tu utyuarobis TvalsazrisiT da meore, ra daskvnebis gakeTeba SeiZleba maT safuZvelze
mtkicebis saganSi Semavali faqtobrivi garemoebebis
arseboba _ ararsebobis Sesaxeb. swored aq, saTaTbiro
oTaxSi, gadawyvetilebis Camoyalibebis win, sasamarTlom sabolood unda gaarkvios: a) saqmeSi arsebuli romeli mtkicebuleba unda CaiTvalos sarwmunod (utyuarad) da romeli ara; b) saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone romeli garemoeba (romelzec mxareebi amyareben TavianT moTxovnasa da Sesagebels) iTvleba damtkicebulad da romeli ara; g) romeli garemoebebis Sesaxeb
ar davoben mxareebi (udavo faqtebi); d) romeli kanoni unda iqnes gamoyenebuli da dakmayofildes Tu ara
sarCeli. gadawyvetilebis Sinaarsi ar amoiwureba mxolod am sakiTxebis gadaWriT (249-e muxli), magram es is
fundamenturi sakiTxebia, romelTa gadaWris gareSe
gadawyvetilebis gamotana SeuZlebelia.
_ amasTan erTad sasamarTlom Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT pasuxi unda gasces sarCelSi wamoyenebul da ganxilul yvela moTxovnas. rogorc sasarCelo gancxadebidan da sakasacio saCivris Sinaarsidan irkveva _ naTqvamia sakasacio sasamarTlos erT-erT ganCinebaSi _ mosarCele sasamarTloSi ayenebda or moTxovnas. saapelacio sasamarTlom gaauqma gadawyvetileba, magram axali gadawyvetilebis gamotanis dros ar gadawyvita orive moTxovna, riTac daarRvia ssk-is 244-e muxlis danawesi. `saqmis xelaxla ganxilvis dros saapelacio palatam unda imsjelos kasatoris orive moTxovnaze da kanonis Sesabamisad gadawyvitos dayenebuli sakiTxebi~.31
muxli 245. nawilobrivi

gadawyvetileba
1. Tu erT sarCelSi gaerTianebuli ram31
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze #5,2001,gv.565
434
denime moTxovnidan, agreTve ramdenime mosarCelis mier an ramdenime mopasuxis mimarT wardgenili moTxovnebidan erT-erTi
garkveulia da momzadebulia gadawyvetilebis gamosatanad, sasamarTlos SeuZlia
mxareTa TxovniT gamoitanos nawilobrivi
gadawyvetileba am moTxovnis mimarT.
2. nawilobrivi gadawyvetileba, dainteresebuli mxaris TxovniT, sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac aRZruli iyo Segebebuli sarCeli, garkveulia da gadawyvetilebis gamosatanad
momzadebulia erT-erTi _ sarCeli an Segebebuli sarCeli.
1. a) mosarCeles SeuZlia erT sarCelSi gaaerTianos
am sasamarTlos gansjadi ramdenime moTxovna erTi da
imave mopasuxis mimarT (182-e muxlis pirveli nawili).
Tu ramdenime moTxovnidan erT-erTi, an maTi nawili ukve garkveulia da mzadaa gadasawyvetad, sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos maT mimarT nawilobrivi gadawyvetileba, im SemTxvevaSi Tu mxare Suamdgomlobs
amis Sesaxeb. mxedvelobaSia dainteresebuli mxare da
ara aucileblad orive mxare erTdroulad.
b) ramdenime mosarCeles SeuZlia aRZras sarCeli
erTi an ramdenime mopasuxis mimarT (86-e muxli). Tu am
ramdenime mosarCelis moTxovnidan erT-erTi mosarCelis moTxovna garkveulia da mzadaa gadawyvetilebis gamosatanad _ sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos nawilobrivi gadawyvetileba dainteresebuli mxaris
SuamdgomlobiT am moTxovnis mimarT.
2. rogorc wesi, ZiriTad da Segebebul sarCelze gamodis erTiani gadawyvetileba. es Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvris erT-erTi mizanicaa (188-e muxlis pirveli nawili). magram Tu garkveulia da mzadaa gadasawyvetad erT-erTi maTgani (ZiriTadi an Segebebuli), sa435
samarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos gadawyvetileba am

erT-erTi sarCelis mimarT, ris Sesaxebac miTiTebuli
unda iyos am nawilobriv gadawyvetilebaSi. yvela SemTxvevaSi Segebebuli sarCelis uyuradRebod datoveba, rogorc amis Sesaxeb miuTiTa sakasacio sasamarTlom, yovlad dauSvebelia.32
muxli 246. winaswari (Sualeduri)

gadawyvetileba
1. Tu sadavoa sasarCelo moTxovnis rogorc faqtobrivi safuZveli, aseve am moTxovnis moculoba (odenoba), sasamarTlos
SeuZlia gamoitanos winaswari gadawyvetileba sasarCelo moTxovnis faqtobrivi safuZvlis Sesaxeb.
2. aseTi winaswari gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes apelaciis wesiT. kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg mas eqneba preiudiciuli Zala sasamarTlos meore gadawyvetilebisaTvis, romelic moTxovnis moculobas gansazRvravs.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, winaswari (Sualeduri) ewodeba iseT gadawyvetilebas, romelic gamodis sarCelis mxolod erT-erTi elementis, kerZod,
misi safuZvlis mimarT. sarCelis safuZvelSi Sedian
da mas qmnian garemoebebi, romlebsac emyareba da romlebic faqtobrivad asabuTeben mis meore elements _
sarCelis sagans anu sasarCelo moTxovnas.
_ aseTi winaswari gadawyvetilebis gamotana SeiZleba gamarTlebuli iyos mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac moTxovnis faqtobrivi safuZveli dadgenilia
da raime eWvs ar iwvevs, xolo TviTon moTxovnis moculobis (odenobis) dadgena Tu gansazRvra dakavSire32
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2001,#4, gv.382
436
bulia mravalricxovan gaangariSebebTan, moTxovnili

sagnebis moculobis, odenobisa da xarisxis gansazRvrasTan da a. S.
2. winaswari gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes
ara marto saapelacio wesiT, aramed sakasacio wesiT
Tu igi gamotanilia saapelacio sasamarTlos mier.
aseT winaswar gadawyvetilebas, Tu igi Seva kanonier
ZalaSi, eqneba preiudiciuli Zala, meore, e. i. moTxovnis moculobis ganmsazRvreli gadawyvetilebisaTvis. es imas niSnavs, rom winaswari (Sualeduri) gadawyvetilebiT dadgenili faqtobrivi garemoebebi aRar
saWiroeben kvlav dadgenas da dadasturebas meore gadawyvetilebis gamotanisas, romelic moTxovnis moculobas gansazRvravs.
muxli 247. gadawyvetilebis

Camoyalibeba
1. gadawyvetilebas werilobiTi formiT
Camoayalibebs mosamarTle.
2. Tu gadawyvetileba gamoaqvs kolegiur sasamarTlos, gadawyvetilebas Camoayalibebs am sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare an erTerTi mosamarTle da xels awers yvela mosamarTle, romlebic monawileobdnen mis
dadgenaSi, maT Soris, gansxvavebuli azris
mqone mosamarTle. gadawyvetilebaSi Setanil Sesworebas SeniSvna unda gaukeTdes
mosamarTleTa xelmowerebis win.
1. es muxli gansazRvravs sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis formas, gadawyvetileba SeiZleba Camoyalibdes
werilobiTi formiT.
2. gadawyvetilebas wers mosamarTle. Tu saqmes ixilavs kolegiuri sasamarTlo, maSin gadawyvetileba SeiZleba daweros erT-erTma mosamarTlem, maT Soris kolegiuri sasamarTlos Tavmjdomarem. rogorc wesi, ga437
dawyvetilebas wers momxsenebeli mosamarTle. gadawyvetilebas xels awers yvela mosamarTle, maT Soris
mosamarTle, romelic ar eTanxmeba umravlesobiT miRebul am gadawyvetilebas da aqvs Tavisi gansxvavebuli pozicia.
_ arsebobs gadawyvetilebaSi Sesworebis Setanis
ori wesi, erTi _ roca Sesworebis Setanis aucilebloba warmoiSoba saTaTbiro oTaxSi da meore _ roca Sesworebis Setanis aucilebloba warmoiSoba gadawyvetilebis Camoyalibebis Semdeg.
_ Tu Sesworebis (SeniSvnis) aucilebloba warmoiSoba saTaTbiro oTaxSi, maSin TviTon gadawyvetilebaSi SeiZleba gakeTdes es Sesworeba (Casworeba), amasTan, Tu sityva an fraza unda gadaiSalos, aseTi gadaSla ise unda moxdes, rom SesaZlebeli iyos imis amokiTxva, Tu ra ewera iq gadaSlamde, xolo mis Tavze unda moxdes Camateba. gadawyvetilebaSi unda Caiweros:
èndeT Casworebuls~ da xeli unda moaweros yvela im
mosamarTlem, romlebic xels aweren gadawyvetilebas.
dasaSvebia gadawyvetilebis xelmeored Camoyalibeba Tu Casworebebi bevria.
_ Sesworebebis (gasworebebis) Setana gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebis Semdeg SeiZleba moxdes 260-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT.

gadawyvetilebebis farglebi
sasamarTlos ufleba ar aqvs miakuTvnos
Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT mxares is, rac mas
ar uTxovia, an imaze meti, vidre is moiTxovda.
_ es muxli dispoziciurobis principis erT-erTi
konkretuli gamovlinebaa. sasamarTlo SeboWilia mosarCelis moTxovnis farglebiT, mopasuxis Segebebuli moTxovnis, agreTve mesame piris sasarCelo moT438
xovnis farglebiT. moTxovnis (sarCelis sagnis) Secvlis an misi gadidebis ufleba aqvs mxolod mosarCeles (83-e muxlis me-2 nawili).
_ sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba unda Seicavdes pasuxs mosarCelis mier gancxadebul moTxovnaze, daakmayofilos igi mTlianad an nawilobriv, an kidev uari
Tqvas mis dakmayofilebaze. e. i. sasamarTlos sruli
ufleba aqvs miakuTvnos mosarCeles imaze naklebi,
vidre igi moiTxovda, Tu sruli moculobiT gancxadebuli moTxovnis dakmayofilebis safuZveli ver dasturdeba, magram mas ufleba ar aqvs miakuTvnos mosarCeles imaze meti, vidre is moiTxovda, saqmis masalebiT kidec rom dasturdebodes ufro metis moTxovnis safuZveli. sakasacio sasamarTlo yovelTvis auqmebs gadawyvetilebas, rodesac darRveulia am muxlis
danawesi.33
muxli 249. gadawyvetilebis Sinaarsi

1. gadawyvetileba Sedgeba Sesavali, aRwerilobiTi, samotivacio da sarezolucio nawilebisagan.
2. gadawyvetilebis Sesaval nawilSi aRiniSneba misi gamotanis dro da adgili,
gadawyvetilebis gamomtani sasamarTlos dasaxeleba da Semadgenloba, sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivani, mxareebi, warmomadgenlebi, davis sagani.
3. gadawyvetilebis aRwerilobiTi nawili unda Seicavdes miTiTebas mosarCelis
moTxovnasa da mopasuxis Sesagebelze.
4. gadawyvetilebis samotivacio nawilSi
unda aRiniSnos sasamarTlos mier dadgenili garemoebani, mtkicebulebani, romlebsac emyareba sasamarTlos daskvnebi, mo33
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2000,#3, gv.113.
439
sazrebani, romlebiTac sasamarTlo uaryofs ama Tu im mtkicebulebas, da kanonebi, romlebiTac sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobda.
5. gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawili
unda Seicavdes sasamarTlos daskvnas sarCelis dakmayofilebis an sarCelze mTlianad an nawilobriv uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb,
miTiTebas sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawilebis Taobaze, agreTve miTiTebas gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis vadasa da wesze.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis struqturas. gadawyvetileba
zustad unda pasuxobdes am struqturas da Camoyalibdes im TanmimdevrobiT, rogorsac es muxli gvTavazobs.
2. Tu gadawyvetilebaSi araa miTiTebuli misi gamotanis adgili, maSin iTvleba, rom sasamarTlos misamarTi aris misi gamotanis adgili. gadawyvetilebaSi miTiTebuli misi gamomtani sasamarTlos dasaxeleba unda
emTxveodes oqmSi miTiTebul sasamarTlos Semadgenlobas. Tu ar emTxveva _ es SeiZleba gaxdes gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZveli, radgan gadawyvetileba
gamotanilia ara im mosamarTleebis mier, romlebmac
ganixiles saqme, e. i. sasamarTlos arakanonieri Semadgenlobis mier (394-e muxlis à~ qvepunqti).
_ gadawyvetilebis miRebis TariRi unda emTxveodes im dRes, roca sasamarTlom gamoitana gadawyvetileba (sarezolucio Tu motivirebuli). arasworia praqtika, rodesac motivirebuli gadawyvetileba im TariRiT gamoaqvT, rac gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawils hqonda. sasamarTlos ar ekadreba tyuili, magram
amis araviTari aucileblobac araa: kanoni uflebas aZlevs sasamarTlos gadados motivirebuli gadawyvetilebis gamotana 14 dRiT (257-e muxli).
3. gadawyvetilebis aRwerilobiT nawilSi mokled
440
magram naTlad da gasagebad unda aRiniSnos: a) sasarCelo moTxovnis Sinaarsi, xolo Tu mosarCelem Secvala Tavisi moTxovna (sarCelis sagani), unda aRiniSnos
raSi gamoixateba es cvlileba; b) garemoebebi, romlebsac emyareba sarCeli; g) mtkicebulebebi, romlebsac
miuTiTebs mosarCele am garemoebebis dasadastureblad; d) mopasuxis Sesageblis mokle Sinaarsi; e) garemoebebi, romlebsac emyareba Sesagebeli; v) mtkicebulebebi, romlebzec miuTiTebs mopasuxe Tavisi Sesageblis dasadastureblad. igive unda iTqvas Segebebuli sarCelisa da mesame piris sarCelis Sinaarsis gadmocemaze, Tu isini aRZruli iyo.
aqve aRwerilobiT nawilSi miTiTebuli unda iyos
mxareTa mier warmodgenili da gadawyvetilebisaTvis
mniSvnelobis mqone romel garemoebebze ar davoben
mxareebi da romeli aris sadavo, ris gamoc maT mimarT
Segrovda mtkicebulebebi.
4. samotivacio nawili gadawyvetilebis erT-erTi
yvelaze mniSvnelovani nawilia. aq xdeba gadawyvetilebis faqtobrivi da iuridiuli dasabuTeba.
gadawyvetilebis samotivacio nawili mTlianad sasamarTlos Semoqmedebaa, radgan aq poulobs Tavis
konkretul gamoxatulebas misi Sinagani rwmena, romelic mas Camouyalibda saqmis masalebze dayrdnobiT
da kanoni, romelic misi azriT unda iqnes gamoyenebuli am konkretuli davis gadawyvetisaTvis.
samotivacio nawilSi miTiTebuli unda iyos: a) faqtebi, romelTa arseboba-ararsebobis Sesaxeb ar davoben mxareebi (udavo faqtebi); b) faqtebi, romlebic dadgenilad cno sasamarTlom mtkicebulebebis gamoyenebiT, maT Soris mxareTa aRiarebiT; g) mtkicebulebebi, romlebsac emyareba sasamarTlo da am
mtkicebulebaTa mokle analizi.
_ mas Semdeg, rac zedmiwevniT naTlad, gasagebad
da amomwuravad iqneba miTiTebuli faqtobriv garemoebebze, romlebic sasamarTlom CaTvala dadgenilad, sasamarTlom unda miuTiTos im materialur sa441
marTlebriv normaze (normebze), romlis mixedviTac

Seafasa man dadgenili faqtobrivi garemoebebi, agreTve daasabuTos am normis gamoyenebis mizanSewoniloba. miTiTebuli unda iyos normis (kanonis) nawili,
punqti, qvepunqti da a. S.
sakasacio sasamarTlo yovelTvis auqmebs gadawyvetilebas, Tu samotivacio nawilSi araa miTiTebuli
mtkicebulebebze, romlebsac emyareba sasamarTlos
daskvnebi da kanonebze, romelTa safuZvelze moaxdina sasamarTlom dadgenili faqtobrivi garemoebebis
iuridiuli Sefaseba.34
5. sarezolucio nawili unda Camoyalibdes imperatiuli formiT, rom ar warmoiSvas araviTari eWvebi. saqme isaa, rom sarezolucio nawili mTlianad gadadis saaRsrulebo furcelSi. amitom, aq zedmiwevniT gasagebad unda iyos miTiTebuli, dakmayofilda sarCeli
mTlianad Tu nawilobriv, Tu nawilobriv _ romel nawilSi dakmayofilda da sarCelis romel nawilSi uari
eTqva mosarCeles, konkretulad ra moqmedeba unda
Seasrulos mopasuxem (gadasces mosarCeles nivTi,
fuli da a.S. ix. 261-e muxli). sarezolucio nawilSi srulad unda iyos miTiTebuli mxareTa gvari, saxeli, misamarTi, iuridiuli piris saxelwodeba da misamarTi
(ise, rogorc mis wesdebaSia).
_ gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis Tavisebureba SeiZleba ganpirobebuli iyos 254-258-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesebis gamoyenebiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
_ sagangebo yuradRebas imsaxurebs gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilSi sasamarTlo xarjebis mxareTa Soris ganawilebis sakiTxi. aq aucileblad unda iyos
miTiTebuli, romeli mxarisagan da ra odenobiT unda
iqnes gadaxdevinebuli es xarjebi, agreTve romeli mxarea ganTavisuflebuli am xarjebisagan.
_ bolos, sarezolucio nawilSi aucileblad unda
mieTiTos Tu ra wesiT SeiZleba am gadawyvetilebis ga34
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2001, #6, gv.663, #10, 2002, gv.1874.
442
saCivreba, kerZod, a) romel sasamarTloSi (saapelacio,

sakasacio) SeiZleba misi gasaCivreba; b) ra vadaSi; g) romel sasamarTloSi unda iqnes Setanili saCivari.35

sarezolucio nawilis Camoyalibeba
Tu mxareebi moiTxoven gadawyvetilebas dasabuTebis gareSe im motiviT, rom eTanxmebian
am gadawyvetilebas da uars amboben mis gasaCivrebaze, sasamarTlos SeuZlia Semoifarglos gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis
CamoyalibebiT. mosamarTle ekiTxeba mxareebs,
surT Tu ara dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis miReba da asaCivreben Tu ara mocemul
gadawyvetilebas. Tu mxareebi uars amboben
mis gasaCivrebaze, maT aseTi gancxadeba unda
daadasturon TavianTi xelmowerebiT.
_ motivirebuli gadawyvetilebis gamotana sasamarTlos movaleobaa.
mxolod erT SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia sasamarTlos Semoifarglos gadawyvetilebis mxolod sarezolucio
nawilis CamoyalibebiT: Tu mxareebi eTanxmebian gadawyvetilebas da uars amboben mis gasaCivrebaze.
_ mxareTa aseTi gancxadeba unda aisaxos oqmSi da
dadasturdes maTive xelmoweriT. mxareebs SeuZliaT
erToblivi gancxadebiTac mimarTon amis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos, romelic daerTvis oqms.
_ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ara
sarezolucio, aramed motivirebuli gadawyvetileba,
maSin erTaderTi, razedac mxareebs SeuZliaT SeTanxmdnen esaa am gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebaze uaris
Tqma (370-e muxli).
35
dawvrilebiT gadawyvetilebis aRwerilobiTi, samotivacio da

sarezolucio nawilebis agebis Sesaxeb ix.h.boelingi,l.Wanturia
samoqalaqo saqmeebze sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis
meTodika. g-ba jisiai, Tb. 2003
443

aRsrulebis wesisa da vadis
gansazRvra. aRsrulebis
uzrunvelyofa
Tu sasamarTlo daadgens gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis gansazRvrul wessa da vadas, an miiRebs zomebs gadawyvetilebis
aRsrulebis uzrunvelsayofad, amis Sesaxeb miTiTebuli unda iqnes gadawyvetilebaSi.
_ gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawili nebismier
saqmeze gamotanil yvela gadawyvetilebaSi daaxloebiT erTnairad unda Camoyalibdes, magram zogjer SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes damatebiT iseT garemoebaze miTiTeba, rac Cveulebriv ar aisaxeba sxva gadawyvetilebaSi. magaliTad, gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilSi SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes miTiTeba imis Sesaxeb, rom
mosarCeles ufleba aqvs Seasrulos moqmedeba mopasuxisagan aucilebeli xarjebis anazRaurebiT (254-e muxli), an kidev, bankSi mopasuxis romeli angariSidan Camoiweros masze dakisrebuli Tanxa (252-e muxli), an uzrunvelyofis romeli RonisZieba iqnes gamoyenebuli am
gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis uzrunvelsayofad (271e muxli) da a. S. cxadia, rom es sakiTxebi SeiZleba ganCinebiTac mowesrigdes, Tu maTi ganxilva da gadawyveta
moxda gadawyvetilebis gamotanis Semdeg.
muxli 252. gadawyvetileba

iuridiuli pirisagan fuladi
Tanxebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb
iuridiuli pirisagan fuladi Tanxebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis gamotanisas sasamarTlos SeuZlia mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT sarezolucio nawilSi miu444
TiTos gadasaxdeli Tanxis xasiaTze, agreTve imaze, Tu bankSi mopasuxis romeli Tanxidan unda Camoiweros dakisrebuli Tanxa.
_ gadasaxdeli Tanxis xasiaTze da imaze, Tu bankSi
mopasuxis romeli Tanxidan unda Camoiweros masze dakisrebuli Tanxa, dasaSvebia mxolod mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT. sasamarTlo Tavisi iniciativiT am sakiTxs
ar wyvets.
aRsrulebis aseTi wesi uwinares yovlisa mimarTulia movalis interesebis dacvisaken. magram Tu aRsruleba am wesiT ver xerxdeba, maSin aseTi miTiTeba
srulebiT ar zRudavs aRmasrulebels. mopasuxe pasuxs agebs mTeli Tavisi qonebiT da sarezolucio nawilis aseTi miTiTebis miuxedavad aRmasrulebels SeuZlia mopasuxis sxva qonebidanac moaxdinos aRsruleba, Tu es ama Tu im mizezis gamo ver xerxdeba sarezolucio nawilSi miTiTebuli wesis dacviT.
muxli 253. gadawyvetileba qonebis

mikuTvnebis an misi Rirebulebis
gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb
qonebis naturiT mikuTvnebis dros sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaSi miuTiTebs am qonebis Rirebulebaze, romelic unda gadaxdes mopasuxes, Tu gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebisas aRniSnuli qoneba mas ar aRmoaCndeba.
_ am muxliT dadgenili wesi, warmoadgens gadawyvetilebis realurad aRsrulebis erT-erT garantias. igi
aTavisuflebs mosarCeles kvlav aRZras sarCeli qonebis (nivTis) Rirebulebis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb
iseT SemTxvevebSi, rodesac gadawyvetilebiT mikuTvnebuli qoneba gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebisas ar
aRmoaCndeba movales (mopasuxes).
445
_ qonebis Rirebulebis gansazRvra unda moxdes Semdegnairad: Tu mikuTvnebuli qoneba individualurad

gansazRvruli nivTebisagan Sedgeba, maSin sasamarTlom unda gansazRvros TiToeuli nivTi cal-calke da
maTi saerTo Rirebuleba erTobliobaSi. xolo Tu mikuTvnebuli nivTebi xasiaTdebian gvareobiTi niSnebiT, maSin sasamarTlo gansazRvravs maT saerTo Rirebulebas.
_ qonebis Rirebulebis gansazRvrisas sasamarTlos
muxli 254. gadawyvetileba, romelic

mopasuxes avalebs gansazRvruli
moqmedebis Sesrulebas
1. iseTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanisas, romelic mopasuxes avalebs gansazRvruli moqmedebis Sesrulebas, rac dakavSirebuli ar
aris qonebis an fuladi Tanxebis gadacemasTan, sasamarTlos imave gadawyvetilebaSi SeuZlia miuTiTos, rom, Tu mopasuxe
gadawyvetilebas ar Seasrulebs dadgenil
vadaSi, mosarCeles ufleba aqvs es moqmedeba Seasrulos mopasuxisagan aucilebeli
xarjebis anazRaurebiT.
2. Tu aRniSnuli moqmedeba SeiZleba Seasrulos mxolod mopasuxem, sasamarTlo
gadawyvetilebaSi daadgens vadas, romlis
ganmavlobaSic gadawyvetileba unda aRsruldes.
1. am muxls ara aqvs mxedvelobaSi mopasuxis iseTi
moqmedeba, romelic dakavSirebulia mosarCelisaTvis
fuladi Tanxis, an raime qonebis gadacemasTan. Tu mopasuxe ar gadauxdis mosarCeles gadawyvetilebiT gansazRvrul Tanxas, an ar gadascems qonebas, maSin amas
446
gadawyvetilebis iZulebiT aRsrulebis wesiT gaakeTebs aRmasrulebeli.

_ am muxlis pirvel nawils mxedvelobaSi aqvs iseTi
moqmedeba, romelsac Tu mopasuxe ar Seasrulebs SeuZlia Seasrulos mosarCelem. magaliTad, sasamarTlom
daakmayofila sarCeli sacxovrebeli farTis gamoyofis
Sesaxeb, rac dakavSirebulia garkveuli sarekonstruqcio samuSaobis CatarebasTan, vTqvaT tixrebis amoSenebasTan. sasamarTlos SeuZlia gadawyvetilebaSi miuTiTos, rom Tu mopasuxe garkveul vadaSi ar Seasrulebs am samuSaos, igi SeuZlia Seasrulos mosarCelem,
magram xarjebi, rac mosarCelem gaiRo am samuSaos SesrulebisaTvis, unda aanazRauros mopasuxem.
2. aris iseTi moqmedeba, romlis Sesruleba damokidebulia mxolod da mxolod mopasuxis (movalis) nebaze da amitom, mas sxva ver Seasrulebs. magaliTad, pativisa da Rirsebis Semlaxavi cnobebis uaryofa, bavSvis gadacema aRsazrdelad da sxva. Tu mopasuxe gadawyvetilebiT daniSnul vadaSi ar Seasrulebs am moqmedebas, maSin gamoyenebuli unda iqnes RonisZiebebi,
romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia `saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb~ kanonis 87-e muxliT (fuladi jarima, sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgebloba). am RonisZiebaTa gamoyenebis dros sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobs miTiTebuli 87-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT.
muxli 255. gadawyvetileba

saxelmwifo organoebis,
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis
organoebis, sazogadoebrivi
organizaciebisa da Tanamdebobis
pirebis moqmedebebisa da
gadawyvetilebebis arakanonierebis
Sesaxeb
1. saxelmwifo organoebis, TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis, sazogadoebrivi orga447
nizaciebisa da Tanamdebobis pirebis moqmedebebisa da gadawyvetilebebis arakanonierad cnobis Sesaxeb sarCelis dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo aseT moqmedebas an gadawyvetilebas aRiarebs arakanonierad, avalebs Sesabamis organosa Tu
Tanamdebobis pirs daakmayofilos moqalaqis moTxovna, auqmebs mis mimarT gamoyenebuli pasuxismgeblobis RonisZiebas an sxva
gziT aRadgens mis darRveul Tu sadavo
uflebasa da Tavisuflebas.
2. normatiuli aqtis arakanonierebis aRiarebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilSi miTiTebuli unda iyos, rom
es aqti baTilad iTvleba misi miRebis momentidan.
3. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba normatiuli aqtis arakanonierebis Sesaxeb unda
gamoqveyndes masobrivi informaciis im saSualebiT, romelSic es normatiuli aqti
iyo gamoqveynebuli.
1. am muxlis pirvel nawilSi igulisxmeba sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi, romlebic gamotanilia saxelmwifo organoebis, TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis, sazogadoebrivi organizaciebisa da am organoebis Tanamdebobis pirebis mimarT: a) maTi moqmedebis arakanonierebis (aramarTlzomierebis) Sesaxeb da b) maT mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebis arakanonierad (baTilad)
cnobis Sesaxeb.
_ es muxli gansazRvravs am kategoriis saqmeebze
gamotanil sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa Sinaarss.
garda im monacemebisa, romlebsac unda Seicavdes nebismier saqmeze gamotanili gadawyvetileba, am saqmeebze gamotanil gadawyvetilebebSi miTiTebuli unda
iyos: a) am muxlSi aRniSnuli organoebisa da Tanamdebobis pirebis mier miRebul gadawyvetilebaTa an moq448
medebaTa arakanonierebis (aramarTlzomierebis) Sesaxeb; b) davaleba am organoebisadmi da Tanamdebobis pirisadmi daakmayofilos moqalaqis moTxovna; g) mosarCelis mimarT gamoyenebuli pasuxismgeblobis RonisZiebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb.
2. gadawyvetileba ar SeiZleba Semoifarglos normatiuli aqtis arakanonierebis aRiarebiT, sarezolucio nawilSi unda mieTiTos am aqtis baTilad cnobis
Sesaxebac.
3. am muxlis me-3 nawili Seicavs kategoriul moTxovnas gadawyvetilebis gamoqveynebis Sesaxeb. mxedvelobaSia ara mTeli gadawyvetileba, aramed mxolod
misi sarezolucio nawili. amis Sesaxeb miTiTebas Seicavs saqarTvelos administraciuli saproceso kodeqsis 32-e muxlis me-6 nawili. romlis Tanaxmad `sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawili unda gamoqveyndes imave wesiT, ra wesiTac iyo gamoqveynebuli normatiuli aqti~.36
muxli 256. gadawyvetileba ramdenime

mosarCelis sasargeblod an
ramdenime mopasuxis winaaRmdeg
1. Tu gadawyvetileba gamotanilia ramdenime mosarCelis sasargeblod, sasamarTlom unda miuTiTos, Tu ra wili ekuTvnis
TiToeul maTgans, an aRniSnos, rom gadaxdevinebis ufleba solidarulia.
2. Tu gadawyvetileba gamotanilia ramdenime mopasuxis winaaRmdeg, sasamarTlom
unda miuTiTos, Tu TiToeulma mopasuxem
gadawyvetilebis ra wili unda Seasrulos,
an aRniSnos, rom maTi pasuxismgebloba solidarulia.
36
ix. m.vaCaZe, i.Todria, m.turava, n.wkeplaZe. saqarTvelos

administraciuli saproceso kodeqsis komentari, Tb. 2005, gv.188
449
Tanamonawileobis dros (86-e muxli) sarCeli SeiZleba wardgenil iqnes erTad ramdenime mosarCelis
mier an ramdenime mopasuxis winaaRmdeg. aseT SemTxvevaSi gveqneba mosarCeleebisa da mopasuxeebis simravle.
1. sasamarTlo yovelTvis valdebulia miuTiTos Tavisi gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilSi Tu ra wili ekuTvnis TiToeul mosarCeles, roca gadawyvetileba maT sasargeblodaa gamotanili, aseTi movaleobisagan sasamarTlo Tavisufldeba, roca mosarCeleebi solidaruli kreditorebi arian, rogorc amas samoqalaqo kodeqsis 455-262-e muxlebi iTvaliswinebs.
aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo uTiTebs Tavisi gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilSi, rom gadaxdevineba
solidarulia.
2. sasamarTlo yovelTvis valdebulia miuTiTos
Tavisi gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilSi, rom
TiToeulma mopasuxem gadawyvetilebis ra nawili unda Seasrulos. aseTi movaleobisagan sasamarTlo Tavisufldeba, roca pasuxismgebloba solidarulia (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 463-e muxli), ris Sesaxebac miTiTebuli unda iyos gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilSi.
muxli 257. gadawyvetilebis gamotana

1. saqmis zepiri ganxilvis Semdeg cxaddeba gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawili. saqmis moculobidan da sirTulidan
gamomdinare gadawyvetilebis gamocxadeba
SeiZleba gadaidos sxva droisaTvis. dasabuTebuli gadawyvetileba gamocxaddeba,
Tu amas sasamarTlo mizanSewonilad miiCnevs. Tavmjdomare an mosamarTle, romelmac gamoacxada gadawyvetileba, ganmartavs
450
am gadawyvetilebis Sinaarss, misi gasaCivrebis wessa da vadas.

2. gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis gamocxadebidan 14 dRis vadaSi sasamarTlo amzadebs dasabuTebul gadawyvetilebas mxareTaTvis gadasacemad.
3. am muxlis me-2 nawiliT gansazRvruli
vada sakasacio sasamarTlosTvis Seadgens
erT Tves.
1. 257-e muxlis pirveli nawili ramdenime praqtikul sakiTxs awesrigebs:
pirveli - esaa gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis gamocxadeba. sarezolucio nawili unda gamocxaddes saqmis zepiri ganxilvis damTavrebis Semdeg,
magram saqmis moculobidan da sirTulidan gamomdinare gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis gamocxadebac SeiZleba gadaidos. sasamarTlom aucileblad
unda gaakeTos gancxadeba imis Sesaxeb, rom saqmis ganxilva damTavrda da gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawili gamocxadebuli iqneba garkveul dResa da saaTze.
gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawils xels unda awerdes mosamarTle an mosamarTleebi, romlebmac igi miiRes. es sarezolucio nawili Caekereba saqmeSi. Tu mas
xels ar awers mosamarTle (mosamarTleebi) aseTi sarezolucio nawili ar iTvleba gamotanilad da gamocxadebulad. es miT umetes aucilebelia iseT pirobebSi, rodesac mxareebi saerTod ar moiTxoven dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis gamotanas (ix. 250-e muxlis komentari).
meore - dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis gamocxadeba damokidebulia sasamarTlos mixedulebaze. Tu dasdabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis gamocxadeba mizanSewonilad miaCnia sasamarTlos, maSin man unda ganumartos mxareebs misi Sinaarsi, gasaCivrebis wesi da
vada.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs pirveli da
451
saapelacio sasamarTloebis mier dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis Camoyalibebis vadas. es vada damokidebulia gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis gamocxadebaze da Seadgens 14 dRes misi gamocxadebidan.
sarezolucio nawilis gamocxadebis gadadebis vadas es muxli ar gansazRvravs. sasamarTlo yovelnairad unda Seecados ar gadados misi gamocxadeba, magram,
Tu mainc gadadebs es unda moxdes rac SeiZleba mokle
vadiT (vTqvaT, araumetes 3 dRiT).
dasabuTebuli gadawyvetileba SeiZleba ar gamocxaddes (ix. am muxlis pirveli nawili), magram misi aslebi aucileblad unda gadaeces mxareebs.
- damoukideblad imisa, Tu ras acxadebs sasamarTlo - gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis Tu dasabuTebul (motivirebul) gadawyvetilebas, isini
Camoyalibebuli unda iyos werilobiTi formiT da
xels awerdes mosamarTle (mosamarTleebi). gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebas unda eswrebodes saqmis ganmxilveli yvela mosamarTle.
gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis wesi da vada unda
Camoyalibdes TviTon motivirebul gadawyvetilebaSi.
magram, Tu gamocxadda mxolod sarezolucio nawili
masSi miTiTebuli unda iyos da mxareebs unda ganemartos, rom gasaCivrebis vada daiwyeba dasabuTebuli (motivirebuli) gadawyvetilebis gadacemis, gadagzavnis
Tu gamocxadebis momentidan (369-e da 397-e muxlebi).
3. dasabuTebuli (motivirebuli) gadawyvetilebis
gamotanis vada sakasacio sasamarTloSi Seadgens erT
Tves sakasacio sasamarTlos mier gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis gamocxadebidan.
452

muxli 259. gadawyvetilebis aslebis
gagzavna mxareebisaTvis
mxareebs, TavianTi gancxadebis safuZvelze,
gadaecemaT sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis
aslebi ara ugvianes 3 dRisa gancxadebis
Semotanidan. gadawyvetilebis aslebs xels
awers sasamarTlos kancelariis mdivani da
usvams sasamarTlos beWeds.
_ am muxls mxedvelobaSi hyavs mxareebi, romlebic
eswrebodnen sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebas. amasTan erTad, mxedvelobaSia aramarto motivirebuli gadawyvetileba, aramed gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilic (257-e muxli).
_ rac Seexeba mxareebs, romlebic ar eswrebodnen
motivirebuli gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebas, aseTi motivirebuli gadawyvetilebis damowmebuli asli
maT egzavnebaT sasamarTlos iniciativiT. saqme isaa,
rom gadawyvetileba kanonier ZalaSi Sedis misi saapelacio an sakasacio wesiT gasaCivrebis vadis gasvlis
Semdeg. es vada ki iwyeba im dRidan, roca igi gadaecema
mxares (igulisxmeba gasaCivrebis uflebis mqone mxare garda iseTi SemTxvevebisa, roca gadawyvetilebis
gamocxadebas eswreboda saCivris Setanis uflebis
mqone piri (369-e da 397-e muxlebi). gadawyvetilebis
gadacemis momentad ki iTvleba am gadawyvetilebis aslis mxarisaTvis Cabareba uSualod sasamarTloSi, an
misi mxarisaTvis gadagzavna 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.
453
muxli 260. gadawyvetilebaSi

usworobaTa da aSkara ariTmetikuli
Secdomebis gasworeba
1. sasamarTlos SeuZlia mxareTa TxovniT
an Tavisi iniciativiT gaasworos gadawyvetilebaSi daSvebuli usworobani an aSkara
ariTmetikuli Secdomebi. Tu sasamarTlos
mizanSewonilad miaCnia, SesworebaTa Setanis sakiTxi SeiZleba gadawydes sasamarTlo sxdomaze. mxareebs ecnobebaT sxdomis dro da adgili, magram maTi gamoucxadebloba ar warmoadgens dabrkolebas gadawyvetilebaSi Sesworebis Setanis sakiTxis ganxilvisaTvis.
2. gadawyvetilebaSi Sesworebis Setanis
Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebaze SeiZleba
1. gadawyvetilebaSi Sesworebis Setanis wesi mas Semdeg, rac igi gamocxadda an gadaeca mxareebs, gansxvavdeba im wesisagan, rasac iTvaliswinebs 247-e muxli jer
kidev gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebamde masSi Sesworebis SetanisaTvis (ix. am muxlis komentari).
_ gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebis Semdeg masSi Sesworebis Setana SeiZleba aramarto sasamarTlos iniciativiT, aramed mxareTa da, agreTve, aRmasruleblis
iniciativiTac.
_ dauSvebelia gadawyvetilebaSi iseTi Sesworebis
Setana, romelic arsebiTad cvlis gadawyvetilebas,
mis azrsa da Sinaarss. dasaSvebia mxolod iseTi Sesworebebisa da dazustebebis Setana, rogoricaa magaliTad, mxareTa gvari, saxeli, mamis saxeli, Tu mxare iuridiuli piria _ misi saxelwodebis aRniSvna ise, rogorc es am iuridiuli piris wesdebaSia da a. S. agreTve
ariTmetikul Secdomebi, romlebmac gamoiwvia gadasaxdevinebeli Tanxis odenobis aSkarad Semcireba an
454
gadideba, magaliTad, aklia cifri `0~ an sxva nebismieri cifri, rac ise cvlis Tanxis odenobas, rom saqmis
masalebidan gamomdinare, aSkarad ar Seesabameba moTxovnis odenobas, ris Sesaxebac iyo msjeloba sasamarTlos sxdomaze.
_ gadawyvetilebaSi Sesworebis SetanisaTvis raime
vadebi gaTvaliswinebuli araa. es imas niSnavs, rom sasamarTlos es SeuZlia gaakeTos gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis damTvarebamde. rac Seexeba aRiarebiT sarCelebze gamotanil gadawyvetilebebs, romelTa iZulebiTi aRsruleba ar xdeba maTSi Sesworebebis Setana
araa Semofargluli raime vadiT.
muxli 261. damatebiTi

gadawyvetileba
1. gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi iniciativiT an mxareTa TxovniT gamoitanos damatebiTi gadawyvetileba, Tu:
a) im moTxovnis gamo, romlis Sesaxebac
mxareebma waradgines mtkicebulebani da
misces axsna-ganmartebani, gadawyvetileba
ar gamotanila;
b) sasamarTlos, romelmac gadawyvita uflebis sakiTxi, ar miuTiTebia gadasaxdeli
Tanxis odenoba, gadasacemi qoneba an moqmedeba, romelic mopasuxem unda Seasrulos;
g) sasamarTlos ar gadauwyvetia sasamarTlo xarjebis sakiTxi.
2. damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanis sakiTxi SeiZleba daisvas gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebidan 7 dRis ganmavlobaSi. am vadis gagrZeleba ar daiSveba.
3. damatebiTi gadawyvetileba sasamarTlos gamoaqvs sasamarTlo sxdomaze, rom455
lis Sesaxebac ecnobebaT mxareebs, magram

maTi gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs
aseTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanas.
4. damatebiTi gadawyvetileba SeiZleba
gasaCivrdes saapelacio wesiT.
5. damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanis pirobebs, romelTa

gaTvaliswineba savaldebuloa sasamarTlosaTvis.
a. pirveli pirobis Tanaxmad, damatebiTi gadawyvetileba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba iqnes gamotanili, Tu am saqmeze gamotanili ZiriTadi gadawyvetileba ar Seicavs pasuxs mxaris iseTi moTxovnis mimarT,
romelic marTalia iyo ganxilvis sagani, warmodgenili iyo mtkicebulebebi am moTxovnis faqtobrivi dasabuTebisaTvis, e. i. moxda misi ganxilva am kodeqsiT
dadgenili wesiT, magram sasamarTlos ratomRac gamorCa mxedvelobidan mieRo gadawyvetileba am konkretuli moTxovnis mimarT. magaliTad, sasamarTlom gamoitana gadawyvetileba mopasuxeze valis gadaxdevinebis dakisrebis Sesaxeb, magram ar miiRo gadawyvetileba procentebis Sesaxeb, romlis Taobaze mosarCelem waradgina mtkicebulebebi, moismina mxareTa axsna-ganmartebebi da a. S. an kidev, mosarCelem moiTxova
mopasuxis binidan gamosaxleba da masze binis qiris gadaxdevinebis dakisreba. sasamarTlom Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT daadgina mopasuxis binidan gamosaxleba,
magram araferi Tqva (gamorCa) masze binis qiris gadaxdevinebis dakisrebis Sesaxeb sakiTxis gadawyvetaze.
b) meore pirobis Tanaxmad, damatebiTi gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gamotanili iqnes im SemTxvevaSiac, rodesac sasamarTlom marTalia daadgina rom dakmayofildes sasarCelo moTxovna, magram ar miuTiTa arc am
456
moTxovnis odenoba da arc misi saxeoba. magaliTad, daadgina gadauxados mopasuxem Tanxa, an gadasces nivTi, magram ar miuTiTa ra odenobis Tanxa gadaixados an
ra saxis qoneba gadasces. an kidev, sasamarTlom daadgina, rom mopasuxem Seasrulos mosarCelis sasargeblod moqmedeba, magram ar miuTiTa Tu konkretulad
romeli moqmedeba (amoaSenos tixari, moangrios kedeli, amoqolos fanjara da a. S.).
g) 249-e muxlis Tanaxmad, gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawili unda Seicavdes miTiTebas sasamarTlo
xarjebis ganawilebis Taobaze. Tu mosamarTles gamorCa es da gadawyvetileba Seicavs xarvezs am TvalsazrisiT, maSin igi SeiZleba Seivsos damatebiTi gadawyvetilebiT.
_ praqtikaSi ufro gavrcelebulia iseTi SemTxvevebi, rodesac aRZruli iyo ramdenime moTxovna, sasamarTlom ganixila yvela es moTxovna, magram erT-erTi moTxovnis mimarT gadawyvetileba ar iqna miRebuli.
_ damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanis aucilebloba SeiZleba warmoiSvas rogorc ZiriTadi moTxovnis, ise Segebebuli sarCelisa da mesame piris sarCelis mimarTac.
2. am muxlis meore nawilis Tanaxmad, damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanis sakiTxi SeiZleba daisvas ZiriTadi gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebidan 7-dRis ganmavlobaSi. am muxlis danawesi ise unda gavigoT, rom
ZiriTadi gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebas eswrebodnen
mxareebi. magram, Tu gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebas ar
eswrebodnen mxareebi, an erT-erTi mxare, maSin 7-dRiani vada unda daiwyos im dRidan, rodesac mxares Cabarda motivirebuli gadawyvetileba. ufro zustad
rom vTqvaT 7-dRiani vadis dena unda daiwyos im dRidan, saidanac iwyeba gadawyvetilebis saapelacio (sakasacio) wesiT gasaCivrebis vada.
am vadis arc gagrZeleba da arc aRdgena ar daiSveba. Tu es vada gaSvebuli iqna da damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanis SesaZlebloba daikarga, maSin mxa457
res SeuZlia gaasaCivros ZiriTadi gadawyvetileba, moiTxovos misi gauqmeba da saqmis xelmeored ganxilva
im motiviT, romlebic miTiTebulia 261-e muxlis pirveli nawilis à~ da `b~ qvepunqtebSi, xolo sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawilebis sakiTxi TviTon zemdgom sasamarTlosac SeuZlia ise, rom ar gaauqmos gadawyvetileba.
3. damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanis sakiTxs
sasamarTlo wyvets saqmeTa ganxilvis saerTo wesis
dacviT, kerZod igi niSnavs sxdomas, ris Sesaxebac atyobinebs mxareebs. maTi gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanas, ver
gaxdeba dauswrebeli damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis
gamotanis safuZveli, rasac ssk saerTod ar iTvaliswinebs.
_ damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb sakiTxis
dasma da ganxilva ver SeaCerebs ZiriTadi gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlas da misi vadis denis SeCerebas.
4. damatebiTi gadawyvetileba Sedis kanonier ZalaSi im wesiT da im vadebSi, rogorc ZiriTadi gadawyvetileba (264-e muxli) da misi gasaCivreba SeiZleba imave wesiT, ra wesiTac ZiriTadi gadawyvetileba (369-e
muxli).
_ Tu jer kidev araa ganxiluli saCivari ZiriTad
gadawyvetilebaze da mxare asaCivrebs damatebiT gadawyvetilebas, maSin es meore saCivari egzavneba zemdgom sasamarTlos maTi erTad ganxilvisaTvis. Tu mxare ar asaCivrebs damatebiT gadawyvetilebas igi Sedis
kanonier ZalaSi. damatebiTi gadawyvetileba aris ZiriTadi gadawyvetilebis organuli nawili, magram, Tu
igi ar gasaCivrebula, iTvleba, rom am nawilSi ZiriTadi gadawyvetileba ar gasaCivrebula da igi Sedis kanonier ZalaSi.
5. Tu sasamarTlos azriT ar arsebobs damatebiTi
gadawyvetilebis gamotanis pirobebi, mas gamoaqvs ganCineba damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanaze uaris
458
Tqmis Sesaxeb, romelzec SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana (414-420-e muxlebi).

ganmarteba
1. gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs mxareTa an sasamarTlo
aRmasruleblis gancxadebiT, gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis xelSewyobis mizniT ganmartos gadawyvetileba sarezolucio nawilis Seucvlelad mxolod im SemTxvevaSi,
Tu gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis Sinaarsi bundovania. gancxadebis Setana gadawyvetilebis ganmartebis Sesaxeb
dasaSvebia, Tu gadawyvetileba jer ar aris
aRsrulebuli da Tu ar gasula vada, romlis ganmavlobaSic gadawyvetileba SeiZleba
aRsruldes. sasamarTlo uflebamosilia
gandawyvetilebis ganmartebis sakiTxi gadawyvitos zepiri mosmenis gareSe. sxdomis
Catarebis SemTxvevaSi mxareebs egzavneba
Setyobineba, magram maTi gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs gadawyvetilebis ganmartebis sakiTxis ganxilvas.
2. gadawyvetilebis ganmartebis Sesaxeb
sasamarTlos ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo
saCivris Setana.
1. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom gadawyvetileba mTlianad an nawilobriv ar iyos Camoyalibebuli naTlad da
garkveviT, Seicavdes urTierTgamomricxav an Seusabamo debulebebs. aseT SemTxvevaSi dasaSvebia misi ganmarteba imis aucilebeli gaTvaliswinebiT, rom ganmartebis saxiT ar moxdes gadawyvetilebis ufro zustad
ki misi sarezolucio nawilis ZiriTadi azrisa da Sinaarsis Secvala.
459
- am muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs gadawyvetilebis ganmartebis winapirobas. aseTi winapirobaa

gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis bundovneba.
_ gadawyvetilebis ganmarteba rom ganxorcieldes,
aucilebelia agreTve Semdegi pirobebis arseboba: 1)
mxaris an sasamarTlo aRmasruleblis gancxadeba; 2) gadawyvetileba ar aRsrulebula, an jer kidev ar gasula misi aRsrulebis dro, anu jer kidev ar gasula aTi
weli misi kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan (samoq. kodeqsis
142-e muxli).
_ es aris dro, romlis ganmavlobaSic SeiZleba moxdes aRsrulebadi gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) ganmarteba. magram es srulebiT ar niSnavs imas, rom ar SeiZleba aRiarebiT sarCelze (ssk 180-e muxli) gamotanili ara aRsrulebadi gadawyvetilebis an winaswar (Sualedur) gadawyvetilebaze ganmarteba. nebismieri gadawyvetileba, Tu igi moiTxovs ganmartebas, SeiZleba
ganmartos sasamarTlom.
_ gancxadebiT, gadawyvetilebis ganmartebis Sesaxeb, SeiZleba mimarTon sasamarTlos nebismier dros
motivirebuli gadawyvetilebis gamotanidan mis aRsrulebamde.
_ dauSvebelia im gadawyvetilebis ganmarteba, romelic aRsrulebulia.
_ ganCineba gadawyvetilebis ganmartebis Sesaxeb egzavneba zemdgom sasamarTlos Tu iq ganixileba saCivari im gadawyvetilebaze, romlis ganmartebasac exeba
es ganCineba.
_ gadawyvetilebis ganmartebas axdens is sasamarTlo (mosamarTle), romelmac igi gamoitana. Tu is sasamarTlo Semadgenloba an mosamarTle ar aris, maSin ganmartebas gaakeTebs am sasamarTlos sxva Semadgenloba an mosamarTle.
_ ganCineba ganmartebis Sesaxeb aris gadawyvetilebis organuli nawili da Caekereba saqmeSi.
_ gadawyvetilebis ganmartebis Sesaxeb mxaris gan460
cxadebis miReba an misi ganxilva ver SeaCerebs gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlas.
_ dauSvebelia gadawyvetilebis ganmartebis saxiT
axali gadawyvetilebis miReba an adre miRebuli gadawyvetilebis Secvla.
_ ganmartebis aucilebloba SeiZleba warmoiSvas
aramarto gadawyvetilebebis, aramed ganCinebebis mimarTac, aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos SeuZlia ganmartos ganCineba am muxlis analogiiT (kanonis analogia).
2. gadawyvetilebis ganmartebis Sesaxeb ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana, xolo gadawyvetilebis ganmartebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb miRebul ganCinebaze kerZo saCivari ar Seitaneba.

aRsrulebis gadadeba an
ganawilvadeba, aRsrulebis
saSualebisa da wesis Secvla
1. sasamarTlos, romelmac gamoitana
saqmeze gadawyvetileba, ufleba aqvs, mxareTa TxovniT, maTi qonebrivi mdgomareobisa da sxva garemoebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT,
erTjeradad, 3 Tvemde vadiT gadados an
erT wlamde vadiT gaanawilvados gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba, agreTve Secvalos
misi aRsrulebis saSualeba da wesi.
2. mxareTa gancxadeba ganixileba sasamarTlo sxdomaze, romlis droisa da adgilis Sesaxeb ecnobebaT mxareebs, magram
maTi gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs
sasamarTlos winaSe dasmuli sakiTxis gadawyvetas.
3. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis gadadebis an ganawilvadebis Sesaxeb, agreTve gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis saSualebis an
461
wesis Secvlis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.

1. am muxlis pirveli nawili iTvaliswinebs gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis wesis Secvlis sam SesaZlebel
variants: 1) aRsrulebis gadadebas; 2) aRsrulebis ganawilvadebas; 3) aRsrulebis saSualebisa da wesis
Secvlas.
_ aRsrulebis gadadeba niSnavs aRsrulebis sxva
droisaTvis, anu ufro mogvianebiT gadatanas, vidre
amas moiTxovs aRsasrulebeli gadawyvetileba an kanoni.es SesaZlebelia erTjeradad da sam Tvemde vadiT.
_ aRsrulebis ganawilvadeba niSnavs sasamarTlo
gadawyvetilebis etapobrivad aRsrulebis dadgenas.
ganawilvadebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo gansazRvravs
zust kalendarul dros, romelSic unda moxdes aRsruleba da ra moculobiT. magaliTad, 2003 wlis 10 aprilidan 10 ivnisamde _ 1000 lari; 10 ivnisidan 1 agvistomde 2000 lari da a. S. ganawilvadeba dasaSvebia erT
wlamde vadiT.
_ ganawilvadeba ar SeiZleba moxdes im SemTxvevaSi,
roca nivTi, romelic mopasuxem unda gadasces mosarCeles _ ganuyofadia.
_ aRsrulebis saSualebisa da wesis Secvla niSnavs aRsrulebis erTi saxis meore saxiT Secvlas. magaliTad, amoaSenos tixari, moangrios kedeli da a. S. sasamarTlos SeuZlia ufleba misces mosarCeles TviTonve Seasrulos es moqmedeba mopasuxis nacvlad da
mis xarjze (254-e muxli), Tu sasamarTlo daadgens gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv, e. i. kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde aRsrulebas _ es iqneba aRsrulebis wesis Secvla; Tu auqcionis nacvlad sasamarTlo daadgens sxva
gziT qonebis realizacias _ es iqneba aRsrulebis wesis Secvla da a. S.
_ `saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos
kanonis 33-e muxli iTvaliswinebs saaRsrulebo moq462
medebis SeCerebas, rac aRsrulebis gadadebis nairsaxeobaa da niSnavs aRsrulebis sxva droisaTvis, anu,
ufro mogvianebiT gadatanas, rac sasamarTlos ganCinebiT unda ganxorcieldes.
2. aRsrulebis gadadeba (SeCereba), ganawilvadeba,
an aRsrulebis saSualebisa da wesis Secvla SeiZleba
ganxorcieldes mxolod sasamarTlos ganCinebiT. amitom, mxareTa gancxadeba, maT Soris gancxadeba, romelic Setanilia aRmasrulebelTan, unda gadaeces am gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTlos da ganixilos man
am muxlis me-2 nawiliT dadgenili wesiT.
_ mxedvelobaSia misaRebi, rom aRsrulebis gadadeba (SeCereba), ganawilvadeba an aRsrulebis saSualebisa da wesis Secvla dasaSvebia, Tu arsebobs amisaTvis
gonivruli safuZveli, rogoricaa, magaliTad, movalis
an misi ojaxis wevris avadmyofoba, roca sakiTxi exeba
binidan gamosaxlebas, stiqiuri movlenebi, sxva adgilze sacxovreblad gadasvla, qonebrivi mdgomareobis
moulodneli gauareseba da a. S.
3. kerZo saCivris Setana SeiZleba mxolod iseT ganCinebaze, romliTac dakmayofilda mxaris Suamdgomloba (gancxadeba) gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis gadadebis, ganawilvadebis Tu misi saSualebisa da wesis Secvlis Sesaxeb.
463
T a v i XXVI I I
sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis kanonieri Zala.

gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsruleba

gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi
Sesvla
1. pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba Sedis kanonier ZalaSi:
a) gamocxadebisTanave, Tu dauSvebelia
saapelaco wesiT gasaCivreba;
b) saapelacio wesiT gasaCivrebis vadis
gasvlis Semdeg, rodesac dasaSvebia gadawyvetilebis saapelacio gasaCivreba, Tu igi
ar iyo am wesiT gasaCivrebuli;
g) saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCinebis
kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg, romelmac
gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba ucvlelad
datova.
d) Tu gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebis Semdeg mxareebi werilobiTi formiT ganacxadeben uars mis saapelacio wesiT gasaCivrebaze.
2. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba (ganCineba), Tu igi ar gasaCivrebula,
kanonier ZalaSi Sedis misi sakasacio wesiT
gasaCivrebis vadis gasvlis Semdeg, xolo
Tu iyo gasaCivrebuli - sakasacio wesiT
saqmis ganxilvis Semdeg, Tuki saapelacio
sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba (ganCineba) ar
gauqmebula. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba (ganCineba) kanonier ZalaSi aseve
Sedis, Tu gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis)
464
gamocxadebis Semdeg mxareebi werilobiTi

formiT ganacxadeben uars mis sakasacio
wesiT gasaCivrebaze.
3. sakasacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba (ganCineba) kanonier ZalaSi Sedis dauyovnebliv, misi gamocxadebisTanave.
es muxli gansazRvravs pirveli, saapelacio da sakasacio instanciis sasamarTloebis gadawyvetilebaTa kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis pirobebsa da wess.
1. pirveli instanciis sasamarTloTa gadawyvetilebebi kanonier ZalaSi Sedis:
a) rodesac mxareebma anu gasaCivrebaze uflebamosilma yvela pirma uari Tqves kanoniT dadgenili wesiT gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebaze (250-e da 370-e muxlebi).
b) Tu dasaSvebia gadawyvetilebis saapelacio wesiT gasaCivreba, magram igi ar iyo gasaCivrebuli kanoniT dadgenil 14 dRian vadaSi (369-e muxli).
aseT SemTxvevaSi gadawyvetileba kanonier ZalaSi
Sedis am 14 dRiani vadis gasvlis Semdeg, am vadis aRdgena (gagrZeleba) dauSvebelia, xolo vadis darRveviT
saCivris Setana ver SeaCerebs gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlas.
g) Tu saapelacio sasamarTlom, romelmac ganixila saCivari ucvlelad datova gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba, maSin igi kanonier ZalaSi Sedis mas Semdeg, rodesac saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCineba
gadawyvetilebis ucvlelad datovebis Sesaxeb Seva
kanonier ZalaSi (ix. am muxlis me-2 nawilis komentari).
d) Tu mxareebma ganacxades uari gadawyvetilebis
gasaCivrebaze. aseTi uari gancxadebuli unda iqnes
werilobiTi formiT (370-e muxli), magram Tu aseTi
gancxadeba mxareebma gaakeTes sasamarTlo sxdomaze,
maSin igi unda aisaxos oqmSi da dadasturdes mxareTa
xelmoweriT (ix. 250-e muxlis komentari).
cxadia, araa gamoricxuli, rom gadawyvetileba,
465
romlis gasaCivrebaze mxareebma uari Tqves an, romlis

gasaCivrebis vada ukve gavida, mainc gaasaCivron maT.
saapelacio sasamarTlom aseTi saCivari ganuxilvelad
unda datovos misi dauSveblobis gamo, xolo saCivris
Setana ver SeaCerebs gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi
Sesvlas.
2. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba (ganCinweba), kanonier ZalaSi Sedis:
a) rodesac mxareebma kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (ix. 370e muxli) uari ganacxades saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) sakasacio wesiT gasaCivrebaze.
b) rodesac saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba (ganCineba) ar iyo gasaCivrebuli kanoniT dadgenil
erTTvian vadaSi (ix. 397-e muxlis komentari).
g) rodesac sakasacio sasamarTlom, romelmac ganixila sakasacio saCivari ucvlelad datova gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba.
d) rodesac sakasacio sasamarTlom gamoitana ganCineba `sakasacio saCivris warmoebaSi miRebaze uaris
Tqmis Sesaxeb (401-e muxlis pirveli nawili);
e) rodesac sakasacio sasamarTlom gamoitana ganCineba sakasacio saCivris ganuxilvelad datovebis
Sesaxeb misi dauSveblobis gamo (403-e muxli).
3. sakasacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi da ganCinebebi kanonier ZalaSi Sedian dauyovnebliv, maTi
gamocxadebisTanave.
muxli 265. kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli

gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba an Secvla
kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebis
gauqmeba an Secvla dasaSvebia mxolod im
SemTxvevaSi da im wesiT, rac dadgenilia am
kodeqsiT.
_ kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis an Secvlis erTaderTi gza _ esaa saqmis warmoebis
466
ganaxleba gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis an axlad

aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo (421-e muxli).
_ arcerT arasasamarTlo organos an Tanamdebobis
pirs ufleba ar aqvs Secvalos an gaauqmos sasamarTlo
gadawyvetileba. yvela organo da Tanamdebobis piri
valdebulia xeli Seuwyos gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebas qveynis teritoriaze.
muxli 266. gadawyvetilebis kanonier

ZalaSi Sesvlis Sedegebi
gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis
Semdeg mxareebs, agreTve maT uflebamonacvleebs ar SeuZliaT xelaxla ganacxadon
sasamarTloSi igive sasarCelo moTxovnebi
imave safuZvlze, agreTve sadavo gaxadon
sxva procesSi gadawyvetilebiT dadgenili
faqtebi da samarTeblivi urTierTobani.
am muxliT gansazRvrulia gadawyvetilebis subieqturi da obieqturi farglebi.
_ gadawyvetilebis subieqturi farglebi vrceldeba: a) mosarCeleze; b) mopasuxeze; g) mesame pirebze
damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT; d) maT uflebamonacvleebze. am pirebze vrceldeba gadawyvetilebis kanonieri Zala da maT ar SeuZliaT kvlav aRZran
igive sarCeli erTmaneTis mimarT.
aq CamoTvlil pirebze gadawyvetilebis subieqturi farglebi, anu gadawyvetilebis kanonieri Zala
vrceldeba mxolod erTi aucilebeli (savaldebulo)
pirobiT: Tu isini mowveuli iyvnen saqmis ganxilvaSi,
e. i. gaegzavnaT Setyobineba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT
(70-78-e muxlebi). Tu isini ar iyvnen mowveuli am wesiT
_ es gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis absoluturi (udavo)
safuZvelia (394-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqti).
_ gadawyvetilebis obieqturi farglebi vrceldeba: a) igive sasarCelo moTxovnaze; b) igive safuZvel467
ze; g) gadawyvetilebis dadgenil faqtobriv da samarTlebriv urTierTobebze, romlebsac adgili hqondaT

am gadawyvetilebis gamotanis momentisaTvis (gadawyvetilebis droiTi farglebi).
es imas niSnavs, rom im pirebs, romlebzec vrceldeba gadawyvetilebis kanonieri Zala (mosarCele, mopasuxe, mesame pirebi damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT, maTi uflebamonacvleebi), ufleba ar aqvT kvlav
aRZran igive sarCeli, e. i. sarCeli igive moTxovniT,
igive safuZvliT da imave pirebs Soris. magram, Tu erTerTi elementi sxvaa, magaliTad, sasarCelo moTxovna
an am sarCelis safuZveli sxvaa, an moTxovnac da safuZvelic igivea, magram erT-erTi mxare, vTqvaT mopasuxe,
sxvaa, maSin ìgive~ sarCelis aRZvra dasaSvebia.
_ amave muxliT gansazRvrulia gadawyvetilebis preiudiciuloba, rac imas niSnavs, rom kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebiT dadgenili faqtobrivi garemoebebi da samarTlebrivi urTierTobani aRar saWiroeben
dadgenas im pirobiT Tu sxva samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilvaSi igive mxareebi monawileoben (106-e muxli).

iZulebiTi aRsruleba
gadawyvetilebis iZulebiTi aRsruleba dasaSvebia mxolod misi kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg.
_ aq mxedvelobaSia mxolod gadawyvetilebis iZulebiTi aRsruleba, rac dasaSvebia mxolod am gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg (264-e muxli). kanoni uSvebs erTaderT gamonaklis am wesidan, rodesac sasamarTlo daadgens gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv, e. i. kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde aRsrulebas
(268-e muxli).
_ rac Seexeba gadawyvetilebis nebayoflobiT aRsrulebas _ es dasaSvebi da SesaZlebelia gadawyveti468
lebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamdec da gansxvavebiT

iZulebiTi aRsrulebisa, mTlianad damokidebulia movalis neba-survilze.
_ gadawyvetilebis iZulebiTi aRsruleba, romelic
Sevida kanonier ZalaSi an romlis dauyovnebliv aRsruleba daadgina sasamarTlom, xorcieldeba `saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoniT
dadgenili wesiT.

gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebasTan
dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis ganxilvis
da gadawyvetis wesi
1. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi ganixileba sasamarTlo sxdomaze, romlis dro
da adgili ecnobebaT mxareebs. maTi gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs sasamarTlos mier sakiTxis gadawyvetas.
2. gadawyvetileba miiReba ganCinebis formiT. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris
Setana.
1. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebiT
SeiZleba wamoiWras mravali sakiTxi, rogoricaa magaliTad, gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv (kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde) aRsruleba, gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis gadadeba, ganawilvadeba, SeCereba, aRsrulebis
saSualebebisa da wesis Secvla, aRsrulebis uzrunvelyofa da sxva. yvela aseTi sakiTxis ganxilva warmoebs sasamarTlo sxdomaze mxareTa SetyobinebiT, romelTa gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs sakiTxis gadawyvetas. gamonaklisi am wesidan SeiZleba gaTvaliswinebuli iyos kanoniT. magaliTad, am kodeqsis 271-e
469
muxlis Tanaxmad gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis uzrunvelyofa, Tu amas dauSvebs sasamarTlo, unda ganxorcieldes amave kodeqsis 191-199-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT. 193-e muxlis Sesabamisad uzrunvelyofis sakiTxs sasamarTlo ganixilavs mopasuxis Seutyobineblad (ix. am muxlis komentari).
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili aucileblad saWiroebs dazustebas: kerZo saCivris Setana SeiZleba ara aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebiT gamotanil nebismier ganCinebaze, aramed mxolod kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul ganCinebaze (ix. magaliTad, 263-e muxlis me-3 nawilis da 270e muxlis komentari).

gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis
Sebruneba
1. aRsrulebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebisa da axali gadawyvetilebis miRebis
Semdeg sarCelis dakmayofilebaze mTlianad an nawilobriv uaris Tqmis, saqmis
warmoebis Sewyvetis an sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis SemTxvevaSi mopasuxes mosarCelem unda daubrunos yovelive, rac
mas mosarCelis sasargeblod gadaxda gauqmebuli gadawyvetilebiT.
2. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebrunebis
sakiTxs mopasuxis gancxadebis safuZvelze
wyvets axali gadawyvetilebis an ganCinebis mimRebi sasamarTlo.
1. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebruneba warmoadgens movalis, e.i. im mxaris uflebebisa da interesebis
dacvis saSualebas, romlis mimarTac moxda sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba.
gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis SebrunebisaTvis
aucilebelia ori pirobis erTdroulad arseboba:
470
erTi - im gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba, romelic ukve

aRsrulebulia da meore - im sarCelis dakmayofilebaze mTlianad an nawilobriv uaris Tqma,
romlis mimarTac gamotanili iyo adre aRsrulebuli gadawyvetileba, saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta an
am sarCelis ganuxilvelad datoveba. es imas niSnavs,
rom Tu adre aRsrulebuli gadawyvetileba gauqmda,
magram sarCelis bedi jer kidev araa sabolood gadawyvetili - gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebruneba ver
ganxorcieldeba, radgan ar SeiZleba winaswar iyos
cnobili, Tu rogori gadawyvetileba iqneba miRebuli
sarCelis ganxilvis Sedegad.
- sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebrunebis SemTxvevaSi mosarCelem mopasuxes unda
daubrunos yovelive, rac man miiRo mopasuxisagan gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebiT. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac aRsrulebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Sedegad sarCeli mxolod nawilobriv iqna dakmayofilebuli, xolo
nawilobriv uari eTqva mosarCeles mis dakmayofilebaze, maSin mosarCelem unda daubrunos mopasuxes yovelive, rac man miiRo sasarCelo moTxovnis im nawilis
mixedviT, romlis dakmayofilebaze uari eTqva mas.
2. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebruneba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes mopasuxis SuamdgomlobiT. sasamarTlos iniciativiT gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis
Sebrunebas kanoni ar iTvaliswinebs. gadawyvetilebis
aRsrulebis Sebrunebis sakiTxs wyvets sasamarTlo,
romelmac gamoitana axali gadawyvetileba sarCelis
dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb an ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb, an, kidev, ganCineba
sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb.
- Tu arsebobda mopasuxis Sesabamisi gancxadeba
gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebrunebis Sesaxeb, maSin axali gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) gamomtani sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebrunebis
Sesaxeb miuTiTebs am axal gadawyvetilebaSi. Tu aseTi
gancxadebiT mopasuxe mimarTavs sasamarTlos mas Sem471
deg, rodesac gamotanili iqna axali gadawyvetileba,

maSin sasamarTlo romelmac es axali gadawyvetileba
gamoitana niSnavs sasamarTlo sxdomas, am gancxadebis
gansaxilvelad, ris Sesaxebac atyobinebs mxareebs,
magram maTi gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs gancxadebis ganxilvas.
gadawyvetileba sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis Sebrunebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba miiRos rogorc pirveli instanciis sasamarTlom, ise saapelacio da sakasacio
instanciis sasamarTloebma, imis mixedviT, Tu romeli
instanciis sasamarTlom miiRo axali gadawyvetileba
gauqmebulis nacvlad.
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gauqmebuli gadawyvetilebidan da saqmeSi arsebuli masalebidan ar Cans
garkveviT Tu ra xasiaTisa da moculobis gadaxdevineba ganxorcielda - saapelacio da sakasacio sasamarTloebs SeuZliaT gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebrunebis sakiTxi gadasawyvetad daubrunon qvemdgomi instanciis sasamarTlos.
gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebruneba SeiZleba
ganxorcieldes mxolod axali gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg.
muxli 268. dauyovnebliv

aRsasrulebeli gadawyvetilebebi
1. sasamarTlos SeuZlia mxareTa TxovniT
mTlianad an nawilobriv dauyovnebliv aRsasruleblad gadasces gadawyvetilebebi:
a) alimentis mikuTvnebis Sesaxeb;
b) dasaxiCrebiT an janmrTelobis sxva
dazianebiT, agreTve marCenalis sikvdiliT
gamowveuli zianis asanazRaureblad gadasaxadebis dakisrebis Sesaxeb;
g) muSakisaTvis ara umetes 3 Tvis xelfasis mikuTvnebis Sesaxeb;
d) ukanonod daTxovnili an gadayvanili
472
muSakis samuSaoze aRdgenis Sesaxeb;

e) amoRebulia;
v) Tamasuqisa da Cekis Taobaze gamotanili gadawyvetilebebi;
z) yvela sxva saqmeze, Tu gansakuTrebul
garemoebaTa gamo gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis dayovnebam SeiZleba gadamxdevinebels mniSvnelovani ziani miayenos, an Tu
gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba SeuZlebeli aRmoCndeba.
2. gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis daSvebisas sasamarTlos SeuZlia mosTxovos mosarCeles gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebrunebis uzrunvelyofa sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis SemTxvevaSi.
3. gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsruleba ar daiSveba, Tu SeuZlebelia im
zaralis zustad gamoTvla, romelic SeiZleba miadges mowinaaRmdege mxares, ris gamoc meore mxare ver SeZlebs mis uzrunvelyofas.
1. gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsruleba sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadginos mxolod mxareTa TxovniT
da ara Tavisi iniciativiT. dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis
daSvebis sakiTxi ganixileba 269-e muxliT dadgenili
wesiT.
_ es muxli Seicavs im gadawyvetilebaTa mxolod sanimuSo CamonaTvals, romlebic SeiZleba gadaeces dauyovnebliv aRsrulebisaTvis. nebismieri sxva gadawyvetilebac SeiZleba gadaeces dauyovnebliv aRsrulebisaTvis Tu arsebobs z qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebi.
2. gadawyvetilebis gadacema dauyovnebliv aRsrulebisaTvis ar niSnavs am gadawyvetilebis kanonier
ZalaSi Sesvlas. dainteresebul mxares SeuZlia gaasaCivros es gadawyvetileba Sesabamisad saapelacio an
473
sakasacio wesiT. cxadia, araa gamoricxuli, rom zemdgomma sasamarTlom gaauqmos an Secvalos es gadawyvetileba, miRebul iqnes sxva gadawyvetileba. aseT SemTxvevaSi wamoiWreba ori sakiTxi: erTi _ gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebrunebis sakiTxi da meore _ im
zaralis anazRaurebis sakiTxi, romelic miadga mxares
gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis gamo.
_ gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebrunebis uzrunvelyofisaTvis sasamarTlos SeuZlia dainteresebuli mxaris gancxadebis safuZvelze, an Tavisi iniciativiT mosTxovos gadamxdevinebels gadawyvetilebis
aRsrulebis Sebrunebis uzrunvelyofa, romelic SeiZleba gamoixatos Sesabamisi odenobis Tanxis SetaniT saerTo sasamarTloebis departamentis sadepozito angariSze, an romelime sakredito dawesebulebis
TavdebobaSi (57-e muxli).
3. sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadginos gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsruleba, Tu gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis dayovnebam SeiZleba mniSvnelovani ziani miayenos mxares (gadamxdevinebels), an gadawyvetilebis
aRsruleba SeuZlebeli aRmoCndes. am garemoebaTa
damtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba Suamdgomlobis aRmZvrel pirs.
_ sasamarTlom uari unda Tqvas gadawyvetilebis
dauyovnebliv aRsrulebaze, Tu Suamdgomlobis aRmZvreli piri ver daamtkicebs zemoT miTiTebul garemoebebs, an Tu SeuZlebeli iqneba im zaralis (zianis)
gamoTvla, romelic SeiZleba miadges mowinaaRmdege
mxares, ris gamoc dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis momTxovni piri ver SeZlebs mis uzrunvelyofas.
_ im zianis moculobis damtkicebis tvirTi, romelic SeiZleba miadges mowinaaRmdege mxares (movales)
gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebiT, ekisreba am mowinaaRmdege mxares (movales).
474

dauyovnebliv aRsruleba
gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis sakiTxi SeiZleba ganxilull iqnes imave
sxdomaze, romelzedac gamotanili iqna gadawyvetileba. Tu gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv
aRsrulebis sakiTxi imave sxdomaze ar ganixileba, maSin sasamarTlo niSnavs sxdomas, ris
Sesaxebac acnobebs mxareebs; mxareebis
gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs sakiTxis
gadawyvetas.
_ sanam gadawyvetileba jer kidev araa miRebuli,
SeuZlebelia vilaparakoT mis aRsrulebaze. amitom,
Tu gadawyvetilebis iZulebiTi aRsrulebisaTvis saWiroa misi kanonier ZalaSi Sesvla, gadawyvetilebis
dauyovnebliv aRsrulebisaTvis saWiroa jer gadawyvetilebis miReba.
_ mxarem SeiZleba mimarTos sasamarTlos jer kidev
gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde, magram Suamdgomloba
gadawyvetilebis dauyonebliv aRsrulebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba ganixilos sasamarTlom mxolod am gadawyvetilebis gamotanis Semdeg da imave sxdomaze,
romelzec gamotanili iqna gadawyvetileba.
_ iseT pirobebSi, rodesac gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis daSvebis sakiTxis ganxilva SeiZleba moxdes ara sasamarTlos iniciativiT, aramed
mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT da 268-e muxlis me-2 da me-3
nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis dacviT (ix. am
muxlis komentari), es sakiTxi SeiZleba gadawydes sasamarTlo ganCinebiT da ara im gadawyvetilebiT, romelic dauyonebliv unda aRsruldes.
475
muxli 270. dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis

Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebis
gasaCivreba
gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana, romelic ar
SeaCerebs am ganCinebis Sesrulebas.
_ dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis Sesaxeb mxaris gancxadebis ganxilvis Sedegad sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba. sasamarTlos ganCineba dauyovnebliv aRsrulebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb ar gasaCivrdeba. sasamarTlos
ganCineba gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis
Sesaxeb SeiZleba gasaCivrdes kerZo saCivriT 416-e
muxliT dadgenili wesiT. kerZo saCivris Setana ver
SeaCerebs gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebas, magram sasamarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi ganCinebiT SeaCeros aseTi aRsruleba (418-e muxli).
- Tu gadawyvetilebis dauyonebliv aRsrulebis
sakiTxi amave gadawyvetilebiT iqna dadgenili, maSin
es gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes, am nawilSi.

aRsrulebis uzrunvelyofa
sasamarTlos SeuZlia uzrunvelyos im gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba, romelic gadacemuli ar aris dauyovnebliv aRsasruleblad XXI I I TaviT dadgenili wesebis
Sesabamisad.
_ gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis uzrunvelyofa warmoadgens am gadawyvetilebis realurad aRsrulebis
garantias. Tu sasamarTlom daadgina gadawyvetilebis
dauyovnebliv aRsruleba, am gadawyvetilebis uzrunvelyofa saWiro aRaraa, radgan dauyovnebliv aRsru476
leba, Tavis mxriv warmoadgens am gadawyvetilebis realurad aRsrulebis erT-erT efeqtian saSualebas. saWiro araa agreTve kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis uzrunvelyofa, radgan `saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb~ kanoni Seicavs gadawyvetilebis realurad aRsrulebis yvela saWiro meqanizmebs.
_ gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis uzrunvelyofa warmoebs am kodeqsis XXI I I TaviT (191-199-e muxlebi) dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
477
T a v i
XXIX
saqmis warmoebis damTavreba gadawyvetilebis

gamotanis gareSe
muxli 272. saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta
sasamarTlo, mxareTa gancxadebiT an Tavisi
iniciativiT, Sewyvets saqmis warmoebas, Tu:
a) saqme ar unda iqnes ganxiluli sasamarTloSi imis gamo, rom kanonis Tanaxmad
misi ganxilva sxva uwyebis kompetenciaSi
Sedis;
b) arsebobs sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetileba an ganCineba,
romelic gamotanilia davaze imave mxareebs Soris, imave saganze da imave safuZvlebiT mosarCelis mier sarCelze uaris
miRebis an mxareTa morigebis damtkicebis
Sesaxeb;
g) mosarCelem uari Tqva sarCelze;
d) mxareebi morigdnen;
e) saqmis erT-erT mxared myofi moqalaqis gardacvalebis Semdeg, sadavo samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan gamomdinare, dauSvebelia uflebamonacvleoba;
v) mxareebs Soris dadebulia xelSekruleba, rom es dava gadasawyvetad gadaeces
kerZo arbitraJs.
z) kanoniT dadgenilia sxva SemTxveva.
samoqalaqo saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi, rogorc
wesi, mTavrdeba am saqmeze gadawyvetilebis gamotaniT,
magram samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi uSvebs saqmis
warmoebis damTavrebas gadawyvetilebis gamotanis
gareSec, kerZod; a) ganCinebiT saqmis warmoebis
Sewyvetis Sesaxeb da b) ganCinebiT sarCelis
ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb. saqmis warmoebis
478
damTavrebis es ori forma gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan

rogorc safuZvlebiT, ise Tavisi SedegebiT.
_ saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta sasamarTlos SeuZlia
ara marto mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT, aramed Tavisi iniciativiTac, oRond Tu arsebobs am muxlSi CamoTvlili safuZvlebi. es safuZvlebi aseTia:
a) am punqts mxedvelobaSi aqvs uwyebrivi qvemdebareoba anu sasamarTlo saqveuwyeboba (me-11 muxli)
da ara gansjadoba (13-24-e muxlebi). saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT sasamarTlos uwyebrivi qvemdebareoba Zlier gafarToebulia: yvela dava,
romelic samarTliT mowesrigebuli urTierTobidan
gamomdinareobs, eqvemdebareba sasamarTlos. amasTan
erTad, arsebobs davebi, romlebic Tumca samarTliT
mowesrigebuli urTierTobebidan gamomdinareoben,
magram maTi ganxilvis kompetencia mikuTvnebuli aqvs
sakonstitucio sasamarTlos. aseT SemTxvevaSi saerTo sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos sarCeli (gancxadeba)
warmoebaSi (186-e muxli), xolo Tu SecdomiT miiRo _
unda Sewyvitos saqmis warmoeba.
_ erTmaneTSi ar unda agverios uwyebrivi qvemdebareoba da gansjadoba. uwyebrivi qvemdebareoba pasuxobs kiTxvaze: eqvemdebareba Tu ara saqme saerTo sasamarTloebs uwyebrivad. am kiTxvaze dadebiTi pasuxis gacemisas wamoiWreba meore sakiTxi: romelma konkretulma sasamarTlom unda ganixilos es saqme. am kiTxvaze pasuxs gvaZlevs gansjadoba. Tu saqme am sasamarTlos gansjadi araa, saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta dauSvebelia. aseT SemTxvevaSi saqme sasamarTlom unda gadaugzavnos gansjad sasamarTlos (23-e muxli), an kidev, Sesabamisi pirobebis arsebobisas TviTon ganixilos es saqme (21-e muxlis me-2 nawili).
b) am punqtiT saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta dasaSvebia:
1) Tu arsebobs kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetileba igive sarCelze. sarCeli igivea, Tu igivea sasarCelo moTxovna (sarCelis sagani), sarCelis safuZveli da
igi aRZrulia imave mxareebs Soris. Tu erT-erTi ele479
menti sxvaa, magaliTad, moTxovna igivea, magram safuZveli sxvaa, an kidev, yvelaferi da maT Soris mosarCele igivea, magram mopasuxe sxvaa da a. S. sasamarTlom
saqme unda ganixilos; 2) Tu arsebobs kanonier ZalaSi
Sesuli sasamarTlos ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb im safuZvliT, rom igive sarCelis mimarT mxareebi morigdnen an mosarCelem uari Tqva sarCelze.
g) am qvepunqtiT saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetas safuZvlad udevs dispoziciurobis principidan gamomdinare piris ufleba gankargos Tavisi uflebebi. mosarCele sarCelze uaris TqmiT gankargavs Tavis uflebas
(me-3 da 98-e muxlebi). amitom, sasamarTlom aseT SemTxvevaSi unda Sewyvitos saqmis warmoeba, radgan aRar
arsebobs davis sagani, romlis mimarT sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos Tavisi gadawyvetileba.
_ sarCelze uaris Tqma, rogorc mosarCelis mier Tavisi materialur-samarTlebrivi uflebis gankargva,
unda ganvasxvavoT mosarCelis mier am etapze sarCelis ganxilvaze uaris Tqmisagan, e. i. rodesac mosarCeles aRar surs am etapze sarCelis ganxilva da moiTxovs sarCelis ukan dabrunebas (sarCelis gamoxmoba).
(ix. 831-e muxlis komentari) . aseT SemTxvevaSi saqmis
warmoebis Sewyveta dauSvebelia, radgan mosarCele
kargavs uflebas kvlav mimarTos sasamarTlos igive
sarCeliT (ix. me-3 muxlis komentari).37
d) morigebiT saqmis damTavreba, iseve, rogorc sarCelze uaris Tqma, dispoziciurobis principis erT-erTi konkretuli gamovlinebaa (me-3 muxli). saqmis morigebiT damTavrebiT mxareTa Soris wamoWrili dava
wydeba aramarto iuridiulad, aramed faqtiuradac.
amitom, sasamarTlom procesis nebismier stadiaze da
yovelTvis unda ecados moarigos mxareebi, daamTavros saqme morigebiT.
37
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze #7,2002, gv.1141.
480
e) erT-erTi mxaris gardacvaleba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi iwvevs saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetas, Tu uflebamonacvleoba, materialur-samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan gamomdinare, dauSvebelia. magaliTad, mosarCele mimarTavs sasamarTlos meore meuRlisagan sarCos
miRebis Sesaxeb. mosarCele saqmis ganxilvis procesSi
gardaicvala. sasamarTlom unda Sewyvitos saqme, radgan sarCos miRebaze uflebamosili piri gardaicvala
da mis nacvlad sxva pirs sarCos miRebis ufleba ar
aqvs.
rac Seexeba iuridiul pirs, sasamarTlom unda Sewyvitos saqmis warmoeba, Tu mxared myofi iuridiuli
piris likvidacia moxda, radgan iuridiuli piris likvidaciis SemTxvevaSi uflebamonacvleoba ar warmoiSoba.
3) mxareTa SeTanxmebas, davis kerZo arbitraJis, anu
samediatoro sasamarTlosaTvis gadacemis Sesaxeb,
aqvs iuridiuli Zala. amitom, Tu erT-erTi mxare mainc
mimarTavs sasamarTlos sarCeliT, sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos es sarCeli (ssk-is186-e muxlis `d~ qvepunqti), xolo Tu SecdomiT miiRebs, unda Sewyvitos saqmis warmoeba.
_ am muxlis à~, `b~ da `v~ qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebiT saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis SemTxvevaSi mosarCeles ubrundeba mis mier Setanili saxelmwifo baJi.
saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis aq CamoTvlili safuZvlebi araa amomwuravi. kanoniT SeiZleba gaTvaliswinebuli iqnes sxva safuZvlebic.
muxli 273. ganCineba saqmis warmoebis

Sewyvetis Sesaxeb
1. saqmeze warmoeba Sewydeba sasamarTlo
ganCinebiT. Tu saqmis warmoeba Sewyvetilia imis gamo, rom saqme kanonis Tanaxmad
sasamarTlos ar eqvemdebareba, sasamarT481
lo valdebulia miuTiTos, Tu romel organos unda mimarTos ganmcxadebelma.

2. saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis SemTxvevaSi
sasamarTlosaTvis xelmeored mimarTva davaze imave mxareebs Soris, imave saganze da
imave safuZvliT ar SeiZleba.
1. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac 272-e muxlSi gaTvaliswinebuli saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis safuZvlebs adgili hqonda jer kidev sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebamde, sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos ganCineba sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb (186-e muxli) mxareTa Seutyobineblad, oRond mosarCeles unda gaegzavnos am ganCinebis asli. magram, Tu aseTi safuZveli warmoiSva sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis Semdeg, magaliTad,
mxareebi morigdnen, mosarCelem uari Tqva sarCelze,
an erT-erTi mxare gardaicvala an moxda iuridiuli
piris likvidacia, sasamarTlom unda moiwvios mosamzadebeli sxdoma, Tu es xdeba momzadebis stadiaze,
an mTavari sxdoma, Tu yovelive es xdeba saqmis momzadebis damTavrebisa da mTavari sxdomis daniSvnis Semdeg (207-e muxli) da am sxdomaze miiRos Sesabamisi ganCineba.
2. saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetas ukavSirdeba Zalian
seriozuli Sedegi: igive sarCeliT sasamarTloSi xelmeored mimarTva dauSvebelia. igive sarCelSi igulisxmeba sarCeli igive moTxovniT, imave safuZvliT da
imave mxareebs Soris.
muxli 274. saqmis warmoebis

Sewyvetis Sesaxeb ganCinebis
gasaCivreba
sasamarTlos ganCinebaze saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.
482
_ saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb ganCinebaze

kerZo saCivris Setana da ganxilva warmoebs 414-420-e
muxli 275. sarCelis ganuxilvelad

datoveba
sasamarTlo, mxareTa gancxadebiT an Tavisi iniciativiT, ganuxilvelad datovebs
sarCels, Tu:
a) sarCeli (gancxadeba) Seitana qmeduunaro pirma, xolo sasamarTlos mizanSewonilad ar miaCnia dauniSnos mas saproceso
warmomadgeneli;
b) sarCeli (gancxadeba) dainteresebuli piris saxeliT Seitana im pirma, romelsac ara aqvs uflebamosileba saqmis
warmoebaze;
g) sasamarTlo sxdomaze mosarCele (ganmcxadebeli) ar gamocxadebula, xolo mopasuxe Tanaxmaa sarCelis (gancxadebis) ganuxilvelad datovebisa;
d) arc erTi mxare ar gamocxadebula;
e) imave an sxva sasamarTlos warmoebaSi
aris saqme imave mxareebs Soris, imave saganze da imave safuZvliT.
v) dakmayofilda mosarCelis Suamdgomloba sarCelisa da TandarTuli dokumentebis gamoxmobis Sesaxeb.
_ sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebiT, ise rogorc
saqmis warmoebis SewyvetiT, mTavrdeba saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi. sarCelis ganuxilvelad datoveba dasaSvebia am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebiTa
da wesiT.
a) sasamarTlos SeuZlia ar miiRos sarCeli warmoebaSi, Tu igi Seitana qmeduunaro pirma (186-e muxlis
483
`v~ qvepunqti). qmeduunarod iTvleba srulwlovanebas miuRweveli piri (81-e muxlis me-2 nawili), agreTve
srulwlovanebas miRweuli, magram sasamarTlos mier
qmeduunarod aRiarebuli pirebi. Tu, miuxedavad amisa, sasamarTlom miiRo sarCeli warmoebaSi da Semdeg
gamoirkva, rom mosarCele aris qmeduunaro, romelsac
ar hyavs kanonieri warmomadgeneli, sasamarTlos SeuZlia dauniSnos aseT mosarCeles saproceso warmomadgeneli (82-e muxlis me-2 nawili). Tu saproceso warmomadgenlis daniSvna mizanSewonilad ar miaCnia, sasamarTlo sarCels ganuxilvelad datovebs.
ar aris gamoricxuli, rom sarCeli Seitanos pirma,
romelic, marTalia, araa aRiarebuli sasamarTlos mier qmeduunarod, magram aSkarad ver uwevs Tavis moqmedebas angariSs, e. i. faqtiurad qmeduunaroa; aseT
SemTxvevaSic, sasamarTlos SeuZlia dauniSnos mas saproceso warmomadgeneli ssk-is 82-e muxlis analogiiT
(ix. am muxlis me-2 nawilis komentari).
_ am muxlis analogiiT gamoyenebis SesaZleblobaze miuTiTebs agreTve samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1277-e muxli, romlis Tanaxmad, mzrunveloba SeiZleba dauwesdes iuridiulad qmedunarian pirs, e. i. pirs, romelic
araa aRiarebuli sasamarTlos mier qmeduunarod, magram, romelsac ar SeuZlia Tavisi janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gamo ganaxorcielos Tavisi uflebebi da Seasrulos Tavisi movaleobebi.38
Tu sasamarTlos ar miaCnia mizanSewonilad saproceso warmomadgenlis (mzrunvelis) daniSvna, is sarCels ganuxilvelad datovebs.
_ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom uflebamosilma pirma
Seitanos gancxadeba piris qmeduunarod an SezRudul
qmedunarianad aRiarebis Sesaxeb (322-e muxli). aseT
SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba (279-e muxlis `d~ qvepunqti).
38
ix. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni mexuTe,

Tb, 2001
484
b) am punqts mxedvelobaSi hyavs arauflebamosili piri da ara arasaTanado mxare. arasaTanado mosarCele _ es is piria, romelic mimarTavs sasamarTlos `Ta
visi~ uflebis dasacavad, romelic sinamdvileSi misi
ki ara, sxvisi uflebaa (84-e muxli), arauflebamosili
piri ki _ es iseTi piria, romelic mimarTavs sasamarTlos ara Tavisi, aramed sxvisi uflebis dasacavad,
magram amisaTvis mas ar gaaCnia am sxva pirisagan saTanadod gaformebuli uflebamosileba (96-e muxli).
g) mosarCelis gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos gamoaqvs dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba,
oRond, Tu amis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobs mopasuxe. magram, Tu mopasuxe winaaRmdegia, maSin sasamarTlos SeuZlia datovos sarCeli ganuxilvelad, oRond amazec
saWiroa mopasuxis Tanxmoba. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo gadadebs saqmis ganxilvas.
d) Tu sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze arcerTi mxare
da maTi warmomadgenelebi ar gamocxadnen, romlebsac
gaegzavnaT Setyobineba 70-78-e muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT, maSin sasamarTlo sarCels ganuxilvelad datovebs (ix. 231-e muxlis komentari).
e) am punqtSi miTiTebuli safuZvlis arsebobisas sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos sarCeli, magram Tu SecdomiT miiRo, maSin ganuxilvelad unda datovos igi.
_ es punqti emyareba princips, rom ar SeiZleba erTi
da igive sarCeli orma (an metma) sxvadasxva sasamarTlom ganixilos. amitom, Tu aRmoCndeba, rom erTi da igive sarCeli aRZrulia imave an sxva sasamarTloSi, erTerTma sarCeli ganuxilvelad unda datovos. magram romelma? am punqtis azriT, sarCeli ganuxilvelad unda
datovos im sasamarTlom, romelSic ufro gvian Sevida
sarCeli (gancxadeba). amis garkveva ar warmoadgens sirTules, Tu miRebulia ganCineba sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis Sesaxeb. Tu aseTi ganCineba ar iyo miRebuli, maSin unda gairkves, romel sasamarTloSi ufro adre gavida 5 dRe sarCelis Semosvlidan, romlis Semdeg sarCeli warmoebaSi miRebulad iTvleba (183-e muxli).
485
v) sarCelisa da TandarTuli dokumentebis ukan

gaTxova (gamoxmoba) gaTvaliswinebulia 831 muxliT (ix.
komentari).
_ am muxlis à~, `b~, è~ da v qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebiT sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis SemTxvevaSi mosarCeles ubrundeba mis mier
Setanili saxelmwifo baJi.
muxli 276. sarCelis ganuxilvelad

datovebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo
ganCinebis gasaCivreba
sarCelis (gancxadebis) ganuxilvelad datovebis SemTxvevaSi saqmis warmoeba mTavrdeba sasamarTlo ganCinebiT, romelzedac
SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.
_ Tu sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis safuZvlebi, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia ssk-is 275-e muxlis
à~, `b~ da è~ qvepunqtebiT gamovlinda saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos ganCineba mxareTa Setyobinebis gareSe, ise, rogorc es SesaZlebelia amave safuZvlebiT sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis dros (186-e muxli), magram Tu sasamarTlos
mizanSewonilad miaCnia _ SeuZlia daniSnos mosamzadebeli sxdoma (205-e muxli).
_ sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis safuZvlebi,
romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia ssk-is 275-e muxlis `g~
da `d~ qvepunqtebSi SeiZleba gamovlindes mxolod sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze, amitom ganCineba sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb am safuZvlebiT
SeiZleba miRebuli iqnes mxolod mTavar sxdomaze.
_ yvela SemTxvevaSi mxareebs unda ecnoboT aseTi ganCinebis Sesaxeb kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, radgan am ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana ssk-is 414-420-e
486
muxli 277. xandazmulobis vadis

dadgena sarCelis ganuxilvelad
datovebis dros
sarCelis (gancxadebis) ganuxilvelad datovebis SemTxvevaSi sasarCelo xandazmulobis vada ar Sewydeba.
_ sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebiT mxares ar erTmeva ufleba kvlav aRZras igive sarCeli (278-e muxli). sarCelis aRZvra SeiZleba moxdes saerTo wesis
dacviT; rac Seexeba xandazmulobis vadas, sarCelis
ganuxilvelad datovebiT xandazmulobis vadis Sewyveta ar xdeba. amis Sesaxeb miTiTebulia agreTve samoqalaqo kodeqsis 140-e muxlSi.39
muxli 278. ganuxilvelad

datovebuli sarCelis ganmeorebiT
wardgena
im garemoebaTa aRmofxvris SemTxvevaSi,
romlebic safuZvlad daedo sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebas, dainteresebul pirs
ufleba aqvs kvlav mimarTos sasamarTlos
saerTo wesis dacviT.
1. Tu ganCineba sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis
Sesaxeb Sevida kanonier ZalaSi, e. i. ar gausaCivrebia
mxares an gaasaCivra, magram datovebul iqna ucvlelad, mas aRar SeuZlia moiTxovos saqmis ganaxleba. saqme iTvleba damTavrebulad.
_ amis Semdeg mxares SeuZlia kvlav aRZras igive sarCeli, oRond Tu aRar arsebobs is safuZvlebi, ris gamoc sarCeli ganuxilvelad iqna datovebuli. sarCelis aRZvra unda moxdes saerTo wesis dacviT, maT Soris, kvlav unda iqnes Semotanili saxelmwifo baJi.
39
ix. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni

pirveli, Tb.,1999, gv.333
487
T a v i
XXX
saqmis warmoebis SeGereba

muxli 279. sasamarTlos movaleoba
SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba
sasamarTlo valdebulia SeaCeros saqmis
warmoeba Semdeg SemTxvevebSi:
a) moqalaqis gardacvalebisas, Tu sadavo-samarTlebrivi urTierToba dasaSvebad
Tvlis uflebamonacvleobas, an im iuridiuli piris arsebobis Sewyvetisas, romelic saqmeSi mxares warmoadgens;
b) mxaris mier qmedunarianobis dakargvisas;
g) saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis moqmed nawilSi mopasuxis yofnisas an aseTive
nawilebSi myofi mosarCelis TxovniT;
d) Tu saqmis ganxilva SeuZlebelia sxva
saqmis gadawyvetamde, romelic ganxilul
unda iqnes samoqalaqo, sisxlis samarTlis
an administraciuli wesiT;
d1) Tu saqmes ganixilavs restituciisa
da kompensaciis komisia an komisiis komiteti;
e) me-6 muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi.
_ es muxli iTvaliswinebs saqmis warmoebis savaldebulo SeCerebis safuZvlebs, e. i. safuZvlebs, rodesac saqmis warmoebis SeCereba savaldebuloa.
a) moqalaqis gardacvaleba mxolod maSin iwvevs saqmis warmoebis SeCerebas, rodesac uSvebs uflebamonacvleobas. magaliTad, moqalaqem aRZra memkvidreobiTi urTierTobidan gamomdinare sarCeli da gardaicvala. sasamarTlo SeaCerebs saqmis warmoebas. magram
488
Tu aRZruli iyo sarCeli samuSaoze aRdgenis Sesaxeb

da mosarCele gardaicvala, sasamarTlom saqmis warmoeba ki ar unda SeaCeros, aramed unda Sewyvitos (272e muxlis è~ qvepunqti).
_ am punqtSi laparakia iuridiuli piris arsebobis
Sewyvetaze. Sewyveta xdeba iuridiuli piris likvidaciis drosac. likvidaciis SemTxvevaSi uflebamonacvleoba ar warmoiSoba (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 39-e muxli,
`mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-14 muxli).40
amitom, `Sewyveta~ aq unda ganvixiloT rogorc iuridiuli piris reorganizacia (SeerTeba, mierTeba, gayofa,
gamoyofa, gardaqmna) da ara rogorc iuridiuli piris
likvidacia. amitom, sasamarTlo kargad unda gaerkves
hqonda adgili likvidacias (Sewyvetas), Tu iuridiuli
piris reorganizacias. saqmis warmoeba SeCerdeba, Tu adgili hqonda iuridiuli piris reorganizacias.
b) am punqtis mixedviT igulisxmeba, rom Tavis droze sasamarTlom sworad miiRo sarCeli qmedunariani
pirisagan, magram Semdeg gaxda igi qmeduunaro. qmeduunarod iTvleba piri, romelic sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiTaa aseTad aRiarebuli (322-e muxli). aseT
pirs eniSneba meurve, romlis procesSi Cabmamde SeCerdeba saqmis warmoeba (326-e muxlis me-2 nawili, samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-12 muxli).
_ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom mosarCelem saqmis warmoebis procesSi dakargos unari, angariSi ver gauwios
Tavis moqmedebas, e.i. gaxdes faqtiurad qmeduunaro, xolo saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebis Tavidan asacileblad am piris qmeduunarod aRiarebamde da misTvis meurvis daniSvnamde sasamarTlos SeuZlia dauniSnos mas saproceso warmomadgeneli (82-e muxli), da
mis daniSvnamde SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba.
g) Tu mopasuxe imyofeba saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis moqmed nawilSi _ sasamarTlo SeaCerebs saq40
ix. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari,wigni pirveli,

Tb., 1999, gv.140; lado Wanturia, Tedo niniZe, mewarmeTa S esaxeb
kanonis komentari, mesame gamocema, Tb.,2002, gv.172
489
mis warmoebas miuxedavad imisa, arsebobs Tu ara am mopasuxis Suamdgomloba, magram Tu mosarCelea SeiaraRebuli Zalebis moqmed nawilebSi, maSin saWiroa misi
Txovna SeCerebis Sesaxeb. igulisxmeba, rom mxareebs
CabardaT uwyeba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (70-78-e muxlebi).
d) am punqtiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi saqmis warmoebis SeCereba dasaSvebia mxolod im pirobiT,
Tu sxva kategoriis saqmeze gamotanil gadawyvetilebas SeiZleba mieces preiudiciuli (winaswar gadamwyveti) mniSvneloba am saqmis gadawyvetisas (106-e muxli).
amitom, sanam saqmis warmoebas SeaCerebdes, sasamarTlom zustad unda gansazRvros, Tu ra kavSiri arsebobs mis mier gansaxilvel saqmesa da im saqmes Soris, romelic sxva sasamarTlos mier ganixileba,
kerZod, gamomdinareoben Tu ara isini erTi da igive
faqtobrivi safuZvlebidan da samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan.
amasTan dakavSirebiT mxedvelobaSia misaRebi saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sakasacio palatis
samarTlebrivi pozicia, romelic man Camoayaliba erTerT Tavis ganCinebaSi. man dauSveblad CaTvala ssk 279e muxlis `d~ qvepunqtis safuZvelze saqmis warmoebis
SeCereba, `radgan gansaxilveli saqmis davis sagans warmoadgens materialuri da moraluri zianis anazRaureba, romelic regulirdeba samoqalaqo kodeqsiT da
araviTari kavSiri ar aris eleqtroenergiis tarifis
Sesaxeb normatiuli aqtis antikonstituciurad cnobis konstituciur sarCelTan.~41
e) kanonis saqarTvelos konstituciasTan Sesabamisobis sakiTxis garkveva saqarTvelos sakonstitucio
sasamarTlos kompetenciaa. amitom, Tu saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTlos eWvi epareba mis mier gamosayenebeli
41
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze. #2,2003,gv.259.
490
kanonis konstituciurobaSi, man unda SeaCeros saqme

da mimarTos wardginebiT sakonstitucio sasamarTlos
(me-6 muxlis me-2 nawili).
muxli 280. sasamarTlos ufleba

SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba
sasamarTlos, mxareTa gancxadebiT an Tavisi iniciativiT, SeuZlia SeaCeros saqmis
warmoeba, Tu:
a) mxare imyofeba namdvil vadian samxedro samsaxurSi an gawveulia raime saxelmwifo movaleobis Sesasruleblad;
b) mxare imyofeba xangrZliv samsaxurebriv mivlinebaSi;
g) mxare imyofeba samkurnalo dawesebulebaSi an avad aris, ris gamoc saSualeba ara
aqvs gamocxaddes sasamarTloSi, da es dasturdeba samedicino dawesebulebis cnobiT;
d) gamocxadebulia mopasuxis Zebna kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi;
e) sasamarTlom daniSna eqspertiza.
_ am muxlSi CamoTvlili garemoebebis arsebobisas
sasamarTlo araa valdebuli SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba. sxvanairad aq CamoTvlil garemoebebs saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis fakultatur safuZvlebs uwodeben.
SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba, Tu gadados saqmis ganxilva, damokidebulia mosamarTlis mixedulebaze.
magaliTad, sasamarTlom daniSna eqspertiza. imis
gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu ra sirTulis gamokvlevaa Casatarebeli, sasamarTlos SeuZlia gansazRvros vada da
ki ar SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba, aramed gadados saqmis
ganxilva.
_ saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis arasavaldebulo safuZvlebs Soris gansakuTrebul yuradRebas iqcevs
mxaris avadmyofoba. praqtikaSi arc ise iSviaTia SemT491
xveva, roca mxare namdvilad mZimedaa daavadebuli da

arc Cans raime perspeqtiva misi axlo momavlSi gamojanmrTelebisa. arada mowinaaRmdege mxare saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebiT naxulobs did zarals. avadmyofi mxare ki araviTar ganzraxvas, miandos saqmis warmoeba advokats (warmomadgenels), ar amJRavnebs. Tu aseTi piri mosarCelea, mizanSewonili iqneba saqmis warmoebis SeCereba mis gamojanmrTelebamde, magram, Tu
aseTi piri mopasuxea, sasamarTlom ssk-is 82-e muxlis
analogiiT mas unda dauniSnos misive ojaxis romelime
wevri saproceso warmomadgenlad, xolo Tu ojaxis
wevrebs Soris aseTi piri ar arsebobs, maSin sxva nebismieri piri, romelic SeZlebs avadmyofi mopasuxis interesebis dacvas (ix. 82-e muxlis komentari).
aseTi pirisaTvis saproceso warmomadgenlis daniSvna SeiZleba moxdes mas Semdeg, rodesac sasamarTlo
SesTavazebs mas dauniSnos advokati saxelmwifos xarjze (Tu mas am xarjebis anazRaureba ar SeuZlia), xolo avadmyofi mopasuxe amis kategoriuli winaaRmdegia (ix. 47-e muxlis me-2 nawilis komentari).
_ rac Seexeba am muxlis `d~ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebul mopasuxis Zebnis gamocxadebas, es gaTvaliswinebulia 3566-e muxliT reketuli an qurduli samyaros wevris qonebis CamorTmevis Taobaze aRZruli
sarCelebis ganxilvisas (ix. am uxlis komentari). ~saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis
30-e muxli iTvaliswinebs policiis meSveobiT movalis Zebnis gamocxadebis SesaZleblobas garkveuli kategoriis saqmeebze gamotanili da kanonier ZalaSi
Sesuli gadawyvetilebebis aRsrulebis mizniT.
_ am muxliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi saqmis
warmoebis SeCerebis vadebs gansazRvravs ssk-is 281-e
muxlis `b~ qvepunqti.
492

SeCerebis vadebi
saqmis warmoeba SeCerdeba:
a) 279-e muxlis à~ da `b~ qvepunqtebiT
gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi _ saqmidan gasuli piris uflebamonacvlis dadgenamde
an qmeduunaro pirisaTvis warmomadgenlis
daniSvnamde;
b) 279-e muxlis `g~ qvepunqtiT da 280e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi _
SeiaraRebuli Zalebis SemadgenlobaSi mxaris yofnamde, mis mier saxelmwifo movaleobis Sesrulebamde, samsaxurebrivi mivlinebidan dabrunebamde, samkurnalo dawesebulebidan gamoweramde an gamojanmrTelebamde, mopasuxis moZebnamde an eqspertizis damTavrebamde;
g) 279-e muxlis `d~ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi _ sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis, ganaCenis, ganCinebis, dadgenilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde an
administraciuli wesiT ganxilul saqmeze
gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde;
d) 279-e muxlis è~ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi _ sakonstitucio
sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis miRebamde.
a) uflebamonacvleoba materialur-samarTlebriv
urTierTobebSi anu sadavo uflebis gadasvla erTi
piridan meoreze (magaliTad, memkvidreobis gaxsnis
dros) aris saproceso uflebamonacvleobis safuZveli, magram ara misi savaldebulo Sedegi.
es imas niSnavs, rom uflebamonacvlis mier misi winamorbedis adgilis dakaveba samoqalaqo procesSi damokidebulia TviT uflebamonacvlis nebaze: daikavos,
Tu ara saqmidan gasuli mosarCelis adgili procesSi
493
_ es mTlianad damokidebulia am gasuli mosarCelis

uflebamonacvlis neba-survilze. am mxriv gansxvavebuli mdgomareoba uWiravs mopasuxis uflebamonacvles, romelic unda Caebas procesSi, Tu amas mosarCele an misi uflebamonacvle moiTxovs. Tu mopasuxis
uflebamonacvle, romelsac gaegzavna Setyobineba da
gafrTxilebuli iyo gamoucxadeblobis Sedegebis Sesaxeb, ar gamocxaddeba mTavar sxdomaze, mis mimarT
gamotanili iqneba dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba (92-e
muxli).
_ Tu mxarem dakarga qmedunarianoba (279-e muxlis
`b~ qvepunqti), e. i. aRiarebuli iqna kanoniT dadgenili wesiT qmeduunarod, mas eniSneba meurve (326-e muxli), romelsac eniWeba warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosileba sasamarTloSi (101-e muxli).
_ uflebamonacvleebma sasamarTlos unda warudginon uflebamonacvleobis damadasturebeli sabuTebi, magaliTad, mowmoba memkvidreobis uflebis Sesaxeb, moTxovnis an uflebis daTmobis xelwerili, vadis gadakisrebis xelSekruleba, iuridiuli piris reorganizaciis masalebi da a. S. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom
uflebamonacvle ar iyos dainteresebuli saqmis ganaxlebiT da, amitom, arc acnobos sasamarTlos amis
Sesaxeb. maSin es SeuZlia gaakeTos mowinaaRmdege mxarem, romelic dainteresebulia saqmis ganaxlebiT (ix.
92-e muxlis me-3 nawilis komentari).
b) demobilizaciis Sesaxeb aqtebis safuZvelze dadgindeba SeiaraRebuli Zalebidan dabrunebis faqti, saxelmwifo movaleobis Sesrulebis, mivlinebidan dabrunebis, samkurnalo dawesebulebidan gamoweris, eqspertizis damTavrebis Sesaxeb faqtebi dadasturdeba Sesabamisi dokumentebiT.
g) sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis, ganaCenis, ganCinebis ZalaSi Sesvla wesrigdeba samoqalaqo saproceso
da sisxlis saproceso kodeqsebiT. saqmis ganaxleba ar
SeiZleba am aqtebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde.
d) sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba ka494
nonier ZalaSi Sedis dauyovnebliv. sasamarTlo ganaaxlebs saqmes, rogorc ki sakonstitucio sasamarTlo
miiRebs Sesabamis gadawyvetilebas, romelic unda gadmoegzavnos samoqalaqo saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTlos (me-16 muxli).
_ saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Semdeg saqmis ganxilva xdeba saerTo wesiT (283-e muxli).
muxli 282. sasamarTlo ganCinebis

gasaCivreba
saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana, garda am kodeqsis 280-e muxlis e qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli
SemTxvevisa.
_ damoukideblad imisa, Tu visi iniciativiT xdeba
saqmis warmoebis SeCereba (mxareTa TxovniT, Tu sasamarTlos iniciativiT), ganCineba SeCerebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba gaasaCivros mxarem kerZo saCivriT (414-420-e
muxlebi) garda ganCinebisa eqspertizis daniSvnis gamo
saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb.
_ ganCinebaze saqmis warmoebis SeCerebaze uaris
Tqmis Sesaxeb kerZo saCivris Setana ar daiSveba.

ganaxleba
saqmis warmoeba ganaxldeba im garemoebaTa acilebis Semdeg, romlebmac gamoiwvia warmoebis SeCereba. warmoebis ganaxlebis Semdeg saqmis ganxilva xdeba saerTo
wesiT.
_ saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos
gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelSic miTiTebuli unda iyos
495
saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis dRe. mxareebs unda

ecnoboT saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb, saqmis ganxilvis
dRisa da im Sedegebis Sesaxeb, romelic SeiZleba moyves mis gamoucxadeblobas (72-e muxli).
_ saqmis ganxilva gagrZeldeba im etapidan, romel
etapzec igi SeCerda.
_ saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb ganCinebaze
kerZo saCivris Setana ar daiSveba.
496
T a v i
XXXI
sasamarTlo ganGineba
muxli 284. ganCinebis gamotana
1. sasamarTlos dadgenileba, romliTac
saqme arsebiTad ar wydeba, miiReba ganCinebis formiT.
2. sasamarTlo ganCinebas, romelic miRebulia erTpirovnulad mosamarTlis mier,
xels awers es mosamarTle, xolo Tu igi
miRebulia kolegiuri sasamarTlos mier _ yvela mosamarTle.
3. Tu ganCineba miRebulia saTaTbiro
oTaxSi gausvlelad, is Seitaneba sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmSi.
4. ganCineba, romelsac sasamarTlo iRebs
adgilze TaTbiriT, unda gamocxaddes miRebisTanave. Tavmjdomare an mosamarTle,
romelmac gamoacxada ganCineba, ganmartavs
am ganCinebis Sinaarss, misi gasaCivrebis
wessa da vadas, rac aisaxeba sxdomis oqmSi.
5. Tavmjdomare an mosamarTle saTabiro
oTaxSi miRebuli ganCinebis sarezolucio
nawils acxadebs TaTbiris Semdeg. Tavmjdomare an mosamarTle, romelmac gamoacxada ganCineba, ganmartavs am ganCinebis Sinaarss, misi gasaCivrebis wessa da vadas.
6. ganCinebis sarezolucio nawilis gamocxadebis 14 dRis vadaSi sasamarTlo amzadebs dasabuTebul ganCinebas mxareTaTvis
gadasacemad.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili da am kodeqsis 243-e muxlis pirveli nawili naTlad da garkveviT ganasxvaveben sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebisa da sasamarTlo gan497
Cinebis gamoyenebis sferoebs: saqmis arsebiTad gadawyvetis dros sasamarTlos gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba, xolo saqmis ganxilvis dros wamoWrili calkeuli sakiTxebis gadawyvetisas gamoaqvs ganCineba.
2. raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloebSi, sadac saqme
ganixileba erTpirovnulad mosamarTlis mier, yvela
ganCinebas xels awers es mosamarTle (magistrati mosamarTle). sasamarTlo sistemis yvela sxva rgolSi
saqme ganixileba kolegiurad, amitom, Tu ganCineba gamoaqvs sasamarTlos kolegiur Semadgenlobas, mas
xels awers am Semadgenlobis yvela mosamarTle, ar aris
gamoricxuli, rom saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli
ama Tu im sakiTxis gadawyveta an calkeuli saproceso
moqmedebis Sesruleba daevalos kolegiuri sasamarTlos romelime mosamarTles, magaliTad, sarCelis
miReba warmoebaSi (187-e muxli) saqmis momzadeba (me200 muxli) da sxva. aseT SemTxvevaSi, Tu ganCineba gamoaqvs kolegiuri sasamarTlos mosamarTles, maSin am
ganCinebas xels awers es mosamarTle.
2.nebismieri ganCineba SeiZleba miRebuli iqnes
rogorc calke saproceso dokumenti, ise oqmSi SetaniT. saTaTbiro oTaxSi oqmis Sedgena ar xdeba, amitom,
Tu sasamarTlo gavida saTaTbiro oTaxSi ganCinebis
gamosatanad, maSin aseTi ganCineba mxolod calke
saproceso dokumentis saxiT unda gamovides. ganCinebis gamosatanad saTaTbiro oTaxSi SeiZleba gavides saqmis erTpirovnulad ganmxilveli mosamarTlec, magram ara imitom, rom vinmes moeTaTbiros,
aramed Tu mis winaSe mxaris mier dasmuli sakiTxis
gadawyveta moiTxovs saqmis faqtobriv da samarTlebriv analizs.
- sasamarTlo oqmSi Setanili ganCineba unda pasuxobdes kanonis moTxovnebs (285-e muxli). mxares SeuZlia moiTxovos am oqmidan ganCinebis amonabeWdi, Seitanos am saoqmo ganCinebaze kerZo saCivari, Tu kanoniT
aseTi saCivari dasaSvebia.
498
- mizanSewonilad (arasavaldebulod) unda CaiTvalos yvela iseTi ganCinebis calke saproceso

dokumentis saxiT Camoyalibeba, romlebzec dasaSvebia kerZo saCivris Setana.
4. am muxlis me-4 nawili gansazRvravs saTaTbiro
oTaxSi gausvlelad (adgilze TaTbiriT) miRebuli ganCinebis gamocxadebis wess: a) aseTi ganCineba unda
gamocxaddes miRebisTanave; b) mosamarTlem, unda ganmartos am ganCinebis Sinaarsi, misi gasaCivrebis wesi
da vada.
5. am muxlis me-5 nawili gansazRvravs saTaTbiro
oTaxSi miRebuli ganCinebis gamocxadebis wess: a) mosamarTle acxadebs am wesiT miRebulil ganCinebis
sarezolucio nawils. es ise ar unda gavigoT, rom Tu
saTaTbiro oTaxSi miRebulia motivirebuli ganCineba, sasamarTlom mainc am ganCinebis sarezolucio nawili unda gamoacxados. ra Tqma unda ara! sasamarTlos
SeuZlia gamoacxados mTlianad motivirebuli ganCineba, Tu man SeZlo misi Camoyalibeba saTaTbiro
oTaxSi.
yvela SemTxvevaSi, acxadebs mosamarTle ganCinebis sarezolucio nawils, Tu mTlianad motivirebul
ganCinebas, man unda ganmartos gamocxadebuli ganCinebis Tu misi sarezolucio nawilis Sinaarsi da gasaCivrebis wesi da vada, romelic yovelTvis iwyeba motivirebulil ganCinebis mxareTaTvis gadacemis momentidan, Tu is ar yofila gamocxadebuli sasamarTlo
sxdomaze, romelsac eswrebodnen gasaCivrebis uflebis mqone pirebi. (ix. 416-e muxlis komentari).
5. Tu sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ara motivirebuli,
aramed ganCinebis sarezolucio nawili, maSin man unda
Seadginos dasabuTebuli ganCineba 14 dRis vadaSi misi
sarezolucio nawilis gamocxadebidan.
499
muxli 285. ganCinebis Sinaarsi

ganCinebaSi unda aRiniSnos:
a) ganCinebis miRebis dro da adgili;
b) ganCinebis mimRebi sasamarTlos dasaxeleba, Semadgenloba da sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivani;
g) mxareebi da davis sagani;
d) sakiTxi, romelzedac miRebul unda
iqnes ganCineba;
e) motivebi, romlebiTac sasamarTlo mivida Tavis daskvnamde, da kanonebi, romlebiTac sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobda;
v) sasamarTlos dadgenileba;
z) ganCinebis gasaCivrebis wesi da vada.
.
_ im Cveulebriv da cnobil rekvizitebs Soris, romlebic unda aisaxos ganCinebaSi, gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs im sakiTxis naTlad da garkveviT Camoyalibeba, romelzec an romlis Sesaxebac miRebulia
ganCineba (ganCinebis sagani), agreTve am ganCinebis faqtobrivi da iuridiuli motivireba, anu miTiTeba faqtebze da kanonebze, romlebiTac xelmZRvanelobda
ganCinebis gamomtani sasamarTlo.
_ ganCinebis samarTlebrivi dasabuTebis dros sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobs samoqalaqo saproceso samarTlis normebiT, magram Tu es saWiroa, materialursamarTlebrivi normebiTac. magaliTad, Tu materialuri samarTali ar uSvebs uflebamonacvleobas, sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas ara saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis, aramed saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb
(272-e muxlis è~ qvepunqti). aseT SemTxvevaSi ganCinebaSi unda mieTiTos materialur samarTlebriv
normazec.
_ gadawyvetilebis analogiurad sasamarTlos,
mxareTa TxovniT SeuZlia ganmartos Tavisi ganCineba,
Tu igi amas saWiroebs (ix. 262-e muxlis komentari).
500
- ganCinebaSi gasaCivrebis wesisa da vadis Sesaxeb

miTiTeba savaldebuloa, miT umetes rom es wesebi da
vadebi araa erTgvarovani.
muxli 286. ganCinebis aslebis

gadagzavna mxareebisaTvis
mxareebs, romlebic ar eswrebian ganCinebis gamocxadebas, egzavnebaT ganCinebis aslebi saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis, sarCelis
ganuxilvelad datovebisa Tu saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb misi gamotanidan
ara ugvianes 5 dRisa.
_ es muxli gansazRvravs mxolod aq CamoTvlili ganCinebebis im mxarisaTvis gagzavnis vadas, romlis gamocxadebas ar eswreboda mxare. magram es imas ar niSnavs, rom sasamarTlos sxva ganCinebebi ar unda gadaegzavnos mxares (mxareebs), romelic ar eswreboda mis
gamocxadebas. yvela ganCineba, romelzec SeiZleba
kerZo saCivris an saCivris (197-e muxli) Setana, aucileblad unda gadaegzavnos im mxares, romelic ar eswreboda aseTi ganCinebis gamocxadebas. mxedvelobaSia
misaRebi is, rom ssk-is 416-e da 197-e muxlebis Tanaxmad, kerZo saCivris Setanis vada iwyeba ganCinebis gadacemis momentidan, roca mis gamocxadebas ar eswreboda mxare (ix. am muxlis komentari). ganCinebis gadacemis momentad iTvleba misi aslis mxarisaTvis Cabareba uSualod sasamarTloSi, an misi mxarisaTvis gadagzavna ssk-is 70-78-e muxlebis Sesabamisad, Tu saqmeSi arsebobs cnoba, rom ganCineba Cabarda adresats
(369-e muxli).
501
T a v i
XXXII
sasamarTlo oqmi
muxli 287. oqmis Sedgenis
savaldebulooba
sasamarTlos TiToeuli sxdomis Sesaxeb,
agreTve sxdomis gareSe Sesrulebuli TiToeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesaxeb, romelSic monawileoben mxareebi, maTi warmomadgenlebi, mowmeebi, eqspertebi, specialistebi, oqmis Sedgena savaldebuloa.
_ es muxli Seicavs oqmis Sedgenis savaldebulobis zogad, magram sakmaod naTel kriteriumebs. oqmis Sedgena yovelTvis savaldebuloa: 1) Tu mimdinareobs sasamarTlo sxdoma (mosamzadebeli Tu mTavari
sxdoma) da 2) Tu saproceso moqmedebis SesrulebaSi
monawileoben mxareebi, maTi warmomadgenlebi, mowmeebi, specialistebi da a. S.
_ magaliTad, Tu sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba
sarCelisa da masze darTuli dokumentebis aslebis
mopasuxisaTvis gadagzavnis Sesaxeb (201-e muxli), an
kidev, mosamzadebeli sxdomis, Tu mTavari sxdomis daniSvnis Sesaxeb (207-e muxli), oqmis Sedgena saWiro araa,
radgan am da sxva amgvari ganCinebebis miReba xdeba mxareTa da maT warmomadgenelTa monawileobis gareSe.
magram Tu sasamarTlo ixilavs sakiTxs sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb, adgilze daTvalierebis Sesaxeb
(125-e muxli) da a. S. maSin unda Sedges oqmi.
_ zogjer kanoni iTvaliswinebs ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebas mxareTa aucilebeli SetyobinebiT, Tumca maTi gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs aseTi moqmedebis Sesrulebas (115-e muxli). zogjer kanoni gansazRvravs sasamarTlos mier ama Tu im
saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebas mxareTa aucilebe502
li SetyobinebiT, magram uSvebs gadaudebel SemTxvevaSi am moqmedebis Sesrulebas mxareTa Setyobinebis

gareSec (113-e muxli).
aris Tu ara saWiro oqmis Sedgena, roca saproceso
moqmedeba sruldeba mxareTa SetyobinebebiT, magram
maTi monawileobis gareSe, vinaidan ar gamocxaddnen,
an gadaudebel SemTxvevaSi maTi Setyobinebis gareSe?
diax, oqmi mainc unda Sedges, Tu igi gvevlineba rogorc mtkicebuleba imis dasadastureblad, Tu ra moqmedeba Seasrula sasamarTlom da ra Sedegebi iqna miRebuli am moqmedebis Sesrulebis Sedegad. sxva SemTxvevaSi oqmis Sedgena saWiro araa. magaliTad, Tu eqspertizis daniSvnis sakiTxs sasamarTlo wyvets mxareTa Setyobinebisa da monawileobis gareSe, maSin oqmi saWiro araa
(203-e muxlis `T~ qvepunqti), magram, Tu am sakiTxis gadawyveta warmoebs mxareTa monawileobiT (163-e muxlis
me-2 da me-3 nawili), maSin unda Sedges oqmi.
muxli 288. oqmis Sinaarsi

oqmi unda asaxavdes saqmis ganxilvis an
calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis yvela arsebiT moments, kerZod, sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmSi unda aRiniSnos:
a) sasamarTlo sxdomis weli, Tve, ricxvi
da adgili;
b) sasamarTlo sxdomis dawyebisa da damTavrebis dro;
g) saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos dasaxeleba, Semadgenloba da sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivani;
d) saqmis dasaxeleba;
e) cnobebi warmomadgenelTa, mowmeTa, eqspertTa da TarjimanTa gamocxadebis Sesaxeb;
v) cnobebi mxareebisa da warmomadgenlebisaTvis maTi saproceso uflebebisa da
503
movaleobebis ganmartebis Sesaxeb;

z) sasamarTlos gankargulebani da saTaTbiro oTaxSi gausvlelad miRebuli ganCinebani;
T) mxareTa da maT warmomadgenelTa axsna-ganmartebani;
i) mowmeTa Cvenebebi, eqspertebis mier
TavianTi daskvnebis ganmartebebi, nivTier
da werilobiT mtkicebulebaTa daTvalierebis monacemebi;
k) sasamarTlo paeqrobis Sinaarsi;
l) cnobebi gadawyvetilebebisa da ganCinebis gamocxadebis Sesaxeb;
m) cnobebi gadawyvetilebis Sinaarsis, misi
gasaCivrebis wesisa da vadis ganmartebis
Sesaxeb.
_ oqmi erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi saproceso dokumentia, romelsac aqvs mravalmxrivi mtkicebulebiTi da
informaciuli mniSvneloba. aRsaniSnavia, rom sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmis uqonloba _ gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis udavo safuZvelia (385-e da 394-e muxlis `T~ qvepunqti). aqedan gamomdinare, oqms waeyeneba garkveuli moTxovnebi, romelTa dacviT igi unda iqnes Sedgenili.
_ es muxli gansazRvravs oqmis savaldebulo rekvizitebs, im sainformacio monacemebs, romlebsac unda
Seicavdes oqmi, amasTan erTad, es muxli Seicavs erT
metad mniSvnelovan daTqmas: oqmi unda asaxavdes saqmis ganxilvis an calkeuli saproceso moqmedebaTa
Sesrulebis mxolod àrsebiT momentebs~.
_ oqmis Sinaarsi ar amoiwureba am muxlSi miTiTebuli rekvizitebis asaxviT. oqmSi SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes sxva sainformacio monacemebis Setanac, rogoricaa mxareTa da saqmis ganxilvaSi monawile sxva pirTa
iseTi moqmedeba, rogoricaa sarCelze uaris Tqma, sarCelis cnoba, saqmis morigebiT damTavreba, mxaris mi-
504
er saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone ama Tu im garemoebis (faqtis) aRiareba da sxva.

_ amasTan erTad, araa mizanSewonili oqmSi iseTi monacemebis Setana, romlebsac ar aqvT raime mniSvneloba saqmisaTvis an isedac cnobilia saqmeSi monawile yvela pirisaTvis.
muxli 289. oqmis Sedgenisa da

gaformebis wesi
1. oqms adgens mdivani TviT sasamarTlo
sxdomaze an sxdomis gareSe calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis dros.
2. mxareebsa da maT warmomadgenlebs ufleba aqvT iSuamdgomlon oqmSi im garemoebaTa Setanis Sesaxeb, romlebsac maTi azriT, saqmisaTvis arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvT.
3. oqmi momzadebuli da xelmoweril unda iqnes ara ugvianes 3 dRisa sxdomis
damTavrebis an calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis Semdeg.
4. oqms xels aweren mosamarTle da mdivani, xolo Tu saqmes kolegiuri sasamarTlo ixilavda, _ am sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare da mdivani.
5. oqmSi Setanil yvela cvlilebas, Sesworebasa da damatebas ukeTdeba SeniSvna da
mowmdeba oqmze xelis momwer pirTa mier.
1. oqmis Sedgenis movaleoba ekisreba sasamarTlo
sxdomis mdivans, romelmac es oqmi unda Seadginos samarTalwarmoebis enaze. oqmi SeiZleba daiweros xeliT, daibeWdos an oqmis SedgenisaTvis gamoyenebuli
iqnes magnitofoni an kompiuteri (290-e muxli).
2. mxareTa axsna-ganmartebani, mowmeTa Cvenebebi, eqspertis Cveneba, maTi Suamdgomlobebi da gancxadebebi unda Caiweros pirveli piris saxiT. jer unda Caiwe505
ros SekiTxvis mimcemi piri, misi SekiTxva da Semdeg

SekiTxvaze pasuxis gamcemi piri da misi pasuxi. mosamarTlis an sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris gankargulebebi aisaxeba oqmSi sasamarTlos saxeliT, magram mesame piris saxiT. saTaTbiro oTaxSi gausvlelad miRebul ganCinebis teqsts, romelic oqmSi Seitaneba, kiTxulobs mosamarTle an kolegiis Tavmjdomare, roca
saqmes kolegiuri sasamarTlo ixilavs.
_ Tu mxare Suamdgomlobs sasamarTlos winaSe ama
Tu im garemoebis oqmSi Setanis Sesaxeb, oqmSi unda aisaxos es. oqmSi unda aisaxos isic, daakmayofila Tu ara
es Suamdgomloba sasamarTlom. Tu mxaris Suamdgomloba werilobiT iyo warmodgenili _ igi aisaxeba oqmSi
da daerTvis saqmes.
3. oqmi erT-erTi ZiriTadi saproceso dokumentia,
romlis meSveobiT SeiZleba imis gageba, rogori Cveneba
misces mowmeebma, eqspertebma, ra axali faqtebi da garemoebebi daayenes mxareebma da mesame pirebma, ra mosazrebebi wamoayenes warmomadgenlebma da rogoria maTi pozicia, ra faqtobriv da samarTlebriv safuZvlebs
efuZneba maTi mosazreba saqmis arsis Sesaxeb da a. S.
_ oqmis aseTi mniSvnelobidan gamomdinare, misi
srulyofilad SedgenisaTvis gansazRvrulia maqsimum
sami dRe. am vadis aTvla iwyeba im dRidan, roca damTavrda sxdoma, an esa Tu is saproceso moqmedeba.
4. sanam xels moawerdes mosamarTle, jer yuradRebiT unda gaecnos oqms da Tu saWirod CaTvlis, miuTiTos mdivans, Seitanos masSi saWiro da aucilebeli dazustebebi da damatebebi. mosamarTlem ar unda moaweros xeli daudevrad Sedgenil oqms.
_ oqmi momzadebulad iTvleba mxolod misi xelmoweris Semdeg, e. i. mas Semdeg, roca xels moawers
mosamarTle da mdivani. aseTi xelmoweris gareSe oqmi ar iTvleba saproceso dokumentad da mas ukavSirdeba iseTive Sedegi, rogorc saqmeSi sasamarTlo
oqmis ararsebobas (385-e da 394-e muxlebi), e. i. iTvleba, rom saqmes ar erTvis sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmi.
506
5. oqmSi SeiZleba Setanili iqnes Sesworeba da damateba, magram aseT Sesworeba-damatebas, Tu cvlilebas
unda gaukeTdes SeniSvna: `Sesworebas endeT~, `Camatebas endeT~ da a. S. Sesworeba unda iyos xelmowerili.
muxli 290. magnitur firze Cawerili

oqmi
sasamarTlos SeuZlia oqmis SedgenisaTvis gamoiyenos magnitofoni an kompiuteri, romelTa Canawerebic oqms Tan erTvis.
sasamarTlo sxdomis an calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis Semdeg magnitofonisa Tu kompiuteris Canawerebi gadatanil unda iqnes oqmSi.
oqmis SedgenisaTvis magnitofonis an kompiuteris
gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba uaRresad mniSvnelovani siaxlea, romelsac didi mniSvneloba aqvs oqmis sisrulisaTvis, misi srulyofilad SedgenisaTvis.
_ ssk 289-e muxlis me-3 nawilis moTxovna imis Sesaxeb, rom oqmi momzadebuli iqnes araugvianes sami dRisa calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis, Tu sasamarTlo sxdomis damTavrebis dRidan _ unda gavrceldes am muxlis moTxovnazec imis Sesaxeb, rom magnitofonis Tu kompiuteris Canaweri gadatanili iqnes
oqmSi araugvianes sami dRisa sxdomis damTavrebis Tu
saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis dRidan.
magnitofonis Tu kompiuteris Canaweri TviTon ar
warmoadgens oqms. isini mxolod SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes oqmis SedgenisaTvis, xolo maTi Canawerebi,
romlebic gadatanilia oqmSi, Tan unda daerTos saqmes.
muxli 291. SeniSvnebi sxdomis oqmTan

dakavSirebiT
sxdomis oqmze xelmoweridan 3 dRis va507
daSi mxareebsa da maT warmomadgenlebs

SeuZliaT waradginon TavianTi SeniSvnebi
oqmTan dakavSirebiT, miuTiTon mis usworobasa da usrulobaze. SeniSvnebi unda
daerTos saqmes. SeniSvnebs saqmis ganmxilveli mosamarTle (sasamarTlo) ganixilavs
maTi Setanidan 5 dRis vadaSi da gamoaqvs
ganCineba SeniSvnebis Sesaxeb.
oqmi Sedgenilad iTvleba mxolod mas Semdeg, roca
mas xels moawers mosamarTle da mdivani. aqedan gamomdinare, mxareebs SeuZliaT gaecnon oqms mxolod mosamarTlisa da mdivnis mier am oqmze xelmoweris
Semdeg, e.i. mas Semdeg, roca oqmi iTvleba Sedgenilad.
_ mxareebs da maT warmomadgenlebs SeuZliaT gaecnon saqmis masalebs da maT Soris oqms, saqmis warmoebis nebismier etapze, magram SeniSvnebi oqmis mimarT
SeiZleba gakeTdes masze xelis moweridan sami dRis
ganmavlobaSi. cxadia, es vada SeiZleba aRadginos sasamarTlom am kodeqsis 65-66-e muxlebiT dadgenili
wesiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
_ SeniSvnebis miReba-armiRebis sakiTxs gadawyvets
ara sxdomis mdivani, aramed mosamarTle, romelic
xels awers oqms. SeniSvnebis miReba - armiRebis Sesaxeb mosamarTles gamoaqvs ganCineba. Tu igi ar iziarebs
SeniSvnebs, man unda daasabuTos es, magram, Tu igi
iziarebs am SeniSvnebs an maT nawils, ganCinebaSi unda
miuTiTos romel SeniSvnebs an maT nawils iziarebs.
SeniSvnebi yvela SemTxvevaSi unda iyos warmodgenili werilobiTi formiT. damoukideblad imisa, gaiziara es SeniSvnebi mosamarTlem Tu ara, isini yovelTvis daerTvis saqmes.
_ sasamarTlos ganCinebaze SeniSvnebis uaryofis Sesaxeb kerZo saCivris Setana ar daiSveba.
508
kari mexuTe
gamartivebuli warmoeba
T a v i
XXXIII
Tamasuqisa da Gekis Taobaze aRZruli

sarGelebis ganxilva
muxli 292. dasaSveboba
Tu Tamasuqis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad aRZruli iqneba Tamasuqidan gamomdinare pretenziebi da sarCelSi miTiTebuli iqneba, rom saqmis ganxilva moxdes gamartivebuli wesiT, gamoyenebul unda iqnes am TavSi gaTvaliswinebuli wesebi.
_ saqarTvelos kanoni `Tamasuqis Sesaxeb~, romelic
miRebulia 1995 wlis 19 aprils, sxva sakiTxebTan erTad awesrigebs Tamasuqis gaunaRdeblobis SemTxvevaSi sarCelis wardgenis SesaZleblobas.42
Tamasuqi am kanonis mixedviT _ esaa fasiani qaRaldi, dokumenti, romliTac misi gamcemi piri kisrulobs
upirobo valdebulebas gadaixados TamasuqSi naCvenebi Tanxa piradad an sxva pirs avalebs mis gadaxdas.
_ `Tamasuqis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis 37-e muxlis Tanaxmad, Tamasuqis mflobels SeuZlia warudginos sarCeli indosants, Tamasuqis gamcems da sxva valdebul pirebs gadaxdis vadis dadgomisas, gadauxdelobisas, gadaxdis vadis dadgomamdec, oRond im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac movalis gadaxdisunarianoba saeWvoa,
an rodesac saeWvoa im Tamasuqis gamcemis gadaxdisunarianoba, romelic aqceptebas ar eqvemdebareba.
42
saqarTvelos normatiuli aqtebis krebuli, wigni I I I, iuridiuli

da sagamomcemlo kompania norma Sps,Tbilisi,1996, gv.202.
509
aRniSnuli garemoebebi ar warmoadgens sarCelis

aRZvris an sarCelis miRebis winapirobebs. sarCeli miRebuli unda iqnes warmoebaSi samoqalaqo saproceso
kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT (185-e da 186-e muxlebi), im damatebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rac am TaviTaa
gaTvaliswinebuli. `Tamasuqis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos
kanonis 37-e muxlSi miTiTebuli garemoebebi warmoadgenen Tamasuqidan warmoSobili moTxovnebis dakmayofilebis safuZvels.
_ Tamasuqidan gamomdinare sarCeli SeiZleba ganxiluli iqnes gamartivebuli wesiT, Tu amave sarCelSi iqneba miTiTebuli, rom misi ganxilva moxdes gamartivebuli wesiT, e.i. mosarCele moiTxovs amas (297-e muxli).
muxli 293. Tamasuqis wardgena

sarCels Tan unda daerTos Tamasuqis asli. saqmis sasamarTlo sxdomaze zepiri ganxilvis dros mosarCelem Tamasuqi dednis
saxiT unda warmoadginos.
_ Tamasuqidan gamomdinare sarCelze am Tamasuqis
aslis darTva warmoadgens sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis erT-erT winapirobas. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu aseTi
asli ar erTvis sarCels, sasamarTlo ver miiRebs mas
warmoebaSi, magram dauniSnavs mosarCeles vadas xarvezis Sesavsebad da Tu am vadaSi xarvezi ar iqneba Sevsebuli, datovebs mas umoZraod (185-e muxli).
_ Tamasuqis aslis sarCelTan erTad wardgena ar aTavisuflebs mosarCeles movaleobisagan warmoudginos sasamarTlos saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvisas Tamasuqis dedani.
_ dedani sabuTis warmoudgenlobas SeiZleba mohyves sarCelis dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqma (135-e muxli). Tamasuqis aslebis da Tamasuqis dednis miRebis sakiTxebs awesrigebs `Tamasuqis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos
kanonis me-60-61-e muxlebi.
510
muxli 294. gansjadoba

1. sarCelebi Tamasuqis Taobaze SeiZleba
aRiZras rogorc im sasamarTloSi, romlis
teritoriazedac unda moxdes gadaxda, ise
sasamarTloSi mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.
2. Tu sarCeli mimarTulia erToblivad
ramdenime Tamasuqvaldebulis mimarT, maSin sarCeli SeiZleba aRiZras rogorc im
sasamarTloSi, romlis teritoriazedac unda moxdes gadaxda, ise nebismier sasamarTloSi erT-erTi mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.
1. es muxli gansazRvravs alternatiuli gansjadobis wesebs, romlis Tanaxmad, Tamasuqidan gamomdinare sarCelebi SeiZleba aRiZras gansjadobis saerTo wesis mixedviT, rogorc mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis, ise Tamasuqis gadaxdis adgilis mixedviT sasamarTloSi.
arCevani SeuZlia gaakeTos mosarCelem.
2. aseve, Tu ramdenime Tamasuqvaldebulia, sarCeli SeiZleba aRiZras erT-erTi Tamasuqvaldebulis
sacxovrebeli adgilis an gadaxdis adgilis mixedviT
sasamarTloSi.
muxli 295. vada uwyebis Cabarebidan

sasamarTlo sxdomamde
mxareebs uwyeba unda CabardeT sasamarTlos sxdomis dawyebamde aranakleb 24 saaTiT adre, Tu es uwyeba bardeba sasamarTlos adgilsamyoflis mixedviT. Tuki uwyeba bardeba sxva adgilze, maSin es vada
ganisazRvreba minimum 3 dRiT.
511
_ uwyebis Cabarebis vadebi ganpirobebulia saqmis

gamartivebuli warmoebiT, rac imaSi vlindeba, rom am
wesiT saqmis ganxilvisas ar xdeba saqmis winaswari momzadeba (mxareTa werilobiTi Sejibreba), amitom, uwyebis Cabarebis vada ganisazRvreba mxareTa sasamarTloSi gamocxadebis uzrunvelyofis interesebiT, imiT,
rom maT SeZlon Tavisuflad moaswron sasamarTlos
mTavar sxdomaze gamocxadeba.
muxli 296. mtkicebulebebi

1. mtkicebulebebad daiSveba mxolod dokumentebi (werilobiTi mtkicebulebebi) da
mxareTa axsna-ganmartebebi.
2. dokumenturi dadastureba SesaZlebelia mxolod Sesabamisi dokumentebis wardgeniT.
_ mtkicebulebaTa dasaSvebobis zogadi principi
Camoyalibebulia ssk 102-e muxlis me-3 nawilSi, romlis Tanaxmad saqmis garemoebani, romlebic kanonis Tanaxmad, unda dadasturdes garkveuli saxis mtkicebulebebiT, ar SeiZleba dadasturdes sxva saxis mtkicebulebebiT.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili warmoadgens mtkicebulebaTa dasaSvebobis zogadi principis konkretul
gamovlinebas, romlis Tanaxmad, garemoebebi, romlebsac emyareba Tamasuqidan gamomdinare sasarCelo moTxovnebi, SeiZleba damtkicdes da dadasturdes mxolod werilobiTi mtkicebulebebiT da mxareTa axsna-ganmartebiT.
2. am muxlis meore nawilSi miTiTebul Sesabamis dokumentSi igulisxmeba dokumenti, romliTac kanonis
moTxovnaTa mixedviT, SeiZleba dadasturdes esa Tu
is faqti (garemoeba). magaliTad, Tu dasadgenia Tamasuqis gadaxdaze uari, aseTi uari SeiZleba dadasturdes òficialuri oqmiT~ (aqceptebs an gadaxdaze ua512
ris protestiT) (~Tamasuqis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis 38-e muxli).
muxli 297. gamartivebuli wesiT

saqmis ganxilvaze uaris Tqma
mosarCeles SeuZlia mopasuxis Tanxmobis
gareSe uari Tqvas am TavSi Camoyalibebuli wesebis mixedviT saqmis ganxilvaze am
saqmis ganxilvis damTavrebamde. aseT SemTxvevaSi saqme ganixileba saerTo wesiT.
_ gadawyvetilebas Tamasuqis (Cekis) Taobaze aRZruli sarCelis gamartivebuli wesiT ganxilvis Sesaxeb iRebs uSualod mosarCele. amisaTvis mas ar sWirdeba arc mopasuxis da arc mosamarTlis Tanxmoba. mTavaria mxolod is, rom man daicvas am wesiT sarCelis
aRZvrisa da misi warmoebis kanoniT dadgenili wesebi.
_ mosarCeles aseve SeuZlia uSualod da calmxrivad
uari Tqvas gamartivebuli wesiT sarCelis ganxilvaze am
saqmis ganxilvis damTavrebamde, e. i. gadawyvetilebis
gamotanamde, ufro zustad, gadawyvetilebis gamosatanad sasamarTlos saTaTbiro oTaxSi gasvlamde.
_ Tu mosarCelem uari Tqva gamartivebuli wesiT
saqmis ganxilvaze, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba gamartivebuli wesiT saqmis ganxilvis Sewyvetisa da am
saqmis saerTo sasarCelo wesiT ganxilvis Sesaxeb.
_ aseTi ganCinebis miRebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom
unda moamzados saqmis ganxilva ssk me-200-207-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT, xolo momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg daniSnos sasamarTlos mTavari sxdoma.
muxli 298. sarCelebis SeerTebisa da

Segebebuli sarCelebis aRZvris
dauSvebloba
ar SeiZleba Tamasuqis Taobaze aRZruli
513
sarCelebis SeerTeba sxva pretenziebis gamo aRZrul sarCelebTan. dauSvebelia agreTve Segebebuli sarCelebis aRZvra.
_ sarCelebis Tu sxva iseTi moTxovnebis gaerTianeba, romlebic araa dakavSirebuli TamasuqTan, rasac
iTvaliswinebs da uSvebs ssk 182-e muxli, agreTve Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvra, rasac iTvaliswinebs 188-e
muxli, Tamasuqis saqmeebis gamartivebuli wesiT ganxilvisas _ dauSvebelia.

gadawyvetilebebis daTqma
1. mopasuxes, romelic uaryofs mis winaaRmdeg wamoyenebul moTxovnas, yvela SemTxvevaSi mas Semdeg, rac gadawyvetileba
gamotanili iqneba, SeuZlia moiTxovos saqmis
damatebiTi warmoeba Tavisi uflebebis ganxorcielebis mizniT.
2. gadawyvetileba mopasuxis uflebebis
SenarCunebiT saboloo gadawyvetilebad iTvleba gasaCivrebisa da iZulebiTi aRsrulebis TvalsazrisiT.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili uflebas aZlevs mopasuxes moiTxovos saqmis damatebiTi warmoeba, Tu Tvlis, rom misi uflebebi Seilaxa an ver ganxorcielda
saqmis gamartivebuli warmoebis gamo.
aseTi moTxovna mopasuxes SeuZlia wamoayenos Tavisi werilobiTi SesagebliT (protestiT), romelic
warmoadgens saqmis damatebiTi warmoebis safuZvels.
_ saqmis damatebiTi warmoebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos
gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelzec kerZo saCivris Setana
ar SeiZleba.
2. mopasuxis werilobiTi Sesagebeli (protesti) imis
moTxovniT, rom Catardes saqmeze damatebiTi warmoe514
ba, ver SeaCerebs gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlas da aRsrulebas.

_ Tu mopasuxem moiTxova ara damatebiTi warmoeba,
aramed Semoitana saapelacio (sakasacio) saCivari, maSin gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvla da aRsruleba warmoebs ise, rogorc nebismieri sxva gadawyvetilebisa (264-e muxli).
muxli 300. saqmis damatebiTi

warmoeba
1. Tu mopasuxes SenarCunebuli aqvs Tavisi uflebis ganxorcielebis SesaZlebloba, dava rCeba sasamarTlo warmoebis sferoSi.
2. Tu saqmis damatebiTi warmoebis dros
gamovlindeba, rom mosarCelis moTxovna usafuZvlo iyo, gadawyvetileba, romelic miRebulia am TavSi gaTvaliswinebuli wesebis dacviT, uqmdeba; mosarCeles uari unda eTqvas Tavisi moTxovnis dakmayofilebaze da sasamarTlo xarjebic Sesabamisad
unda ganawildes. mosarCeles evaleba im
zaralis anazRaureba, romelic miadga mopasuxes gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis an aseTi aRsrulebisaTvis xelisSemSleli qmedebis Sedegad. mopasuxes SeuZlia wamoayenos
zaralis anazRaurebis moTxovna davis sasamarTlo ganxilvis procesSi.
1. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sasamarTlo akmayofilebs mopasuxis Txovnas saqmis damatebiTi warmoebis
Sesaxeb, maSin sasamarTlom unda moamzados saqme da
Caataros aseTi damatebiTi saproceso moqmedebebi.
2. damatebiTi warmoebis dros SeiZleba gamoirkves,
rom saqmis gamartivebuli wesiT ganxilvis Sedegad miRebuli da mopasuxis mier gaprotestebuli gadawyve515
tileba arsebiTad sworia. maSin sasamarTlos gamoaqvs

ganCineba gadawyvetilebis ucvlelad datovebis Sesaxeb.
_ damatebiTi warmoebis dros SeiZleba gamoirkves
agreTve, rom gadawyvetileba arasworia, radgan am gadawyvetilebiT dakmayofilda mosarCelis usafuZvlo
moTxovna, maSin saqmis gamartivebuli wesiT miRebul
gadawyvetilebas auqmebs misi gamomtani sasamarTlo
da Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT uars eubneba mosarCeles
misi moTxovnis dakmayofilebaze.
_ aseTi gadawyvetilebis gauqmebas ukavSirdeba Semdegi Sedegebi:
a) sasamarTlo xarjebi daekisreba mosarCeles (53-e
muxlis pirveli nawili);
b) moxdeba gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebruneba
(Tu igi aRsrulebuli iyo);
g) mosarCeles daekisreba im zianis anazRaureba, romelic miadga mopasuxes gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebiT;
d) mopasuxes SeuZlia wamoayenos zianis anazRaurebis moTxovna saqmis damatebiTi warmoebis procesSi.
muxli 301. Cekis Taobaze aRZruli

saqmeebis warmoeba
Tu moTxovnebi wamoyenebulia Cekis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad, gamoyenebul unda iqnes Tamasuqis Taobaze aRZruli saqmeebis warmoebis wesi.
_ Ceki _ es aris dadgenili formis fasiani qaRaldi,
romelic Seicavs Cekis gamcemis werilobiT davalebas
sabanko dawesebulebisadmi, gaanaRdos CekSi aRniSnuli Tanxa.
_ 1995 wlis 19 aprils miRebuli iqna saqarTvelos
kanoni `Cekis Sesaxeb~, romelic awesrigebs Cekis gacemis, moqmedebis, indosirebis, Tavdebobis, gadaxdisa
516
da aqedan gamodinare Sedegebis, agreTve masTan dakavSirebuli pretenziebis wardgenis wess.43

imis gasarkvevad, wamoyenebulia Tu ara moTxovna
am kanonis Sesabamisad, sasamarTlom unda ixelmZRvanelos zemoT dasaxelebuli saqarTvelos kanoniT `Cekis Sesaxeb~. am kategoriis saqmeTa ganxilvisas ki sasamarTlom unda ixelmZRvanelos im wesebiT, romlebic dadgenilia Tamasuqis Taobaze aRZruli sarCelebis ganxilvisaTvis.
43
saqarTvelos normatiuli aqtebis krebuli, wigni I, iuridiuli da

sagamomcemlo kompania norma Sps, Tb.,1996, gv.188
517
T a v i
XXXIV
davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb saqmis

ganxilvis gamartivebuli wesi
muxli 302. dasaSveboba
1. am TavSi Camoyalibebuli gamartivebuli wesiT SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes moTxovnebi garkveuli fuladi Tanxis davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb.
2. davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb saqmis ganxilvis gamartivebuli wesi ar daiSveba, Tu:
a) moTxovnis wamoyeneba damokidebulia
jer kidev Seusrulebel sapasuxo gadaxdaze;
b) brZaneba davalianebis gadaxdevinebis
Sesaxeb mxares unda ecnobos sajaro (oficialuri) gamocxadebis gziT.
1. davalianebis amoRebis Sesaxeb saqmis gamartivebuli wesiT warmoebis pirveli etapi iwyeba gancxadebis dasaSvebobis SemowmebiT. aseTi Semowmebis mizniT
sasamarTlom unda gamoarkvios, arsebobs Tu ara aseTi
warmoebisaTvis dasaSvebobis pirobebi.
es pirobebia:
1) moiTxovs Tu ara ganmcxadebeli fuladi Tanxis
gadaxdevinebas. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu ganmcxadebeli
moiTxovs ara fuladi Tanxis gadaxdevinebas, aramed
mopasuxisagan raime nivTis gadacemas, raime samuSaos
Sesrulebas da a. S. maSin gamartivebuli warmoeba am
TaviT gaTvaliswinebuli wesebiT ar daiSveba.
2) xom ar aris moTxovnis wamoyeneba damokidebuli
ganmcxadeblis mxriv jer kidev Seusrulebel sapasuxo gadaxdaze. es imas niSnavs, rom davalianebis gadaxdevinebis valdebuleba mopasuxis mimarT warmoiSoba
518
mas Semdeg, roca ganmcxadebeli Seasrulebs Tavis valdebulebas mis mimarT. sailustraciod SeiZleba miuTiToT samoqalaqo kodeqsis 369-e muxlze, romlis Tanaxmad piri, romelsac valdebuleba akisria ormxrivi
xelSekrulebidan gamomdinare, SeuZlia uari Tqvas
valdebulebis Sesrulebaze `sapasuxo moqmedebis
ganxorcielebamde~.44
3) xom ar aris imis aucilebloba, rom gadaxdis brZaneba ecnobos mopasuxes sajaro gamocxadebis gziT. es
imas niSnavs, rom gadaxdis brZaneba ver aRsruldeba,
Tu ar aris cnobili mopasuxis adgilsamyofeli (ix.78e muxlis komentari).
4) pasuxobs Tu ara gancxadeba gadaxdis brZanebis
miRebis Sesaxeb ssk 303-e muxlis moTxovnebs (ix. am muxlis komentari).
_ Tu ar arsebobs gadaxdis brZanebis miRebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis dasaSvebobis esa Tu is piroba, sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos ganCineba gancxadebis (gadaxdis brZanebis) miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb (305-e
muxli).
muxli 303. gancxadeba davalianebis

gadaxdis valdebulebis Sesaxeb
1. davalianebis gadaxdis valdebulebis
Sesaxeb gancxadeba, romelic saqmis gamartivebuli wesiT ganxilvis safuZvelia, miznad unda isaxavdes sasamarTlos mier davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb brZanebis miRebas (gadaxdis brZaneba).
2. gancxadeba davalianebis gadaxdis valdebulebis Sesaxeb unda Seicavdes:
a) mxareebisa da maTi warmomadgenlebis
dasaxelebas;
44
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni mesame,
Tb., 2001 w., gv.298.
519
b) sasamarTlos dasaxelebas, romelSic

SeaqvT gancxadeba;
g) monacemebs imis Sesaxeb, Tu romeli
ZiriTadi da damatebiTi valdebulebidan
gamomdinare moTxovnebia wamoyenebuli;
d) wamoyenebuli pretenziis dasabuTebas. gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli mtkicebulebis Sesabamisi dokumentebi damowmebuli saxiT unda iqnes warmodgenili;
e) miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, rom aRZruli
moTxovna ar aris damokidebuli ganmcxadeblis mxriv raime sapasuxo (sanacvlo)
valdebulebis Sesrulebaze, an rom mis mier aseTi valdebulebis Sesruleba ukve
ganxorcielda;
v) ganmcxadeblis an misi warmomadgenlis
xelmoweras.
1. gadaxdis brZaneba sasamarTlos SeuZlia miiRos
mxolod da mxolod ganmcxadeblis TxovniT da es Txovna naTlad da garkveviT unda iyos Camoyalibebuli gancxadebaSi.
_ sasamarTlos ar SeuZlia sasarCelo gancxadebis
saxiT aRZruli moTxovna mopasuxeze fuladi Tanxis
gadaxdis valdebulebis dakisrebis Sesaxeb, gadazardos gamartivebul warmoebaSi da gadawyvetilebis nacvlad gamoitanos gadaxdis brZaneba.
2. am muxlis meore nawili gansazRvravs davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Sinaarss. Tu
gancxadeba ar pasuxobs am moTxovnebs, sasamarTlo ver
miiRebs aseT gancxadebas.
_ garda im saerTo monacemebisa, romlebsac unda
Seicavdes sasamarTlosadmi mimarTuli yovelgvari
gancxadeba, gadaxdis brZanebis miRebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba unda Seicavdes mxolod misTvis damaxasiaTebel sxva monacemebsac.
aseTi monacemebia:
520
1) romel faqtobriv da samarTlebriv safuZvlebs

emyareba ganmcxadeblis ZiriTadi moTxovna davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb, agreTve, Tu wamoyenebulia damatebiTi moTxovnebi ZiriTadTan erTad, maSin gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos romel faqtobriv Tu samarTlebriv safuZvels emyareba es damatebiTi moTxovna. magaliTad, procenti, romelic kanonis an xelSekrulebis ZaliT unda gadaixados movalem
(samoqalaqo kodeqsis 384-e muxli), iqneba damatebiTi
moTxovna.
2) ra mtkicebulebebs emyareba ganmcxadeblis moTxovna, romlebic damowmebuli saxiT aucileblad unda erTvodes gancxadebas gadaxdis brZanebis miRebis Sesaxeb. dasaSvebia mxolod saTanadod gaformebuli werilobiTi dokumentebi.
magaliTad, Tu ZiriTadi valdebuleba emyareba sesxis xelSekrulebas, gancxadebas unda erTvodes es
xelSekruleba, aseve, Tu damatebiTi valdebuleba (magaliTad, procentebis saxiT) emyareba mxareTa Soris
SeTanxmebas, es SeTanxmeba werilobiTi saxiT unda iyos
warmodgenili.
3) miTiTeba imis Sesaxeb, rom moTxovna ar aris damokidebuli ganmcxadeblis mxriv raime sanacvlo valdebulebis Sesrulebaze, an rom mis mier aseTi valdebuleba ukve Sesrulebulia.
magaliTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 406-e muxlis Tanaxmad, Tu ormxriv xelSekrulebaSi movales ufleba
aqvs uari Tqvas misTvis dakisrebul valdebulebaze,
xolo garemoeba, romelic mas aZlevs amis uflebas, gamowveulia kreditoris braliT, maSin igi inarCunebs
sapasuxo Sesrulebis uflebas,45 aqedan gamomdinare,
Tu movale inarCunebs kreditorisagan sapasuxo Sesrulebis miRebis uflebas, am kreditors ar SeuZlia
moiTxovos gadaxdis brZanebis miReba.
45
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni mesame,
Tb., 2001w., gv.446
521

saqmes gamartivebuli wesiT davalianebis
gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb ganixilavs sasamarTlo mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.
_ gadaxdis brZanebis miRebis Sesaxeb gancxadebaze
vrceldeba gansjadobis saerTo wesebi da igi SeiZleba Setanil iqnes sasamarTloSi mxolod mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.
muxli 305. davalianebis

gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis
miRebaze uaris Tqma
1. sasamarTlo Tavisi ganCinebiT uars etyvis ganmcxadebels davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis miRebaze, Tu:
a) igi ar upasuxebs am Tavis 302-303-e
muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebul moTxovnebs;
b) gancxdebaSi Camoyalibebuli moTxovnis safuZveli (303-e muxlis `d~ qvepunqti), ver asabuTebs am moTxovnas.
2. sasamarTlo uflebamosilia am muxlis
pirveli nawilis a qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi ganmcxadebels dauniSnos vada gancxadebaSi an TandarTul
masalebSi arsebuli xarvezis Sesavsebad.
1. davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis
kanonis Sesabamisad Camouyalibeblobas ukavSirdeba
seriozuli uaryofiTi Sedegebi: sasamarTlom ar unda
miiRos aseTi gancxadeba gansaxilvelad, ris Sesaxebac
mas gamoaqvs ganCineba `davalianebis gadaxdevinebis
Sesaxeb gancxadebis (gadaxdis brZanebis) miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb~.
522
a) am ganCinebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos safuZveli,

ris gamoc uari eTqva ganmcxadebels gancxadebis miRebaze, radgan igi ar Seicavs `monacemebs imis Sesaxeb, Tu romeli ZiriTadi da damatebiTi valdebulebidan gamomdinareoben ganmcxadeblis moTxovnebi~
(ssk-is 303-e muxlis me-2 nawilis `g~ qvepunqti).
b) gancxadebaSi moTxovnis faqtobriv safuZvelze
miTiTeba ar kmara. es safuZveli, jer erTi, _ iuridiulad unda amarTlebdes moTxovnas, e. i. kanoni am faqtobriv garemoebebs unda ukavSirebdes im Sedegs, risi dadgomac surs ganmcxadebels da meore, _ gancxadebas Tan unda erTvodes saTanadod gaformebuli dokumenturi mtkicebulebebi.
ganCinebaSi, romliTac uari eTqva ganmcxadebels
gancxadebis miRebaze, zemoT aRniSnuli motiviT, miTiTebuli unda iyos amis Sesaxeb.
2. mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gancxadeba
davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb ar pasuxobs 302303-e muxlebis moTxovnebs, sasamarTlos SeuZlia
dauniSnos ganmcxadebels vada xarvezis Sesavsebad.
ganCinebaSi xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb miTiTebuli
unda iyos konkretulad ra xarvezi aqvs gancxadebas
da misi droulad (daniSnul vadaSi) Seuvseblobis
Sedegebze. Tu xarvezi ar iqneba Sevsebuli daniSnul
vadaSi, sasamarTlo Tavisi ganCinebiT, romelic ar gasaCivrdeba, uars etyvis ganmcxadebels gancxadebis
miRebaze. aseT SemTxvevaSi ganmcxadebels ubrundeba
mis mier Setanili saxelmwifo baJi.
muxli 306. gadaxdis brZaneba

1. gadaxdis brZaneba, garda 303-e muxlis
me-2 nawilis à~-è~ qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli monacemebisa, unda Seicavdes:
a) miTiTebas, rom sasamarTlos ar Seumowmebia, aqvs Tu ara ganmcxadebels aRZruli moTxovnis ufleba;
523
b) miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, rom sasamarTlos mier gadaxdis brZanebis miRebidan 10

dRis ganmavlobaSi gadaixados (dafaros)
vali procentebianad da xarjebianad, Tuki mopasuxe aRZrul pretenzias marTebulad (dasabuTebulad) miiCnevs, anda Semoitanos sasamarTloSi werilobiTi Sesagebeli, Tu mopasuxe mis mimarT aRZrul moTxovnas umarTebulod (dausabuTeblad) miiCnevs.
g) miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, rom gadaxdis
brZanebis iZulebiTi aRsrulebisaTvis gaicema saaRsrulebo furceli, Tu mopasuxe
vadis gasvlamde ar warmoadgens Tavis Sesagebels.
2. gadaxdis brZaneba mopasuxes gadaecema
sasamarTlos iniciativiT.
3. sasamarTlo atyobinebs ganmcxadebels
agreTve gadaxdis brZanebis mopasuxisaTvis
gadacemis Sesaxeb.
1. es muxli gansazRvravs gadaxdis brZanebis Sinaarss, mis savaldebulo rekvizitebs, kerZod:
_ sasamarTlos dasaxelebas, romelmac es brZaneba
miiRo;
_ mxareebisa da maTi warmomadgenlebis dasaxelebas;
_ miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, Tu romeli ZiriTadi da
damatebiTi valdebulebidan wamoyenebuli moTxovnebi daakmayofila sasamarTlom.
_ romel werilobiT masalebs daemyara sasamarTlo
(ix. ssk 303-e muxlis me-2 nawilis komentari).
a) gadaxdis brZanebis miReba warmoebs mopasuxis
Setyobinebis gareSe. amitom, im werilobiTi masalebis
Semowmeba, romlebic Tan erTvis gancxadebas, maTi utyuarobis TvalsazrisiT, SeuZlebelia.
_ am punqtSi gamoyenebul cnebaSi _ `moTxovnis uf524
leba~ _ igulisxmeba moTxovnis dakmayofilebis ufleba, e. i. moTxovnis ufleba materialur-samarTlebrivi

TvalsazrisiT. moTxovnis dakmayofilebis uflebis
Sesaxeb daskvnas ki sasamarTlo akeTebs mxolod ganmcxadeblis mier gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli monacemebiT, magram imis Seumowmeblad, Tu ramdenad asaxavs es
monacemebi sinamdviles.
b) samagierod mopasuxes eZleva sruli SesaZlebloba am punqtiT gansazRvrul vadaSi an cnos ganmcxadeblis moTxovna dasabuTebulad da marTebulad, anda Seitanos sasamarTloSi werilobiTi Sesagebeli, Tu mopasuxe ar cnobs ganmcxadeblis moTxovnas, miiCnevs am
moTxovnas umarTebulod da dausabuTeblad.
mopasuxis am uflebaze (SesaZleblobaze) miTiTebuli unda iyos gadaxdis brZanebaSi.
2. vinaidan mopasuxe SeiZleba saerTod arc ki iyos
informirebuli gadaxdis brZanebis miRebaze, sasamarTlo valdebulia Tavisi iniciativiT gadasces mopasuxes gadaxdis brZaneba.
_ gadaxdis brZaneba unda Cabardes uSualod mopasuxes. magram, Tu mopasuxis adgilsamyofeli ucnobia, maSin gadaxdis brZanebis aRsruleba saerTod
dauSvebelia (78-e da 302-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqti).
3. sasamarTlo aseve Tavisi iniciativiT atyobinebs
ganmcxadebels gadaxdis brZanebis mopasuxisaTvis gadacemis Sesaxeb. aseTi Setyobinebis mniSvneloba mdgomareobs, jer erTi, imaSi, rom Tu mopasuxe cnobs gadaxdis brZanebas, mas SeuZlia moiTxovos misi aRsruleba da, meore _ Tu mopasuxe ar cnobs gadaxdis brZanebas da Semoitans Sesagebels, ganmcxadebels SeuZlia moiTxovos saqmis sasarCelo wesiT ganxilva (308-e
muxli).
muxli 307. mopasuxis Sesagebeli

(protesti)
mopasuxes SeuZlia ar cnos gadaxdis Sesa525
xeb brZaneba mTlianad an nawilobriv da

Seitanos mis winaaRmdeg motivirebuli Sesagebeli (protesti) sasamarTloSi, romelmac
miiRo es brZaneba, gadaxdis brZanebis miRebidan 10 dRis vadaSi. mopasuxes SeuZlia
gaaprotestos gadaxdis Sesaxeb brZaneba
im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac gaprotestebis
vadis gaSveba sapatio mizeziT moxda.
_ gadaxdis brZaneba miiReba mopasuxis gareSe, magram mas unarCundeba sruli SesaZlebloba daicvas Tavisi ufleba, Tu igi am uflebas darRveulad miiCnevs.
kerZod, mas SeuZlia Seitanos Sesagebeli (protesti),
romelic, ise rogorc yoveli sxva Sesagebeli, motivirebuli unda iyos, e. i. masSi miTiTebuli unda iyos, Tu
ratom ar cnobs gadaxdis brZanebas. es imas niSnavs, rom
umotivo (SiSveli) Sesagebeli, rom mopasuxe ar cnobs
gadaxdis brZanebas, ar kmara.
_ Sesageblis Setanis 10 dRiani vadis aTvla unda
daiwyos im dRidan, roca mopasuxes gadaeca gadaxdis
brZaneba. mopasuxisaTvis gadaxdis brZanebis Cabarebis Sesaxeb sruli informacia unda iyos saqmeSi.
_ Tu mopasuxem gauSva Sesageblis Setanis 10 dRiani vada, es vada SeiZleba aRadginos sasamarTlom (65-e
muxli), oRond mopasuxem unda daumtkicos sasamarTlos, rom vadis gaSveba gamowveuli iyo sapatio mizeziT. vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs
ganCineba, romelic ar gasaCivrdeba.
muxli 308. saqmis ganxilva davis

sasarCelo warmoebis wesiT
1. Tu mopasuxe droulad Seitans Tavis
Sesagebels sasamarTloSi, davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb aRZruli moTxovna ganxilul da gadawyvetil unda iqnes sasarCelo warmoebis saerTo wesiT. saqme sasa526
marTlo ganxilvis sagnad iTvleba gadaxdis brZanebis gadacemis momentidan.

2. sasamarTlos SeuZlia saqmis zepiri
ganxilvis daniSvnamde am saqmis momzadebis
mizniT miiRos am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli RonisZiebebi, maT Soris daavalos
mxareebs warmoadginon werilobiTi dokumentebi da ganmartebebi.
_ Sesageblis droulad Setanas SeiZleba moyves gadaxdis brZanebis gauqmeba da saqmis saerTo sasarCelo wesiT ganxilva, ris Sesaxebac sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelSic sxva garemoebebTan erTad miTiTebuli unda iyos, rom `davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb aRZruli moTxovna ganxilul da gadawyvetil iqnes sasarCelo warmoebis saerTo wesiT~.
_ sasarCelo wesiT saqmis ganxilvisaTvis saWiro araa
nacvlad gancxadebisa, gadaxdis brZanebis miRebis Sesaxeb ganmcxadebelma Semoitanos sarCeli. sasamarTlo saerTo sasarCelo wesiT ganixilavs `davalianebis
gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb gancxadebiT aRZrul moTxovnas~.
am muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad saqme sasamarTlo ganxilvis sagnad iTvleba gadaxdis brZanebis gadacemis momentidan, magram am saqmis sasarCelo warmoebis wesiT ganxilvis dawyebis vadis aTvla unda daiwyos im dRidan, roca sasamarTlom miiRo ganCineba am
saqmis saerTo sasarCelo wesiT ganxilvis Sesaxeb.
2. gadaxdis brZanebis miRebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis
gamartivebuli wesiT ganxilva arsebiTad gansxvavdeba saqmis sasarCelo wesiT warmoebisagan, amitom am gancxadebis (moTxovnis) saerTo sasarCelo wesiT ganxilva aucileblad gulisxmobs saqmis winaswar momzadebas dadgenili wesiT (200-209-e muxlebi).
527
muxli 309. gadaxdis brZanebis

aRsruleba
Tu mopasuxe droulad ar Seitans sasamarTloSi Sesagebels (protests) gadaxdis
Sesaxeb miRebuli brZanebis winaaRmdeg,
sasamarTlo ganmcxadeblis Suamdgomlobis
safuZvelze gascems saaRsrulebo furcels,
ris Sesaxebac atyobinebs mopasuxes.
mopasuxes SeuZlia gadaxdis brZanebis miRebidan 10
dRis ganmavlobaSi Seitanos gadaxdis brZanebis
winaaRmdeg motivirebuli Sesagebeli (protesti) (307e muxli). Tu Sesagebeli am vadaSi ar iqneba Setanili
sasamarTlos SeuZlia gasces saaRsrulebo furceli.
mxedvelobaSia misaRebi is garemoebac, rom gadaxdis brZanebis gaprotesteba SesaZlebelia im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac gaprotestebis vada mopasuxem gauSva sapatio mizeziT, rac man sarwmunod unda daadasturos (307-e muxli). aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos
SeuZlia droebiT SeaCeros gadaxdis brZanebis aRsruleba.
amasTan dakavSirebiT, did mniSvnelobas iZens 309e muxlis danawesi imis Sesaxeb, rom saaRsrulebo furclis gacema sasamarTlom Tavisi iniciativiT unda
Seatyobinos mopasuxes.
528
T a v i
XXXIVI

lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze saqmis
ganxilvis gamartivebuli wesi
winaswari SeniSvna: am Tavis damateba, romelic ganxorcielda 2002 wlis 7 maisis kanoniT46 da romelic
exeba mxolod lizingis sagnis dabrunebas gamartivebuli wesiT, garkveuli TvalsazrisiT moulodneli
iyo. saqme isaa, rom, jer erTi, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis Tanaxmad, gamartivebuli wesiT da sasamarTlos brZanebis miRebis gziT SeiZleboda ganxiluliyo mxolod moTxovnebi garkveuli fuladi Tanxis davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb;
meore, Tu raime aucileblobiT iyo gamowveuli lizingis sagnis gamartivebuli wesiT da sasamarTlos
brZanebiT dabruneba, maSin es SeiZleboda momxdariyo Sesabamisi cvlilebebisa da damatebebis SetaniT
ssk XXXIV TavSi, romelic SeiZleboda gafarTovebuliyo ise, rom SesaZlebeli yofiliyo gamartivebuli wesiT ara mxolod fuladi moTxovnebis, aramed moZravi
nivTebis (da ara mxolod lizingis sagnis) dabrunebis
Sesaxeb moTxovnebis ganxilva.
gvrCeba imedi, rom momavalSi praqtikis ganzogadebis safuZvelze kvlav ganxorcieldeba aRniSnuli muxlebis sakanonmdeblo wesiT dazusteba _ dakonkreteba im principebis sruli gaTvaliswinebiT, romlebzec
agebulia saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi.
muxli 309 1. dasaSveboba

am TaviT dadgenili gamartivebuli wesiT SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes moTxovnebi
lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze.
46
saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo macne I. 2002, #13, muxli 50.
529
_ es muxli gansazRvravs gancxadebis dasaSvebobis

mxolod erT pirobas _ am gancxadebis moTxovnis sagani unda iyos lizingis sagani, romelic imyofeba lizingis mimRebTan. gancxadebis dasaSvebobis (miRebis)
sxva pirobebi Camoyalibebulia momdevno muxlebSi.
muxli 309 2. gancxadeba lizingis

sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi
1. gancxadeba lizingis sagnis gamcemis
mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze, romelic warmoadgens saqmis
gamartivebuli wesiT ganxilvis safuZvels,
miznad unda isaxavdes sasamarTlos mier
lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb brZanebis
miRebas.
2. gancxadebaSi lizingis sagnis gamcemis
mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze, romelsac Tan unda axldes
saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdis damadasturebeli qviTari, aRniSnuli unda iyos Semdegi monacemebi:
a) sasamarTlos dasaxeleba;
b) mxareebi da maTi warmomadgenlebis
dasaxelebebi;
g) ganmcxadeblis moTxovna;
d) valdebuleba, romlis safuZvelzec wayenebulia moTxovna;
e) wayenebuli moTxovnis damadasturebeli mtkicebuleba.
3. mosamarTle gancxadebas lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze ganixilavs sasamarTloSi misi Setanidan 3 dReSi.
530
1. gancxadeba lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb

mxolod im SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes gamartivebuli wesiT, anu XXXIV1 TaviT dadgenili wesiT, Tu
ganmcxadebeli moiTxovs, rom lizingis sagani mas daubrunos sasamarTlom mis mier miRebuli brZanebis safuZvelze.
2. am muxlis meore nawili gansazRvravs gancxadebis Sinaarss, romelic garda yvela sxva gancxadebis
rekvizitebisa, unda Seicavdes: a) im sagnis dasaxelebas (aRweras), romelic imyofeba lizingis mimRebis
mflobelobaSi da romlis dabrunebasac ganmcxadebeli moiTxovs; b) miTiTebas, Tu romeli valdebulebiT
(xelSekrulebiT) gadaeca lizingis mimRebs sagani,
romlis dabrunebasac lizingis gamcemi moiTxovs; g)
miTiTebuli unda iyos agreTve mtkicebulebebze, romlebic adastureben ganmcxadeblis moTxovnas. cxadia,
rom am mtkicebulebebs Soris gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba lizingis xelSekrulebas, romelic samoqalaqo kodeqsis 577-e muxlis, Tanaxmad werilobiTi formiT ideba.
marTalia, am muxlis meore nawilis Tanaxmad gancxadebaSi àRniSnuli unda iyos~ wayenebuli moTxovnis damadasturebeli mtkicebulebebi, radgan praqtikulad SeuZlebelia am mtkicebulebebis warmodgenis
gareSe sadavo sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb brZanebis miReba. amitom, es mtkicebulebebi, sinamdvileSi, unda
erTvodes gancxadebas, miT umetes, rom brZanebis miRebis sakiTxi sasamarTlom unda gadawyvitos umokles
vadaSi (3095-e muxli).
3. am muxlis mesame nawili gansazRvravs gancxadebis ganxilvis vadas. es vada aris 3 dRe da misi aTvla
iwyeba ara gancxadebis Semotanis dRidan, aramed misi
warmoebaSi miRebis dRidan (3094-e muxli).
muxli 309 3. gansjadoba

gancxadeba lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflo531
belobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze sasamarTloSi Seitaneba saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT.
_ ssk me-16 muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, xelSekrulebidan gamomdinare sarCelebi sasamarTlos waredgineba xelSekrulebis Sesrulebis adgilis an im
adgilis mixedviT, sadac xelSekruleba unda Sesrulebuliyo.
_ xelSekrulebis an am xelSekrulebidan gamomdinare valdebulebis Sesrulebis adgilad iTvleba is
adgili, romelic am xelSekrulebiTaa gaTvaliswinebuli. magram, Tu Sesrulebis adgili ar aris gansazRvruli, maSin unda vixelmZRvaneloT valdebulebiTi
urTierTobis arsiT (ix. ssk-is me-16 muxlis me-2 nawilis komentari).
muxli 309 4. lizingis sagnis gamcemis

mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis
dabrunebis Taobaze gancxadebis
umoZraod datoveba
1. Tu mosamarTle gamoarkvevs, rom gancxadeba lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze ar akmayofilebs 3092 muxlis moTxovnebs, igi gamoitans ganCinebas arsebuli
xarvezis Sesaxeb da ganmcxadebels miscems
vadas mis Sesavsebad. Tu ganmcxadebeli gansazRvrul vadaSi Seavsebs ganCinebaSi miTiTebul xarvezs, mosamarTle gamoitans
ganCinebas gancxadebis warmoebaSi miRebis
Sesaxeb. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi mosamarTle gancxadebas umoZraod datovebs da ganmcxadebels daubrunebs.
2. sasamarTlos ganCinebaze lizingis sagnis
532
gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze gancxadebis umoZraod datovebisa da misi ganmcxadeblisaTvis dabrunebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba kerZo saCivris
Setana.
_ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba ar pasuxobs wayenebul moTxovnebs, sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos ganCineba xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb, xolo Tu am ganCinebiT daniSnul vadaSi xarvezi ar iqneba Sevsebuli, sasamarTlo
gamoitans ganCinebas am gancxadebis umoZraod datovebis Sesaxeb. am ganCinebebis miReba da gasaCivreba
warmoebs ssk 185-e muxliT sarCelebis umoZraod datovebisaTvis dadgenili wesebis msgavsad. amitom,
185-e muxlis komentari mTlianad vrceldeba am muxlzec.

dabrunebis Taobaze gancxadebis
miRebaze uaris Tqma
1. Tu gancxadebaSi lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze 3092 muxlis me-2 nawilis
è~ qvepunqtis Sesabamisad aRniSnuli moTxovnis damadasturebeli mtkicebuleba ver
asabuTebs wayenebul moTxovnas, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze gancxadebis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.
2. sasamarTlos ganCinebaze lizingis sagnis
gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze gancxadebis miRebaze ua-
533
ris Tqmis Sesaxeb SeiZleba kerZo saCivris

Setana.
1. sasamarTlos gamoaqvs mxolod erTi saxis brZaneba lizingis sagnis ganmcxadeblisaTvis dabrunebis Sesaxeb. magram Tu gancxadebaze TandarTuli mtkicebulebebi ver asabuTeben moTxovnas, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba gancxadebis miRebaze uaris Tqmis
Sesaxeb.
2. am ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana ssk
414-e-420-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.

dabrunebis Sesaxeb brZaneba
lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb brZanebaSi aRniSnuli unda iyos, rom brZaneba
eqvemdebareba dauyovnebliv aRsrulebas da
misi gasaCivrebis wesi da vada.
_ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gancxadebis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos rwmeniT mtkicebulebebi, romlebic
Tan erTvis gancxadebas, adastureben moTxovnas, mas
gamoaqvs brZaneba lizingis sagnis ganmcxadeblisaTvis dabrunebis Sesaxeb. es brZaneba, am muxlis danawesis mixedviT, eqvemdebareba dauyovnebliv aRsrulebas, Tumca dasaSvebia misi gasaCivreba.

dabrunebis Sesaxeb brZanebis
gasaCivreba
sasamarTlos brZanebaze lizingis sagnis
gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dab534
runebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba kerZo saCivris

Setana. amasTan, es ver SeaCerebs brZanebis
aRsrulebas.
_ kerZo saCivris Setana ver SeaCerebs brZanebis aRsrulebas, ise rogorc saapelacio saCivris Setana ver
SeaCerebs dauyonebliv aRsrulebaze wardgenili gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebas (375-e muxlis me-2 nawili).
magram saCivris ganmxilvel sasamarTlos SeuZlia, Tu
es saWirod miaCnia, droebiT SeaCeros brZanebis aRsruleba (418-e muxlis me-2 nawili).
_ lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo
brZanebaze Setanili kerZo saCivari ganixileba 414-e420-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.
535
kari meeqvse
udavo warmoeba
T a v i
XXXV
zogadi debulebani
muxli 310. sasamarTlos mier udavo
warmoebis wesiT gansaxilveli
saqmeebi
udavo warmoebis wesiT sasamarTlo ganixilavs saqmeebs:
a) iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqtebis dadgenis Sesaxeb;
b) moqalaqis ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad
aRiarebisa da moqalaqis gardacvlilad gamocxadebis Sesaxeb;
g) moqalaqis qmeduunarod da SezRudul
qmedunarianad aRiarebis Sesaxeb;
d) dakargul sawarmdgenlo fasian qaRaldsa da saordero fasian qaRaldze uflebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb (gamowveviTi warmoeba);
e) qonebis upatronod cnobis Sesaxeb;
v) amoRebulia
z) Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb.
_ arc ise iSviaTia SemTxveva, rodesac pirs aqvs esa
Tu is ufleba, magram ver axorcielebs am uflebas,
radgan faqti, romlis safuZvelzec es ufleba warmoiSoba, ar aris naTlad da garkveviT warmodgenili da
saWiroebs dadgena-dadasturebas.
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac aseTi faqtis dadgena, garkveuli obieqturi Tu subieqturi pirobebis gamo, ver
536
xerxdeba sxva gziT, pirs SeuZlia mimarTos sasamarTlos udavo warmoebis wesiT faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb
(ssk-is 313-315-e muxlebi).
udavo warmoebis wesiT SeiZleba dadgindes faqtis
arseboba an ararseboba, magram ara am faqtis samarTlebrivi Sedegi, e. i. Tu ra Sedegs ukavSirebs udavo
warmoebis wesiT dadgenil faqts kanoni.
_ es muxli Seicavs im kategoriis saqmeTa amomwurav
CamonaTvals, romlebic SeiZleba ganxilul da gadawyvetil iqnes udavo warmoebis wesiT.
_ udavo warmoeba aris erTmxariani (erTpiriani) warmoeba, radgan erTi mxare _ ganmcxadebeli, moiTxovs
mxolod faqtis dadgenas, raime garemoebis aRiarebas
an registracias da ar ayenebs meore mxaris, an nebismieri sxva piris mimarT raime moTxovnas.
muxli 311. udavo warmoebis wesiT

saqmeTa ganxilva
1. udavo warmoebis wesiT saqmeebs sasamarTlo ganixilavs am kodeqsiT dadgenili
wesebiT, im cvlilebebisa da damatebebis
gaTvaliswinebiT, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia XXXV-XLI I TavebiT. udavo warmoebis wesiT saqmis ganxilvisas sasamarTlo
iwvevs am saqmis ganxilviT dainteresebul
pirebs.
2. Tu udavo warmoebis wesiT saqmis ganxilvisas aRiZvris dava iseTi uflebebis
Sesaxeb, romlebic sasamarTlos uwyebrivad eqvemdebareba, sasamarTlo gancxadebas
ganuxilvelad datovebs da dainteresebul
pirebs ganumartavs, rom maT ufleba aqvT
warmoadginon sarCeli saerTo safuZvelze.
1. udavo warmoebis wesiT saqmeTa ganxilvis dros
aris mxolod ganmcxadebeli da ar arian mxareebi, ker537
Zod, mosarCele, mopasuxe, mesame pirebi, Tanamonawileebi. amitom, am pirebis procesSi monawileobiT ganpirobebuli saqmeTa ganxilvis wesebi ar aris saWiro
da arc gamoiyeneba udavo warmoebis dros, sxva mxriv,
udavo warmoebis saqmeebi ganixileba ssk-iT dadgenili wesebis dacviT, garda im gamonaklisebisa, rac am
kodeqsis meeqvse kariTaa dadgenili.
- rogorc savsebiT sworad miuTiTa saqarTvelos
uzenaesi sasamarTlos didma palatam udavo warmoebis wesiT saqmeTa ganxilvisas sasamarTlom unda acnobos savaraudod dainteresebul yvela pirs, raTa SesaZlebloba mieceT maT monawileoba miiRon saqmis ganxilvaSi da droulad ganaxorcielon 311-e muxlis meore nawiliT miniWebuli ufleba - moiTxovon saqmis
saerTo sasarCelo wesiT ganxilva.
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb dainteresebulma p irebma gaiges sasamarTlos mier gadawyvetilebis gamotanis Semdeg, maT
ufleba aqvT gaasaCivron es gadawyvetileba saapelacio wesiT, moiTxovon misi gauqmeba da saqmis saerTo
sasarCelo wesiT ganxilva, xolo im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac es gadawyvetileba Sesulia kanonier ZalaSi, dainteresebul pirebs SeuZliaT mimarTon am gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTlos misi baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb47.
2. Tu saqmis udavo warmoebis dros aRiZvreba dava,
sasamarTlo ukve veRar ganixilvs am saqmes udavo warmoebis w esiT. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos gamoaqvs
ganCineba gancxadebis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb, romelSic miTiTebuli unda iyos, rom dainterese-
47
ix. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos didi palatis 2002 wlis 4
noembris ganCineba, agreTve, saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos
samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2002 wlis
13 ivnisis ganCineba. es ganCineba da maTi komentari ix.
T.liluaSvili, v.xrustali.saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos praqtika udavo warmoebis wesiT iuridiuli faqtebis
dadgenis Sesaxeb Tb. 2003.
538
bul pirebs SeuZliaT aRZran sarCeli saerTo wesis

dacviT.
sarCelis aRZvris SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo amowmebs
misi miRebis yvela pirobas (177-e-186-e muxlebi). mxedvelobaSia misaRebi rom udavo warmoebis wesiT gancxadebis gansjadoba SeiZleba ar daemTxves uflebis
dacvis Sesaxeb aRZruli sarCelis gansjadobas, magram es arafers ar cvlis: sarCeli unda aRiZras
gansjadobis wesebis dacviT.
539
T a v i
XXXVI

dadgena
muxli 312. sasamarTlos mier
gansaxilveli saqmeebi iuridiuli
mniSvnelobis mqone faqtebis
dadgenis Sesaxeb
1. sasamarTlo adgens faqtebs, romlebzedac damokidebulia moqalaqeTa da organizaciaTa piradi an qonebrivi uflebebis warmoSoba, Secvla an mospoba, Tu SeuZlebelia maTi dadgena Sesabamisi administraciuli organos mier.
2. sasamarTlo ganixilavs saqmeebs:
a) pirTa naTesauri kavSiris dadgenis Sesaxeb;
b) piris kmayofaze yofnis faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb;
g) dabadebis, Svilad ayvanis, qorwinebis,
ganqorwinebisa da gardacvalebis registraciis faqtebis dadgenis Sesaxeb;
d) uflebis damdgeni sabuTis im pirisadmi kuTvnilebis faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb,
romlis saxeli, mamis saxeli an gvari, rac
sabuTebSia aRniSnuli, ar emTxveva mis pasportSi an dabadebis mowmobaSi aRniSnul
saxels, mamis saxels an gvars;
e) amoRebulia
v) amoRebulia
z) piris garkveul drosa da garkveul
viTarebaSi gardacvalebis faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb, Tu saqarTvelos iusticiis
saministros mmarTvelobis sferoSi Semavali sajaro samarTlis iuridiulma pirma 540
samoqalaqo reestris saagentom uari ganacxada dabadebis an gardacvalebis faqtis registraciaze;

T) memkvidreobis miRebis faqtisa da memkvidreobis gaxsnis adgilis dadgenis Sesaxeb;
i) amoRebulia
1. iuridiuli faqtebi, es iseTi faqtebia, romlebsac kanoni ukavSirebs garkveul iuridiul Sedegs. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu faqts, romlis dadgenac surs ganmcxadebels, ar ukavSirdeba raime iuridiuli Sedegi,
sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos gancxadeba gansaxilvelad.
_ faqts SeiZleba ukavSirdebodes raime iuridiuli Sedegi da amitom aseTi faqti iuridiuli faqtia,
magram imisaTvis, rom sasamarTlom miiRos gancxadeba
am faqtis dadgenis mizniT, es araa sakmarisi. amisaTvis saWiroa, rom dasadgen faqts ukavSirdebodes swored is Sedegi, romlis dadgomac surs ganmcxadebels. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos gancxadeba gansaxilvelad (ssk-is 315-e muxli).
imisaTvis, rom sasamarTlom miiRos gancxadeba gansaxilvelad mas unda erTvodes agreTve Sesabamisi
administraciuli organos cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom am
faqtis dadgena SeuZlebelia ama Tu im mizezis gamo
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili Seicavs im iuridiuli faqtebis CamonaTvals, romlebic SeuZlia daadginos sasamarTlom udavo warmoebis wesiT. es faqtebia:
a) pirTa naTesauri kavSiri. naTesaur kavSirs, magaliTad, Svilobis, SviliSvilobis, mSoblobis da a.S.
faqts aqvs iuridiuli mniSvneloba, radgan ukavSirdeba iuridiuli Sedegi, kerZod, memkvidreoba, rCenis movaleoba da sxva. ganmcxadebelma unda miuTiTos
gancxadebaSi iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb, Tu
ra miznisaTvis sWirdeba mas am faqtis dadgena. Tu aR541
moCndeba, rom ganmcxadebels unda naTesauri kavSiris dadgena iseTi miznisaTvis, romlisTvisac am faqts
ara aqvs raime mniSvneloba (magaliTad, binebis gadacvlisaTvis, Tanamdebobis dakavebisaTvis, samecniero
xarisxis miniWebisaTvis da a. S.), maSin sasamarTlom ar
unda miiRos gancxadeba gansaxilvelad (ssk-is 315-e
muxli).
b) kmayofaze yofnis faqti mxolod im SemTxvevaSi
SeiZleba daadginos sasamarTlom, rodesac am faqts
kanoni ukavSirebs ganmcxadeblisaTvis sasurvel Sedegs. magaliTad, dazaralebulis gardacvalebis SemTxvevaSi zianis mimyenebelma sarCos dawesebiT unda
aunazRauros ziani im pirs, romlis rCenac dazaralebuls evaleboda (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1006-e muxli).
g) sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadginos mxolod da mxolod dabadebis, Svilad ayvanis, qorwinebis, ganqorwinebis da gardacvalebis registraciis faqti, e. i. faqti imis Sesaxeb, rom dabadeba iyo registrirebuli, Svilad ayvana iyo registrirebuli, qorwineba iyo registrirebuli da a. S. magram arqivi (Canawerebi registraciis Sesaxeb) ganadgurda omianobis, xanZrisa Tu raime
stiqiuri ubedurebis gamo.
gancxadeba am faqtebis dadasturebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos SeuZlia miiRos gansaxilvelad mxolod im
SemTxvevaSi, Tu mas erTvis saxelmwifo reestris mwarmoebeli organodan (sarmo) cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom maT
ar SeuZliaT gascen Sesabamisi dokumentis dublikati
arqivis ganadgurebis gamo.
d) pirebi farTod sargebloben ama Tu im dokumentiT, rogoricaa magaliTad, Sromis wignaki, cnoba muSaobis Sesaxeb, ganaTlebis Tu samecniero xarisxis damadasturebeli dokumenti da a. S. romlebsac aqvT iuridiuli mniSvneloba. zogjer am dokumentebSi miTiTebuli saxeli, mamis saxeli, gvari, ar emTxveva pasportSi an dabadebis mowmobaSi aRniSnul saxels, mamis saxels an gvars.
amis mizezi SeiZleba mravali iyos, romelTa Soris
542
yvelaze gavrcelebulia saxelis SemoklebiT aRniSvna (magaliTad, goga giorgis nacvlad, leqso aleqsandres nacvlad da a. S.). zogjer moqalaqeebi icvlian
TavianT gvars, magram ar cvlian dokuments da a.S.
arasworia praqtika, rodesac sasamarTloebi TavianTi gadawyvetilebebiT adgenen ara dokumentis pirisadmi kuTvnilebis faqts, rogorc es miTiTebulia
am punqtSi, aramed im pirTa igiveobis faqts, romlebic sxvadasxvanairad arian moxseniebuli gadawyvetilebaSi. magaliTad, sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaSi aRniSnulia: `Sromis wignakSi miTiTebuli gogi niJaraZe
da pasportSi miTiTebuli giorgi niJaraZe _ erTi da
igive piria~, an kidev `n. b. qarazanaSvili da n. b. qarzanaSvili _ erTi da igive piria~. kanonis Sesabamisi iqneba aseTi formulireba gadawyvetilebaSi: `Sromis wignaki gacemuli 2000 wlis 15 ianvars gogi niJaraZis saxelze, ekuTvnis giorgi niJaraZes~, an kidev `Tsu-s mier a. n. Sengelias saxelze 1955 wels gacemuli #5 diplomi, ekuTvnis a. n. Sengelaias~.
z) gancxadebas piris garkveul drosa da garkveul
viTarebaSi dabadebis an gardacvalebis faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb, Tan unda erTvodes samoqalaqo reestris saagentos cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom igi uars ambobs am faqtis registraciaze, agreTve mtkicebulebebi, romlebic utyuarad adastureben piris garkveul drosa da garkveul viTarebaSi gardacvalebis
faqts.
T) damkvidrebuli praqtikis Tanaxmad, memkvidreobis miRebis faqtisa da memkvidreobis gaxsnis adgilis dadgenis Sesaxeb SeiZleba ganixilos sasamarTlom
udavo warmoebis wesiT, Tu sanotaro organom uari uTxra ganmcxadebels memkvidreobis miRebis uflebis
mowmobis gacemaze im motiviT, rom ganmcxadebels ar
gaaCnia Sesabamisi dokumentebi, romlebic adastureben samkvidro qonebis faqtobriv mflobelobaSi miRebis faqts, rogoricaa, magaliTad, sxvadasxva xasiaTisa da Sinaarsis qviTrebi, sabinao komunaluri mom543
saxurebisaTvis gaweuli xarjebis qviTrebi, mezoblebis werilobiTi axsna-ganmartebebi da a. S. Tu aseTi dokumentebi warudgina ganmcxadebelma notariuss, magram man isini arasakmarisad CaTvala, maSin ganmcxadebels SeuZlia mimarTos sasamarTlos gancxadebiT sanotaro moqmedebis Sesrulebaze uaris Tqmis gamo.
iuridiuli faqtebis am muxlSi mocemuli
CamonaTvali amomwuravia rac imas niSnavs, rom sxva
faqtebs sasamarTlo ver daadgens udavo warmoebis wesiT.
muxli 313. iuridiuli mniSvnelobis

mqone faqtebis dadgenisaTvis
aucilebeli pirobebi
1. sasamarTlo iuridiuli mniSvnelobis
mqone faqtebs adgens mxolod am faqtebis
damadasturebeli sabuTebis sxva wesiT miRebis an dakarguli sabuTebis aRdgenis
SeuZleblobis SemTxvevaSi.
2. iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqtebis damadasturebeli sabuTebis miRebis an
dakarguli sabuTebis aRdgenis SeuZlebloba
unda dasturdebodes Sesabamisi administraciuli organos mier ganxorcielebuli
administraciuli warmoebis Sedegad miRebuli (gamocemuli) administraciuli aqtiT.
1. iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb gancxadebis
miReba gansaxilvelad dasaSvebia mxolod im pirobiT, Tu
sxva gziT am faqtis dadgena namdvilad SeuZlebelia imis
gamo, rom Sesabamisi Canawerebi ganadgurda, xolo maTi
aRdgena SeuZlebelia. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu arsebobis faqtis damadasturebeli sabuTis sxva wesiT miRebis an dakarguli sabuTis aRdgenis SesaZlebloba, sasamarTlom ar unda daadginos faqti, ar unda miiRos
gancxadeba faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb warmoebaSi.
544
2. am muxlis me-2 nawilisa da 315-e muxlis analizi

safuZvels iZleva daskvnisaTvis, rom damtkicebis
tvirTi ekisreba ganmcxadebels. es imas niSnavs, rom
ganmcxadebelma unda warudginos sasamarTlos mtkicebulebebi (315-e muxli), romlebic Tan unda erTovdes
gancxadebas faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb. am mtkicebulebebs afasebs sasamarTlo Tavisi Sinagani rwmeniT. Tu
aseTi Sefasebis Sedegad sasamarTlo miva im daskvnamde, rom faqtis sxva wesiT dadgena marTlac SeuZlebelia, igi miiRebs da ganixilavs gancxadebas, winaaRmdeg
SemTxvevaSi uars etyvis ganmcxadebels gancxadebis
miRebaze, xolo Tu es gancxadeba SecdomiT iqna miRebuli warmoebaSi - datovebs mas ganuxilvelad.
gansakuTrebul praqtikul mniSvnelobas iZens am
muxlis me-2 nawilis danawesi mtkicebulebaTa dasaSvebobis Sesaxeb, romlis Tanaxmad iuridiuli faqtis
damadasturebeli sabuTis miRebis an dakarguli sabuTis aRdgenis SeuZlebloba SeiZleba dadasturdes
mxolod Sesabamisi administraciuli organos administraciuli aqtiT.
magaliTad, saxelmwifo reestris mwarmoebeli organos - samoqalaqo reestris saagentos cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom qorwinebis registracia, romelic ganmcxadeblis gancxadebiT ganxorcielebula 1990 wels, ver iqneba dadasturebuli, radgan xanZris Sedegad, romelic
am registraciis Semdeg (1993 w.) moxda ganadgurda yvela Canaweri. amitom, sarmo-s, bunebrivia, ar SeuZlia daadasturos qorwinebis registraciis faqti.
amrigad, iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis SeuZlebloba rac am faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb gancxadebis warmoebaSi miRebis erT-erTi winapirobaa, SeiZleba dadasturdes ara yoveli saxis mtkicebulebiT, romelsac icnobs ssk-si (127-176-e muxlebi), aramed mxolod
werilobiTi mtkicebulebebiT da isic mxolod saTanado administraciuli organos administraciuli
aqtiT.
amasTan dakavSirebiT praqtikul mniSvnelobas
545
iZens Tu ra SeiZleba CaiTvalos administraciul

aqtad da administraciul warmoebad, romlis Sedegad unda iqnes gamocemuli es administraciuli aqti
da aris Tu ara misi mimRebi organo administraciuli organo.
cxadia, rom rodesac gancxadebas iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb Tan erTvis administraciuli
faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb administraciuli aqti, sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos da Seafasos samive es elementi.
administraciuli aqtis definicia mocemulia zogadi administraciuli kodeqsis me-2 muxlis d qvepunqtSi, romlis Tanaxmad administraciuli aqti
aris administraciuli organos mier administraciuli kanonmdeblobis safuZvelze gamocemuli individualuri samarTlebrivi aqti, romelic awesebs
cvlis, wyvets an adasturebs piris an pirTa
SezRuduli wris uflebebsa da movaleobebs.
administraciuli aqti miRebuli unda iqnes administraciuli organos mier ganxorcielebuli administraciuli warmoebis Sedegad. zogadi administraciuli kodeqsis me-2 muxlis k qvepunqtis Tanaxmad
administraciuli warmoeba aris administraciuli organos saqmianoba administraciul samarTlebrivi aqtis momzadebis, gamocemisa da aRsrulebis mizniT.
administraciuli organos legaluri ganmarteba
mocemulia zogad administraciuli kodeqsis me-2 muxlSi. am muxlis a qvepunqtis Tanaxmad administraciuli organo aris yvela saxelmwifo an adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis da mmarTvelobis organo an dawesebuleba, sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri, agreTve nebismieri
sxva piri, romelic kanonmdeblobis safuZvelze asrulebs sajaro samarTlebriv uflebamosilebas.
amrigad, iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb gancxadebaze TandarTuli administraciuli aqtis Semowmeba da Sefaseba sasamarTlos mxriv ar aris martivi
saqme. sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos aris Tu ara am aq546
tis gamcemi organo administraciuli organo, miRebulia Tu ara es aqti administraciuli warmoebis Sedegad da pasuxobs Tu ara igi kanonis moTxovnebs anu SeiZleba Tu ara CaiTvalos igi administraciul aqtad.
sasamarTloebma yovelTvis unda iqonion mxedvelobaSi, rom udavo warmoebis wesiT sasamarTloebs SeuZliaT daadginon dabadebis, qorwinebis, ganqorwinebis, gardacvalebis da a.S. registraciis faqti. magram,
Tu registracia ar momxdara da, maSasadame, arc raime
Canawerebia amis Sesaxeb, maSin cxadia, rom sasamarTlo
ver daadgens registraciis faqts, e.i. faqts, romelsac ar hqonia adgili. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu saTanado
administraciuli organo, mis mier ganxorcielebuli
administraciuli warmoebis Sedegad miRebuli administraciuli aqtiT adasturebs, rom Svilad ayvanis,
qorwinebis, ganqorwinebis da a.S. registracia ar ganxorcielebula, sasamarTlom uari unda uTxras ganmcxadebels udavo warmoebis wesiT gancxadebis miRebaze da ganxilvaze: sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadginos, rom
adgili hqonda registraciis faqts, magram mas ar SeuZlia TviTon moaxdinos registracia.
bolos, ar aris gamoricxuli, rom administraciulma organom SeiZleba uari uTxras ganmcxadeblis Sesabamisi administraciuli aqtis gamocemaze, SeuZlia Tu
ara sasamarTlos ganmcxadeblis SuamdgomlobiT TviTon gamoiTxovs aseTi aqti?
Tu vixelmZRvanelebT ssk 103-e muxlis me-2 nawilis danawesiT Tu mxareebma ama Tu im mizeziT ver SeZles mtkicebulebis uSualod miReba da sasamarTloSi wardgena, mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT sasamarTlos
SeuZlia TviTon gamoiTxovos mtkicebulebebi.
muxli 3131. administraciuli

organos pasuxismgebloba
Tu sasamarTlo saqmis ganxilvisas daadgens, rom administraciulma organom daus547
abuTeblad uTxra ganmcxadebels uari iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqtebis dadgenaze an/da Tavi Seikava maTi dadgenisagan, sasamarTlo Sesabamisi reagirebisaTvis
wardginebas ugzavnis am administraciuli
organos xelmZRvanels, romelic valdebulia miRebuli vadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb erTi
Tvis vadaSi acnobos sasamarTlos.
sasamarTlo praqtikis analizi, rogorc Cans, miuTiTebs imaze, rom arc ise iSviaTad Sesabamisi organoebi aramarto srulad dausabuTeblad eubnebian
uars moqalaqeebs iuridiuli faqtis dadgenaze,
aramed piriqiT, ubiZgeben maT mimarT sasamarTlos.
aseTi araswori praqtikis aRmofxvris mizniT es muxli iTvaliswinebs sasamarTlos movaleobas wardginebiT mimarTos administraciuli organos xelmZRvanels Sesabamisi r eagirebisaTvis, Tavis mxriv, es xelmZRvaneli valdebulia wardginebis miRebidan erTi
Tvis vadaSi acnobos sasamarTlos miRebuli gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb.
muxli 314. gancxadebis Setana

gancxadeba iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone
faqtebis dadgenis Sesaxeb sasamarTloSi
Seitaneba mxolod am kodeqsis 312-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul
SemTxvevebSi ganmcxadeblis sacxovrebeli
adgilis mixedviT.
_ iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb gancxadebis
gansjadoba ganisazRvreba ganmcxadeblis sacxovrebeli adgiliT, romelmac aseTi gancxadeba unda Seitanos
sasamarTloSi Tavisi sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.
am muxlSi miTiTebuli 312-e muxlis pirveli nawili
dakonkretebulia amave muxlis me-2 nawilSi, romelic
548
amomwuravad gansazRvravs im faqtebis wres, romlebic

SeiZleba dadgindes udavo warmoebis wesiT.
-iuridiuli faqtis Sesaxeb gancxadebaSia miTiTebuli unda iyos agreTve mtkicebulebebze, romlebic
adastureben saTanado sabuTis aRebis an dakarguli
sabuTis aRdgenis SeuZleblobas. amasTan erTad, es
mtkicebulebebi warmodgenili unda iyos sasamarTloSi gancxadebasTan erTad (ssk-is 313-e muxli).
_ Tu gancxadeba iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb ar pasuxobs am muxlis moTxovnebs, kerZod:
1) masSi araa miTiTebuli mizanze, risTvisac sWirdeba ganmcxadebels iuridiuli faqtis dadgena;
b) masSi araa miTiTebuli mtkicebulebebze, romlebic adastureben faqtis damadasturebeli sabuTis
sxva wesiT miRebis an dakarguli sabuTis aRdgenis SeuZleblobas;
g) gancxadebas ar erTvis (araa warmodgenili gancxadebasTan erTad) es mtkicebulebebi, kerZod saTanado administraciuli organos administraciuli aqti
_ maSin sasamarTlom unda misces vada ganmcxadebels
xarvezis Sesavsebad. Tu am vadaSi xarvezi ar iqneba Sevsebuli, sasamarTlo gancxadebas umoZraod datovebs
(ssk-is 185-e muxli).
Tu gancxadebis xarvezi gamovlinda misi warmoebaSi miRebis Semdeg, sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas am
gancxadebis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb ssk-is
311-e muxlis me-2 nawilis analogiiT (ix. am muxlis komentari).
muxli 315. gancxadebis Sinaarsi

gancxadebaSi unda aRiniSnos, ra mizniT
sWirdeba ganmcxadebels iuridiuli mniSvnelobis faqtebis dadgena. gancxadebasTan
erTad warmodgenili unda iyos mtkicebulebebi, romlebic adasturebs ganmcxadeblis mier saTanado sabuTebis miRebis
549
an dakarguli sabuTebis aRdgenis SeuZleblobas am kodeqsis 313-e muxlis me-2

nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnis
dacviT.
_ gancxadeba iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb,
garda im monacemebisa, romlebsac unda Seicavdes sasamarTlosadmi mimarTuli nebismieri sxva gancxadeba,
unda Seicavdes im mizanze naTlad da gasagebad miTiTebas, risTvisac sWirdeba ganmcxadebels iuridiuli
faqtis dadgena. es kanonis umniSvnelovanesi danawesia, rac imas niSnavs, rom faqti SeiZleba marTlac iyos
iuridiuli im TvalsazrisiT, rom mas kanoni ukavSirebs
garkveul iuridiul Sedegs, magram ra miznisTvisac
ganmcxadebeli moiTxovs faqtis dadgenas, am faqts
aranairi mniSvneloba ara aqvs, anu faqts, romlis dadgenasac moiTxovs ganmcxadebeli, ar ukavSirdeba is
Sedegi, romlis dadgomac surs ganmcxadebels.
erT-erT saqmeze saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos didma palatam miuTiTa, rom gancxadebaSi im mizanze miTiTeba, risTvisac ganmcxadebels am faqtis dadgena sWirdeba, warmoadgens sasamarTlos mier gancxadebis warmoebaSi miRebisa da ganxilvis erT-erT ucilebel winapirobas.48

gadawyvetileba faqtis dadgenis
Sesaxeb
sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb, romelic registrirebul unda
iqnes moqalaqeobrivi mdgomareobis registraciis organoSi an sxva organoSi, warmoadgens safuZvels aseTi registraciisa
48
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos didi palatis

gadawyvetilebani, 2001-2002. gv. 73
550
da gaformebisaTvis, magram ver Secvlis am

organoebis mier gasacem dokumentebs49.
_ gadawyvetileba iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb unda pasuxobdes yvela moTxovnas, rasac sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba saerTod (249-e muxli). maT Soris,
gadawyvetilebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos mtkicebulebebze, romelTa safuZvelze sasamarTlom gaakeTa daskvna faqtis arseboba-ararsebobis Sesaxeb, agreTve faqtze, romelic sasamarTlom CaTvala dadgenilad.
_ Tu sasamarTlom gamoitana gadawyvetileba iseTi
faqtis Sesaxeb, romelic registrirebuli unda iyos
ama Tu im organoSi, maSin gadawyvetileba warmoadgens
safuZvels aseTi registraciisaTvis da gaformebisaTvis. magaliTad, Tu gadawyvetilebiT dadgenilia qorwinebis, ganqorwinebis, gardacvalebis da a. S. registraciis faqti, sarmo-m registracia unda gaukeTos am
faqts, radgan uSualod gadawyvetileba ver Secvlis
gasacem dokuments.
_ vinaidan iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gaxdes safuZveli Sesabamisi kompetenturi organoebis mier am gadawyvetilebiT dadgenili faqtis registraciisaTvis da
gaformebisaTvis, samotivacio nawilis CamoyalibebasTan erTad Zalian didi mniSvneloba aqvs am gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis Camoyalibebas, radgan
faqtis registracia da Sesabamisi dokumentebis gaformeba swored gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis mixedviT unda moxdes.
_ ssk-is XXXVI Tavi, romelic iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqtebis dadgenas eZRvneba, ar iTvaliswinebs am faqtebis dadgenis Taobaze gamotanili gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis SesaZleblobas, magram es imas
ar niSnavs, rom am gadawyvetilebis gasaCivreba ar SeiZleba.
49
amJamad mmros ewodeba samoqalaqo reestris saagento.
551
udavo warmoebis wesiT saqmeebs sasamarTlo ganixilavs ssk-iT dadgenili wesebiT, im cvlilebebisa da
damatebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romlebic dadgenilia
am TaviT (311-e muxlis pirveli nawili).
aqedan gamomdinare, gadawyvetileba iuridiuli
faqtis Taobaze SeiZleba gasaCivrdes zemdgom sasamarTloSi.
_ kanonis moTxovna, rom gadawyvetilebis saapelacio da sakasacio wesiT gasaCivreba SeuZliaT mxolod
mxareebsa da mesame pirebs damoukidebeli sasarCelo
moTxovniT, ver gavrceldeba udavo warmoebis wesiT
gamotanil gadawyvetilebebze iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb, radagan aseTi warmoebis dros aris mxolod ganmcxadebeli da ar arian mxareebi, mesame pirebi damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT, Tanamonawileebi (TanamosarCeleebi, Tanamopasuxeebi).
aqedan gamomdinare, iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis
Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis gasaCivreba SeuZlia yvela
dainteresebul pirs, romlebsac miaCniaT, rom am faqtis dadgeniT Seilaxa maTi ufleba.
amasTan dakavSirebiT, erT-erT Tavis ganCinebaSi sakasacio sasamarTlom miuTiTa:
_ Tu iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb dainteresebulma pirebma gaiges sasamarTlos mier gadawyvetilebis gamotanis Semdeg, maT ufleba aqvT gaasaCivron es gadawyvetileba saapelacio wesiT, moiTxovon
misi gauqmeba da saqmis saerTo sasarCelo wesiT ganxilva, Tu es gadawyvetileba jer kidev ar aris Sesuli
kanonier ZalaSi.
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gadawyvetileba Sesulia
kanonier ZalaSi, dainteresebul pirebs, SeuZliaT mimarTon am gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTlos misi baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb.50
50
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da
gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2002 w. 13 ivnisis gadawyvetileba, saqme
#3k/681-02. dawvrilebiT ix. T.liluaSvili, v.xrustali. saqarTvelos
uzenaesi sasamarTlos praqtika udavo warmoebis wesiT iuridiuli
faqtebis dadgenis Sesaxeb. g-ba sani. Tb. 2003.
552
T a v i XXXVI I
moqalaqis ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiareba

da moqalaqis gardacvlilad gamocxadeba
gancxadeba moqalaqis ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiarebisa an moqalaqis gardacvlilad gamocxadebis Sesaxeb Seitaneba sasamarTloSi dainteresebuli piris mier
ganmcxadeblis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.
_ samoqalaqo kodeqsis 21-e muxlis Tanaxmad, dainteresebuli piris gancxadebiT fizikuri piri SeiZleba sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT aRiarebul iqnes ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad, Tu misi adgilsamyofeli ucnobia da ori wlis manZilze igi ar gamoCenila Tavis
sacxovrebel adgilas.
amave kodeqsis 22-e muxlis Tanaxmad, piri SeiZleba
gamocxaddes gardacvlilad, Tu mis sacxovrebel adgilas xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi ar moipoveba cnobebi am
piris adgilsamyofelis Sesaxeb, agreTve, Tu igi ugzo-ukvlod daikarga iseT garemoebebSi, romelic mas
sikvdils uqadda, anda savaraudoa misi daRupva raime
ubeduri SemTxvevis gamo da aseTi cnobebi eqvsi Tvis
ganmavlobaSi ar moipoveba. kidev ufro Sekvecili vadebia, roca piri ugzo-ukvlod daikarga saomar pirobebSi.
_ gancxadeba piris ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiarebis an gardacvlilad gamocxadebis Sesaxeb SeuZliaT Seitanon dainteresebulma pirebma, magram Tu
vin iTvleba dainteresebul pirebad kanonSi miTiTebuli araa.
samoqalaqo kodeqsis 21-e muxlis pirveli nawilis
Tanaxmad, kanoniT memkvidreebi moipoveben uflebas,
553
ukvalod dakargulis qoneba marTon mindobili sakuTrebis saxiT, maT Soris, miiRon misgan sargebeli. am qonebidan miecema sarCo ugzo-ukvlod dakargulis rCenaze myof pirebs da daifareba valebi. piris gardacvlilad aRiarebis iuridiuli interesi SeiZleba hqondeT im pirebs, romlebsac SeuZliaT miiRon samkvidro
qoneba memkvidreobiT (memkvidreebs). am pirebs, e. i.
memkvidreebs SeuZliaT Seitanon gancxadeba rogorc
piris ugzo-ukvlod dakargvis, ise misi gardacvlilad
gamocxadebis Sesaxeb.
ar aris gamoricxuli, rom arc kanonismieri da arc
anderZismieri memkvidreebi ar arsebobdnen, aseT SemTxvevaSi qoneba (umkvidro qoneba) gadadis xazinaze,
aqedan gamomdinare, piris gardacvlilad gamocxadebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba SeiZleba Seitanos sasamarTloSi xazinam.
_ gancxadeba Seitaneba sasamarTloSi ganmcxadeblis, e. i. dainteresebuli piris sacxovrebeli adgilis
mixedviT.

gancxadebaSi unda aRiniSnos, ra miznisaTvis sWirdeba ganmcxadebels moqalaqis
ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiareba da misi
gardacvlilad gamocxadeba, agreTve garemoebani, romlebiTac dasturdeba moqalaqis ugzo-ukvlod dakargva, anda romlebic ugzo-ukvlod dakarguls sikvdilis
safrTxes uqmnidnen an safuZvels iZlevian
misi daRupvis varaudisaTvis garkveuli ubeduri SemTxvevis Sedegad.
_ mizani piris ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiarebisa, Tu misi gardacvlilad gamocxadebisa SeiZleba sxvadasxva iyos, rogoricaa: qonebis mindobili sakuTrebiT marTva, ganqorwineba, qonebis memkvidreobiT mi554
Reba (memkvidreobis gaxsna), marCenalis sikvdilis gamo pensiis miReba da a. S. aRsaniSnavia, rom moqalaqis
gamocxadeba gardacvlilad iwvevs igive iuridiul Sedegs, rasac moqalaqis gardacvaleba (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1122-e da 1319-e muxlebi). magram ugzo-ukvlod
an gardacvlilad gamocxadebas ar SeiZleba miznad
hqondes sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis devnis
Sewyveta.
_ gancxadebaSi garda miznisa, miTiTebuli unda iyos
iseT garemoebaze, romlebic adastureben ugzo-ukvlod dakargvas an gardacvalebas. magaliTad, samisamarTo biuroebis uaryofiTi pasuxebi, aseTive uaryofiTi cnobebi misi adgilsamyofelis Sesaxeb samuSao
Tu bolo an savaraudo adgilebidan da a. S. Tu gancxadeba moiTxovs moqalaqis gardacvlilad aRiarebas, maSin miTiTebuli unda iyos garemoebebze, romlebic sikvdiliT emuqreboda moqalaqes, magaliTad, saaviacio
Tu avtokatastrofebi, miwisZvra, wyaldidoba da a. S.
(samoqalaqo kodeqsis 22-e muxli).
muxli 319. mosamarTlis moqmedeba

gancxadebis miRebis Semdeg
sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis saqmis momzadebisas mosamarTle gamoarkvevs, Tu romel pirebs SeuZliaT miawodon cnobebi
dakargulis Sesaxeb, agreTve gamohkiTxavs
saTanado organoebs dakarguli piris Sesaxeb misi ukanaskneli sacxovrebeli an samuSao adgilis mixedviT.
_ ise rogorc udavo warmoebis wesiT gansaxilvel
yvela saqmes, am kategoriis saqmeebsac winaswar amzadebs sasamarTlo gansaxilvelad.
saqme isaa, rom moqalaqis ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad an gardacvlilad gamocxadeba iwvevs metad seriozul samarTlebriv Sedegebs. amitom, sasamarTlos va555
raudi piris ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad an gardacvlilad gamocxadebis Taobaze unda emyarebodes iseT garemoebebs, romlebic qmnian maRali xarisxis varauds
am faqtebis Sesaxeb.
_ imisaTvis, rom es varaudi efuZnebodes sakmarisad utyuar safuZvels, sasamarTlom TviTon ganmcxadeblisagan unda gaigos, Tu visgan SeiZleba saWiro
cnobebis miReba dakargulis Sesaxeb. amasTan erTad,
sasamarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi iniciativiT gamouZaxos
da gamokiTxos im pirebs, an organizaciis TanamSromlebs, romlebTan erTad muSaobda dakarguli bolo
dros.
_ mxedvelobaSia misaRebi, rom piri SeiZleba ganzrax gauCinardes im mizniT, raTa Tavidan aicilos sisxlis Tu samoqalaqo pasuxismgebloba, raime valdebulebebis Sesruleba da sxva. Tumca ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad an gardacvlilad gamocxadeba ar warmoadgens sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis devnis Sewyvetis safuZvels.

gadawyvetileba
1. sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba, romliTac
moqalaqe aRiarebulia ugzo-ukvlod
dakargulad, warmoadgens safuZvels
imisaTvis, rom ugzo-ukvlod dakargulis
qoneba mindobili sakuTrebis saxiT gadaeces
samarTavad mis kanoniT memkvidree bs .
2. sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba, romliTac moqalaqe gamocxadebulia gardacvlilad, warmoadgens safuZvels imisaTvis, rom
moqalaqeobrivi mdgomareobis registraciis
organom Seitanos Canaweri am moqalaqis
gardacvalebis Sesaxeb moqalaqeobrivi mdgomareobis registraciis wignSi.
556
1. moqalaqis ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiarebas

ukavSirdeba mxolod erTi Sedegi: dakargulis qoneba
mindobili sakuTrebis saxiT gadaecema samarTavad mis
kanonier memkvidreebs. es imas niSnavs, rom, is, visac
gadaeca dakargulis qoneba mindobili sakuTrebis saxiT, valdebulia daicvas samoqalaqo kodeqsis 725-729e muxlebis moTxovna. gamonaklisia mxolod is, rom aseT
pirTan mindobis xelSekrulebis dadeba aRaraa saWiro, radgan sakuTrebis mimndobis rolSi gvevlineba sasamarTlo Tavisi gadawyvetilebis ZaliT.
_ cxadia, rom gadawyvetilebaSi naTlad da garkveviT unda iyos miTiTebuli, Tu ra qoneba da vis gadaeca
igi samarTavad. gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba, e. i. am gadawyvetilebiT gaTvaliswinebuli qonebis gadacema mindobil mesakuTreze, unda moaxdinos aRmsrulebelma.
2. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba piris gardacvlilad
gamocxadebis Sesaxeb warmoadgens safuZvels saxelmwifo reestris mwarmoebeli teritoriuli organos
(sarmo) wignSi am piris gardacvalebis Sesaxeb Canaweris SetanisaTvis.
amis Semdeg, am faqts ukavSirdeba yvela is Sedegi,
rac piris gardacvalebas saerTod.
muxli 321. ugzo-ukvlod

dakargulad aRiarebuli an
gardacvlilad gamocxadebuli
moqalaqis gamoCenis an misi
adgilsamyofelis aRmoCenis Sedegebi
ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiarebuli
an gardacvlilad gamocxadebuli moqalaqis gamoCenis an misi adgilsamyofelis aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo axali gadawyvetilebiT auqmebs Tavis winandel gadawyvetilebas. axali gadawyvetileba warmoadgens moqalaqeobrivi mdgomareobis re-
557
gistraciis wignSi gardacvalebis Sesaxeb

Canaweris gauqmebis safuZvels.
_ moqalaqis ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad an gardacvlilad gamocxadeba yovelTvis efuZneba prezumfcias (varauds). amitom, es muxli uSvebs am varaudis gaqarwylebis SesaZleblobas. gaqarwyleba ki SeiZleba
dakargulad an gardacvlilad gamocxadebulis gamoCeniT an misi adgilsamyofelis aRmoCeniT. es unda dadasturdes utyuarad sasamarTlos winaSe TviTon am
piris gamocxadebiT, an oficialuri cnobiT misi adgilsamyofelis Sesaxeb.
_ sasamarTlos gancxadebiT SeiZleba mimarTos im
pirma, visi gancxadebiTac piri gamocxadda dakargulad an gardacvlilad, sxva dainteresebulma pirma
(317-e muxli) da cxadia, TviTon im pirma, romelic gamocxadebuli iyo dakargulad an gardacvlilad.
_ gancxadebis ganxilvis Semdeg sasamarTlos gamoaqvs
axali gadawyvetileba (da ara ganCineba), romliTac auqmebs adre gamotanil gadawyvetilebas. es axali gadawyvetileba gadaecema sarmo-s, romelic mis safuZvelze
auqmebs registraciis wignSi am piris gardacvalebis Sesaxeb Canawers, rac Tavis mxriv, iwvevs samoqalaqo kodeqsis 23-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul Sedegebs.
_ ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiarebuli piris mimarT gamotanili gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis SemTxvevaSi, uqmdeba am piris qonebis mindobili sakuTrebis
uflebiT sxva pirze samarTavad gadacema (samoq. kodeqsis me-20 muxlis me-2 nawili).
_ saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdevineba warmoebs gancxadebaze udavo warmoebis saqmeTa aRZvris Sesaxeb. dakargulad an gardacvlilad gamocxadebuli piris gamoCenis an misi adgilsamyofelis dadgenis Sesaxeb gancxadebiT xdeba ara udavo warmoebiT saqmis aRZvra,
aramed adre ukve aRZruli da gadawyvetili saqmis ganaxleba. amitom, aseT gancxadebaze saxelmwifo baJis
Setana saWiro araa.
558
T a v i
XXXVIII
moqalaqis SezRudul qmedunarianad da

qmeduunarod aRiareba
1. saqme im moqalaqis SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiarebis Sesaxeb, romelic eZaleba alkohols an narkotikul nivTierebebs,
ris gamoc Tavis ojaxs mZime materialur
mdgomareobaSi ayenebs, SeiZleba aRZran misi
ojaxis wevrebma an meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebma.
2. saqme fsiqikuri aSlilobis gamo moqalaqis qmeduunarod aRiarebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba aRZran sasamarTloSi misi ojaxis
wevrebma, kanonierma warmomadgenelma meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebma,
agreTve fsiqiatriul-samkurnalo dawesebulebebma.
3. gancxadeba moqalaqis SezRudul qmedunarianad an qmeduunarod aRiarebis Sesaxeb Setanil unda iqnes sasamarTloSi am
moqalaqis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT,
xolo Tu es piri moTavsebulia fsiqiatriul-samkurnalo dawesebulebaSi, maSin _
samkurnalo dawesebulebis adgilmdebareobis mixedviT.
1. SezRudul qmedunarianad iTvleba arasrulwlovani Svididan Tvramet wlamde, magram SezRudul qmedunarianad iTvleba agreTve srulwlovani, romelic
sasamarTlom aRiara aseTad.
am muxls mxedvelobaSi hyavs srulwlovanebi, romlebic eZalebian alkohols an narkotikul nivTierebas.
SezRudul qmedunarianad piris aRiarebis Sesaxeb
559
sasamarTlos SeiZleba mimarTon am piris ojaxis wevrebma an meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebma. es

CamonaTvali aris amomwuravi da misi gafarToeba dauSvebelia. saqme isaa, rom piri, romelic eZaleba alkohols an narkotikul nivTierebas, mZime materialur
mdgomareobaSi ayenebs Tavis ojaxs. amitom, pirvel
rigSi, misi ojaxis wevrebi unda iyvnen dainteresebuli am piris SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiarebiT. meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebma, praqtikulad
SeiZleba mimarTon sasamarTlos gancxadebiT, rodesac aseT pirs ar hyavs ojaxSi srulwlovani wevri an
maT mimarTaven TxovniT ojaxis wevrebi, Seutanon sasamarTloSi gancxadeba piris SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiarebis Sesaxeb.
2. yoveli srulwlovani piri iTvleba qmedunarianad, sanam misi qmeduunaroba araa aRiarebuli sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebiT (samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-12 muxli).
_ garda ojaxis wevrebisa, kanonieri warmomadgenlebisa da meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebisa,
fsiqikuri aSlilobis gamo moqalaqis qmeduunarod
aRiarebis Sesaxeb gancxadebiT sasamarTlos SeiZleba
mimarTon fsiqiatriul-samkurnalo dawesebulebebma.
es CamonaTvali aris amomwuravi, rac imas niSnavs, rom
sxva pirisagan (organosagan) ar unda miiRos gancxadeba (186-e muxli).
_ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sasamarTloSi gancxadeba Seaqvs ara ojaxis wevrs, an kanonier warmomadgenels
aramed meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos, an fsiqiatriul-samkurnalo dawesebulebas, saqmis ganxilvaSi Cabmuli unda iqnes ojaxis srulwlovani wevrebi.
_ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gancxadeba piris qmeduunarod aRiarebis Sesaxeb Seaqvs arauflebamosil pirs
(organos), sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos aseTi gancxadeba, xolo Tu SecdomiT miiRo, datovos igi ganuxilvelad (275-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqti).
3. am muxlis me-3 nawili gansazRvravs teritoriul
560
gansjadobas. gancxadeba piris SezRudul qmeduunarod aRiarebis Sesaxeb Setanil unda iqnes am piris sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, xolo Tu es piri moTavsebulia fsiqiatriul dawesebulebaSi, maSin am dawesebulebis adgilmdebareobis mixedviT.
gansjadobis aseTi wesi ganpirobebulia piris mimarT yvela saWiro faqtobrivi garemoebisa da mtkicebulebis ukeT Seswavlis, Semowmebisa da gamokvlevis
interesebiT.

1. gancxadebaSi moqalaqis SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiarebis Sesaxeb miTiTebul
unda iqnes garemoebebze, romlebic adastureben, rom piri, romelic eZaleba alkohols an narkotikul nivTierebebs, mZime
materialur mdgomareobaSi ayenebs Tavis
ojaxs.
2. gancxadebaSi moqalaqis qmeduunarod
aRiarebis Sesaxeb unda aRiniSnos garemoebani, romlebic adastureben fsiqikur aSlilobas, ris gamoc mas ar SeuZlia Seignos Tavisi moqmedebis mniSvneloba an ganagos igi.
1. piris SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiarebisaTvis
aucilebelia dadasturdes ara marto is, rom igi borotad iyenebs alkohols an narkotikul nivTierebas,
aramed isic, rom amis gamo igi Tavis ojaxs mZime materialur mdgomareobaSi ayenebs.
amitom, gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos ara marto iseT garemoebebze, romlebic adastureben aRniSnul garemoebebs, aramed gancxadebas Tan unda erTvodes mtkicebulebebic am garemoebaTa dasadastureblad (cnobebi samedicino dawesebulebebidan, saeqimo daskvnebi, mkurnalobis Sesaxeb cnobebi da a. S.).
561
_ Tu gancxadeba ar Seicavs miTiTebas am garemoebebze an Tu mas ar erTvis Sesabamisi mtkicebulebebi,

sasamarTlom unda dauniSnos ganmcxadebels vada xarvezis Sesavsebad. Tu am vadaSi xarvezi ar iqneba Sevsebuli, igi gamoitans ganCinebas gancxadebis warmoebaSi
miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb (185-e muxli).
2. gancxadeba moqalaqis qmeduunarod aRiarebis Sesaxeb unda pasuxobdes aq miTiTebul moTxovnebs da
mas unda erTvodes mtkicebulebebi, romlebic adastureben piris fsiqikur aSlilobas (amonaweri misi
avadmyofobis istoriidan, cnobebi misi fsiqiatriul
saavadmyofoSi mkurnalobis Sesaxeb, mowmeTa Cvenebebi, romlebsac SeuZliaT daadasturon piris iseTi saqcieli, romelic ar axasiaTebs jansaR adamians da a. S.).
_ Tu gancxadeba ar pasuxobs am moTxovnebs, an mas
Tan ar erTvis Sesabamisi mtkicebulebebi, sasamarTlo dauniSnavs vadas ganmcxadebels, Seavsos xarvezi,
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi gamoitans ganCinebas gancxadebis warmoebaSi miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb (185-e
muxli).
muxli 324. eqspertizis daniSvna

moqalaqis fsiqikuri mdgomareobis
gansazRvris mizniT
Tu arsebobs sakmao cnobebi moqalaqis
fsiqikuri aSlilobis Sesaxeb, ganmcxadebels
ufleba aqvs saqmis momzadebis stadiaze
sasamarTlos warudginos mis mier mowveuli fsiqiatriuli eqspertis daskvna am
moqalaqis fsiqikuri mdgomareobis Taobaze. gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi, Tu piri,
romlis mimarTac aRZrulia saqme misi qmeduunarod aRiarebis Sesaxeb, aSkarad Tavs
aridebs saeqsperto Semowmebas, ganmcxadeblis TxovniT, sasamarTlos Tavis sxdomaze
fsiqiatris monawileobiT SeuZlia gam562
oitanos ganCineba fsiqiatriuli eqspertizisTvis moqalaqis iZulebiT gagzavnis

Taobaze.
_ es muxli uflebas aZlevs ganmcxadebels warudginos sasamarTlos mis mier mowveuli fsiqiatriuli
eqspertizis daskvna. fsiqiatriuli eqspertiza SeuZlia daniSnos sasamarTlomac, oRond ganmcxadeblis
TxovniT.
sasamarTlos, aseve ganmcxadeblis TxovniT, SeuZlia daadginos agreTve fsiqiatriuli eqspertizaze
im piris iZulebiT gagzavna, romlis mimarT aRZrulia
saqme misi qmeduunarod aRiarebis Sesaxeb, eqspertizis winaSe SeiZleba daisvas iseTi sakiTxebi, romlebic
moiTxoven specialur codnas, kerZod, aris Tu ara
piri fsiqikurad daavadebuli. magram am sakiTxis
garkveva ar kmara, fsiqikuri aSliloba jer kidev ar
niSnavs, rom pirs ar Seswevs unari sworad imoqmedos
da angariSi gauwios Tavis moqmedebas. amitom, eqspertis w inaSe unda daisvas agreTve sakiTxi: a) aqvs Tu
ara pirs unari Seignos Tavisi moqmedebis mniSvneloba (inteleqtualuri niSani); b) ixelmZRvanelos (ganagos) amiT (nebelobiTi niSani).
am monacemebis safuZvelze daskvnas piris qmeduunarobis, rogorc iuridiuli cnebis, Sesaxeb akeTebs
sasamarTlo Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi .
fsiqiatriul eqspertizaze piris iZulebiTi gagzavna dasaSvebia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac es piri
Tavs aridebs nebayoflobiT Semowmebas. ganCineba amis
Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs fsiqiatrisa da policiis TanamSromelTa monawileobiT.
muxli 325. gancxadebis ganxilva

1. saqmes moqalaqis SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiarebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganixilavs am moqalaqis da meurveobisa da
563
mzrunvelobis organos warmomadgenlis savaldebulo monawileobiT.

2. saqmes moqalaqis qmeduunarod aRiarebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganixilavs meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos warmomadgenlis savaldebulo monawileobiT. moqalaqes, romelic aRiarebul unda iqnes
qmeduunarod, daibareben sasamarTlo sxdomaze, Tu es SesaZlebelia misi janmrTelobis mdgomareobis mixedviT.
3. ganmcxadebeli moqalaqis SezRudul
qmedunarianad an qmeduunarod aRiarebis
Sesaxeb ganTavisuflebulia saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan.
1. piris SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiarebas win unda uswrebdes saqmis momzadeba. am mizniT, SezRudul
qmedunarianad aRiarebul pirs unda gaegzavnos gancxadebisa da masze darTuli dokumentebis aslebi, gamoTxovil iqnes misgan werilobiTi mosazrebebi, gaegzavnos Setyobineba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT saqmis
mTavar sxdomaze misi SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiarebis Sesaxeb saqmis ganxilvisa da misi savaldebulo
monawileobis Sesaxeb.
Tu es piri ar gamocxaddeba sasamarTlo sxdomaze,
sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos gadawyvetileba saqmis masalebis mixedviT (da ara dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba). policiis meSveobiT am piris gamocxadebis uzrunvelyofa dauSvebelia.
_ saqmis ganxilvaSi monawileobis misaRebad mizanSewonilia mowveul iqnes (sasamarTlos iniciativiT)
SezRudul qmeunarianad aRiarebuli piris ojaxis
srulwlovani wevrebi.
SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiarebul pirs eniSneba mzrunveli (326-e muxli). amitom, maTi monawileoba
saqmis ganxilvaSi savaldebuloa, ris Sesaxebac unda
564
ecnobos am organoebs kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (70-78e muxlebi); Tu, miuxedavad amisa, am organos warmomadgeneli ar gamocxaddeba daniSnul dRes sxdomaze, sasamarTlom unda gadados saqmis ganxilva da ganmeorebiT Seatyobinos mas da mis zemdgom organos, rom maTi
monawileoba savaldebuloa.
2. qmeduunarod aRiarebul moqalaqes eniSneba meurve. amitom, am saqmis ganxilvisas aseve savaldebuloa meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos warmomadgenlis monawileoba, ris Sesaxebac droulad unda ecnobos am organos. Tu, miuxedavad amisa, sasamarTlo
sxdomaze ar gamocxaddeba aRniSnuli organos warmomadgeneli, sasamarTlom unda gadados saqmis ganxilva da Seatyobinos amis Sesaxeb am organos da mis zemdgom organos, romlis zemoqmedebiTac unda moxdes aRniSnuli organos warmomadgenlis saqmis ganxilvaSi monawileobis uzrunvelyofa. ganmeorebiT gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlom unda ganixilos
saqme. policiis meSveobiT meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos warmomadgenlis procesSi monawileobis
uzrunvelyofa mizanSeuwonelia.
3. piri, romelmac Seitana gancxadeba (ganmcxadebeli) piris SezRudul qmedunarianad an qmeduunarod
aRiarebis Sesaxeb, ganTavisuflebulia rogorc saxelmwifo baJis, ise saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli
sxva xarjebisagan.

gadawyvetileba gancxadebis gamo
1. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba, romliTac moqalaqe aRiarebulia SezRudul qmedunarianad, warmoadgens safuZvels meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organosaTvis
mzrunvelis dasaniSnavad.
2. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba, romliTac moqalaqe aRiarebulia qmeduunarod,
565
warmoadgens safuZvels meurveobisa da

mzrunvelobis organosaTvis meurvis dasaniSnavad.
1. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaSi, romliTac piri
aRiarebulia SezRudul qmedunarianad, miTiTebuli
unda iyos, rom am pirs daeniSnos mzrunveli. mzrunvels niSnavs ara uSualod sasamarTlo, aramed meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organo (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1281-e muxlis pirveli nawili). kerZod, socialuri
uzrunvelyofis adgilobrivi organo (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1278-e muxli).
2. qmeduunarod sasamarTlos mier aRiarebul pirs
eniSneba meurve. gadawyvetilebis gamomtani sasamarTlo valdebulia am gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi
Sesvlidan araugvianes sami dRisa acnobos amis Sesaxeb meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos im piris
sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, romelic saWiroebs
meurves.
meurvis daniSvnis Sesaxeb miTiTebuli unda iyos sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaSi, magram meurves niSnavs ara
uSualod sasamarTlo, aramed meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organo (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1280-e muxli).
_ sasamarTlos mier qmeduunarod aRiarebuli pirisaTvis meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebad
gvevlineba, _ janmrTelobis dacvis adgilobrivi organo (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1278-e muxli).
muxli 327. SezRuduli

qmedunarianobis gauqmeba da
moqalaqis qmedunarianad aRiareba
1. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-14
muxlis me-3 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos, TviT moqalaqis, misi mzrunvelis, ojaxis wevris gancxadebiT,
gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba moqalaqis Sez566
Rudul qmedunarianad aRiarebis gauqmebis

Sesaxeb.
2. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-12
muxlis me-6 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos meurvis, fsiqiatriul-samkurnalo dawesebulebis, ojaxis wevris gancxadebiT, sasamarTlo-fsiqiatriuli eqspertizis daskvnis safuZvelze, gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba gamojanmrTelebuli piris qmedunarianad aRiarebis Sesaxeb.
sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze
uqmdeba aRniSnul pirze dawesebuli meurveoba.
1. gancxadeba SezRuduli qmedunarianobis gauqmebis
Sesaxeb SeiZleba Seitanon am muxlis pirvel nawilSi CamoTvlilma pirebma. gancxadebas Tan unda erTvodes
mtkicebulebebi imis Sesaxeb, rom moqalaqe, romelic aRiarebuli iyo SezRudul qmedunarianad, ukve ganikurna.
mtkicebulebebad SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos cnobebi
Sesabamisi samkurnalo dawesebulebebidan, mowmeTa Cvenebebi, ojaxis wevrTa axsna-ganmartebebi da sxva.
2. am muxlis meore nawiliT gansazRvrulia im pirTa
wre, romlebsac SeuZliaT Seitanon sasamarTloSi gancxadeba adre qmeduunarod gamocxadebuli piris qmedunarianad aRiarebis Sesaxeb.
piris qmedunarianad aRiarebisaTvis aucilebelia
sasamarTlo fsiqiatriuli eqspertizis daskvna.
_ orive SemTxvevaSi, e. i. roca sasamarTlos gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba moqalaqis SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiarebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb, an moqalaqis qmedunarianad aRiarebis Sesaxeb, ar xdeba adre gamotanili gadawyvetilebis
gauqmeba, aramed xdeba saqmis ganaxleba. gadawyvetilebaSi
miTiTebuli unda iyos, rom uqmdeba moqalaqis SezRudul
qmedunarianad aRiareba da masze mzrunveloba, an uqmdeba moqalaqis qmeduunarod aRiareba da masze meurveobis daweseba.
567
T a v i
XXXIX
dakargul an ganadgurebul sawarmdgenlo

fasian qaRaldsa da saordero fasian qaRaldze
uflebis aRdgena
(gamowveviTi warmoeba)
1. pirs, sawarmdgenlo fasiani qaRaldis
an saordero fasiani qaRaldis dakargvis
an ganadgurebisas, kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi SeuZlia sTxovos sasamarTlos dakarguli an ganadgurebuli fasiani qaRaldis Zaladakargulad gamocxadeba da maTze uflebis aRdgena.
2. gancxadeba Setanil unda iqnes sasamarTloSi am muxlSi miTiTebuli sabuTis
gamcemi dawesebulebis adgilmdebareobis
mixedviT.
1. samoqalaqo kodeqsis 918-e muxli iTvaliswinebs
fasiani qaRaldis gamocxadebas Zaladakargulad. amis
Sesabamisad, es muxli gansazRvravs sawarmdgenlo fasiani qaRaldis (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 911-e muxli) da
saordero fasiani qaRaldis (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 926e muxli) dakargvis an ganadgurebis SemTxvevaSi maT baTilad cnobas, Zaladakargulad gamocxadebas da maTze uflebis aRdgenas,51 rac ganixileba udavo warmoebis wesiT (311-e muxli).
_ fasiani qaRaldis gamomSvebi (emitenti) valdebulia ganmcxadebels miawodos cnobebi, romlebic aucilebelia sasamarTlosaTvis am gancxadebis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 918-e muxlis me-2 nawili).
51
ix. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni

meoTxe, t.(Tb.,2001,gv.250-270.
568
_ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac fasiani qaRaldis gamomSvebi (emitenti) ar asrulebs am movaleobas da ar awodebs saWiro cnobebs ganmcxadebels, maSin mas SeuZlia
ssk 103-e muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad (ix. am muxlis
komentari), iSuamdgomlos sasamarTlos winaSe, raTa
man gamoiTxovos es cnobebi.
_ fasiani qaRaldebi sxvadasxva saxisaa. sasamarTlos wesiT uflebis aRdgena dasaSvebia mxolod sawarmdgenlo da saordero fasian qaRaldze. sawarmdgenlo fasiani qaRaldi iseTi dokumentia, romelSic araa
miTiTebuli is konkretuli piri, romelsac gaaCnia
moTxovnis ufleba. amitom, aseTi ufleba warmoeSoba
nebismier pirs, vinc warmoadgens fasian qaRalds. rac
Seexeba saordero fasian qaRalds, igi gamoiwereba gansazRvrul pirze, magram imis miTiTebiT, rom qaRaldSi gamoxatuli moTxovnis ufleba aqvs ara marto mis
pirvel mflobels, aramed garkveuli pirobebis dacviT, nebismier sxva pirs.52 rac Seexeba fasiani qaRaldebis iseT saxeobas, rogoricaa piradi fasiani qaRaldi, igi gansazRvruli piris saxelze Sedgenili dokumentia da mxolod am pirs aqvs moTxovnis ufleba. es
imas niSnavs, rom sxvisTvis aseTi uflebis gadacema, an
qaRaldSi gamoxatuli moTxovnis miReba praqtikulad
gamoricxulia.
miuxedavad amisa, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis 928-e muxlis me-3 nawili iTvaliswinebs, rom Tu piradi fasiani qaRaldi `dakarguli an ganadgurebulia,
maSin igi gansakuTrebuli (udavo) warmoebis gziT Zaladakargulad gamocxaddeba, Tu ki sxva ram ar aris
gaTvaliswinebuli. es wesi ar moqmedebs mcire Rirebulebis mqone dokumentebis dakargvisas~.
samoqalaqo kodeqsis am danawesidan gamomdinare,
ssk-is XXXIX Tavi saWiroebs garkveul dazustebas, magram sanam aseTi dazusteba moxdebodes, sasamarTlo52
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni meoTxe,
t.II, Tb.,2001,gv.251
569
ebma unda miiRon gansaxilvelad udavo warmoebis wesiT piradi fasiani qaRaldis Zaladakargulad gamocxadebis (baTilad cnobis) Sesaxeb gancxadeba.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs gansjadobas:
gancxadeba dakarguli an ganadgurebuli sawarmdgenlo, saordero an pirad fasian qaRaldze SeiZleba wardgenil iqnes sasamarTloSi am fasiani qaRaldis gamcemi dawesebulebis adgilmdebareobis mixedviT, romlis misamarTi miTiTebul unda iqnes gancxadebaSi.

gancxadebaSi unda aRiniSnos dakarguli
an ganadgurebuli sabuTis ganmasxvavebeli
niSnebi, sabuTis gamcemi dawesebulebis saxelwodeba, agreTve sabuTis dakargvis garemoebani.
_ garda yvela im savaldebulo monacemebisa, romlebsac unda Seicavdes sasamarTloSi warsadgeni gancxadeba, am gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos: a) dakarguli (ganadgurebuli) sabuTis ganmasxvavebeli niSnebi (sabuTis nomeri, misi gacemis TariRi, Tanxis odenoba da a. S.); b) sabuTis gamcemi dawesebulebis zusti
saxelwodeba da misamarTi; g) garemoebebi, romelTa gamo, an romelTa arsebobis pirobebSi moxda sabuTis dakargva Tu ganadgureba; d) ganmcxadeblis moTxovna sabuTis Zaladakargulad (baTilad) gamocxadebis da masze uflebis aRdgenis, agreTve am sabuTiT yovelgvari
gadaxdisa da gacemis akrZalvis Sesaxeb.
_ ganmcxadebelma ar icis vis xelSia dakarguli fasiani qaRaldi. es rom icodes, mas SeeZlo Semoetana
ara gancxadeba, aramed sarCeli. amitom, mas ar moeTxoveba miuTiTos dakarguli sabuTis xelTmqonis misamarTi.
_ ganmcxadebelma unda daurTos Tavis gancxadebas
Sesabamisi mtkicebulebebi, xolo fasiani qaRaldis
570
gamcemi, Tavis mxriv, valdebulia miawodos mas yvela

is sabuTi, rac saWiro iqneba sasamarTlosaTvis (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 918-e muxlis me-2 nawili). xSirad, fasiani qaRaldis gamcemi dawesebulebebi ar iZlevian
aseT cnobebs sasamarTlos mimarTvis gareSe. es unda
gaiTvaliswinon sasamarTloebma gancxadebis miRebis
dros.
amasTan erTad, Tu gancxadebas aqvs iseTi xarvezi,
romlis Sevsebac ganmcxadebels SeuZlia, sasamarTlom
unda gamoitanos ganCineba da daniSnos vada am xarvezis Sesavsebad. Tu ganmcxadebeli ar Seavsebs xarvezs
am vadaSi, sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas gancxadebis warmoebaSi miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb (185-e
muxli).

gancxadebis miRebis Semdeg
1. mosamarTle gancxadebis miRebis Semdeg gamoitans ganCinebas sabuTis gamcemi
dawesebulebisaTvis (pirisaTvis) am sabuTiT yovelgvari gadaxdisa da gacemis warmoebis akrZalvis, agreTve ganmcxadeblis
xarjze adgilobriv presaSi publikaciis
Sesaxeb.
2. aseTi ganCinebis gamotanaze uari SeiZleba gasaCivrdes kerZo saCivriT.
1. gancxadebis warmoebaSi miRebis Semdeg sasamarTlo amzadebs saqmes gansaxilvelad, risTvisac is asrulebs yvela saWiro saproceso moqmedebas. pirveli,
rac unda gaakeTos sasamarTlom gancxadebis miRebisTanave _ esaa ganCinebis miReba sabuTis gamcemi pirisaTvis am sabuTiT yovelgvari gadaxdisa da gacemis
warmoebis akrZalvis Sesaxeb. am ganCinebis ase swrafad
miRebis aucilebloba ganpirobebulia imiT, rom Tavi-
571
dan iqnas acilebuli gadaxdisa da gacemis aramarTlzomierad warmoebis SesaZlebloba.

2. sasamarTlos SeuZlia uari uTxras ganmcxadebels
gadaxdisa da gacemis warmoebis akrZalvaze, magram ganmcxadebels SeuZlia am ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana (414-420-e muxlebi).
muxli 331. publikacia

publikacia unda Seicavdes:
a) im sasamarTlos dasaxelebas, romelSic
Setanilia gancxadeba sabuTis dakargvis
Sesaxeb;
b) ganmcxadeblis dasaxelebasa da mis sacxovrebel adgils;
g) sabuTis dasaxelebasa da ganmasxvavebel niSnebs;
d) winadadebas im sabuTis xelTmqonis
mimarT, romlis dakargvis Sesaxebac Setanilia gancxadeba, rom man publikaciis dRidan sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi Seitanos gancxadeba sasamarTloSi am sabuTze Tavisi
uflebis Sesaxeb.
_ publikacia savaldebuloa da unda Secavdes yvela im monacems, romlebic am muxlSia miTiTebuli.
_ publikaciis savaldebuloba ganpirobebulia
imiT, rom sasamarTlo ver ganixilavs gancxadebas da
ver gamoitans gadawyvetilebas, sanam ar gava sami Tve
publikaciidan. am sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi, sabuTis xelTmqonem unda ganacxados publikaciaSi miTiTebul sabuTze Tavisi uflebis Sesaxeb. Tu am vadaSi aseTi gancxadeba Semova, saqme SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes saerTo sasarCelo wesiT (333-e muxli).
_ publikacia SeiZleba moxdes adgilobriv presaSi.
572
muxli 332. sabuTis xelTmqonis

gancxadeba
im sabuTis xelTmqone, romlis dakargvis
Sesaxebac gancxadebulia, valdebulia publikaciis dRidan 3 Tvis vadis gasvlamde
ganCinebis gamomtan sasamarTloSi Seitanos gancxadeba sabuTze Tavisi uflebis
Sesaxeb da amasTan erTad waradginos sabuTis dedanic.
_ sabuTis xelTmqonis arc vinaoba da arc misamarTi
cnobili araa. amitom, misi dabareba (gamoZaxeba) ssk-is
70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT ver moxerxdeba.
aseT SemTxvevaSi presis saSualebiT sabuTis xelTmqonis gamoZaxeba, misi uflebis dacvis mniSvnelovani
garantiaa: mas SeuZlia publikaciidan sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi Seitanos sasamarTloSi gancxadeba sabuTze Tavisi uflebis Sesaxeb.
_ am muxlSi miTiTebulia sabuTis dedanze, romelic sabuTis xelTmqonem unda daurTos Tavis gancxadebas, magram dasaSvebia am sabuTis aslis darTvac, im
pirobiT, rom dedani mogvianebiT iqneba warmodgenili mis mier.
_ am muxlSi miTiTebuli samTviani vadis dena iwyeba
ara sasamarTlos mier publikaciis Sesaxeb ganCinebis
miRebidan, aramed publikaciis gazeTSi gamoqveynebis
dRidan.

sabuTis xelTmqonisagan gancxadebis
miRebis Semdeg
1. Tu sabuTis xelTmqonem publikaciis
dRidan 3 Tvis vadis gasvlamde Seitana
sasamarTloSi gancxadeba, sasamarTlo gancxadebas sabuTis dakargvis Sesaxeb sasa573
marTlo ganuxilvelad datovebs da daadgens vadas, romlis ganmavlobaSic sabuTis gamcem dawesebulebas (pirs) aukrZalavs awarmoos am sabuTiT gadaxda da
gacema. es vada ar SeiZleba aRematebodes
2 Tves.
2. imavdroulad sasamarTlo ganumartavs
ganmcxadebels mis uflebas aRZras sarCeli sabuTis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb saerTo wesiT im piris mimarT, visac xelTa aqvs sabuTi, xolo am ukanasknels _ mis uflebas
gadaaxdevinos ganmcxadebels zarali, rac
gamowveulia akrZalvis RonisZiebiT. sasamarTlos ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.
1. sabuTis xelTmqonis mier sasamarTloSi gancxadebis droulad Setana am sabuTze misi uflebis Sesaxeb,
warmoadgens ganmcxadeblis mier Semotanili gancxadebis ganuxilvelad datovebis safuZvels, ris Sesaxebac
sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba. amave ganCinebiT sasamarTlo gansazRvravs vadas ara umetes ori Tvisa, romlis ganmavlobaSi aikrZaleba am sabuTiT gadaxda da gacema. aq mocemulia maqsimaluri vada. sasamarTlos SeuZlia daniSnos ufro Semcirebulia vada.
2. garda zemoaRniSnulisa, ganCinebaSi miTiTebuli
unda iyos: a) ganmcxadeblis ufleba aRZras sarCeli sabuTis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb saerTo wesiT im piris winaaRmdeg, visac xelT aqvs es sabuTi; b) sabuTis xelTmqonis ufleba, moiTxovos ganmcxadeblisagan im zaralis
anazRaureba, rac gamowveuli iyo am sabuTiT gadaxdisa
da gacemis aramarTlzomierad akrZalviT; g) sabuTis
gamcemi dawesebulebis gafrTxileba, rom, Tu igi, miuxedavad akrZalvisa, mainc moaxdens am sabuTiT gadaxdas, mas daekisreba materialuri pasuxismgebloba im piris mimarT, romelic sasamarTlom aRiara dakarguli sabuTis mesakuTred.
574
sarCeli, Tu igi iqneba wardgenili, unda aRiZras saerTo wesiT da maT Soris, gansjadobis dacviT, e. i. igi
unda aRiZras ara sabuTis gamcemi dawesebulebis, aramed mopasuxis sacxovrebeli (adgilsamyofeli) adgilis mixedviT.
_ sasamarTlos ganCinebaze gancxadebis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana (414-420-e muxlebi).
muxli 334. saqmis daniSvna

gansaxilvelad
saqmes dakarguli sabuTebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganixilavs publikaciis dRidan 3 Tvis vadis gasvlis Semdeg, Tu sabuTis xelTmqonisagan ar Semovida 332-e muxlSi miTiTebuli gancxadeba.
_ samTviani vadis gamoTvla iwyeba ara im dRidan,
roca sasamarTlom gamoitana ganCineba publikaciis
Sesaxeb (330-e muxli), aramed publikaciis dRidan.
publikaciis dRed iTvleba im gazeTis gamoSvebis
dRe (ricxvi), romelSiac es publikaciaa moTavsebuli.
_ publikaciidan samTviani vadis gasvla aris gancxadebis ganxilvis dasaSvebobis piroba. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu sabuTis xelTmqonis mier gancxadeba Semovida mas Semdeg, rac sasamarTlom daniSna saqmis
ganxilva, an am saqmis ganxilvamde da gadawyvetamde,
sasamarTlom, miuxedavad amisa, mainc ganuxilvelad
unda datovos gancxadeba da urCios ganmcxadebels
aRZras sarCeli saerTo wesiT (333-e muxli).
575

gadawyvetileba gancxadebis gamo
ganmcxadeblis Txovnis dakmayofilebis
SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo gamoitans gadaw
yvetilebas, romliTac Zaladkargulad ga
moacxadebs dakargul sabuTs. es gadayvetile
ba uflebas aZlevs ganmcxadebels, miiRos
anabari an axali sabuTi Zaladakargulad
gamocxadebuli sabuTis nacvlad.
_ publikaciis dRidan sami Tvis vadis gasvlis Semdeg sabuTis xelTmqonisagan gancxadebis Semoutanloba warmoSobs varauds (prezumfcias), rom dakarguli
sabuTi marTlac ekuTvnis ganmcxadebels. am varaudis
gasaqarwyleblad sasamarTlom mizanSewonilia gamouZaxos sasamarTlo sxdomaze da mousminos sabuTis
gamcemi dawesebulebis warmomadgenels, rac SeiZleba
gulmodgined Seamowmos saqmeSi arsebuli masalebi,
TviTon ganmcxadeblis axsna-ganmarteba.
_ im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sasamarTlo daakmayofilebs
gancxadebas, e. i. gamoacxadebs sabuTs Zaladakargulad (baTilad), igi gamoitans amis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebas, romelic kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg warmoadgens axali sabuTis (axali sawarmdgenlo, saordero Tu piradi fasiani qaRaldis) gacemis safuZvels.
muxli 336. sabuTis xelTmqonis

ufleba, aRZras sarCeli qonebis
usafuZvlod SeZenis Sesaxeb
sabuTis xelTmqones, romelsac raime mizeziT droulad ar ganucxadebia Tavisi
ufleba am sabuTze, dakarguli sabuTis
Zaladakargulad gamocxadebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi
Sesvlis Semdeg SeuZlia aRZras sarCeli
576
qonebis usafuZvlod SeZenis an dazogvis

Taobaze im piris mimarT, romelsac mieniWa
dakargulis nacvlad axali sabuTis miRebis ufleba.
_ es muxli gansazRvravs sabuTis xelTmqonis uflebebisa da kanonieri interesebis dacvis wess im SemTxvevaSi, roca gadawyvetileba mis xelT arsebuli dokumentis Zaladakargulad gamocxadebis Sesaxeb Sevida kanonier ZalaSi. xolo manamde Tavisi ufleba am
sabuTze mas, ama Tu im mizezis gamo, ar ganucxadebia.
aseT SemTxvevaSi mas SeuZlia aRZras sarCeli im piris
mimarT, visac mieniWa axali sabuTis miRebis ufleba,
qonebis usafuZvlo SeZenis an dazogvis gamo.
_ aseTi gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde sabuTis xelTmqones unda mieces ufleba gaasaCivros igi saapelacio (sakasacio) wesiT.
577
T a v i XL
qonebis upatronod cnoba
gancxadeba qonebis upatronod cnobis Sesaxeb sasamarTloSi Seaqvs im pirs, romelic daeufla qonebas fizikuri piris sacxovrebeli adgilis an iuridiuli piris
adgilsamyofelis mixedviT.
_ am TavSi igulisxmeba mxolod moZravi nivTebis
upatronod cnoba, radgan mitovebul (ùpatrono~) uZrav nivTze sakuTrebis uflebas iZens mxolod saxelmwifo.
_ gancxadeba qonebis upatronod cnobis Sesaxeb SeiZleba Seitanos im pirma, romelic daeufla qonebas,
anu romelic faqtiurad flobs upatrono qonebas. qonebas SeiZleba daeuflos da, Sesabamisad, gancxadebiT SeiZleba mimarTos sasamarTlos, rogorc fizikurma, ise iuridiulma pirma.
gancxadeba Setanili unda iqnes ganmcxadeblis sacxovrebeli adgilis miexdviT, xolo Tu ganmcxadebeli iuridiuli piria _ misi adgilsamyofelis mixedviT.

qonebis upatronod cnobis Sesaxeb gancxadebaSi miTiTebul unda iqnes: romeli
qoneba unda iyos cnobili upatronod;
rogoria am qonebis ganmasxvavebeli niSnebi, mtkicebulebebi, romlebic adastureben mesakuTris mier qonebis mitovebas am
qonebaze sakuTrebis uflebis SenarCunebis ganzraxvis gareSe; agreTve mtkicebuleba imis Taobaze, rom ganmcxadebeli da-
578
eufla iseT qonebas, romlis miTvisebac

kanoniT ar ikrZaleba da ar irRveva im
piris uflebebi, romelsac am nivTis miTvisebis ufleba hqonda.
gancxadebis Sinaarsi bevradaa ganpirobebuli samoqalaqo kodeqsis 190-e muxlis danawesiT. am muxlis Tanaxmad, Tu piri mflobelobaSi iRebs upatrono moZrav nivTs, igi iZens sakuTrebas nivTze, Tu misi miTviseba araa akrZaluli kanoniT (magaliTad, narkotikuli nivTiereba, iaraRi da a. S.). moZravi nivTi upatronod iTvleba, Tu uwindeli mesakuTre sakuTrebaze uaris Tqmis mizniT nivTis mflobelobas miatovebs.
_ aqedan gamomdinare, gancxadebaSi sxva monacemebTan erTad miTiTebuli unda iyos: a) qonebis ganmasxvavebeli niSnebi; b) mtkicebulebebi, romlebic adastureben mesakuTris mier qonebis mitovebas, am qonebaze
sakuTrebis uflebis SenarCunebis ganzraxvis gareSe
(magaliTad, satransporto saSualebis, sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikis quCaSi an mindvrad mitoveba); g) mtkicebuleba imis Sesaxeb, rom am qonebis (nivTis) miTviseba araa akrZaluli kanoniT.
mtkicebulebebi, romlebzec miTiTebulia gancxadebaSi, Tan unda erTvodes am gancxadebas.
_ Tu gancxadebas aqvs xarvezi, sasamarTlom unda
misces ganmcxadebels vada misi SevsebisaTvis. Tu am
vadaSi xarvezi ar iqneba Sevsebuli, sasamarTlom gancxadeba ar unda miiRos warmoebaSi (185-e muxli).
am ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.
muxli 339. publikacia

gancxadebis miRebis Semdeg sasamarTlo
adgilobriv gazeTSi aqveynebs cnobas, romelic unda Seicavdes:
a) im sasamarTlos dasaxelebas, romelmac
unda miiRos gadawyvetileba qonebis upat579
ronod gamocxadebis Sesaxeb;

b) ganmcxadeblis vinaobas;
g) im qonebis aRweras, romelic upatronod unda gamocxaddes;
d) moTxovnas im pirTa mimarT, romelTac
SeiZleba hqondeT pretenzia qonebaze, romelic upatronod unda gamocxaddes, raTa
maT ganacxadon sasamarTloSi TavianTi uflebebis Sesaxeb 3 Tvis ganmavlobaSi dRidan publikaciisa.
_ publikacia savaldebuloa da igi unda Seicavdes
yvela im monacems, romlebic am muxlSia miTiTebuli.
gancxadebis ganxilva da gadawyvetilebis miReba dasaSvebia mxolod publikaciidan sami Tvis gasvlis Semdeg. samTviani vadis gamoTvla iwyeba publikaciis gazeTSi gamoqveynebis dRidan. publikacia SeiZleba adgilobriv gazeTSi gamoqveyndes.
_ publikacia unda Seicavdes moTxovnas im pirTa
mimarT, romelTac SeiZleba hqondeT pretenzia qonebaze, romelic upatronod unda gamocxaddes, raTa maT
ganacxadon sasamarTloSi TavianTi uflebis Sesaxeb
sami Tvis vadaSi dRidan publikaciisa.
muxli 340. qonebaze uflebis

sasarCelo wesiT dacva
1. Tu 339-e muxlis `d~ qvepunqtiT
gaTvaliswinebul vadaSi sasamarTloSi Semova gancxadeba qonebaze uflebis Sesaxeb,
maSin sasamarTlo Tavis ganCinebiT ganuxilvelad tovebs gancxadebas qonebis upatronod cnobis Sesaxeb da winadadebiT
mimarTavs ganmcxadebels, aRZras aRiarebiTi sarCeli im piris mimarT, romelmac ganacxada Tavisi ufleba qonebaze.
2. Tu daniSnuli vadis gasvlamde sasa580
marTloSi ar Semova gancxadeba qonebaze

uflebis Sesaxeb, sasamarTlo ganixilavs
saqmes da gamohkiTxavs im pirebs, romelTac SeuZliaT cnobebis miwodeba qonebis
kuTvnilebis Sesaxeb, agreTve gamoiTxovs
cnobebs Sesabamisi organoebidan.
1. sasamarTlo ganuxilvelad datovebs gancxadebas
udavo warmoebis wesiT, qonebis upatronod cnobis
Sesaxeb Tu publikaciis Sedegad piri ganacxadebs Tavis
uflebas am qonebaze. ganmcxadebels SeuZlia aseT
SemTxvevaSi aRZras aRiarebiTi sarCeli (ssk-is 180-e
muxli), romelic ganixileba saerTo wesis dacviT.
2. Tu publikaciis Sedegad aravin ar ganacxadebs
Tavis pretenzias qonebaze, maSin sasamarTlo ganixilavs gancxadebas udavo warmoebis wesiT. saqmis momzadebis mizniT sasamarTlom unda gaarkvios Tu vis
SeuZlia miawodos cnobebi qonebis kuTvnilebis Sesaxeb da gamouZaxos da gamokiTxos isini sasamarTlo sxdomaze.

gadawyvetileba
Tu sasamarTlo cnobs, rom qonebas ara
hyavs mesakuTre, an es qoneba mitovebulia
mesakuTris mier im ganzraxvis gareSe, rom
SeinarCunos am qonebaze sakuTrebis ufleba, mas gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba moZravi
qonebis upatronod cnobisa da misi im piris sakuTrebaSi gadacemis Sesaxeb, romelic daeufla am qonebas.
_ imisaTvis, rom sasamarTlom gamoitanos gadawyvetileba, ori mTavari da ZiriTadi garemoeba unda daaginos: pirveli _ qonebas ar hyavs mesakuTre, e. i. ver
dadginda, Tu vinaa mesakuTre; meore _ qoneba mitove581
bulia mesakuTris mier im ganzraxvis gareSe, rom SeinarCunos am qonebaze sakuTrebis ufleba, e. i. uwindelma mesakuTrem miatova nivTze mflobeloba sakuTrebaze uaris Tqmis mizniT.@ 53
erT-erTi garemoebis dadasturebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo gamoitans gadawyvetilebas moZravi qonebis
upatronod cnobisa da misi ganmcxadeblis (e. i. im piris, romelic daeufla qonebas) sakuTrebaSi gadacemis Sesaxeb. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac arcerTi zemoT
miTiTebuli garemoeba ar dadasturdeba, sasamarTlo
gamoitans gadawyvetilebas gancxadebis dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, anu qonebis upatronod cnobaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.
53
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni meore,

Tb., 1999, gv. 125
582
T a v i XLI
sawarmosa da kavSiris registracia amoRebulia
muxli 342-348 amoRebulia
T a v i XLII
Svilad ayvana
muxli 349. gancxadeba Svilad ayvanis
Sesaxeb
gancxadeba Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb Seitaneba sasamarTloSi mSvileblis an Svilad
asayvanis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.
_ administraciuli wesiT Svilad ayvanis sakiTxis
gadawyvetisas daSvebulma uxeSma Secdomebma ganapiroba am uaRresad mniSvnelovani sakiTxis sasamarTlo
wesiT gadawyvetis aucilebloba. samoqalaqo kodeqsis
1242-e muxlis Tanaxmad, amieridan Svilad ayvanis sakiTxs ganixilavs sasamarTlo, riTac mniSvnelovnad
gaZlierda rogorc Svilad asayvanis, ise mSvileblis
interesebis dacvis garantiebi.
_ es muxli gansazRvravs alternatiul gansjadobas:
gancxadeba SeiZleba Setanil iqnes sasamarTloSi rogorc mSvileblis, ise Svilad asayvanis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. arCevanis ufleba aqvs ganmcxadebels.
_ gancxadeba Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb SeiZleba sasamarTloSi Seitanos nebismierma srulwlovanma da qmedunarianma pirma, garda im pirisa: a) romelsac CamorTmeuli aqvs mSoblis ufleba; b) adre hyavda naSvilebi, magram Svileba gauqmda mis mier mSvileblis movaleobis arajerovnad Sesrulebis gamo; g) romelsac
583
avadmyofobis, moraluri an sxva piradi Tvisebis gamo

ar SeuZlia ganaxorcielos mSoblis uflebebi (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1245-e muxli).
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac bavSvi Svilad ahyavs ara
orive, aramed erT-erT meuRles, saWiroa meore meuRlis Tanxmoba.

1. gancxadebaSi Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb
miTiTebuli unda iyos monacemebi Svilad
asayvanisa da mSvileblis (mSvileblebis) Sesaxeb, agreTve garemoebebi, romlebic adastureben, rom Svileba xdeba bavSvis keTildReobisa da interesebisaTvis.
2. gancxadebas Tan unda erTodes:
a) meuRlis Tanxmoba, roca bavSvi Svilad
ahyavs erT-erT meuRles;
b) gasaSvilebeli bavSvis mSoblebis Tanxmoba;
g) meurvis (mzrunvelis) Tanxmoba im bavSvis Svilad ayvanaze, romelic meurveobaSia, Tu mas mSoblebi ara hyavs;
d) amoRebulia;
3. sasamarTlos, ganmcxadeblis TxovniT an
Tavisi iniciativiT, SeuZlia gamoiTxovos
saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone mtkicebulebebi, agreTve ganixilos saqme daxurul sasamarTlo sxdomaze.
_ Svilad ayvana dasaSvebia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi,
Tu is Seesabameba bavSvis keTildReobasa da interesebs da mosalodnelia, rom mSvilebelsa da naSvilebs
Soris warmoiSoba iseTive urTierToba, rogoric mSobelsa da naSvilebs Soris.54
54
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari. wigni mexuTe.

Tb. 2000, gv. 244
584
1. aqedan gamomdinare, am muxlis pirveli nawili moiTxovs, rom gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli iyos mSvileblisa da Svilad asayvanis Sesaxeb monacemebi, kerZod,
mSvileblis (mSvileblebis) daxasiaTeba misi samuSao
adgilidan, agreTve masTan erT saxlSi mcxovrebi pirebisagan, romlebic Seicaven cnobebs Svilad amyvanis moralur-zneobrivi da ekonomikuri mdgomareobis
Sesaxeb, meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebis mosazreba mis Sesaxeb, rac am organoebis daskvnaSi iqneba Camoyalibebuli da a.S.
2. gancxadebis gansaxilvelad miRebis erT-erTi winapirobaa sasamarTloSi im sabuTebis warmodgena, romlebic CamoTvlilia am muxlis me-2 nawilSi. es sabuTebi Tan unda erTvodes gancxadebas.
_ samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1242-e muxlis Tanaxmad, Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gamoitanos sasamarTlom mxolod meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos daskvnis miRebis Semdeg. es daskvna SeiZleba Seicavdes mSvileblis daxasiaTebasac, agreTve
garemoebebs, romlebic adastureben, rom Svileba xdeba bavSvis interesebisaTvis. amave daskvnaSi unda iyos
am organoebis Tanxmoba gaSvilebaze, rac saWiroa mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gasaSvilebeli meurveobaSia da mas ar hyavs mSoblebi.
_ mxedvelobaSia misaRebi is garemoeba, rom mSoblebs SeuZliaT gaSvilebaze Tanxmoba ganacxadon mSvileblis (konkretuli piris) miuTiTeblad. mSvileblis
SerCeva maT SeuZliaT miandon meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1251-e muxli).
3. udavo warmoebis wesiT saqmeTa ganxilvisas Zlier SezRudulia SejibrebiTobis principis moqmedeba,
radgan aq ar gvyavs urTierTdapirispirebuli, modave
mxareebi. amitom, aq ar gvaqvs WeSmaritebis dadgenis
is garantiebi, romlebic sasarCelo warmoebis dros
aris .
am xarvezis Sevseba xdeba sasamarTlos aqtiuri roliT, romelsac SeuZlia ara marto ganmcxadeblis Txov585
niT, aramed Tavisi iniciativiT gamoiTxovos mtkicebulebebi, gamoitanos ganCineba saqmis daxurul sxdomaze ganxilvis Sesaxeb, Tu es misi azriT ufro mizanSewonilia.

gadawyvetileba
1. Tu sasamarTlo cnobs, rom Svilad
ayvana Seesabameba Svilad asayvanis interesebs da emsaxureba mis keTildReobas,
gamoitans gadawyvetilebas Svilad ayvanis
Sesaxeb, romelic ganmcxadeblis TxovniT
sajarod ar gamocxaddeba.
2. sasamarTlo Tavis gadawyvetilebas Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb misi kanonier ZalaSi
Sesvlis dRidan erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi
registraciisaTvis gadaugzavnis moqalaqeobrivi mdgomareobis registraciis am gadawyvetilebis gamotanis adgilis mixedviT.
3. Svilad ayvana namdvilia sasamarTlos
gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis
dRidan.
1. gadawyvetilebas Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo gamoitans mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saqmeSi arsebuli masalebi safuZvels aZlevs sasamarTlos dadasturebulad CaTvalos, rom Svileba (Svilad
ayvana) namdvilad Seesabameba gasaSvilebeli bavSvis
keTildReobasa da interesebs.
_ kanonmdebloba icavs Svilad ayvanis saidumloebas da iTvaliswinebs meqanizmebs am saidumloebis dacvis uzrunvelsayofad, kerZod, Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb cnobebis gavrceleba iwvevs sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobas (sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 175-e
muxli), gadawyvetileba Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb mSvi586
leblis TxovniT sajarod ar gamocxaddeba, Svilad ayvanis konfidencialurobis uzrunvelsayofad SeiZleba Seicvalos naSvilebi bavSvis dabadebis adgili, Tve
da ricxvi da a. S.
2. gadawyvetileba Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb kanonier
ZalaSi Sedis ssk 264-e muxliT dadgenil vadebSi da
wesiT (ix. am muxlis komentari).
_ gadawyvetileba Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb registrirebul, unda iqnes samoqalaqo reestris saagentoSi
am gadawyvetilebis gamotanis adgilis mixedviT. amitom, gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg
erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi, sasamarTlom mSvileblis
TxovniT an Tavisi iniciativiT unda gadaugzavnos igi
samoqalaqo reestris saagentoSi.
3. gadawyvetilebis registracia savaldebuloa. es
imas niSnavs, rom Svilad ayvana warmoSobs uflebebsa
da movaleobebs registraciis SemTxvevaSi, magram es
uflebebi da movaleobebi warmoiSoba ara registraciis momentidan, aramed gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis dRidan.
587
T a v i XLII1
dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgena
muxli 3511. dakarguli saqmis

warmoebis aRdgenis wesi
dakarguli saqmis warmoeba SeiZleba aRdgenil iqnes mxareTa gancxadebiT.
saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi SeiZleba daikargos
sxvadasxva subieqturi Tu obieqturi mizezebisa gamo
(gaqurdva, xanZari, wyaldidoba da a.S.) saqmis warmoebis dakargvis gamo ki mxareebma SeiZleba veRar isargeblon saqmeSi arsebuli sasamarTlo aqtebiT, magaliTad, veRar miiRon saaRsrulebo furceli, veRar gaasaCivron sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba Tu ganCineba da a.S.
aqedan gamomdinare, maT eZleva SesaZlebloba moiTxovon dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgena.
dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis obieqtad
gvevlineba dakarguli saqmis warmoeba, romelzec
gamotanili iyo sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba an ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb. dakarguli
saqmis warmoebis aRdgena sxva saproceso dokumentebis aRdgenis mizniT dauSvebelia (ix.momdevno muxlebis komentari).
subieqtebad anu pirebad, romlebsac aqvT ufleba
moiTxovon dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgena, gvevlinebian mxareebi (mesame pirebi damoukidebeli moTxovniT, uflebamonacvleebi, Tanamonawileebi, kanonieri warmomadgenlebi).

gansjad sasamarTloSi
gancxadeba dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb Setanil unda iqnes im sasamarT588
loSi an mis uflebamonacvlesTan, romelmac

gamoitana dakargul saqmeze gadawyvetileba
an (ganCineba) am saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis
Sesaxeb. Tu dakarguli saqmis warmoeba ar
aris damTavrebuli, gancxadeba Seitaneba im
sasamarTloSi, romlis warmoebaSic aris es
saqme.
es muxli gansazRvravs sasamarTlos gansjadobas:
gancxadeba dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb Setanili unda iqnes im sasamarTloSi, romelSic mimdinareobda am dakarguli saqmis warmoeba da romelmac daamTavra am saqmis warmoeba gadawyvetilebis
gamotaniT an ganCinebiT saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis
Sesaxeb. Tu dakarguli saqmis warmoeba damTavrebuli
ar iyo an damTavrebuli iyo ganCinebiT sarCelis
ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb (278-e muxli), aseTi saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb gancxadeba ar
unda miiRos sasamarTlom, vinaidan mxares SeuZlia
aRZras igive sarCeli. es daskvna pirdapir gamomdinareobs am muxlis pirveli winadadebidan romelSiac miTiTebulia sasamarTloze romelmac gamoitana
dakargul saqmeze gadawyvetileba an ganCineba am
saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb.
am muxls mxedvelobaSi aqvs sasamarTlo da ara sasamarTlos igive Semadgenloba. ufro metic, SeiZleba
igive sasamarTlo aRarc arsebobs, rac savsebiT dasaSvebia sasamarTlo reformis Tu reorganizaciis
pirobebSi, magram es arafers ar niSnavs: gancxadeba SeiZleba Setanil iqnes im sasamarTloSi, romelic uflebamonacvled gvevlineba. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu saqme
awarmova da Sesabamisi gadawyvetileba an ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb gamoitana magaliTad,
vanis raionis sasamarTlom, maSin gancxadeba dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb SeiZleba Setanili iqnes samtrediis raionis sasamarTloSi, romlis
samoqmedo teritoria vrceldeba vanis raionzec.
589
am muxlis me-2 winadadeba uSvebs imis SesaZleblobas, rom Tu dakarguli saqmis warmoeba ar aris damTavrebuli, gancxadeba Seitaneba im sasamarTloSi, romlis
warmoebaSic aris es saqme. amasTan dakavSirebiT unda
aRiniSnos, rom ise rogorc sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis SemTxvevaSi, am SemTxvevaSic sasamarTlom unda
urCios mxares aRZras ganmeorebiT sarCeli.

1. gancxadeba unda Seicavdes:
a) saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos dasaxelebas;
b) im sasamarTlos dasaxelebas, romlebmac
dakargul saqmeze gamoitana gadawyvetileba
an ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis
Sesaxeb;
g) miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, Tu dakarguli
saqmis warmoebis ra nawilis aRdgenas moiTxovs ganmcxadebeli;
d) im garemoebebze miTiTebas, romlebmac
aRniSnuli saqmis masalebis dakargva gamoiwvia;
e) miTiTebas, ra mizniT esaWiroeba ganmcxadebels dakarguli masalebis aRdgena;
v) saqmesTan dakavSirebul dawvrilebiT
informacias.
2. ganmcxadebas unda daerTos dokumentebi an maTi damowmebuli aslebi, romlebic
aqvs ganmcxadebels da romlebsac kavSiri
aqvs saqmesTan, im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu isini
ar aris dadasturebuli dadgenili procedurebis Sesabamisad.
3. gancxadebas unda daerTos saxelmwifo
baJis gadaxdis damadasturebeli qviTari,
Tu saqme daikarga ganmcxadeblis braliT.
590
1. garda cnobili rekvizitebisa, romlebsac unda

Seicavdes sasamarTlosadmi mimarTulil nebismieri
gancxadeba, dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis
Sesaxeb gancxadeba unda Seicavdes:
a) miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, rom dakargul saqmeze
gamotanili iyo gadawyvetileba an ganCineba am saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb.
amasTan erTad, miTiTebuli unda iyos romelma sasamarTlom da rodis gamoitana es gadawyvetileba Tu
ganCineba, agreTve ra Sinaarsisa iyo isini.
b) miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb dakarguli saqmis warmoebis romeli nawilis aRdgenas moiTxovs ganmcxadebeli, kerZod moiTxovs igi am saqmeze gamotanili gadawyvetilebis aRdgenas Tu am saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb ganCinebis aRdgenas;
g) SeZlebisdagvarad ganmcxadebelma unda miuTiTos yvela im garemoebaze, romlebmac gamoiwvia an SeeZlo gamoewvia saqmis masalebis dakargva;
d) gancxadebaSi naTlad da garkveviT unda iyos miTiTebuli Tu ra miznisaTvis Wirdeba ganmcxadebels
dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgena.
ganmcxadeblis mizani SeiZleba mdgomareobdes
imaSi, rom sxva an imave sasamarTlom ar miiRos da ar
ganixilos igive sarCeli, anu sarCeli imave mxareebs
Soris, imave saganze da imave safuZvlebiT (272-e muxli), romelic ukve iyo ganxiluli da gadawyvetili
dakarguli saqmis warmoebiT.
ganmcxadebels SeiZleba miznad hqondes dakargul saqmeze gamotanili gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba
(saaRsrulebo furclis miReba), an kidev, gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnoba, agreTve axlad aRmoCenil
garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxleba.
dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis mizanze miTiTebas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba unda mieniWos;
Tu mizani ar iqneba marTlzomieri da gamarTlebuli - aRdgenaze uari unda iTqvas.
e) yovelgvari informacia, rac dakavSirebulia
591
dakargul saqmesTan, miTiTebuli unda iyos gancxadebaSi, kerZod masSi unda aRiniSnos:
- ra saproceso mdgomareoba ekava ganmcxadebels iyo mosarCele, mopasuxe, mesame piri damoukidebeli
moTxovniT da a.S.
- vin iRebda monawileobas saqmis ganxilvaSi da ra
statusiT anu vin gamodioda mxared, Tanamonawiled,
mesame pirad, mowmed, eqspertad da a.S. maTi misamarTebis miTiTebiT.
2. mtkicebulebebad SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes dokumentebi, romlebsac raime kavSiri aqvT dakargul
saqmesTan. amitom, es dokumentebi unda daurTos ganmcxadebelma Tavis gancxadebas. cxadia, dokumentebi (maTi
aslebi) unda iyos saTanado wesiT damowmebuli, magram
daumowmebeli dokumentebic unda daerTos gancxadebas,
romlebic saTanado Semowmebisa da Sefasebis Sedegad
SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnan mtkicebulebebad.
mtkicebulebebad SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnan
saqmeSi monawile pirTa, agreTve im mowmeebisa da
eqspertebis (specialistebis) Cvenebebi, romlebic
monawileobdnen dakarguli saqmis ganxilvaSi. isini
SeiZleba gamoZaxebuli iyvnen da daikiTxon sasamarTlo sxdomaze, romelzec ganixileba dakarguli saqmis
warmoebis aRdgenis sakiTxi.
3. ganmcxadebeli ixdis saxelmwifo baJs mxolod im
SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saqmis warmoeba daikarga misi
braliT. amitom, Tu warmodgenili masalebidan aSkarad Cans, rom saqmis dakargva ar SeiZleboda momxdariyo
ganmcxadeblis braliT, saxelmwifo baJis gadauxdeloba ar SeiZleba gaxdes gancxadebis miRebaze da ganxilvaze uaris Tqmis safuZveli.
muxli 3514. gancxadebis ganxilvis

wesi
1. gancxadebas dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganix592
ilavs mxareTa daswrebiT, Tumca erT-erTi

an orive mxaris gamoucxadebloba ver
daabrkolebs saqmis ganxilvas. saWiroebis
SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlo Tavisi iniciativiT an mxareTa Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze
moiwvevs pirebs, romlebsac SeuZliaT sasamarTlos miawodon informacia saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb. sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs aseve gamoiTxovos informacia saTanado organoebisagan.
2. saqmis ganmxilvelma sasamarTlom unda
ixelmZRvanelos sasamarTlo procesis darCenili masalebiT, aseve mxareTa moTxovnebiT
an sxva pirTa dokumentebiT, romlebic maT
gadaecaT sasamarTlo procesis masalebis
dakargvamde, agreTve im dokumentebisa da
masalebis damowmebuli aslebiT, romlebic
saqmes Seexeba. saqmeSi monawile pirebs ufleba aqvT sasamarTlos gansaxilvelad warudginon maT mier momzadebuli im gadawyvetilebis proeqti, romelic unda ganaxldes.
3. sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs mowmeebad
dakiTxos pirebi, romlebic eswrebodnen
saproceso moqmedebebis Sesrulebas, da,
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, is pirebic, romlebic eswrebodnen sasamarTlo sxdomas,
roca ixileboda is saqme, romlis masalebic
daikarga.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad gancxadeba
dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb
ganixileba Ria sasamarTlo sxdomaze mxareTa
monawileobiT. es imas niSnavs, rom am sxdomaze
mowveuli unda iqnan mxareebi kanoniT dadgenili
wesiT, anu 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT. mxareTa
gamoucxadebloba, marTalia, ver daabrkolebs saqmis
ganxilvas, magram, Tu sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom maTi
593
procesSi monawileobis gareSe SeuZlebeli iqneba

gancxadebis ganxilva da Sesabamisi gadawyvetilebis
miReba, man unda gadados sxdoma sxva droisaTvis da
amis Sesaxeb acnobos ganmcxadebels da sxva
dainteresebul pirebs. garda mxareebisa, sasamarTlos
SeuZlia mxareTa TxovniT an Tavisi iniciativiT
moiwvios sasamarTlo sxdomaze nebismieri piri,
romelsac SeuZlia miawodos sasamarTlos cnobebi
dakarguli saqmis Sesaxeb. sxva sityvebiT, am muxlis
pirveli nawili farTo uflebebs aniWebs sasamarTlos
saqmis aRdgenasTan dakavSirebiT saWiro informaciis
miRebisaTvis.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs im masalebis
wres, romlebiTac SeuZlia ixelmZRvanelos
sasamarTlom gancxadebis ganxilvis dros.
am masalebis wre sakmaod farToa. sasamarTlos
evaleba gulmodgineT Seamowmos da Seafasos es
masalebi. aq erT garemoebas unda mieqces sasamarTlos
yuradReba: 3513 muxlis meore nawilSi miTiTebulia
imis Sesaxeb, rom gancxadebas Tan unda daerTos
dokumentebi an maTi damowmebuli aslebi, cxadia Tu
isini aqvs ganmcxadebels, magram aqve miTiTebulia imis
Sesaxebac, rom am gancxadebas SeiZleba daerTos iseTi
dokumentebi da maTi aslebic, romlebic ar aris
dadasturebuli
dadgenili
procedurebis
Sesabamisad, anu ar aris damowmebuli dadgenili wesiT.
cxadia, aseTi dokumentebi an maTi aslebi saWiroeben
gulmodgine Semowmebas da Sefasebas sasamarTlos
mier, magram sxva mtkicebulebebTan erTobliobaSi maT
SeuZliaT didi samsaxuri gauwion sasamarTlos
dakarguli saqmis warmoebis mTlianad an nawilobriv
aRdgenaSi.
am muxlis me-2 nawili Seicavs metad mniSvnelovan
danawess: mxareebs da saqmeSi monawile sxva pirebs
SeuZliaT aRadginon mexsierebaSi dakargul saqmeze
gamotanili gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) Sinaarsi,
Camoayalibon igi werilobiT da warudginon
594
sasamarTlos im gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) proeqti

romelic unda aRadginos sasamarTlom. cxadia, es
proeqti unda Seswavlili da Sefasebuli iqnes
sasamarTlos mier sxva masalebTan erTobliobaSi.
3. mowmeebad SeiZleba gamoZaxebuli iqnan aramarto
is pirebi, romlebic eswrebodnen ama Tu im saproceso
moqmedebis Sesrulebas (magaliTad, adgilze
daTvalierebas, mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofas,
mosamzadebel sxdomas da a.S.), aramed pirebi, romlebic
eswrebodnen sasamarTlo sxdomas da ar
sargeblobdnen raime saproceso samarTlebrivi
statusiT (ar iyvnen mesame pirebi, mowmeebi,
eqspertebi, specialistebi da a.S.)

dakarguli saqmis warmoebis
aRdgenis Sesaxeb
dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo iRebs ganCinebas, romelSic
unda mieTiTos im gadawyvetilebis an ganCinebis Sinaarsi, romliTac dakarguli saqmis warmoeba iyo damTavrebuli. ganCinebaSi
aseve unda aRiniSnos, ra saproceso moqmedebebi sruldeboda dakarguli saqmis
warmoebis dros. dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCineba
SeiZleba gasaCivrdes kerZo saCivriT.
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac warmodgenili masalebis
safuZvelze sasamarTlo miva im daskvnamde, rom
dakarguli saqmis warmoeba aRdgenili unda iqnes,
kerZod aRdgenili unda iqnes gadawyvetileba
romelic gamotanili iyo dakargul saqmeze an ganCineba
am dakarguli saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb, mas
gamoaqvs amis Sesaxeb ara gadawyvetileba, aramed
ganCineba.
595
sasamarTos ganCinebaSi dakarguli saqmis warmoebis

aRdgenis Sesaxeb miTiTebuli unda iyos:
a) dakarguli saqmis xasiaTi da Sinaarsi, kerZod,
rogori iyo mosarCelis moTxovna, romel faqtebs
emyareboda es moTxovna, rogori iyo mopasuxis
Sesagebeli da ra garemoebebs emyareboda es
Sesagebeli, ra werilobiTi Tu nivTieri
mtkicebulebebi iyo warmodgenili mxareebis mier, vin
daikiTxa mowmeebad, eqspertebad da a.S.;
b) ra saproceso moqmedebebi Sesrulda mxareTa
Soris wamoWrili davis gadawyvetis mizniT (Catarda
adgilze daTvaliereba, moxda mtkiceulebaTa
uzrunvelyofa, Catarda mosamzadebeli sxdoma,
ganxorcielda sarCelis uzrunvelyofa da a.S.);
g) romeli konkretuli monacemebis safuZvelze
miiCnia sasamarTlom dakarguli saqmis warmoebaze
gamotanili gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) Sinaarsi
dadgenilad;
d) ganCinebaSi dakarguli saqmis warmoebis
aRdgenis Sesaxeb rac SeiZleba zustad da
amomwuravad unda Camoyalibdes dakargul saqmeze
gamotanili gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) Sinaarsi,
misi sarezolucio nawili, anu sakuTriv
gadawyvetileba, rac SesaZleblobas miscems
saaRsrulebo organoebs aRasrulon igi, Tu, ra Tqma
unda, am ganCinebaze dakarguli saqmis warmoebis
aRdgenis Sesaxeb gaicema saaRsrulebo furceli.
amave ganCinebaSi rac SeiZleba srulad da zustad
unda iyos miTiTebuli Tu ra saproceso moqmedebebi
sruldeboda dakarguli saqmis warmoebis dros,
romeli faqtebi CaiTvala damtkicebulad da
dadasturebulad, romeli materialuri Tu
saproceso normebi iqna gamoyenebuli da a.S. aqve
miTiTebuli unda iyos Tu ra garemoebebis da romeli
monacemebis safuZvelze miiCnia sasamarTlom
SesaZleblad aRedgina dakarguli saqmis warmoeba da
596
am saqmeze gamotanili gadawyvetileba an ganCineba am

saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb.
sasamarTlos ganCinebaze dakarguli saqmis
warmoebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb SeiZleba Setanili iqnes
kerZo saCivari 414-e-420-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.
muxli 3516. dakarguli saqmis

warmoebis aRdgenis SeuZlebloba
dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis
SeuZleblobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo Tavisi ganCinebiT Sewyvets saqmis warmoebas
dakarguli sasamarTlo warmoebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb. aseT SemTxvevaSi ganmcxadebels
SeuZlia aRZras sarCeli saerTo wesiT. es
ganCineba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes kerZo saCivriT.
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac dakarguli saqmis
warmoebis aRdgenis mizniT Segrovili masalebi araa
sakmarisi, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba
dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenaze uaris
Tqmisa da saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb.
am ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana 414420-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.
es ganCineba dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenaze
uaris Tqmisa da saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb ar
arTmevs uflebas mxares kvlav aRZras sarCeli
sasamarTloSi, radgan igive sarCelis adre aRZvra da
mis mimarT gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) gamotana ver
dadasturda.
597
kari meSvide
saojaxo, administraciuli,
saxelmwifo-samarTlebrivi
urTierTobebidan warmoSobili da
reketuli qonebis CamorTmevasa da
saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemasTan
dakavSirebuli saqmeebis ganxilvis
Taviseburebani
T a v i
XLIII
saojaxo saqmeTa ganxilvis Taviseburebani

muxli 352. gamoyenebis sfero
saqorwino da saojaxo saqmeebis mimarT
gamoiyeneba am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesebi
im damatebebiT, rac am TavSia dadgenili.
.
_ saqorwino da saojaxo saqmeTa kategorias miekuTvneba saqmeebi, romlebic warmoiSoba saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis mexuTe wignis _ `saojaxo samarTlis~ normebiT (1106-1305-e muxlebiT) mowesrigebuli
urTierTobebidan.
_ am kategoriis saqmeebis ganxilva warmoebs samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili saqmeTa ganxilvis saerTo wesebis dacviT, oRond im TaviseburebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, rac am TavSia mocemuli.
muxli 353. erT-erTi meuRlis

gardacvaleba
erT-erTi meuRlis gardacvalebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTloSi aRZruli saqme unda
Sewydes.
598
_ samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1122-e muxlis Tanaxmad, erTerTi meuRlis gardacvaleba an gardacvlilad gamocxadeba (317-e muxli) warmoadgens qorwinebis Sewyvetis safuZvels. amitom, sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba
saWiro aRaraa. magram saqme imitomac unda Sewydes, rom
aRaraa mowinaaRmdege mxare, xolo uflebamonacvleobas kanoni ar uSvebs (272-e muxlis è~ qvepunqti).
saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba (273-e muxli).
muxli 354. saqmis garemoebis dadgena

sasamarTlos iniciativiT
1. sasamarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi iniciativiT gansazRvros dasadgen garemoebaTa wre
da mxareTa axsna-ganmartebis Semdeg TviTon gamoiTxovos mtkicebulebebi, romlebzedac mxareebs ar miuTiTebiaT.
2. saojaxo-samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan warmoSobili saqmeebi ar SeiZleba ganixilebodes sxva xasiaTis moTxovnebis Sesaxeb aRZrul saqmeebTan erTad.
_ saojaxo-samarTlebrivi urTierTobebi, marTalia,
ganekuTvneba kerZo samarTlebrivi urTierTobebis
sferos, magram am urTierTobebis ganviTarebiTa da
simtkiciT dainteresebulia mTeli sazogadoeba. am mosazrebiT SeiZleba aixsnas is garemoeba, rom sasamarTlos, romelic ixilavs konkretul saojaxo _ samarTlebriv davas, miniWebuli aqvs farTo uflebebi TviTon Tavisi iniciativiT miiRos yvela zoma, raTa daadginos saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis
mqone garemoebebi da gamoitanos samarTliani gadawyvetileba, kerZod: a) sasamarTlos SeuZlia TviTon gansazRvros mtkicebis sagani, e. i. im garemoebaTa wre, romelTa dadgenis gareSe SeuZlebelia saqmis sworad gadawyveta. mxareTa mier miTiTebuli garemoebebiT, sa599
samarTlo am SemTxvevaSi, SeboWili araa; b) TviTon Tavisi iniciativiT gamoiTxovos ara marto is mtkicebulebebi, romlebzec miuTiTeben mxareebi, aramed romlebzec mxareebi ar miuTiTeben, magram romlebsac aqvT
mniSvneloba mtkicebis saganSi Semaval dasadgen (saZiebel) garemoebaTa dasadastureblad.
2. mosarCeles SeuZlia sarCelSi gaaerTianos ramdenime moTxovna, imisgan damoukideblad, erTsa da imave
safuZvlebs emyareba es moTxovnebi Tu ara (182-e muxli).
_ saojaxo-samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan warmoSobili davebis drosac aseTi gaerTianeba, SeerTeba ramdenime moTxovnisa, dasaSvebia, magram mxolod erTi pirobiT _ Tu es moTxovnebi saojaxo-samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan warmoiSoba.
magaliTad, ganqorwinebis saqmis gadawyvetasTan erTad meuRleebs SeuZliaT moiTxovon qonebis gayofac.
radgan orive es moTxovna wesrigdeba saojaxo samarTliT, sasamarTlom unda ganixilos es moTxovnebi. magram ganqorwinebis saqmesTan erTad ar SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes, magaliTad, sesxis, qiravnobis, zianis miyenebiT da a. S. warmoSobili urTierTobebis safuZvelze
aRZruli saqmeebi, radgan aseTi kategoriis saqmeebi
ar ganekuTvneba saojaxo-samarTlebrivi urTierTobebidan warmoSobil saqmeTa kategorias.
muxli 355. sasamarTlos droebiTi

gankarguleba
1. sasamarTlos SeuZlia mxareTa Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze miiRos droebiTi gankarguleba, raTa moawesrigos:
a) Svilis mimarT mSobelTa zrunvis sakiTxebi;
b) erT-erTi mSoblis urTierToba bavSvTan;
g) bavSvis aRsazrdelad gadacema erTerTi mSoblisaTvis;
600
d) mcirewlovani bavSvis Senaxvis valdebuleba;

e) sakiTxi erT-erTi meuRlis mier meore
meuRlisaTvis materialuri daxmarebis gawevis Sesaxeb;
v) saojaxo meurneobisa da biniT sargeblobis sakiTxi;
z) saojaxo-samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan warmoSobili saqmeebis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT xarjebis avansis saxiT gadaxdevinebis sakiTxi;
2. aRniSnul sakiTxebze sasamarTlos ganCineba SeiZleba gamotanil iqnes zepiri
ganxilvis gareSe.
3. ganCinebis gamomtan sasamarTlos SeuZlia, mxareTa gancxadebis safuZvelze, Secvalos an mTlianad gaauqmos Tavisi ganCineba.
1. am muxlis pirvel nawilSi CamoTvlil sakiTxebze
sasamarTlos SeuZlia miiRos droebiTi gankargulebebi mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu iqneba amis Sesaxeb mxaris Suamdgomloba (gancxadeba) sasamarTlos mimarT.
_ droebiTi am gankargulebebs (romlebic ganCinebis formiT miiReba) imitom ewodeba, rom sabolood es
sakiTxebi mowesrigdeba sasamarTlos mier saqmeze miRebul gadawyvetilebaSi.
2. am muxlis pirvel nawilSi CamoTvlil sakiTxebze
droebiTi gankargulebebi, gamotanili ganCinebis formiT, SeiZleba miRebul iqnes mxareTa Seutyobineblad,
saqmis zepiri ganxilvis gareSe. magram, Tu sasamarTlo
amas saWirod CaTvlis, SeuZlia es sakiTxebi mxareTa SetyobinebebiTa da maTi monawileobiT ganixilos. cxadia,
rom maTi gamoucxadebloba sakiTxis gadawyvetas da
droebiTi gankargulebis miRebas ver daabrkolebs.
3. am ganCinebis gasaCivreba ar SeiZleba. es logiku601
ria, radgan am ganCinebaSi Camoyalibebuli gankarguleba droebiTia da sabolood igi aisaxeba gadawyvetilebaSi, romelzec SeiZleba saapelacio (sakasacio) saCivris Setana.
_ amasTan erTad, mxares SeuZlia mimarTos sasamarTlos gancxadebiT (ara saCivriT), raTa man Secvalos
an gaauqmos es ganCineba. sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba am gancxadebiT aRZruli Suamdgomlobis dakmayofilebis an masze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. es ganCineba ar
gasaCivrdeba kerZo saCivriT da gancxadeba ar gadaigzavneba zemdgom sasamrTloSi im SemTxvevaSic, roca
sasamarTlo uars eubneba mxares ganCinebis (droebiTi
gankargulebis) Secvlaze an mTlianad gauqmebaze.

gadawyvetileba ganqorwinebis an
qorwinebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb
1. ganqorwinebis an qorwinebis baTilad
cnobis Sesaxeb gamotanili gadawyvetilebiT sasamarTlo, Tu amas moiTxoven mxareebi TavianTi gancxadebiT, gadawyvets:
a) qorwinebaSi dabadebul bavSvze mSobelTa saerTo zrunvis sakiTxs;
b) erT-erTi mSoblis qorwinebaSi dabadebul bavSvTan urTierTobis mowesrigebis sakiTxs;
g) bavSvis erT-erTi mSoblisaTvis gadacemis sakiTxs;
d) qorwinebaSi dabadebuli bavSvisaTvis
materialuri daxmarebis gawevis (rCenis)
sakiTxs.
e) meuRleTa urTierTrCenis sakiTxs;
2. ganqorwinebis an qorwinebis baTilad
cnobisa da maTi Sedegebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs erTiani gadawyvetileba. Tu
sasamarTlo calke gamoyofs qorwinebis saq602
meebidan gamomdinare sxva saqmeebs, maSin

mas am muxlis pirveli nawilis à~ da `b~
qvepunqtebSi miTiTebul sakiTxebze gamoaqvs ganCineba. aseTi ganCinebis mimarT dasaSvebia kerZo saCivris Setana.
1. saojaxo-samarTlebrivi urTierTobebidan warmoSobil saqmeebTan erTad SeiZleba ganixilebodes mxolod am urTierTobebidan warmoSobili sxva moTxovnebis Sesaxeb aRZruli saqmeebi (354-e muxlis me-2 nawili).
_ am zogadi miTiTebidan gamomdinare, am muxlis
pirveli nawili gansazRvravs qorwinebis an ganqorwinebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb saqmeebTan erTad Tu romeli moTxovnebi SeiZleba iqnes ganxiluli da gadawyvetili, rodesac aseT moTxovnebs ayeneben mxareebi.
_ am muxlis CamonaTvali araa amomwuravi. ganqorwinebis an qorwinebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb saqmeTa ganxilvisas, sasamarTlos SeuZlia ganixilos da gadawyvitos sxva sakiTxebic, rogoricaa magaliTad, Svilebis
sacxovrebeli adgili, meuRleTa TanasakuTrebaSi arsebuli qonebis gayofis sakiTxi, baTilad cnobili qorwinebiT miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis sakiTxi da a. S.
(samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1128-e, 1130-e, 1147-e muxlebi).
2. erToblivad ganxiluli moTxovnebis mimarT sasamarTlos gamoaqvs erTiani gadawyvetileba. sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs am gaerTianebuli moTxovnebidan
calke gamoyos esa Tu is moTxovna; Tu es moTxovnebi
ganxilulia, maSin maT mimarT sasamarTlos gamoaqvs
ganCineba. es Seexeba à~ da `b~ qvepunqtebSi miTiTebul
sakiTxebs. sxva SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos calke warmoebad gamoyofili saqmeebis mimarT gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba.
aRniSnul sakiTxebze gamotanil ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana (414-420-e muxlebi).
T a v i XLIV (amoRebulia)
603
Tavi XLIV1
warmoeba reketuli an qurduli samyaros
wevris, an adamianiT movaWris qonebis
GamorTmevasa da saxelmwifosaTvis
gadacemasTan dakavSirebiT
muxli 3561. terminTa ganmarteba

am Tavis miznebisaTvis terminebs aqvT
Semdegi mniSvneloba:
a) reketi - Semosavlis an sxvagvari
qonebrivi sargeblis sistematurad miRebis mizniT warmoebuli araerTjeradi da
organizebuli saqmianoba, romelic dakavSirebulia ganzraxi danaSaulis CadenasTan (Tu nasamarTloba ar aris gaqarwylebuli an moxsnili), Tu igi ganxorcielda
orjer mainc xuTi kalendaruli wlis ganmavlobaSi, romelSic ar Sedis reketiris
dapatimrebisa da sasjelis moxdis vada;
b) reketuli dajgufeba - Tavisi saqmianobiT reketTan dakavSirebuli iuridiuli piri, agreTve fizikur an/da iuridiul
pirTa nebismieri gaerTianeba;
g) reketiri - piri, romelic damoukideblad an sxva pirTan (pirebTan) erTad warmarTavs reketuli dajgufebis saqmianobas,
an, sxvagvarad monawileobs reketuli dajgufebis saqmianobaSi da misTvis cnobilia, rom es dajgufeba reketuli dajgufebaa, agreTve ukanonod wyvets an monawileobs reketul dajgufebaTa an reketul
dajgufebasa da sxva pirTa Soris davebis
gadawyvetaSi;
604
g1) adamianiT movaWre - fizikuri an

iuridiuli piri an pirTa jgufi romelmac
Caidina saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis 1431 an/da 1432 muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSauli.
d) ojaxis wevri - reketiris an qurduli samyaros wevris adamianiT movaWris
meuRle, arasrulwlovani Svili da geri,
agreTve reketirTan, qurduli samyaros
wevrTan an adamianiT movaWresTan mudmivad mcxovrebi piri;
e) axlo naTesavi - reketiri, qurduli
samyaros wevris an adamianiT movaWris
ojaxis wevri, pirdapiri aRmavali da daRmavali Stos naTesavi, da Zma, agreTve mSoblisa da Svilis gerebi, meuRlis da, Zma da
mSobeli;
v) reketirTan, qurduli samyaros wevrTan an adamianiT movaWresTan dakavSirebuli piri - piri, romelsac iuridiuli dokumentaciis safuZvelze sakuTrebaSi aqvs
qoneba da arsebobs sakmarisi mtkicebulebebi, rom igi miRebulia reketis Sedegad
an sxva arakanonieri gziT da am qonebiT
sargeblobs reketiri, qurduli samyaros
wevri an adamianiT movaWre.
z) reketuli qoneba - reketidan miRebuli qoneba, am qonebidan miRebuli Semosavali, reketidan miRebuli SemosavliT
SeZenili qoneba, agreTve reketuli dajgufebis, reketiris, reketiris ojaxis
wevris, axlo naTesavis an dakavSirebuli
piris Semosavali, qoneba an qonebidan miRebuli Semosavali, romlis marTlzomieri
saSualebebiT miRebis damadasturebeli
sabuTi an sxva mtkicebuleba ar arsebobs.
T) qurduli samyaros wevris qoneba 605
qurduli samyaros wevris, misi ojaxis

wevris, axlo naTesavis an reketirTan an
qurduli samyaros wevrTan dakavSirebuli
piris Semosavali, qoneba an qonebidan miRebuli Semosavali, romlis marTlzomieri
saSualebebiT miRebis damasturebeli sabuTi an sxva mtkicebuleba ar arsebobs.
i) adamianiT movaWris qoneba - adamianiT movaWris mier adamianiT vaWrobisagan
miRebuli qoneba, misi ojaxis wevris Semosavali qoneba an qonebidan miRebuli Semosavali an sxva arakanonieri gziT miRebuli qoneba, romlis marTlzomieri saSualebebiT miRebis damadasturebeli sabuTi an sxva mtkicebuleba ar arsebobs.
1. am muxlSi mocemuli terminebis ganmarteba
SeiZleba ar daemTxves sxva sakanonmdeblo da
normatiul aqtebSi Camoyalibebul igive terminebis
(cnebebis) ganmartebas. magram es mxolod imaze
migvaniSnebs, rom reketuli, qurduli samyaros wevris
an adamianiT movaWris qonebis CamorTmevisa da
saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis Sesaxeb saqmis
warmoebisas terminebs unda mieceT is mniSvneloba,
romelic mocemulia am muxlSi.
2. rac Seexeba terminebs ukanono qoneba,
dausabuTebeli qoneba romlebsac kanoni ukavSirebs
garkveul Sedegs (356 5-e muxli), am muxlSi
ganmartebuli araa. maTi ganmartebisaTvis SeiZleba
gamoyenebuli iqnes administraciuli saproceso
kodeqsis 215-e muxlSi mocemuli ganmartebebi, am
muxlis Tanaxmad ukanono qoneba - esaa qoneba, agreTve
am qonebidan miRebuli Semosavali, aqciebi (wili)
romelic reketirs, qurduli samyaros wevrs,
adamianiT movaWres, maTi ojaxis wevrs, axlo naTesavs
an maTTan dakavSirebul pirs mopovebuli aqvT kanonis
moTxovnaTa darRveviT.
606
dausabuTebeli qoneba - esaa qoneba, agreTve am

qonebidan miRebuli Semosavali, aqciebi (wili) romlis
kanonieri saSualebebiT mopovebis damadasturebeli
dokumentebi reketirs, qurduli samyaros wevrs,
adamianiT movaWres, maTi ojaxis wevrs, axlo naTesavs,
an maTTan dakavSirebul pirs ar gaaCniaT.
muxli 3562. sarCelis aRZvra

reketuli, qurduli samyaros
wevris an adamianiT movaWris qonebis
CamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis
gadacemis Taobaze
1. reketuli, qurduli samyaros wevris
an adamianiT movaWris qonebis CamorTmevisa
da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis Taobaze sarCelis aRZvris ufleba aqvs prokurors reketiris, qurduli samyaros wevris an adamianiT movaWris mimarT sasamarTlos ganaCenis
kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan 30 dRis vadaSi.
2. reketuli qonebis CamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis Taobaze sarCeli
SesaZlebelia aRiZras reketuli dajgufebis,
reketiris, misi ojaxis wevris, axlo naTesavis
an reketirTan dakavSirebuli piris mimarT.
3. qurduli samyaros wevris qonebis CamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis
Taobaze sarCeli SesaZlebelia aRiZras qurduli samyaros wevris, misi ojaxis wevris,
axlo naTesavis an qurdul samyaros wevrTan dakavSirebuli piris mimarT.
4. adamianiT movaWris qonebis CamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis Taobaze sarCeli SesaZlebelia aRiZras adamianiT movaWris, misi ojaxis wevris, axlo naTesavis an adamianiT movaWresTan dakavSirebuli piris mimarT.
607
T movaWris qonebis CamorTpiris

1. am muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs sam sakiTxs:
a) visi interesebis dasacavad SeiZleba aRiZras
sarCeli da ra Sinaarsisa SeiZleba iyos sasarCelo
moTxovna (sarCelis sagani); b) vis SeuZlia mimarTos
sasamarTlos aseTi sarCeliT; g)ra vadaSi SeiZleba
aRiZras es sarCeli.
a) sarCeli SeiZleba aRiZras reketuli, qurduli
Taobaze. am moTxovnis SinaarsiT ganisazRvreba
aRZruli sarCelis sagani.
raxan sarCelis aRZvris mizania qonebis CamorTmeva
da am qonebis saxelmwifosaTvis gadacema, mxared,
kerZod ki mosarCeled, samoqalaqo saproceso
samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT, gvevlineba saxelmwifo,
radgan sarCeli aRiZvris da sasarCelo moTxovnac
mimarTulia misTvis CamorTmeuli qonebis
gadacemisaken. es imas niSnavs, rom mxared
procesualuri gagebiT gvevlineba ara is piri, vinc
uSualod aRZra sarCeli sxva pirTa interesebis
dasacavad, aramed is piri, visi uflebebisa Tu
interesebis dasacavadac aRiZra sarCeli.55
b) zemod aRniSnuli moTxovniT sarCelis aRZvris
ufleba miniWebuli aqvs prokurors. mxolod
prokurors SeuZlia aRZras sarCeli reketuli (an
qurduli samyaros an adamianiT movaWris) qonebis
CamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis Sesaxeb.
is vinc mimarTavs sasamarTlos sarCeliT sxva pirTa
uflebebisa da interesebis dasacavad, samoqalaqo
saproceso samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT aris
warmomadgeneli, aqedan gamomdinare, marTalia
prokurori amave kanoniT iwodeba rogorc mosarCele,
magram miuxedavad amisa, prokuroris procesualur-
55
T. liluaSvili. samoqalaqo saproceso samarTali. Tb. 2005,

I I gamocema
608
samarTlebrivi mdgomareoba (statusi) SeiZleba

ganisazRvros rogorc saxelmwifos warmomadgeneli,
romelsac kanoniT aqvs miniWebuli ufleba dadgenili
wesiT mimarTos sasamarTlos sarCeliT da daicvas misi
warmomdgenis - saxelmwifos uflebebi da
interesebi.56
g) sarCelis aRZvris ufleba prokurors aqvs im
SemTxvevaSi, Tu reketiris, qurduli samyaros wevris
an adamianiT movaWris mimarT aRZruli iyo sisxlis
samarTlis saqme, gamotanilia gamamtyunebeli
ganaCeni da es ganaCeni Sesulia kanonier ZalaSi.
gansazRvrulia agreTve sarCelis Setanis vada:
prokurorma sarCeli unda aRZras 30 dRis vadaSi,
am vadis dena iwyeba ganaCenis kanonier ZalaSi
Sesvlis dRidan.
SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom sarCelis aRZvris 30
dRiani vada dawesebulia imisaTvis rom rac SeiZleba
swrafad iqnes aRZruli sarCeli prokuroris mier,
magram Tu sarCeli aRiZra, magaliTad, ganaCenis
kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan 35-e dRes an ufro gvian,
sasamarTlos, miuxedavad amisa, mainc SeuZlia miiRos
da ganixilos es sarCeli.
2. am muxlis I I, I I I da IV nawilebi gansazRvraven im
mopasuxeTa wres, romelTa mimarT SeiZleba aRiZras
sarCeli. kerZod, Tu sarCeli exeba reketul qonebas,
igi SeiZleba aRiZras reketuli dajgufebis, reketiris,
misi ojaxis wevris, axlo naTesavis an masTan
dakavSirebuli piris mimarT; Tu sarCeli exeba
qurduli samyaros wevris qonebas, igi SeiZleba aRiZras
qurduli samyaros wevris, misi ojaxis wevris, axlo
naTesavis, an masTan dakavSirebuli piris mimarT; Tu
sarCeli exeba adamianiT movaWris qonebas, igi SeiZleba
aRiZras adamianiT movaWris misi ojaxis wevris an
adamianiT movaWresTan dakavSirebuli piris mimarT.
56
356 5-e muxlSi miTiTebulia agreTve CamorTmeuli qonebis

mesame pirebisaTvis da kanonieri mesakuTrisaTvis gadacemis
Taobaze, magram amis Sesaxeb saubari gveqneba am muxlis komentarSi
609
muxli 3563. qonebis reketulad

cnoba, qurduli samyaros wevris an
adamianiT movaWris qonebis
ukanonod da dausabuTeblad cnoba
1. mosamarTle reketuli dajgufebis,
reketiris, misi ojaxis wevris, axlo naTesavis an reketirTan dakavSirebuli piris
qonebas cnobs reketulad, Tu saqmis warmoebis procesSi, saTanado mtkicebulebaTa Sefasebis safuZvelze gairkveva, rom
qoneba miRebulia reketidan, igi warmoadgens Semosavals reketiT miRebuli qonebidan, SeZenilia reketiT miRebuli SemosavliT an ararsebobs reketuli dajgufebis, reketiris, reketiris ojaxis wevris,
axlo naTesavis an reketirTan dakavSirebuli piris qonebis marTlzomieri saSualebebiT miRebis damadasturebeli sabuTi an sxva mtkicebuleba.
2. mosarCele valdebulia warudginos
sasamarTlos mtkicebulebebi mopasuxis
qonebis reketulobis Taobaze.
3. mosamarTle qurduli samyaros wevris,
misi ojaxis wevris, axlo naTesavis an qurduli samyaros wevrTan dakavSirebuli
piris qonebas cnobs ukanonod an dausabuTeblad, Tu ar arsebobs qurduli samyaros wevris, misi ojaxis wevris, axlo
naTesavis an qurduli samyaros wevrTan
dakavSirebuli piris qonebis marTlzomieri saSualebebiT miRebis damadasturebeli sabuTi an sxva mtkicebuleba.
4. mopasuxe valdebulia warudginos sasamarTlos mtkicebulebebi Tavisi qonebis
dasabuTebulobisa da kanonierebis Sesaxeb.
5) mosamarTle adamianiT movaWris, misi
610
ojaxis wevris qonebas cnobs ukanonod an

dausabuTeblad, Tu ar arsebobs adamianiT
movaWris, misi ojaxis wevris qonebis marTlzomieri saSualebebiT miRebis damadasturebeli sabuTi an sxva mtkicebuleba.
6) mopasuxe valdebulia, sasamarTlos
warudginos mtkicebulebebi Tavisi qonebis
dasabuTebulobisa da kanonierebis Sesaxeb.
1. imisaTvis, rom qoneba CamoerTvas mopasuxes da
gadaeces saxelmwifos, aucilebelia winaswar iqnes
dadgenili garkveuli faqtobrivi garemoebebi,
romelTa xasiaTi da moculoba ramdenadme gansxvavdeba
erTmaneTisagan imis mixedviT aRZrulia sarCeli
reketuli qonebis mimarT, Tu qurduli samyaros
wevrisa da adamianiT movaWris qonebis mimarT.
aq mxedvelobaSia misaRebi erTi metad
mniSvnelovani garemoeba: saqarTvelos samoqalaqo
saproceso kodeqsis 106-e muxlis g qvepunqtis
Tanaxmad sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze gamotanil
ganaCens aqvs preiudiciuli mniSvneloba samoqalaqo
saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTlosaTvis iseTi faqtebis
mimarT, rogoricaa a) hqonda Tu ara moqmedebas
adgili (anu Cven SemTxvevaSi, hqonda Tu ara
magaliTad, rekets adgili) da b) Caidina Tu ara es
moqmedeba im pirma, vis mimarTac aRZrulia sarCeli mopasuxem (anu Cven SemTxvevaSi reketirma, qurduli
samyaros wevrma, adamianiT movaWrem).
am garemoebis gaTvaliswineba miT ufro
aucilebelia, rom 356 2-e muxlis pirveli nawilis
Tanaxmad prokurors SeuZlia aRZras sarCeli Tu
mopasuxis mimarT gamotanilia ganaCeni da igi Sesulia
kanonier ZalaSi.
imisaTvis, rom reketuli qoneba CamoerTvas
mopasuxes da gadaeces saxelmwifos, uwinares yovlisa
sasamarTlom es qoneba unda cnos reketulad.
mosamarTle qonebas cnobs reketulad, Tu saqmeze
611
warmodgenili mtkicebulebebisa da kanonier ZalaSi

Sesuli ganaCenis (ix. 106-e muxlis komentari)
safuZvelze damtkicebulad (dadasturebulad
CaTvlis, rom (1) qoneba miRebulia reketidan; (2) igi
warmoadgens Semosavals reketidan miRebuli
qonebidan; (3) SeZenilia reketiT miRebuli
SemosavliT.
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu aq CamoTvlili garemoebebi
dadasturdeba, es iqneba sakmarisi imisaTvis, rom
dakmayofildes prokuroris sarCeli da sasamarTlom
Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT qoneba CamoarTvas mopasuxes
da gadasces igi saxelmwifos. magram, Tu es garemoebebi
ver dadasturdeba warmodgenili mtkicebulebebiT,
es kidev ar iZleva sarCelze uaris Tqmis safuZvels.
aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda gaarkvios xom ar
arsebobs
sadavo
qonebis
marTlzomieri
saSualebebiT
miRebis
damadasturebeli
mtkicebulebebi. Tu aseTi mtkicebulebebi
aRmoCndeba - sasamarTlo Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT uars
etyvis prokurors sarCelis dakmayofilebaze. magram,
Tu aseTi mtkicebulebebi ar arsebobs, sasamarTlo
gamoitans gadawyvetilebas sarCelis dakmayofilebis
Sesaxeb (ix. 3565-e muxlis komentari).
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs, Tu romel
mxares romeli faqtebis damtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba.
prokurors evaleba warudginos sasamarTlos
mtkicebulebebi mopasuxis qonebis reketulobis
Sesaxeb, magram Tu prokurori ver warudgens
sasamarTlos aseT mtkicebulebebs, maSin wardgenil
unda iqnes mtkicebulebebi sadavo qonebis
marTlzomieri saSualebebiT SeZenis dadasturebis
mizniT. aseT mtkicebulebad SeiZleba gamodges
aderZi an qonebis kanonismieri memkvidreobiT
miRebis damadasturebeli dokumentebi, jildos
miReba, Cuqebis xelSekruleba, maRali saxelfaso
anazRaurebis damadasturebeli dokumentebi da a.S.
612
cxadia, rom sadavo qonebis marTlzomieri

saSualebebiT
SeZenis
damadasturebeli
mtkicebulebebis
warmodgenis
movaleoba
(damtkicebis tvirTi) SeiZleba daekisros mopasuxes.
magram, Tu mopasuxem es ver SeZlo, maSin sasamarTlom
unda gamoitanos misTvis araxelsayreli
gadawyvetileba.
3. am muxlis me-3 nawili gansazRvravs qurduli
samyaros wevrisa da aq CamoTvlili pirebis qonebis
ukanonod da dausabuTeblad cnobis sakiTxs (ukanono
da dausabuTebeli qonebis cnebis Sesaxeb ix. 3561-e
muxlis komentari).
qonebis reketulad cnobisagan gansxavebiT, am
SemTxvevaSi saWiro araa rom prokurorma warudginos
sasamarTlos mtkicebulebebi sadavo qonebis
qurduli saSualebebiT mopovebis Sesaxeb. imisaTvis,
rom sasamarTlom cnos qurduli samyaros wevrisa da
sxvebis qoneba ukanonod an dausabuTeblad,
sakmarisia ar arsebobdes am qonebis marTlzomieri
saSualebebiT (ix. am muxlis me-2 nawilis komentari)
miRebis damadasturebeli sabuTi an sxva saxis
mtkicebuleba.
4. am muxlis me-4 nawiliT damtkicebis tvirTi
Semdegnairadaa ganawilebuli mxareebs Soris:
prokurorma unda daamtkicos, rom mopasuxe aris
qurduli samyaros wevri, misi ojaxis wevri, axlo
naTesavi an masTan dakavSirebuli piri. es faqtiuri
garemoebebi qmnis varauds imisaTvis, rom am pirTa
qoneba ukanono da dausabuTebelia. amitom,
prokurori Tavisufldeba Semdgomi mtkicebulebebis warmodgenis movaleobisagan.
mopasuxeebs ekisrebaT am varaudis gaqarwylebis
movaleoba, risTvisac maT unda warudginon
sasamarTlos mtkicebulebebi, imis dasadastureblad,
rom sadavo qoneba sinamdvileSi SeZenilia
marTlzomieri saSualebebiT (ix. am muxlis me-2 naw.
komentari).
613
5. me-5 nawiliT gansazRvrulia adamianiT movaWris

an misi ojaxis wevris qonebis ukanonod da
dausabuTeblad cnobis safuZvlebi. es safuZvlebi
igivea rac qurduli samyaros wevris qonebis ukanonod
da dausabuTeblad cnoba: adamianiT movaWris misi
ojaxis wevris qonebis marTlzomieri saSualebebiT
mopovebis damadasturebeli sabuTis an sxva
mtkicebulebis ararseboba.
6. am muxlis me-6 nawili, ise rogorc am muxlis me-4
nawili, damtkicebis tvirTs mxareTa Soris
Semdegnairad anawilebs: prokurorma unda
daamtkicos, rom mopasuxe adamianiT movaWrea an misi
ojaxis wevria. am faqtis damtkicebiT iqmneba varaudi
rom mopasuxis qoneba ukanono da dausabuTebelia.
am varaudis gasaqarwyleblad mopasuxem unda
daamtkicos, rom qoneba SeZenilia marTlzomieri
saSualebebiT, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi amoqmeddeba
varaudi da sadavo qoneba cnobili iqneba ukanonod da
dausabuTeblad aqedan gamomdinare yvela SedegebiT
(ix.3565-e muxlis komentari).
muxli 3564. qonebaze yadaRis dadeba

Tu arsebobs monacemebi, rom reketuli dajgufebis, reketiris, qurduli samyaros wevris, adamianiT movaWris, maTi
ojaxis wevris, axlo naTesavis an an reketirTan, qurduli samyarosTan an adamianiT movaWresTan dakavSirebuli piris mflobelobaSi arsebul qonebas gadamalaven an
daxarjaven anda sxvagvarad gaasxviseben,
prokurori valdebulia gancxadebiT mimarTos sasamarTlos qonebaze, maT Soris
sabanko angariSebze yadaRis dadebis
Taobaze.
614
1. ssk 191-e muxlis Tanaxmad mosarCeles SeuZlia

mimarTos sasamarTlos gancxadebiT sarCelis
uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb. Tu sasamarTlos gauCndeba
dasabuTebuli varaudi imis Sesaxeb, rom
uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebaTa miuRebloba gaaZnelebs
an SeuZlebels gaxdis gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebas,
mas
gamoaqvs
gadawyvetileba
sarCelis
uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb.
3564-e muxli avalebs mosarCele - prokurors
mimarTos sasamarTlos gancxadebiT sadavo qonebis
(maT Soris sabanko angariSebis) dayadaRebis Sesaxeb,
Tu arsebos monacemebi, rom am muxlSi dasaxelebuli
pirebi gadamalaven, daxarjaven an gaasxviseben maT
mflobelobaSi arsebul qonebas.
SeZlebisdagvarad es monacemebi prokurorma unda
warudginos sasamarTlos, raTa mas Seeqmnas
dasabuTebuli varaudi, rom qonebas marTlac
gadamalaven, daxarjaven da a.S.
sasamarTlos SeuZlia miiRos ganCineba
uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis Sesaxeb, Tumca araa
savaldebulo misTvis prokuroris Suamdgomloba
qonebis dayadadRebis Sesaxeb. am kodeqsis 198-e muxli
iTvaliswinebs sarCelis uzrunvelyofis sxvadasxva
RonisZiebas. sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoiyenos is
RonisZieba, romelsac ufro mizanSewonilad CaTvlis.
muxli 3565. qonebis reketulad,

ukanonod an dausabuTeblad cnobis
iuridiuli Sedegebi
1. Tu sasamarTlom am Tavis 3563 muxlis
Sesabamisad reketuli dajgufebis, reketiris, qurduli samyaros wevris, maTi ojaxis
wevris, axlo naTesavis, adamianiT movaWris
an misi ojaxis wevris reketirTan an qurduli samyaros wevrTan dakavSirebuli
piris qoneba reketulad, ukanonod an daus615
abuTeblad, cno, aseTi qoneba mesame piris

kanonieri interesebis dakmayofilebis Semdeg gadaecema mis kanonier mesakuTres, xolo
kanonieri mesakuTris dadgenis SeuZleblobis SemTxvevaSi - saxelmwifos.
2. Tu qonebis reketuloba, ukanonoba
an dausabuTebloba nawilobriv dasturdeba, kanonier mesakuTres, xolo kanonieri
mesakuTris dadgenis SeuZleblobis SemTxvevaSi - saxelmwifos gadaecema mopasuxis
qonebis is nawili, romlis arareketulobas, kanonierebas an dasabuTebulobas mopasuxe sasamarTlo wesiT ver daadasturebs.
3. Tu SeuZlebelia reketuli, ukanono
an dausabuTebeli qonebis pirvandeli mdgomareobiT kanonieri mesakuTris an saxelmwifosaTvis dabruneba, mopasuxes daekisreba
am qonebis ekvivalenturi fuladi Tanxis
gadaxda.
4. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba reketuli, ukanono an dausabuTebeli qonebis
kanonieri mesakuTris an saxelmwifosaTvis
gadacemis Taobaze aRsruldeba saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanoniT dadgenili wesiT.+_
1. rogorc am muxlis saxelwodebidanac savsebiT
naTlad Cans igi eZRvneba qonebis reketulad,
ukanonod an dausabuTeblad cnobis iuridiul Sedegs.
Tu 3562-e muxlis azriT, SinaarsiTa da logikiT
vixelmZRvanelebT es Sedegebi unda gamoixatos
mopasuxisaTvis qonebis CamorTmeviTa da misi
saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemiT.
magram am muxlis pirvel nawilSi pirvelad
gamoCndnen mesame pirebi da kanonieri
mesakuTre, kerZod, Tu sasamarTlom mopasuxis
qoneba cno reketulad, ukanonod an dausabuTeblad,
616
maSin am qonebiT pirvel rigSi unda dakmayofildes

mesame piris kanonieri interesebi, meore rigSi,
darCenili qoneba unda gadaeces mis kanonier
mesakuTres, xolo, mesame rigSi, qoneba SeiZleba
gadaeces saxelmwifos oRond erTi pirobiT, Tu ver
iqneba dadgenili kanonieri mesakuTris vinaoba.
ibadeba praqtikuli kiTxva: vin (sasamarTlom,
prokurorma) da rogor unda gamoavlinos da
daadginos mesame pirebi da kanonieri mesakuTre?
amis Taobaze am Tavis arcerT muxlSi miTiTeba araa.
migvaCnia, rom es seriozuli xarvezia
kanonmdeblobaSi, romelic unda Seavsos praqtikam.
erTi ram cxadia, am muxlis me-4 nawilis Tanaxmad
sakiTxi kanonieri mesakuTrisaTvis qonebis gadacemis
Sesaxeb unda aisaxos sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaSi.
es imas niSnavs, rom sasamarTlom unda daadginos
kanonieri mesakuTris vinaoba da gadawyvitos misTvis
qonebis mikuTvnebis sakiTxi.
aq ibadeba kidev erTi praqtikuli sakiTxi: Tu am
kanonier mesakuTres ar surs saqmeSi monawileobis
miReba arc sadavo qonebaze ar aqvs raime pretenzia,
Tumca aSkaraa, rom igi adre iyo am qonebis kanonieri
mesakuTre, rogor unda moiqces aseT SemTxvevaSi
sasamarTlo?
aq mxedvelobidan ar SeiZleba gauSvaT erT
fundameturi sakiTxi: prokurors kanoniT miniWebuli
aqvs ufleba aRZras sarCeli reketuli....... qonebis
Taobaze, magram mas ar aqvs ufleba aRZras sarCeli
sxva fizikur Tu iuridiul pirTa maT Soris mesame
pirTa da kanonier mesakuTreTa uflebebis dasacavad.
(ix. me-2 da me-3 muxlebis komentari). winaaRmdeg
SemTxvevaSi es iqneboda dispoziciurobis principis
uxeSi darRveva. miT umetes, amis ufleba ar SeiZleba
hqondes sasamarTlos romelic SeboWilia sasarCelo
moTxovnis farglebiT.
617
amrigad, am e.w. mesame pirebma da kanonierma

mesakuTreebma TviTon unda mimarTon sasamarTlos
sarCeliT, Tu maT aqvT raime pretenzia im qonebis
mimarT, romlis CamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis
gadacemis sakiTxs ixilavs sasamarTlo. im SemTxvevaSi,
rodesac am pirebma Seityves saxelmwifosaTvis qonebis
gadacemis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis gamotanis Semdeg
maT SeuZliaT mimarTon sasamarTlos sarCeliT saerTo
wesis dacviT.
2. am muxlis me-3 nawilis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi
sasamarTlos daWirdeba imis gansazRvra, Tu ra
odenobiT ganisazRvreba CamosarTmevi qonebis
ekvivalenturi fuladi Tanxa, romlis gadaxda
SeiZleba daekisros mopasuxes. amisaTvis sasamarTlos

gadawyvetileba
1. reketuli, qurduli samyaros wevris
an adamianiT movaWris qonebis CamorTmevis
Taobaze warmoebuli saqmeebis ganxilvisas,
rodesac gamocxadda reketiris qurduli
samyaros wevris, maTi ojaxis wevris, axlo
naTesavis adamianiT movaWris an misi ojaxis
wevris an reketirTan an qurduli samyaros
wevrTan dakavSirebuli piris mimarT Zebna,
ar gamoiyeneba am kodeqsis 233-e muxlis
pirveli nawilis g qvepunqti.
2. mxares, romelic ar gamocxadda sasamarTloSi, egzavneba dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis asli misi gamotanidan 5 dRis
vadaSi.
3. am muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneba sasamarTlo uwyebis mxarisaTvis Cabarebis (Sety-
618
obinebis) am kodeqsis VIII TaviT dadgenili

wesi.
1. 233-e muxlis pirveli nawilis g punqtis
Tanaxmad sasamarTlos dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis
gamotana dauSvebelia, Tu g) gamoucxadebel mxares
droulad ar ecnoba saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis
Sesaxeb.
es qvepunqti ar gamoiyeneba da, maSasadame,
dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gamotanili
iqnes iseT SemTxvevebSi, rodesac reketuli, qurduli
CamorTmevis Taobaze warmoebuli saqmeebis
ganxilvisas mopasuxeebis mimarT gamocxadda Zebna.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad dauswrebeli
gadawyvetilebis asli egzavneba im mxares, romelic ar
gamocxadda sasamarTloSi da, maSasadame, romlis
mimarTac gamotanilia dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba.
gansazRvrulia agreTve am aslis gagzavnis vada - 5 dRe
dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanidan.
3. me-3 nawili Seicavs mniSvnelovan praqtikul
danawess: im SemTxvevaSiac ki, rodesac mopasuxis
mimarT gamocxadebulia Zebna, uwyeba calkeuli
saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebisa, Tu sasamarTlos
mTavari sxdomis Sesaxeb mxares egzavneba 70-78-e
muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.
T a v i
XLIV
administraciuli da saxelmwifo samarTlebrivi

urTierTobidan warmoSobili saqmeebis
ganxilvis Taviseburebani
muxli 357-363.
amoRebulia saqarTvelos 1999 wlis 10 dekembris
kanoniT.
619
wigni mesame
sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa
gasaCivreba
kari merve
apelacia
T a v i
XLV
apelaciis dasaSveboba
muxli 364. saapelacio saCivris
Setana
sasamarTlos pirveli instanciiT gamotanili gadawyvetileba mxareebma da mesame
pirebma damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT SeiZleba kanoniT dadgenil vadaSi
gaasaCivron saapelacio sasamarTloSi
1. es muxli gansazRvravs or fundamentur sakiTxs:
a) saapelacio gasaCivrebis obieqts, anu sasamarTlos
romeli gadawyvetilebebi SeiZleba gasaCivrdes saapelacio sasamarTloSi da b) saapelacio saCivris uflebis subieqtebs, anu vin SeiZleba gaasaCivros saapelacio wesiT sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi.
a) saapelacio saCivris obieqti SeiZleba iyos raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTloebis maT Soris magistrati mosamarTlis gadawyvetilebebi, amave sasamarTloebis mier gamotanili ganCinebebi dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Taobaze Setanili saCivris
dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmisa da misi ZalaSi datovebis Sesaxeb (240-e muxlis me-3 nawili) da maTi ganmeorebiTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebebi (366-e muxlis
me-2 nawili).
620
b) saapelacio saCivris uflebis subieqtebia mxareebi, e. i. mosarCele da mopasuxe, agreTve mesame piri damoukidebeli moTxovniT.
saapelacio gasaCivrebis subieqtebia agreTve Tanamonawileebi (TanamosarCeleebi, Tanamopasuxeebi),
romlebic sargebloben yvela im saproceso uflebiT,
romlebic am kodeqsis Tanaxmad miniWebuli aqvT mxareebs (87-e muxli).
_ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac Tanamonawileobis safuZvels warmoadgens saerTo ufleba (86-e muxlis à~ qvepunqti), e. i. sarCelis sagania saerTo ufleba, maSin
erT-erT mosarCeles SeuZlia Seitanos saapelacio saCivari gadawyvetilebaze nebismier farglebSi. igive
SeuZlia erT-erT mopasuxes (Tanamopasuxes), roca valdebuleba solidarulia. magram im SemTxvevaSi, roca
erT sarCelSi gaerTianebulia sxvadasxva mosarCelis
sxvadasxva moTxovna sxvadasxva an erTi da igive mopasuxis mimarT, maSin erT-erT mosarCeles (TanamosarCeles) SeuZlia gaasaCivros gadawyvetileba im nawilSi, romelic erT sarCelSi gaerTianebul mis moTxovnas exeba. igive wesi unda gavrceldes Tanamopasuxeebzec, rodesac maT mimarT aRZrulia ara erTiani, aramed sxvadasxva (gancalkevebuli) moTxovnebi.
_ Tu saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi mindobili aqvs
erT-erT Tanamonawiles (87-e muxlis me-2 nawili) gasaCivrebis uflebamosilebiT, maSin mas SeuZlia gaasaCivros gadawyvetileba rogorc mTlianad, ise nawilobriv.
_ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT gansazRvrulia iseTi piris uflebebi da movaleobebi, romelic ar figurirebda saqmeSi arc mxared, arc mesame pirad damoukidebeli moTxovniT, arc
Tanamonawiled, arc uflebamonacvled da aqedan gamomdinare arc saqmeSi yofila Cabmuli da arc dabarebuli (mowveuli), aseT pirs unda mieces ufleba gaasaCivros gadawyvetileba, radgan darRveulia misi
fundamenturi ufleba, monawileoba miiRos sasa621
marTloSi im saqmis ganxilvaSi, romelic mis uflebas Seexeba.

nebismier pirs, romelic araa moxseniebuli gadawyvetilebaSi, magram romelsac miaCnia, rom am gadawyvetilebiT dairRva an Seilaxa misi uflebebi, SeuZlia
mimarTos sasamarTlos sarCeliT am uflebis dasacavad da ara saCivriT am gadawyvetilebaze.
_ rac Seexeba uflebamonacvles (92-e muxli), mas
SeuZlia Seasrulos yvela is saproceso moqmedeba (maT
Soris gaasaCivros gadawyvetileba), romlis Sesrulebis ufleba eqneboda mis winamorbeds, rom ar gasuliyo saqmidan.
amrigad, gadawyvetilebis saapelacio wesiT gasaCivrebis ufleba aqvT: mxareebs (mosarCeles, mopasuxes),
mesame pirebs damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT,
maT uflebamonacvleebs, Tanamonawileebs (TanamosarCeleebs, Tanamopasuxeebs) maTi Tanamonawileobis
safuZvlebiT gansazRvrul farglebSi, pirebs, romlebic, marTalia, ar figurireben saqmeSi rogorc
mxareebi, magram sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT ganisazRvra maTi uflebebi da movaleobebi erT-erTi mxaris mimarT.
aq CamoTvlil pirTa warmomadgenels SeuZlia gaasaCivros gadawyvetileba, Tu amis Sesaxeb pirdapiraa
miTiTebuli mis saxelze marwmuneblis mier gacemul
mindobilobaSi (98-e muxli).
2. gadawyvetilebis saapelacio wesiT gasaCivrebis
vada aris 14 dRe, romlis gagrZeleba (aRdgena) ar SeiZleba (369-e muxli).

Rirebuleba
saapelacio saCivari qonebriv-samarTlebriv
davebSi dasaSvebia im SemTxvevaSi, Tu davis
sagnis Rirebuleba aRemateba 1 000 lars.
es Rirebuleba ganisazRvreba imis mixedviT,
622
Tu gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis ra zomiT

Secvlaze Seaqvs saCivari mxares.
_ es muxli gansazRvravs saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobis mxolod erT pirobas _ mis Rirebulebas
qonebriv samarTlebriv davebSi.
_ saapelacio saCivris Rirebulebis gansazRvrisas
saapelacio sasamarTlom unda ixelmZRvanelos ori
saproceso dokumentiT: sarCeliT, romelSic Camoyalibebulia mosarCelis moTxovna (sarCelis sagani) da
gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebiT.
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sasarCelo moTxovna ganisazRvreba fuladi TanxiT, romelic ar aRemateba 1000
lars, maSin cxadia, rom saapelacio saCivari ar SeiZleba aRematebodes am Tanxas da igi dauSvebelia. aseve advilad gairkveva da gadawydeba es sakiTxi, roca
fuladi Tanxa aRemateboda 1000 lars da sasamarTlom
nawilobriv daakmayofila sarCeli. Tu gadawyvetilebiT dakmayofilebuli nawili aRemateba 1000 lars, mopasuxes SeuZlia gaasaCivros gadawyvetileba am nawilSi, magram Tu gadawyvetilebiT daukmayofilebeli nawili ar aRemateba 1000 lars, mosarCelis saapelacio
saCivari gadawyvetilebis am nawilze dauSvebeli iqneba.
saapelacio saCivris Rirebulebis gansazRvra SeiZleba garTuldes, rodesac sasarCelo moTxovnis Sinaarsi ganisazRvreba ara fuladi TanxiT, aramed nivTebiT an sxva vadiani Tu uvado gasacemiTa da gadasaxdeliT da a. S. davis sagnis fasis gansazRvris wesi Camoyalibebulia me-40-42-e muxlebSi (ix. am muxlebis komentari). kerZod, davis sagnis fass miuTiTebs mosarCele, magram Tu mis mier miTiTebuli fasi ar Seesabameba
sadavo qonebis namdvil Rirebulebas, maSin am fass gansazRvravs mosamarTle (me-40 muxli). davis sagnis fasis gansazRvrisas mxedvelobaSi miiReba sarCelis Setanis dros arsebuli fasebi, xolo gadawyvetilebis
623
gasaCivrebisas _ `saCivris Setanis droisaTvis arsebuli fasebi~ (me-40 muxlis me-3 nawili).
_ aqedan gamomdinare, sarCelis fasi da saapelacio
saCivris fasi SeiZleba ar daemTxves erTmaneTs imis
gamo, rom saapelacio saCivris wardgenis dros sadavo
nivTebis fasebi Semcirda an, piriqiT, gaizarda.
saapelacio saCivris Rirebulebis gansazRvra SeiZleba kidev ufro garTuldes, rodesac gasaCivrebuli
gadawyvetilebiT mosarCeles miekuTvna mxolod nawili qonebisa (nivTebisa), xolo nawilze uari eTqva. am
SemTxvevaSi wamoiWreba sakiTxi, ra Rirebulebisaa qonebis is nawili, romelzec uari eTqva an romelTa mimarTac sarCeli dakmayofilda.
_ Tu saCivris Rirebulebis moculoba iwvevs eWvs,
maSin am Rirebulebis sarwmunod damtkicebis (dadasturebis) tvirTi ekisreba apelants. Rirebulebis moculobis dasadastureblad apelantma SeiZleba warudginos saapelacio sasamarTlos specialistis daskvna, amonakrebi presis furclebidan, romelSic miTiTebulia sadavo nivTebis sabazro Rirebuleba, oficialurad damtkicebuli preiskurantebi da a. S.

gadawyvetilebis saapelacio wesiT
gasaCivrebis dauSvebloba
1. dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba ar SeiZleba gaasaCivros saapelacio wesiT im mxarem, romlis winaaRmdegac aris igi gamotanili.
2. saapelacio saCivari dasaSvebia mxolod iseTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis
mimarT, romelic gamotanilia ganmeorebiT
dauswreblobis Semdeg, ris gamoc igi aRar
SeiZleba gasaCivrdes am gadawyvetilebis
gamomtan sasamarTloSi. aseTi gadawyvetileba saapelacio wesiT SeiZleba gasaCivr624
des mxolod im safuZvliT, rom ar arsebobda ganmeorebiTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanisaTvis Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi wanamZRvrebi.
1. am muxlis pirvel nawils mxedvelobaSi aqvs pirveli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, romelic SeiZleba gasaCivrdes ara saapelacio wesiT, aramed imave sasamarTloSi (236-e muxli). saapelacio wesiT SeiZleba
gasaCivrdes mxolod sasamarTlos ganCineba saCivris
dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb (240-e muxlis me3 nawili).
2. ar aris gamoricxuli iseTi viTareba, rodesac erTi da igive piris mimarT gamotanilia ori dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba da arc erTi ar aris gauqmebuli an
pirveli gauqmebulia, magram meore ara.
magaliTad, sasamarTlo sxdomaze ar gamocxadda
mxare. sasamarTlom gamoitana mis winaaRmdeg dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba. es gadawyvetileba gaasaCivra
am mxarem. sasamarTlom kvlav gamoitana mis mimarT meore dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. es meore gadawyvetileba
SeiZleba gaasaCivros am mxarem mxolod saapelacio wesiT.
SeiZleba Seiqmnas sxvagvari viTarebac: mxarem, romelmac gaasaCivra pirveli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, gamocxadda misi saCivris ganxilvaze. ganxilvis
Sedegad dadasturda, rom gamoucxadebloba gamowveuli iyo sapatio mizeziT. sasamarTlom gamoitana ganCineba dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebisa da
saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb (241-e muxli). mxareTa TxovniT amave sxdomaze sarCelis ganxilva ar Sedga da
dainiSna am saqmis arsebiTad ganxilvisaTvis sxva dRe.
magram am sxdomaze kvlav ar gamocxadda momCivani mxare. mis mimarT meored (ganmeorebiT) gamotanil iqna dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba. aseT SemTxvevaSi, marTa625
lia mis mimarT arsebobs ara ori, aramed erTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, radgan pirveli dauswrebeli
gadawyvetileba mis mimarT gauqmebulia, magram miuxedavad amisa, am mxares SeuZlia mimarTos saCivriT mxolod saapelacio (da ara imave) sasamarTlos.
_ meore (ganmeorebiT) dauswrebel gadawyvetilebaze Setanili saapelacio saCivari SeiZleba emyarebodes 241-e muxlSi miTiTebul garemoebebs, romelTa arsebobis SemTxvevaSi kanoni krZalavs dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanas saerTod (ix. am muxlis komentari).
muxli 367. sasamarTlo, romelSic

SeiZleba saapelacio saCivris Setana
werilobiTi formiT Sedgenili saapelacio saCivari Setanil unda iqnes im sasamarTloSi, romelmac gamoitana saapelacio wesiT gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba.
_ praqtikuli sakiTxi, romelic SeiZleba wamoiWras
am muxlis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT, mdgomareobs
SemdegSi: iTvleba Tu ara saapelacio saCivari Setanilad im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac igi Setanilia ara im sasamarTloSi, romelmac gamoitana saapelacio wesiT gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba, aramed uSualod saapelacio sasamarTloSi?
am kiTxvas dadebiTad unda vupasuxoT: saapelacio
saCivari unda CaiTvalos Setanilad im SemTxvevaSic,
roca igi SeaqvT uSualod saapelacio sasamarTloSi.
am saCivris miuReblobiT da misi apelantisaTvis
ukan dabrunebiT, rac sakmaod did dros moiTxovs, apelantma SeiZleba gauSvas gasaCivrebisaTvis kanoniT
dadgenili dro da dakargos apelaciis ufleba. faqtiurad es iqneboda sruliad gaumarTlebeli da araTanazomieri sasjeli mxolod imisaTvis, rom apelan-
626
tma mimarTa uSualod im sasamarTlos, romelmac unda

ganixilos saCivari.
amrigad, saapelacio saCivari vadaSi Semotanilad iTvleba im SemTxvevaSic, roca igi Setanilia uSualod saapelacio sasamarTloSi. saapelacio sasamarTlom unda gamoiTxovos Sesabamisi sasamarTlodan saqme da Seamowmos
saCivris dasaSveboba da dasabuTebuloba ise, rogorc
amas igi akeTebs, roca saapelacio saCivars saqmesTan erTad iRebs pirveli instanciis sasamarTlodan.

Sinaarsi
1. saapelacio saCivari unda Seicavdes:
a) im sasamarTlos dasaxelebas, romlis
saxelzedac aris Sedgenili saCivari;
b) im piris dasaxelebasa da misamarTs,
romelsac Seaqvs saCivari;
g) gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis zust
dasaxelebasa da miTiTebas am gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTloze;
d) miTiTebas imis Taobaze, Tu gadawyvetilebis ra nawilia gasaCivrebuli;
e) miTiTebas, Tu raSi mdgomareobs gadawyvetilebis usworoba da konkretulad
ras moiTxovs saapelacio saCivris Semtani
piri;
v) miTiTebas garemoebebze, romlebic asabuTeben saapelacio saCivars, da mtkicebulebebze, romelebic adastureben am garemoebebs;
z) saapelacio saCivarze darTuli werilobiTi masalebis nusxas.
2. saapelacio saCivari, agreTve damatebiT Semosuli masalebi sasamarTlos waredgineba imdeni aslis darTviT, ramdeni
monawilec aris saqmeSi.
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3. saapelacio saCivars xels awers misi

Semtani piri an warmomadgeneli.
4. Tu uflebamosilebis damadasturebeli sabuTi saqmeSi ar aris, warmomadgenlis mier Setanil saapelacio saCivars unda daerTos saapelacio saCivris Setanaze
misi uflebamosilebis damadasturebeli mindobiloba.
5. Tu saapelacio saCivari ar upasuxebs
zemoCamoTvlil moTxovnebs an saxelmwifo
baJi ar aris gadaxdili, sasamarTlo avalebs saCivris Semtan pirs Seavsos xarvezi,
risTvisac mas vadas uniSnavs. Tu am vadaSi
xarvezi ar iqneba Sevsebuli, saapelacio
saCivari aRar miiReba.
1. es muxli gansazRvravs saapelacio saCivris savaldebulo rekvizitebs (Semadgenel elementebs), romelTa erToblioba qmnis saapelacio saCivris Sinaarss.
a) saapelacio saCivris adresati aris saapelacio sasamarTlo. amitom, saapelacio saCivari Tumca Setanil
unda iqnes im sasamarTloSi, romelmac gamoitana gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba (367-e muxli), magram saapelacio saCivari unda Seicavdes im saapelacio sasamarTlos dasaxelebas, romelmac unda ganixilos saCivari.
b) saapelacio saCivari SeiZleba Seitanos uSualod
dainteresebulma mxarem an misma warmomadgenelma. amitom, saapelacio saCivari unda Seicavdes im piris dasaxelebas da misamarTs, visac Seaqvs saCivari. Tu saapelacio saCivari Seaqvs warmomadgenels (ix. am muxlis
me-3 da me-4 nawilebi), maSin saCivarSi miTiTebuli unda iyos am warmomadgenlis dasaxeleba da misamarTi,
rac cxadia ar gamoricxavs, rom paralelurad miTiTebuli iyos marwmuneblis dasaxeleba da misamarTi.
g) saapelacio saCivari unda Seicavdes gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis ara marto dasaxelebas, aramed mas
628
Tan unda erTvodes am gadawyvetilebis saTanadod damowmebuli asli.

d) saapelacio sasamarTlo SeboWilia saapelacio saCivris farglebiT (377-e muxli). cxadia, rom saapelacio saCivarSi naTlad da garkveviT unda iyos miTiTebuli, Tu gadawyvetilebis romeli nawilia gasaCivrebuli, roca igi mxolod nawilobriv da ara mTlianad
saCivrdeba.
e) saapelacio sasamarTlos, saCivris farglebSi, SeuZlia Seamowmos gadawyvetilebis rogorc faqtobrivi, ise iuridiuli mxare (377-e muxli).
amitom, gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens saapelacio saCivarSi imis naTlad Camoyalibeba, Tu konkretulad raSi gamoixateba gadawyvetilebis usworoba.
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac apelantis TvalsazrisiT
gadawyvetileba araa dasabuTebuli faqtobrivad,
maSin igi valdebulia miuTiTos, Tu raSi gamoixateba
konkretulad faqtobrivi dausabuTebloba (arasworadaa gansazRvruli mtkicebis sagani, arasworadaa ganawilebuli mxareTa Soris mtkicebis tvirTi, sasamarTlos daskvnebi faqtebis arseboba-ararsebobis Sesaxeb
ar emyareba saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebebs, gadawyvetilebaSi araa miTiTebuli, Tu ratom uaryo (ar gaiziara) sasamarTlom saqmeSi arsebuli esa Tu is mtkicebuleba da a. S.).
_ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac apelantis TvalsazrisiT
gadawyvetileba araa dasabuTebuli iuridiulad, maSin igi valdebulia miuTiTos, Tu konkretulad raSi
vlindeba gadawyvetilebis iuridiuli dausabuTebloba, kerZod, romeli kanonia darRveuli da raSi gamoixateba es darRveva (gamoiyena kanoni, romelic ar unda gamoeyenebina, arasworad gaigo kanonis azri da Sinaarsi da a. S. ix. 393-e muxlis komentari).
aqve miTiTebuli unda iyos imis Sesaxeb, Tu ras moiTxovs apelanti: gadawyvetilebis gauqmebas da saqmis xelaxla ganxilvas, gadawyvetilebis gauqmebas da
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saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetas Tu sarCelis ganuxilvelad

datovebas.
v) cxadia, rom gadawyvetilebis mxolod faqtobriv
Tu samarTlebriv usworobaze (dausabuTeblobaze) miTiTeba ar kmara. saCivarSi aucileblad unda iyos miTiTebuli garemoebebze, romlebic asabuTeben gadawyvetilebis faqtobriv Tu samarTlebriv usworobas
(dausabuTeblobas), agreTve mtkicebulebebze, romlebic adastureben am garemoebebs. saapelacio saCivarSi SeiZleba miTiTebuli iyos saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebebze, romlebic ar Seafasa gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gamomtanma sasamarTlom, arasworad Seafasa an ar miuTiTa, Tu ratom uaryo igi. amasTan erTad, apelants SeuZlia warmoadginos saapelacio sasamarTloSi axali mtkicebulebebi (382-e muxli), romelTa miRebis sakiTxs wyvets saapelacio sasamarTlo
kanoniT dadgenili pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT (380e da 382-e muxlebi). es axali mtkicebulebebi, Tu isini
miTiTebulia saapelacio saCivarSi, unda erTvodes am
saCivars, magram isini SeiZleba warmodgenil iqnes mogvianebiTac, Tu apelanti ama Tu im mizezis gamo ver aswrebs maT warmodgenas saCivarTan erTad. mxedvelobaSia werilobiTi da nivTieri mtkicebulebebi, agreTve eqspertis daskvna, Sedgenili apelantis TxovniT.
rac Seexeba axlad dasaxelebul mowmeebs, isini SeiZleba gamoiZaxos saapelacio sasamarTlom am kodeqsis
380-e muxlis me-2 nawilis moTxovnaTa dacviT (ix. am
muxlis komentari) da dakiTxos am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT (140-153-e muxlebi).
z) erTi SexedviT, am qvepunqtis miTiTeba (danawesi) arc ise mniSvnelovania. sinamdvileSi misi Sesruleba Tavidan agvacdens mTel rig seriozul gaugebrobebs, romlebsac zogjer adgili aqvs praqtikaSi, rodesac apelanti acxadebs, rom man Tan daurTo saCivars esa Tu is masala, magram ratomRac igi saqmeSi aRaraa.
aqedan gamomdinare, saapelacio sasamarTlom saa630
pelacio saCivris miRebisas unda Seamowmos, ramdenad

Seesabameba am saCivarSi miTiTebuli nusxa (CamonaTvali) im werilobiT (nivTier) masalebs, romlebic namdvilad erTvis am saCivars.
_ im SemTxvevaSi, Tu gamovlindeba Seusabamoba saCivris nusxasa da masze darTul masalebs Soris, saapelacio sasamarTlom dauyovnebliv unda acnobos amis
Sesaxeb apelants Tavisi ganCinebiT xarvezis Sevsebis
Sesaxeb.
2. saapelacio saCivari da TandarTuli sabuTebis aslebi egzavneba mowinaaRmdege mxares (373-e muxli). amiTaa ganpirobebuli apelantis movaleoba warmoadginos
saapelacio saCivari da masze darTuli an mogvianebiT
warmodgenili masalebi imdeni aslis raodenobiT, ramdeni mowinaaRmdegec aris saqmeSi.
3. saapelacio saCivari SeiZleba Seitanos rogorc
uSualod mxarem, ise misma warmomadgenelma. saCivars
xels awers is, visac Seaqvs saCivari.
4. warmomadgenelma rom Seitanos saapelacio saCivari, amisaTvis ar kmara mxolod warmomadgenloba.
amis Taobaze aucilebelia specialurad iyos aRniSnuli mindobilobaSi (98-e muxli). amitom, saapelacio sasamarTlom yovelTvis unda Seamowmos mindobiloba,
xolo Tu aseTi mindobiloba araa saqmeSi, maSin igi unda erTvodes saapelacio saCivars.
_ iseT SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saapelacio saCivari
Semoaqvs Tumca mxaris warmomadgenels, magram romelsac ar aqvs aseTi saCivris wardgenis uflebamosileba, maSin sasamarTlom aseT warmomadgenels unda
dauniSnos vada xarvezis Sesavsebad Tavisi ganCinebiT.
magram, Tu saCivari Semoaqvs sruliad gareSe pirs,
romelic arc adre da arc amJamad ar monawileobda saqmeSi da ar gaaCnia warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosileba _ saapelacio sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos ganCineba saCivris ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb (374-e
muxli). xarvezis Sevsebaze SeiZleba vilaparakoT mxolod maSin, roca saCivari Semoaqvs mxares an mis warmo631
madgenels, romelsac ar gaaCnia specialuri uflebamosileba amisaTvis, an mas ar aqvs ufleba gamovides warmomadgenlad saapelacio (sakasacio) sasamarTloSi
(440-e muxli).
5. xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb saapelacio sasamarTlos
gamoaqvs ganCineba. apelants SeuZlia sTxovos sasamarTlos xarvezis SevsebisaTvis ganCinebiT daniSnuli vadis gagrZeleba mxolod konkretuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesasruleblad daniSnul vadis amowurvamde. saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi iniciativiTac gaagrZelos es vada (64-e muxli). magram, Tu vada
ar gagrZelebula, an vada gavida, saapelacio sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba saapelacio saCivris ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb misi dauSveblobis gamo (374-e
muxli). aseT SemTxvevaSi apelants ubrundeba mis mier
Semotanili saxelmwifo baJi.

Setanis vada
1. saapelacio saCivris Setanis vada Seadgens 14 dRes. am vadis gagrZeleba (aRdgena) ar SeiZleba da igi iwyeba mxarisTvis
dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis gadacemis
momentidan. dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis gadacemis momentad iTvleba dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis aslis mxarisTvis
Cabareba am kodeqsis 70-e-78-e muxlebis
Sesabamisad.
2. Tu dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebas eswreba saapelacio saCivris Setanis uflebis mqone piri, saapelacio saCivris Setanis vada iwyeba misi gamocxadebis
momentidan.
1. saapelacio saCivris Setanis 14 dRiani vadis arc
gagrZeleba da arc aRdgena ar SeiZleba. amitom, kidev
632
ufro did praqtikul mniSvnelobas iZens imis zustad

gansazRvra, Tu saidan iwyeba saapelacio saCivris
Setanis vada da saidan - am vadis dena.
saapelacio saCivris Setanis vadis dasawyisi ganisazRvreba mxarisaTvis dasabuTebuli (motivirebuli) gadawyvetilebis gadacemis momentiT, xolo, Tu
dasabuTebuli gadawyvetileba iqna gamocxadebuli,
maSin es vada iwyeba gamocxadebis momentidan oRond
im pirobiT, Tu saapelacio saCivris Setanis uflebis
mqone piri eswreboda gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebas.
dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis mxarisaTvis gadacemis momentad iTvleba am gadawyvetilebis damowmebuli aslis xelze micema mxarisaTvis an misi warmomadgenlisaTvis uSvalod sasamarTloSi, rac man
unda daadasturos Sedgenil xelwerilze sakuTari
xelmoweriTa da TariRis miTiTebiT, an misi mxarisaTvis gadagzavnis dro. gagzavnis drod miCneuli
unda iqnes dro, rodesac gadawyvetilebis asli 70-78e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT gadaegzavna mxares,
oRond saqmeSi aucileblad unda iyos damadasturebeli cnoba, rom am wesiT gagzavnili gadawyvetilebis asli Cabarda adresats.
2. es muxli gansazRvravs saapelacio saCivris Setanis vadis dasawyiss, magram ar gansazRvravs Tu saidan iwyeba vadis dena. es imitom, rom vadis denis
dasawyiss zogadad gansazRvravs me-60 muxlis meore
nawili (ix.am muxlis komentari), romlis Tanaxmad wleebiT, TveebiT an dReebiT gamosaTvleli saproceso vadis dena iwyeba im kalendaruli TariRis an movlenis
dadgomis momdevno dRidan, romliTac gansazRvrulia
misi dasawyisi.
es ki imas niSnavs, rom Tu saapelacio saCivris Setanis vada iwyeba dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis gadacemis an gamocxadebis momentidan, maSin am saCivris
Setanis vadis dena iwyeba am momentis momdevno dRidan. magaliTad, dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis gadacema moxda 10 seqtembers. maSasadame 10 seqtemberi
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aris gasaCivrebis vadis dasawyisi. vadis denis aTvla

ki daiwyeba momdevno dRidan, e.i. 11 seqtembridan da
damTavrdeba 24 seqtembers saRamos 12 saaTze.
saproceso vadis dasawyisisa da am vadis denis (aTvlis) dasawyisis kanoniT dadgenili wesis ganuxrelad
dacvis sakiTxi ganmtkicebuli aqvs saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa sakasacio palatas Tavis erT-erT ganCinebaSi.57
muxli 370. saapelacio gasaCivrebaze

uaris Tqma
Tu gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebis Semdeg
mxare sasamarTlos an mowinaaRmdege mxares werilobiTi formiT ganucxadebs uars
saapelacio gasaCivrebaze, saapelacio saCivari aRar daiSveba.
_ saapelacio gasaCivrebaze uaris Tqma mxaris uflebaa. am uflebis realizacias ukavSirdeba garkveuli iuridiuli Sedegi, kerZod, mxare romelmac aseTi
uari ganacxada, kargavs uflebas gaasaCivros gadawyvetileba saapelacio wesiT.
_ gasaCivrebaze uaris Tqma dasaSvebia warmomadgenlis meSveobiTac, oRond im pirobiT, Tu mas eqneba amaze specialuri uflebamosileba.
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo
saqmeTa sakasacio palatam araerTgzis miuTiTa,
rom saapelacio saCivari ar daiSveba mxolod im
SemTxvevaSi, Tu aseT gasaCivrebaze uari Tqva mxarem an mis mier specialurad uflebamosilma pirma.58
_ gasaCivrebaze uaris Tqma dasaSvebia rogorc ga-
57
58
ix. susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2005, #4, gv.3-4

susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze , 2005, #3, gv.242
634
dawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis, ise motivirebuli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis Semdeg.

_ saapelacio gasaCivrebaze uaris Tqma dasaSvebia
mxolod werilobiTi formiT, magram Tu aseTi uari zepirad iqna gamoTqmuli gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebisTanave, igi Setanil unda iqnes oqmSi da dadasturdes
gamncxadebeli mxaris xelmoweriT. amasTan erTad, mas
unda ganemartos, rom igi kargavs saapelacio saCivris
Semotanis uflebas. amitom misi saCivari, Tu igi miuxedavad amisa, mainc iqneba Semotanili, ganuxilvelad
darCeba dauSveblobis gamo (ix. 374-e da 378-e muxlebis
komentari).
_ mxare, romelmac uari ganacxada saapelacio gasaCivrebaze, kvlav moipovebs am uflebas, Tu mowinaaRmdege mxare, romelsac uari ar uTqvams gasaCivrebaze,
Semoitans saapelacio saCivars Segebebuli saapelacio
saCivris formiT kanoniT dadgenil vadaSi (379-e muxli).
muxli 371. saqmis gadagzavna

saapelacio sasamarTloSi
saapelacio saCivris Sesvlis Semdeg pirveli instanciis sasamarTlo dauyovnebliv
gadaugzavnis saapelacio sasamarTlos
mTlianad saqmes, agreTve damatebiT Semosul yvela masalas.
_ pirveli instanciis sasamarTlo ar amowmebs saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobis sakiTxs da saqmes saCivarTan erTad agzavnis dauyovnebliv saapelacio sasamarTloSi.
_ Tu saapelacio saCivari Setanilia ara gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTloSi, aramed
uSualod saapelacio sasamarTloSi, maSin saapelacio
sasamarTlom saqme unda gamoiTxovos Sesabamisi sasamarTlodan (ix. 367-e muxlis komentari).
635
T a v i
XLVI
saqmis warmoeba saapelacio sasamarTloSi

muxli 372. zogadi debulebani
saqmis ganxilva saapelacio sasamarTloSi
warmoebs im wesebis dacviT, rac dadgenilia pirveli instanciiT saqmeTa ganxilvisaTvis, am TavSi mocemuli cvlilebebiTa
da damatebebiT.
_ am muxliT ganmtkicebulia mniSvnelovani wesi,
romlis Tanaxmad saapelacio sasamarTlo, marTalia,
aris meore instanciis sasamarTlo, romelic amowmebs
pirveli instanciis sasamarTloebis gadawyvetilebaTa faqtobriv da iuridiul dasabuTebulobas, magram
saqmeTa ganxilvisas igi xelmZRvanelobs im wesebiT,
rac dadgenilia pirveli instanciis sasamarTloebSi
saqmeTa ganxilvisaTvis.
_ amasTan erTad, saqmeTa ganxilva saapelacio sasamarTloebSi xasiaTdeba garkveuli TaviseburebebiT,
rac ganpirobebulia am sasamarTlos amocanebiTa da
funqciebiT. swored es Taviseburebania Camoyalibebuli am TavSi.
muxli 373. saqmis momzadeba

saapelacio sasamarTlos mTavar
sxdomaze gansaxilvelad
1. saqmes saapelacio sasamarTlos mTavar
sxdomaze gansaxilvelad amzadebs saapelacio sasamarTlos erT-erTi mosamarTle
(momxsenebeli mosamarTle), romelic amowmebs saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobas da
gamoaqvs Sesabamisi ganCineba, gadaugzavnis
mowinaaRmdege mxares saapelacio saCivrisa
636
da TandarTuli sabuTebis aslebs da dauniSnavs mas vadas werilobiTi Sesageblis

warmosadgenad, romelic unda Seicavdes
pasuxs Semdeg kiTxvebze: eTanxmeba Tu ara
saapelacio saCivris moTxovnebs; Tu ar
eTanxmeba ra garemoebebs emyareba misi
Sesagebeli; xom ar apirebs Segebebuli
saapelacio saCivris Semotanas, axali faqtebisa da axali mtkicebulebebis warmodgenas da Tu apirebs, ra mizeziT ar warmoadgina isini pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisas. axal faqtebsa da mtkicebulebebs saapelacio sasamarTlo miiRebs am kodeqsis 380-e da 382-e
muxlebis moTxovnaTa dacviT.
2. momxsenebel mosamarTles SeuZlia Seasrulos kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli sxva saproceso moqmedebebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofs
saqmis swrafad da sworad ganxilvas. mas
SeuZlia agreTve daniSnos mosamzadebeli
sxdoma am kodeqsis 205-e muxlis Sesabamisad. saapelacio mosamarTle iRebs zomebs
saqmis morigebiT damTavrebis mizniT.
1. es muxli amkvidrebs praqtikuli TvlsazrisiT
metad mniSvnelovan wess, romlis Tanaxmad saapelacio
saCivris dasaSvebobas amowmebs saapelacio sasamarTlos mosamarTle erTpirovnulad, rogorc wesi es
iqneba momxsenebeli mosamarTle da, rac aranakleb
mniSvnelovania, am saCivris safuZvelze Semosul
saqmes mTavar sxdomaze gansaxilvelad amzadebs es mosamarTle aseve erTpirovnulad, saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobis Semowmebisa da saapelacio sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze gansaxilvelad momzadebis
aseTi wesi udavod Seuwyobs xels saapelacio saCivris
droulad ganxilvasa da sworad gadawyvetas.
- saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobis Semowmebis
637
mizniT mosamarTlem unda Seamowmos yvela im pirobis

arseboba an ararseboba (dasaSvebobis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi winapirobebi), romlebsac kanoni ukavSirebs saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobas (ix.374-e muxlis komentari). Tu aseTi Semowmebis Sedegad saapelacio sasamarTlos mosamarTle miva im daskvnamde, rom saapelacio saCivari dasaSvebia igi gamoitans ganCinebas saapelacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebis Sesaxeb da (ix. 374e muxlis komentari), iwyebs saqmis momzadebas saapelacio sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze gansaxilvelad.
saqmis saapelacio sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze
gansaxilvelad momzadebas ki sagangebo yuradReba
unda mieqces, radgan aseTi momzadebis xarisxze damokidebulia saqmis droulad, sworad da samarTlianad
ganxilva da gadawyveta.
saqmis momzadebis mizniT saapelacio sasamarTlos
mosamarTle Tavisi ganCinebiT:
1. 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT gadaugzavnis
mowinaaRmdege mxares (saapelacio mopasuxes) saapelacio saCivars da masze TandarTul sabuTebis aslebs.
2. mosamarTle amave ganCinebiT dauniSnavs saapelacio mopasuxes vadas, romlis ganmavlobaSiac man unda
warmoadginos werilobiT Sedgenili Sesagebeli (Sepasuxeba) saapelacio saCivarze.
3. es werilobiTi Sesagebeli unda Seicavdes pasuxs
Semdeg sakiTxebze;
a) rogor gaigo man saapelacio saCivris moTxovnebi,
romlebsac apelanti ayenebs da eTanxmeba Tu ara am
moTxovnebs mTlianad Tu nawilobriv;
b) Tu ar eTanxmeba saapelacio saCivarSi wamoyenebul moTxovnebs miuTiTos ratom ar eTanxmeba, anu
miuTiTos im garemoebebze, romelTa gamo ar eTanxmeba. es garemoebebi unda iyos rac SeiZleba naTlad da
amomwuravad miTiTebuli mopasuxis w erilobiT Sedgenil SesagebelSi, raTa mosamarTlem SeZlos maTi samarTlebrivi Sefaseba da amis safuZvelze sakiTxis
638
gadawyveta ramdenad mniSvnelovania iuridiulad es

garemoebebi saapelacio saCivris gasaqarwyleblad;
g) saqmeSi arsebuli an axlad warmodgenili romeli
mtkicebulebiT dasturdeba an SeiZleba dadasturdes
es garemoebebi;
d) xom ar apirebs Segebebuli saapelacio saCivris
Semotanas, xolo Tu apirebs afrTxilebs mas, rom es
dasaSvebia misTvis saapelacio saCivris gadacemidan
10 dRis vadaSi (ix.379-e muxlis komentari).
e) mosamarTle Tavisi ganCinebiT afrTxilebs saapelacio mopasuxes imis Sesaxeb, rom axali faqtebis,
agreTve axali mtkicebulebis wardgena saapelacio
sasamarTloSi dasaSvebia mxolod erTi aucilebeli
pirobiT: Tu isini ver iqna wardgenili pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi sapatio mizeziT. konkretul
mizezebze miTiTebuli unda iyos werilobiT
SesagebelSi, xolo Tu ramdenad sapatioa es mizezebi damokidebulia mosamarTlis Sinagan rwmenaze.
Tu saapelacio mopasuxis mier dasaxelebuli mizezebis Sefasebis Sedegad mosamarTle miva im daskvnamde, rom isini ar SeiZleba sapatio mizezebad CaiTvalos, man ar unda miiRos da ganixilos isini (ix.380-e da
382-e muxlebis komentari).
2. saqmis momzadebis mizniT am muxlis pirvel nawilSi CaomTvlili moqmedebebi araa amomwuravi, saapelacio saCivrisa da saqmis xasiaTisa da Sinaarsis mixedviT saapelacio mosamarTles SeuZlia Seasrulos sxva
saproceso moqmedebebi, misces saapelacio mopasuxes
sxva xasiaTis davalebebi.
saapelacio mosamarTles SeuZlia daniSnos mosamzadebeli sxdoma Tu arsebobs amisaTvis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebi (ix.205-e muxlis komentari).
Tu mosamzadebel sxdomaze mxareebi morigdebian,
saapelacio mosamarTle gamoitans ganCinebas mxareTa
morigebis damtkicebisa da am saqmeze adre miRebuli
gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb. am ganCinebaSi unda
aisaxos morigebis pirobebi anu romelma mxarem ra
639
konkretuli moqmedeba unda Seasrulos meore mxaris

sasargeblod (208-e muxli). im SemTxvevaSi, Tu apelanti uars ityvis saapelacio saCivarze (378-e muxli), saapelacio mosamarTle gamoitans ganCinebas saapelacio
warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb apelantis mier saapelacio saCivarze uaris Tqmis gamo.
ar aris gamoricxuli, rom mowinaamdege mxarem (saapelacio mopasuxem) cnos saapelacio saCivari, maSin
saapelacio mosamarTles SeuZlia gamoitanos gadawyvetileba (ganCineba) saapelacio saCivriT wamoyenebuli moTxovnis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb.
yvela SemTxvevaSi, saapelacio mosamarTles ganCinebebi gamoaqvs erTpirovnulad, magram saapelacio
sasamarTlos saxeliT anu rogorc saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCineba, romelzec xels awers mxolod am
ganCinebis gamomtani saapelacio mosamarTle.

dasaSvebobis Semowmeba
1. saapelacio saCivris Semosvlidan 10
dRis ganmavlobaSi saapelacio sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos, dasaSvebia Tu ara
saapelacio saCivari. Tu Semowmebis Sedegad aRmoCndeba, rom saapelacio saCivari
dasaSvebia, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba
saapelacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebis Sesaxeb. Tu saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobis esa Tu is piroba ar arsebobs,
sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba saapelacio saCivris ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb, romelzedac SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.
2. es ganCinebebi SeiZleba miRebul iqnes
saapelacio sasamarTlos mier saqmis zepiri ganxilvis gareSe.
640
1. am muxlSi miTiTebul vadaSi saapelacio sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobis yvela piroba, kerZod:
a) daculia Tu ara saapelacio saCivris wardgenis
14 dRiani vada (369-e muxli);
b) pasuxobs Tu ara saapelacio saCivris Sinaarsi kanonis moTxovnebs (368-e muxli);
g) Seesabameba Tu ara saapelacio saCivris Rirebuleba kanoniT gansazRvrul odenobas (365-e muxli);
d) aris Tu ara gasaCivrebuli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba ganmeorebiTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba
(366-e muxli);
e) aqvs Tu ara saCivris Semomtan warmomadgenels
gadawyvetilebis saapelacio wesiT gasaCivrebis uflebamosileba (368-e muxlis me-4 nawili);
v) gadaxdilia Tu ara saxelmwifo baJi;
z) uari xom ar aqvs naTqvami apelants saapelacio
gasaCivrebaze kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (370-e muxli).
_ Tu saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobis Semowmebis
Sedegad aRmoCndeba, rom arsebobs misi dasaSvebobis
yvela piroba, saapelacio sasamarTlo miiRebs ganCinebas `saapelacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebisa da
misi momzadebis Sesaxeb~. amave ganCinebiT igi niSnavs
saapelacio saCivris ganxilvis dResac (376-e muxli).
_ Tu saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobis yvela piroba ar arsebobs, saapelacio sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb, Tu xarvezi Tavisi
xasiaTiTa da SinaarsiT iseTia, rom misi Sevseba SesaZlebelia (magaliTad, saCivris Sinaarsis Camoyalibeba
kanonis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad, baJis gadaxda, warmomadgenlis mindobilobaSi gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis uflebamosilebis aRniSvna); Tu xarvezi saapelacio sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi ar iqneba Sevsebuli, an dasaSvebobis piroba iseTia, rom misi Sevseba SeuZlebelia (magaliTad, gasulia gasaCivrebis vada, apelants uari aqvs naTqvami saapelacio gasaCivrebaze, gasaCivrebuli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba araa
641
ganmeorebiTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba), maSin saapelacio sasamarTlos gamoaqvs `ganCineba saapelacio saCivris ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb misi
dauSveblobis gamo~. aseT SemTxvevaSi apelants ubrundeba mis mier Semotanili saxelmwifo baJi.
zemoT miTiTebul ganCinebebs saapelacio mosamarTle iRebs erTpirovnuldad, magram isini miiReba saapelacio sasamarTlos saxeliT, cxadia araa gamoricxuli rom es ganCinebebi miiRos saapelacio sasamarTloskolegiurma Semadgenlobam.
2. yvela ganCineba da, maT Soris, miTiTebuli ganCinebebi, romlebic SeiZleba miRebul iqnes zepiri ganxilvis gareSe da mxareTa Seutyobineblad, SeiZleba
miRebul iqnes mxareTa SetyobinebiTa da zepiri ganxilvis Sedegadac, Tu es sasamarTlos mizanSewonilad da saWirod miaCnia. kanoni uSvebs ganCinebis zepiri ganxilvis gareSe miRebis SesaZleblobas, magram
ar krZalavs am ganCinebis zepiri ganxilvis Sedegad miRebis SesaZleblobas.
_ kerZo saCivris Setana SeiZleba mxolod ganCinebaze saCivris ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb, magram ara
ganCinebaze saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebis Sesaxeb.

miRebis Sedegi
1. Tu arsebobs saapelacio saCivris yvela
winapiroba da igi miRebulia saapelacio
sasamarTlos mier, gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvla SeCerdeba
im nawilSi, romelic gasaCivrebulia.
2. Tu gasaCivrebulia gadawyvetileba, romelic dauyovnebliv unda aRsruldes, saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia droebiT
SeaCeros aRsruleba da gaauqmos aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebuli RonisZiebebi. ganCineba amis Taobaze SeiZleba gamotanil
642
iqnes zepiri ganxilvis gareSe. sasamarTlos SeuZlia aRsrulebis SeCereba, aRsrulebis RonisZiebis gauqmeba, agreTve aRsrulebis gagrZeleba uzrunvelyofis Sesabamisi garantiebis gamoyenebiT.
1. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saapelacio sasamarTlom
gamoitana `ganCineba saapelacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebisa da misi momzadebis Sesaxeb~, gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvla SeCerdeba im nawilSi, romelSic igi gasaCivrebulia. am ganCinebaSi imis Cawera, rom gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvla SeCerdes, aucilebeli araa. gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvla Cerdeba
ara sasamarTlos ganCinebis, aramed kanonis ZaliT.
2. es kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs mxaris SuamdgomlobiT gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis SesaZleblobas, sanam igi kanonier ZalaSi Sevidodes (268-e muxli).
_ Tu saapelacio saCivari Setanilia iseT gadawyvetilebaze, romlis mimarT gamotanilia ganCineba kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde misi dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis Sesaxeb, maSin saapelacio sasamarTlos apelantis
SuamdgomlobiT SeuZlia gamoitanos ganCineba gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis
droebiT SeCerebisa da aRsrulebis RonisZiebebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb.
_ saapelacio sasamarTlos mier aseTi ganCinebis miReba aucilebelia, radgan saapelacio saCivris Setana
avtomaturad ver SeaCerebs dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis
Sesaxeb adre gamotanili gadawyvetilebis moqmedebas.
amasTan erTad, saapelacio sasamarTlos mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT SeuZlia gamoiyenos aRsrulebis gauqmebiT, SeCerebiT, agreTve aRsrulebis gagrZelebiT mosalodneli zianis anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofa 57-e
da 268-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT dadgenili wesiT (ix. am
muxlebis komentari).
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muxli 376. saqmis ganxilvis daniSvna

saapelacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebis Sesaxeb ganCinebiT sasamarTlo gansazRvravs saqmis zepiri ganxilvis dros, ris
Sesaxebac mxareebs atyobinebs am ganCinebis miRebidan 3 dRis ganmavlobaSi. saapelacio sasamarTlo iRebs kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul yvela zomas, raTa saapelacio
saCivari ganxilul iqnes dadgenil vadaSi
_ saqmis zepiri ganxilvis dRis daniSvna xdeba saapelacio sasamarTlos `ganCinebiT saapelacio saCivris
gansaxilvelad miRebisa da misi momzadebis Sesaxeb~.
_ am muxlis moTxovnis Sesruleba ubiZgebs saapelacio sasamarTlos, saqmis sirTulisa da am saqmis momzadebis mizniT aucilebel saproceso moqmedebaTa
Sesrulebis gaTvaliswinebiT, winaswar ganWvritos, Tu
rodis iqneba SesaZlebeli saqmis mTavar sxdomaze zepiri ganxilva.
_ saapelacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebisa da
saqmis momzadebis Sesaxeb ganCinebis aslebs, romlebSic miTiTebulia saqmis (saapelacio saCivris) ganxilvis dro, sasamarTlo ugzavnis mxareebs.
_ saapelacio saCivris safuZvelze saqmeTa ganxilvis vada ganisazRvreba sasamarTloSi saqmeTa ganxilvis im vadebiT, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia 59-e muxlis me-3 nawiliT (ix. am muxlis komentari).
_ saapelacio sasamarTlom unda miiRos yvela zoma,
raTa saqmis ganxilva moxdes aRniSnuli ganCinebiT gaTvaliswinebul dRes. Tu raime mizezis gamo es ver xerxdeba, amis Sesaxeb unda ecnoboT mxareebs.
saapelacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebisa da saqmis momzadebis Sesaxeb ganCinebis aslebis gadagzavna
mxareebisaTvis ar aTavisuflebs saapelacio sasamarTlos movaleobisagan, gaugzavnos uwyeba mxareebs da
maT warmomadgenlebs, agreTve saqmis monawile sxva pi644
rebs saqmis ganxilvis dRis Sesaxeb 70-78-e muxlebiT

dadgenili wesiT.

Semowmebis farglebi
1. saapelacio sasamarTlo amowmebs gadawyvetilebas saapelacio saCivris farglebSi faqtobrivi da samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT.
2. samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT Semowmebisas sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobs 393-e
da 394-e muxlebis moTxovnebiT.
3. saapelacio sasamarTlos ganxilvis sagani SeiZleba iyos agreTve sasamarTlos
is ganCinebebi, romlebic gamotanilia saqmis pirvel instanciaSi ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT da romlebic win uswrebs sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gamotanas, imisagan damoukideblad, dasaSvebia Tu ara maT
mimarT kerZo saCivris Setana.
4. saapelacio sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos, eqvemdebareba Tu ara saqme sasamarTlos uwyebrivad da aqvs Tu ara mas mocemul konkretul saqmesTan dakavSirebiT saerTaSoriso kompetencia.
5. pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos gansjadobas saapelacio sasamarTlo Seamowmebs mxolod mopasuxis moTxovniT. aseTi
moTxovna dasaSvebia, Tu igi saqmis pirvel
instanciaSi ganxilvisas iyo wamoyenebuli
mopasuxis mier, an Tu arsebobs sapatio
mizezi, ris gamoc aseTi moTxovna ver iqna
wina instanciaSi wamoyenebuli.
1. saapelacio sasamarTlo SeboWilia saapelacio saCivris, anu am saCivarSi Camoyalibebuli apelantis
645
moTxovnis farglebiT. es imas niSnavs, rom gadawyvetilebis faqtobrivi Tu iuridiuli dasabuTebuloba

saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia Seamowmos saapelacio saCivris moTxovnasTan mimarTebaSi.
_ sauaresod Sebruneba, e. i. gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba an Secvla im nawilSi, romelic apelants ar
gausaCivrebia, an iseTnairad, rogorc mas ar wamouyenebia _ dauSvebelia (384-e muxli).
_ gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis faqtobrivi dasabuTebulobis Semowmebis dros sasamarTlom yuradReba unda miaqcios or garemoebas: a) romel faqtobriv garemoebas Tvlis sasamarTlo dadgenilad da amyarebs Tavis gadawyvetilebas gasaCivrebul nawilSi
da b) dasturdeba Tu ara es garemoebebi saqmeSi arsebuli an axlad warmodgenili mtkicebulebebiT.
2. gadawyvetilebis samarTlebrivi dasabuTebulobis Semowmebisas saapelacio sasamarTlom unda gansazRvros, sworad gamoiyena Tu ara gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gamomtanma sasamarTlom kanoni, e. i. iuridiulad sworad Seafasa Tu ara sasamarTlom is faqtobrivi garemoebebi, romlebic man dadgenilad CaTvala.
_ samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT Sefasebisas sasamarTlosaTvis mTavari orientiria 393-e muxli, romelic gansazRvravs, Tu ra SemTxvevaSi CaiTvleba kanoni darRveulad da 394-e muxli, romelic Seicavs sakasacio saCivris absolutur safuZvlebs, anu gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis udavo safuZvlebis CamonaTvals,
romlebic mTlianad vrceldeba saapelacio sasamarTlozec (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
_ gadawyvetilebis rogorc faqtobrivi, ise iuridiuli dasabuTebulobis Semowmebis dros saapelacio
sasamarTlos SeuZlia gascdes saapelacio saCivris
farglebs, e. i. SeuZlia Seamowmos darRvevebi, daSvebuli mtkicebulebebis Sefasebisa da faqtiuri garemoebebis dadgenis dros, agreTve kanonis iseTi darR-
646
vevebi, romlebzec ar iyo miTiTebuli saapelacio saCivarSi.

3. gasaCivrebis dasaSvebobis TvalsazrisiT ganCinebebi SeiZleba or jgufad davyoT: a) ganCinebebi, romlebzec SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana, rac imas niSnavs, rom am ganCinebebis gasaCivreba dasaSvebia calke, gadawyvetilebisagan damoukideblad da b) ganCinebebi, romelTa calke gasaCivreba ar SeiZleba, magram dasaSvebia maTi uaryofa da maT winaaRmdeg mosazrebaTa Camoyalibeba gadawyvetilebis winaaRmdeg mimarTul saapelacio saCivarSi.
_ is ganCinebebi, romlebzec dasaSvebia kerZo saCivris Setana, SeiZleba, ama Tu im mizezis gamo, ar iyo
Tavis droze gasaCivrebuli mxaris mier an imis gamo,
rom mxarem gauSva misi gasaCivrebis vada, an imis gamo,
rom ar moisurva maSin misi calke gasaCivreba. aseTi,
Tumca gasaCivrebadi, magram Tavis droze gausaCivrebeli ganCinebebi uTanabrdeba da iziarebs im ganCinebebis `beds~, romlebzec ar SeiZleba kerZo saCivris
Setana, magram Tavisuflad SeiZleba maTi uaryofa gadawyvetilebasTan erTad.
es imas ar niSnavs, rom gadawyvetilebaze calke unda daiweros saapelacio saCivari, xolo zemoxsenebul
ganCinebebze _ calke saCivari (igive kerZo saCivari).
ra Tqma unda ara! am ganCinebebis usworobaze SeiZleba
miTiTebuli iyos mxolod saapelacio saCivarSi. saapelacio saCivarSi am ganCinebebis dausabuTeblobaze miTiTebas is mniSvneloba SeiZleba hqondes, rom swored
maTi miRebis wyalobiT iqna gamotanili dausabuTebeli da ukanono gadawyvetileba. magaliTad, apelantma
Tavis saapelacio saCivarSi miuTiTa, rom saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoeba
ver dadasturda, radgan sasamarTlom Tavisi araswori da dausabuTebeli ganCinebiT uari uTxra mas Sesabamisi mtkicebulebis miRebaze, mowmis gamoZaxebasa da
dakiTxvaze, eqspertizis daniSvnaze da a. S. an kidev,
sasamarTlom Tavisi ganCinebiT, romelic kanonis dar647
RveviTaa miRebuli, uari uTxra mas Suamdgomlobaze

acilebis Sesaxeb da a. S.
sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebasTan erTad saapelacio
saCivriT gasaCivrebul ganCinebaze saapelacio sasamarTlos ar gamoaqvs calke ganCineba. saapelacio saCivris obieqtia sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba. am gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis mimarT mas gamoaqvs Tavisi gadawyvetileba. Tu im ganCinebebs, romlebic win uswreben gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebas, marTlac SeeZloT gamoewvia misi faqtobrivi Tu iuridiuli dausabuTebuloba, mas gamoaqvs Sesabamisi gadawyvetileba
(ganCineba) swored am gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis
da ara manamde miRebuli ganCinebebis mimarT.
4. sasamarTlos uwyebriv qvemdebareobas (me-11 muxli) saapelacio sasamarTlo amowmebs Tavisi iniciativiT. Tavisi iniciativiT amowmebs igi agreTve saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso kompetencias, risTvisac xelmZRvanelobs saqarTvelos kanoniT `saerTaSoriso kerZo samarTlis Sesaxeb~ (ix. am kanonis me-8-20 muxlebi).
5. gansjadobis Semowmeba saapelacio sasamarTlos
SeuZlia mxolod mopasuxis moTxovniT. aseTi moTxovna ki mopasuxes SeuZlia wamoayenos mxolod 21-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis safuZvelze (ix. am muxlis komentari).
muxli 378. saapelacio saCivarze

uaris Tqma
1. saapelacio saCivarze uaris Tqma dasaSvebia saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde. saqmis zepiri ganxilvisas saapelacio saCivarze uaris Tqma dasaSvebia mowinaaRmdege mxaris TanxmobiT.
2. saapelacio saCivarze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi mxares erTmeva ufleba kvlav gaasaCivros sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba saapelacio wesiT. saapelacio sasamarTlos
648
gamoaqvs ganCineba sasamarTlo xarjebis Sesaxeb.

1. saapelacio saCivarze uaris Tqma unda ganvasxvavoT gadawyvetilebis saapelacio wesiT gasaCivrebaze
uaris Tqmisagan (370-e muxli). saapelacio gasaCivrebaze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi saapelacio saCivari aRar
daiSveba. saapelacio saCivarze uari ki gulisxmobs
imas, rom apelants ar hqonia naTqvami uari saapelacio
gasaCivrebaze, waradgina saapelacio saCivari, magram
Semdgom gadaifiqra da uari Tqva Tavis saCivarze.
aseTi uari apelants SeuZlia Tqvas saqmis zepiri
ganxilvis anu sasamarTlo sxdomis dawyebamde, magram
Tu aseTi uari man Tqva saqmis zepiri ganxilvis dros,
maSin saWiroa mowinaaRmdege mxaris Tanxmoba. Tu aseTi Tanxmoba ar iqneba, saapelacio sasamarTlom unda
ganixilos saCivari.
2. saapelacio saCivarze apelantis mier uaris Tqmas, anu saapelacio saCivris gamoxmobas ukavSirdeba
seriozuli Sedegi: apelants erTmeva ufleba kvlav gaasaCivros gadawyvetileba saapelacio wesiT.
_ saapelacio saCivarze uaris Tqmis (saCivris gamoxmobis) SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos gamoaqvs `ganCineba saapelacio warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb apelantis mier
saapelacio saCivarze uaris Tqmis gamo~. amave ganCinebiT unda ganisazRvros xarjebis gadaxdis sakiTxic.
saapelacio warmoebiT gamowveuli xarjebis gadaxda
unda daekisros apelants imis analogiurad, rodesac
mosarCele uars ambobs mis mier aRZrul sarCelze (54e muxli).
_ am ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar daiSveba.
muxli 379. Segebebuli saapelacio

saCivari
mowinaaRmdege mxares SeuZlia saapelacio saCivris gadacemidan 10 dRis vadaSi
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waradginos Segebebuli saapelacio saCivari, miuxedavad imisa, gancxadebuli aqvs Tu

ara uari saapelacio saCivris Setanaze. saapelacio saCivarze uaris Tqmis an misi ganuxilvelad datovebis SemTxvevaSi Segebebuli
saapelacio saCivari ar ganixileba.
_ Segebebuli saapelacio saCivari SeuZlia waradginos mowinaaRmdege mxarem im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac mas uari aqvs naTqvami gadawyvetilebis saapelacio wesiT gasaCivrebaze (370-e muxli).
_ Segebebuli saapelacio saCivriT apelantis mowinaaRmdege mxare moiTxovs gadawyvetilebis gauqmebas
im nawilSi, romelic apelantis sasargeblodaa gamotanili da, maSasadame, apelantis mier araa gasaCivrebuli.
Segebebuli saapelacio saCivris dakmayofileba iqneba ara sauaresod Sebruneba, aramed Segebebuli saapelacio saCivris dasabuTebulad cnoba. Segebebuli
saCivris wardgeniT sauaresod Sebrunebis akrZalvis
principi aRar moqmedebs.
_ Segebebul saapelacio saCivars, zogierTi gamonaklisis garda, waeyeneba igive moTxovnebi, rogoric
ZiriTad saapelacio saCivars (368-e muxli).
es gamonaklisebi SemdegSi mdgomareobs:
a) Segebebul saapelacio saCivarze ar vrceldeba
kanonis moTxovna imis Sesaxeb, rom saapelacio saCivris Rirebuleba aRematebodes 1000 lars. igi SeiZleba
1000 larze naklebic iyos;
b) Segebebul saapelacio saCivarze ar vrceldeba
kanonis moTxovna imis Sesaxeb, rom saapelacio saCivris wardgena unda moxdes 14 dReSi (369-e muxli). igi
SeiZleba wardgenil iqnes saapelacio sasamarTloSi
saapelacio saCivris gadacemidan 10 dRis vadaSi.
g) Segebebuli saapelacio saCivari organuladaa dakavSirebuli ZiriTad saapelacio saCivarTan. es imas
niSnavs, rom Tu apelanti uars ityvis Tavis saapela650
cio saCivarze (378-e muxli) an saapelacio sasamarTlo

ganuxilvelad datovebs mas (374-e muxli), maSin Segebebuli saapelacio saCivari kargavs Tavis daniSnulebas da isic uaryofil unda iqnes, e. i. am saCivris mimarTac unda Sewydes saapelacio warmoeba (378-e muxli) an, Tu ZiriTadi saapelacio saCivari ganuxilvelad
iqna datovebuli (374-e muxli), aseve ganuxilvelad unda darCes Segebebuli saapelacio saCivaric.
amdagvarad samarTlebrivi Sefaseba Camoayaliba saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sakasacio palatam
Tavis erT-erT ganCinebaSi, romelic mTlianad vrceldeba agreTve saapelacio sasamarTloSi Setanil
Segebebul saapelacio saCivarze. am ganCinebaSi kerZod aRniSnulia: `sakasacio saCivari dauSvebelia da
igi ganuxilveli unda darCes. aseve ganuxilveli unda
darCes mowinaaRmdege mxaris Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari, radgan maT gaSvebuli aqvT sakasacio saCivris
Setanis erTTviani vada da maTi sakasacio saCivari, rogorc Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari, dasaSvebad iqna
miCneuli mxolod imis gamo, rom arsebobda ZiriTadi
sakasacio saCivari. vinaidan sakasacio saCivari dauSveblad iqna miCneuli da ganuxilvelad darCa, mopasuxeTa Segebebuli sakasacio saCivaric ganuxilvelad unda darCes, radgan ZiriTadi sakasacio saCivris gareSe
ar akmayofilebs kanoniT sakasacio saCivrisaTvis dadgenil kriteriums, kerZod, gaSvebulia sakasacio saCivris Setanis vada~.59
sakasacio sasamarTlos es pozicia amJamad asaxulia
am muxlis pirvel nawilSi.
d) Segebebuli saapelacio saCivari gaiziarebs ZiriTadi saapelacio saCivris beds, Tu igi wardgenilia saapelacio gasaCivrebis vadaSi (14 dRe) da am
Segebebuli saCivris Rirebuleba aRemateba 1000
lars. aseT SemTxvevaSi Segebebuli saCivris Semomta-
59
651
ni piri ganixileba rogorc damoukidebeli saapelacio

saCivris warmomdgeni piri. am SemTxvevaSi Segebebuli
saapelacio saCivari ganxilul unda iqnes rogorc damoukidebeli saapelacio saCivari, miuxedavad imisa,
uari Tqva apelantma Tavis ZiriTad saapelacio saCivarze Tu ara.
muxli 380. axali faqtebi da

mtkicebulebebi
1. saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisas SeiZleba moyvanil iqnes axali faqtebi da wardgenil iqnes axali mtkicebulebebi.
2. axali faqtebi da axali mtkicebulebebi, romlebic mxares SeeZlo warmoedgina
pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisas, saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia
ar miiRos, rogorc dagvianebiT warmodgenili, Tu maTi ganxilva xels SeuSlis saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis droulad ganxilvas da mxarem es masalebi pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos arasapatio mizeziT
ar warudgina.
am muxlis dedaazri mdgomareobs imaSi, rom faqtebi, romelTa Sesaxeb cnobilia mxareebisaTvis, unda
waredginos pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili amkvidrebs praqtikuli
TvalsazrisiT uaRresad mniSvnelovan debulebas,
kerZod, mxareebs, romlebmac mimarTes sasamarTlos
saapelacio saCivriT an am saCivarze SesagebliT, am muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis arsebobisas, SeuZliaT:
a) moiyvanon axali faqtebi. axali faqtebi es iseTi
faqtebia, romlebic adre ar iyo miTiTebuli mxareebis mier imis gamo, rom ar iyo cnobili maT Sesaxeb da
652
warmoiSvnen pirvel instanciaSi saqmis ganxilvis Semdeg, an kidev, TiTon mxarem, an sasamarTlom ar CaTvala isini saqmisTvis mniSvnelobis mqoned.
faqtebi qmnian sarCelis (Sesageblis) safuZvels.
aqedan gamomdinare, mosarCeles saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis dros SeuZlia Secvalos sarCelis safuZveli, xolo mowinaaRmdege mxares SeuZlia daupirispiros mas axali faqtebi.
amasTan dakavSirebiT metad mniSvnelovania sakasacio sasamarTlos samarTlebrivi Sefaseba, romlis Tanaxmad `ssk 380-e muxliT saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisas SeiZleba moyvanil iqnes axali faqtebi da axali mtkicebulebebi. cxadia, rom axali mtkicebulebebis wardgena emsaxureba sarCelis safuZvelSi miTiTebuli garemoebebis dadasturebas. kanonmdebeli uflebas aniWebs ra apelants waradginos axali
faqtebi da mtkicebulebebi saqmis saapelacio wesiT
ganxilvisas, uSvebs SesaZleblobas Secvalos sarCelis safuZveli~.60
b) apelants da mis mowinaaRmdege mxares SeuZliaT
warmoadginon saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisas axali mtkicebulebebi (382-e muxli).
mxareTa es uflebebi warmoiSoba mxolod da mxolod
am muxlis meore nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul pirobebSi.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili amkvidrebs praqtikuli
TvalsazrisiT uaRresad principul debulebas _ saapelacio sasamarTlo ar miiRebs da ar gamoikvlevs
axal faqtebs da mtkicebulebebs, Tu:
a) es axali faqtebi da mtkicebulebebi mxares SeeZlo moeyvana jer kidev saqmis pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi ganxilvis dros;
b) am axali faqtebisa da mtkicebulebebis miReba da
ganxilva xels SeuSlis saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis droulad ganxilvas;
60
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #3, gv. 675.
653
g) mxarem arasapatio mizeziT ar warudgina es masalebi pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos.

_ saapelacio sasamarTlom yovelTvis gansakuTrebuli gulmodginebiT unda Seafasos axali faqtebisa
da axali mtkicebulebebis miRebisa da gamokvlevis dasaSvebobis aq miTiTebuli pirobebi. araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda davuSvaT da ar unda ganvixiloT es axali faqtebi da mtkicebulebebi, Tu cxadia, rom raRac
taqtikuri Tu sxva mosazrebiT Semoinaxa isini mxarem saapelacio sasamarTlosTvis da raRac moulodneli TavdasxmiT gamowveuli efeqtis miRebis survili amoZravebda mas.
_ rac Seexeba faqtebsa da mtkicebulebebs, romlebic iyo mxareTa mier wamoyenebuli pirvel instanciaSi, maT SeuZliaT kvlav wamoayenon apelaciaSi im SemTxvevaSi, Tu pirveli instanciis sasamarTlom SecdomiT ar CaTvala es faqtebi saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis
mqoned da amitom ar daadgina, an marTalia daadgina,
magram saproceso normebis darRveviT.
_ Tu axali an xelmeored dasaxelebuli faqtebi dasaSvebad cno apelaciam, man unda ganusazRvros mxareebs dro Sesabamisi mtkicebulebebis warmosadgenad, Tu isini ar iyo warmodgenili maT mier. Tu mxareebi am vadaSi ar warmoadgenen aRniSnul mtkicebulebebs, apelaciam unda uaryos da ar ganixilos es faqtebi (206-e da 215-e muxlebi).
saapelacio sasamarTloebma mxedvelobaSi unda miiRon, rom axali faqtebisa da axali mtkicebulebebis
wardgena saapelacio sasamarTloSi unda ganxorcieldes saqmis momzadebis stadiaze (ix. 373-e muxlis
komentari). winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia ar miiRos da ar ganixilos isini.
muxli 381. davis sagnis Secvla da

gadideba
davis sagnis Secvla an gadideba, Segebebu654
li sarCelis Setana da xarjebis gansazRvra

saapelacio sasamarTloSi dauSvebelia.
mosarCeles sruli ufleba aqvs Secvalos davis
(sarCelis) sagani, gaadidos an Seamciros es sagani (ix.
83-e muxlis me-2 nawilis komentari), aseve, mopasuxes
SeuZlia Tavi daicvas sarCelisagan Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvriT (ix. 188-e muxlis komentari), magram am
saproceso moqmedebaTa SesrulebisaTvis samoqalaqo
saproceso kodeqsi gansazRvravs garkveul wess.
davis sagnis Secvla an gadideba, agreTve Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvra, rogorc wesi, dakavSirebulia axali faqtobrivi garemoebebis dadgenasTan da axali
mtkicebulebebis warmodgenasTan, ramac ar SeiZleba
ar gamoiwvios saqmis ganxilvis (saapelacio saCivris)
da gadawyvetis gaWianureba, maSin rodesac am saproceso moqmedebaTa realizacia SeiZleboda ganxorcielebuliyo jer kidev saqmis momzadebis stadiaze
pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi.
rogorc Cans, am mosazrebiT xelmZRvanelobda
kanonmdebeli, rodesac akrZala saapelacio sasamarTloSi davis sagnis Secvla, gadadeba, an Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvra.

gamokvleva
1. saapelacio sasamarTlo miiRebs axlad
warmodgenil mtkicebulebebs, Tu maT mniSvneloba aqvT saqmisaTvis, 380-e muxlis
moTxovnaTa gaTvaliswinebiT.
2. saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia gaiziaros pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos
mier mtkicebulebaTa gamokvlevis Sedegebi mTlianad an nawilobriv.
655
1. am muxlis pirvel nawils mxedvelobaSi aqvs mtkicebulebaTa gankuTvnadobis principi, romelic ganmtkicebulia agreTve ssk 104-e muxliT (ix. am muxlis
komentari) da romlis Tanaxmad sasamarTlom ar unda
miiRos mtkicebulebebi, `romlebsac saqmisaTvis
mniSvneloba ar aqvT~.
saapelacio sasamarTlo araa SeboWili pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos mier saqmeSi arsebuli mtkicebulebebis Semowmebisa da Sefasebis SedegebiT. saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia kvlav Seamowmos da Seafasos es mtkicebulebebi. Tu es aucilebelia gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis faqtobrivi dasabuTebulobis SemowmebisaTvis, agreTve, Tu arsebobs 380-e
muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebi (ix.
am muxlis komentari).
_ faqtebisa da mtkicebulebebis Sefasebas da Semowmebas saapelacio sasamarTlo axdens saapelacio saCivriT wamoyenebul moTxovnasTan mimarTebaSi, romliTac SeboWilia saapelacio sasamarTlo.
2. Tu saapelacio sasamarTlo ar iziarebs pirveli
instanciis sasamarTlos mier mtkicebulebaTa Semowmebisa da Sefasebis Sedegs, igi valdebulia Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi (ganCinebaSi) miuTiTos, Tu ratom
ar CaTvala saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone faqti dadasturebulad, romelic pirveli instanciis sasamarTlom dadasturebulad CaTvla,
ratom ar SeiZleba esa Tu is mtkicebuleba miviCnioT
utyuarad (sarwmunod), romelic pirvelma instanciam
sarwmunod CaTvala da a. S.
muxli 383. saqmis zepiri ganxilva

1. saqmis zepiri ganxilva iwyeba saapelacio sasamarTlos erT-erTi wevris moxsenebiT.
2. momxsenebeli warmoadgens saqmis garemoebebs, pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos
656
gadawyvetilebis safuZvlebs, ris Semdegac

mxareebs eZleva sityva Suamdgomlobebis
dasayeneblad da dasasabuTeblad da iwyeba mxareTa axsna-ganmartebebis mosmena.
3. saqmis ganxilvas uSualod unda mohyves mtkicebulebaTa gamokvleva.
saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis zepiri ganxilva
mimdinareobs im wesebis dacviT, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia pirveli instanciis sasamarTlosaTvis (210228-e muxlebi), im TaviseburebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT,
romlebzec miTiTebulia am kodeqsis me-8 kariT.
1. ise, rogorc pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi,
saapelacio sasamarTloSic saqmis zepiri ganxilva iwyeba erT-erTi mosamarTlis moxsenebiT.
_ saqmis ganxilvis dawyebis aseT wess aqvs didi praqtikuli mniSvneloba: saqmis ganxilvaSi monawile apelants da sxva pirebs SesaZlebloba eZlevaT gaarkvion, Tu ramdenad sworad gaigo saapelacio sasamarTlom saapelacio saCivarSi Camoyalibebuli apelantis
moTxovna da misi Sinaarsi, mowinaaRmdege mxaris Sesagebeli da misi Sinaarsi. aseTi wesi saSualebas aZlevs
mxareebs daazuston da Sesworeba Seitanon momxsenebeli mosamarTlis gamosvlaSi, Tu am gamosvlaSi raime
uzustoba, gaugebroba an Secdoma iyo daSvebuli.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs im ZiriTadi
sakiTxebis wres, romlebsac unda Seexos saapelacio
mosamarTle Tavis moxsenebaSi.
es sakiTxebia:
a) saqmis garemoebebi, e. i. vin aRZra sarCeli, vis
winaaRmdeg, rogoria mosarCelis moTxovna da mopasuxis Sesagebeli, romel garemoebebs emyarebian mxareebi TavianTi moTxovnebis Tu Sesageblis dasasabuTeblad, ra da romeli mtkicebulebebi waradgines maT pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi am garemoebebis dasadastureblad.
b) pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos gadawyveti657
lebis safuZvlebi, e. i. faqtobrivi garemoebebi, romlebic dadasturebulad da dadgenilad CaTvala da safuZvlad daudo Tavis gadawyvetilebas pirvelma instanciam (gadawyvetilebis faqtobrivi safuZvlebi), kanonebi, romliTac ixelmZRvanela sasamarTlom am faqtobrivi garemoebebis samarTlebrivi Sefasebis mizniT (gadawyvetilebis samarTlebrivi safuZvlebi).
g) saapelacio sasamarTlos mosamarTle Tavis moxsenebaSi unda Seexos agreTve, Tu rogoria saapelacio saCivris moTxovna, anu ras moiTxovs apelanti _
gadawyvetilebis mTlianad Tu nawilobriv gauqmebas,
Secvlas Tu axali gadawyvetilebis gamotanas (saapelacio saCivris ganacxadi), ra faqtobriv Tu samarTlebriv safuZvlebs emyareba apelanti, romeli kanonia misi azriT darRveuli da raSi gamoixateba konkretulad es darRveva (393-e da 394-e muxlebi). ra faqtobriv garemoebebs emyareba saapelacio mopasuxis mier
warmodgenili werilobiTi Sesagebeli da a.S.
momxsenebel mosamarTles SeuZlia sxva sakiTxebsac Seexos, Tu mas es saWirod miaCnia.
_ momxsenebeli mosamarTlis Semdeg sityva eZleva
mxareebs da maT warmomadgenlebs. maT ufleba aqvT daazuston da daakonkreton TavianTi moTxovnebisa da
Sesageblis Sinaarsi, Tu momxsenebelma mosamarTlem
raime Secdoma an uzustoba dauSva, magram maT ar unda gaimeoron is, rac ukve iTqva momxsenebeli mosamarTlis mier.
pirveli gamodis apelanti, xolo Semdeg mowinaaRmdege mxare. sasamarTlos nebarTviT mxareebma SeiZleba SekiTxva miscen erTmaneTs.
3. saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilva da mtkicebulebaTa gamokvleva (Semowmeba, Sefaseba) warmoebs im wesebis dacviT, rac dadgenilia pirveli instanciis sasamarTlosTvis, garda im gamonaklisebisa,
rac dadgenilia saapelacio sasamarTlosaTvis am kodeqsis merve kariT.
658
T a v i
XLVII
saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba

muxli 384. gadawyvetilebis Secvlis
farglebi
saapelacio instanciis sasamarTlo uflebamosilia Secvalos pirveli instanciis
sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba mxolod im
farglebSi, rasac mxareebi moiTxoven.
1. saapelacio sasamarTlo SeboWilia saapelacio saCivris farglebiT (377-e muxli). es imas niSnavs, rom
saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia Seamowmos gadawyvetileba mxolod saapelacio saCivris farglebSi, e. i.
mxolod im nawilSi, romelic gasaCivrebulia. aseTi Semowmebis Sedegad SeiZleba aRmoCndes, rom gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba gasauqmebeli da Sesacvlelia ara
mxolod im nawilSi, romelsac moiTxovs apelanti, aramed mTlianad, rogorc im nawilSi, romelic apelantis
sawinaaRmdegodaa gamotanili, ise im nawilSi, romelic
mis sasargeblodaa gamotanili. miuxedavad amisa, saapelacio sasamarTlo ver gaauqmebs gadawyvetilebas
mTlianad, an im nawilSi, romelic mis sasargeblodaa
gamotanili, radgan es iqneboda sauaresod Sebruneba, rasac krZalavs es muxli, rodesac miuTiTebs, rom
gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis Secvla dasaSvebia
`mxolod im farglebSi, rasac mxareebi moiTxoven~.
_ ufro metic, apelanti kidec rom moiTxovdes gadawyvetilebis im nawilis (an mTlianad) gauqmebas an
Secvlas, romelic mis sasargeblodaa gamotanili, saapelacio sasamarTlo mainc ver gaakeTebs amas: mxares
SeuZlia gaasaCivros gadawyvetileba mTlianad, Tu
igi mis winaaRmdegaa gamotanili, an im nawilSi, romelic mis winaaRmdegaa miRebuli.
amasTan dakavSirebiT sagulisxmoa sakasacio sasa659
marTlos miTiTeba erT-erT saqmeze imis Sesaxeb, rom

marTalia apelantma gaasaCivra gadawyvetileba mTlianad, e.i. im nawilSic, romelic mis sasargeblodaa gamotanili, magram sasamarTlos unda emsjela mxolod
gadawyvetilebis im nawilze, romelic apelantis winaaRmdegaa gamotanili. miuxedavad amisa, sasamarTlom
gaauqma gadawyvetileba mTlianad da amiT `moaxdina
apelantis mdgomareobis sauaresod Sebruneba, rac
dauSvebelia.~61
_ erTmaneTisagan unda ganvasxvavoT sauaresod Sebruneba da Segebebuli saapelacio saCivris dakmayofileba (379-e muxli). Segebebuli saapelacio saCivris dakmayofileba, e. i. gadawyvetilebis im nawilis gauqmeba,
romelic apelantis sasargeblodaa gamotanili, iqneba ara sauaresod Sebruneba, aramed Segebebuli saapelacio saCivris dakmayofileba. damoukidebeli da Segebebuli saapelacio saCivris erToblivad ganxilvis
pirobebSi sauaresod Sebrunebis akrZalva aRar moqmedebs.
muxli 385. gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba

da saqmis ukan dabruneba xelaxla
gansaxilvelad
1. saapelacio sasamarTlo auqmebs gadawyvetilebas da saqmes ubrunebs pirveli
instanciis sasamarTlos xelaxla gansaxilvelad, Tu:
a) adgili aqvs 394-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebs;
b) gasaCivrebuli sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT arasworad eTqva uari dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis Taobaze Setanili
saCivris daSvebaze;
61
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2002, #10, gv.1976,

660
g) gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba Seexeba

mxolod sarCelis dasaSvebobas;
d) gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba arasworad gamotanili ganmeorebiTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebaa.
2. saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia ar
gadaagzavnos saqme ukan da TviTon gadawvitos igi.
1. saapelacio sasamarTlos gaaCnia farTo uflebamosilebani . erT-erTi aseTi uflebamosilebaa gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba da saqmis ukan dabruneba xelaxla gansaxilvelad.
am muxlSi CamoTvlilia gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis
mxolod udavo safuZvlebi, kerZod:
a) 394-e muxli, romelic Tavis mxriv warmoadgens
393-e muxlis dakonkretebas, Seicavs samoqalaqo saproceso samarTlis normebis darRvevis ara amomwurav,
aramed iseT CamonaTvals, romlis dros saapelacio sasamarTlo valdebulia gaauqmos gadawyvetileba (ix.
b) am qvepunqts mxedvelobaSi aqvs `ganCineba saCivris daukmayofileblobisa da dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis ZalaSi datovebis Sesaxeb~ (240-e muxlis me-2
naw.), romelic SeiZleba gasaCivrdes apelaciis wesiT
rac Seexeba dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Taobaze Setanili saCivris daSvebaze uaris Tqmas, amis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ara gadawyvetileba, aramed ganCineba, romelzec SeiZleba ara saapelacio, aramed kerZo saCivris Setana (239-e muxlis
me-3 nawili).
g) Tu sarCeli dasaSvebi ar aris imis gamo, rom ar
arsebobs sarCelis uflebis winapirobebi (186-e muxli), sasamarTlos gamoaqvs `ganCineba sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb~, romelzec SeiZleba kerZo
saCivris Setana (187-e muxlis me-3 nawili).
661
amrigad, am punqts sinamdvileSi mxedvelobaSi aqvs

ara gadawyvetileba, aramed ganCineba.
d) saapelacio wesiT SeiZleba gasaCivrdes mxolod
erTi da igive mxaris mimarT meored an ganmeorebiT gamotanili dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba. aseTi ganmeorebiT gamotanili gadawyvetilebis gamotanis pirobebs iTvaliswinebs ssk 242-e da 366-e muxlebi (ix. am
muxlebis komentari). Tu Semowmebis Sedegad aRmoCndeba, rom ar arsebobda aseTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis pirobebi da safuZvlebi, igi unda
gauqmdes.
2. saapelacio sasamarTlom TviTon unda gansazRvros, ra SemTxvevaSi ar gadaagzavnos saqme ukan xelaxla gansaxilvelad da ra SemTxvevaSi TviTon ganixilos
da gadawyvitos saqme.
vinaidan am muxlis pirveli nawilis `b~, `g~ da `d~
qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi saCivris
obieqts warmoadgens ganCinebebi da ganmeorebiT arasworad gamotanili dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebebi _
SeiZleba marTlac mizanSewonili iyos saqmis gansaxilvelad ukan dabruneba maTi gauqmebis SemTxvevaSi.
xolo rac Seexeba am muxlis à~ qvepunqtSi miTiTebul SemTxvevas, roca saapelacio sasamarTlo auqmebs
gadawyvetilebas 393-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli erTerTi formiT materialur-samarTlebrivi normis darRvevis gamo, aseT da yvela sxva SemTxvevebSi ufro mizanSewonili iqneba saapelacio sasamarTlom ar daabrunos saqme ukan xelaxla gansaxilvelad da TviTon
ganixilos da gadawyvitos igi (386-e muxli).
muxli 386. saapelacio sasamarTlos

gadawyvetileba
Tu saapelacio saCivari dasaSvebia da
saqme pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos ar
ubrundeba, saapelacio sasamarTlo TviTon iRebs gadawyvetilebas saqmeze. igi
662
Tavisi ganCinebiT uars ambobs saapelacio

saCivris dakmayofilebaze an gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis SecvliT iRebs axal
gadawyvetilebas saqmeze.
_ am muxliT ganmtkicebulia saapelacio sasamarTlos Semdegi uflebamosilebani:
a) uari uTxras apelants saCivris dakmayofilebaze
da datovos gadawyvetileba ucvlelad, Tu saapelacio saCivarSi miTiTebul darRvevebs ar aqvs adgili
da gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba faqtobrivad da iuridiulad dasabuTebulia.
saapelacio saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmisa da gadawyvetilebis ucvlelad (ZalaSi) datovebis
Sesaxeb saapelacio sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba,
romelzec SeiZleba sakasacio saCivris Setana.
b) auqmebs gadawyvetilebas da TviTon iRebs axal
gadawyvetilebas, romelic SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sakasacio wesiT.
g) auqmebs gadawyvetilebas da saqmes xelaxla gansaxilvelad abrunebs ukan, Tu arsebobs 385-e muxliT
gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebi da saapelacio sasamarTlom mizanSewonilad CaTvala misi ukan dabruneba (ix.
_ rogorc praqtikis analizi gviCvenebs, saapelacio
sasamarTloebi umetes SemTxvevaSi gadawyvetilebis
gauqmebis Semdeg saqmes abruneben ukan xelaxla gansaxilvelad.
aseTi praqtika, marTalia, ar ewinaaRmdegeba kanons,
magram araa sasurveli. saqme isaa, rom jer erTi _ apelacia saapelacio saCivris farglebSi gadawyvetilebis faqtobrivi da iuridiuli dasabuTebulobis Semowmebaa, risTvisac saapelacio sasamarTlos gaaCnia yvela is saproceso meqanizmebi, rac aucilebelia aseTi
SemowmebisaTvis, meore _ gadawyvetilebis Semowmebas
axdenen ufro kvalificiuri mosamarTleebi kolegiurad.
663
amitom, yvela SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saapelacio sasamarTlo auqmebs gadawyvetilebas misi faqtobrivi
Tu iuridiuli dausabuTeblobis gamo, dauSva da ganixila mxareTa mier warmodgenili faqtebi (380-e muxli), daiwyo mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba da Semowmeba,
man aRar unda daabrunos saqme xelaxla gansaxilvelad
da TiTon unda miiRos axali gadawyvetileba.
muxli 387. mxareTa

gamoucxadeblobis Sedegebi
1. Tu saapelacio saCivris aRmZvreli piri ar gamocxaddeba saqmis zepir ganxilvaze, mowinaaRmdege mxaris TxovniT saapelacio sasamarTlo gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas saapelacio saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.
2. Tu saqmis ganxilvaze mowinaaRmdege
mxare ar gamocxaddeba, saapelacio saCivris Semtani piris TxovniT saapelacio sasamarTlo gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas, romelic SeiZleba daemyaros
momCivnis axsna-ganmartebas.
3. yvela sxva SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneba am
kodeqsSi Camoyalibebuli normebi pirveli
instanciis sasamarTloSi dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis Sesaxeb.
am muxlis gamoyenebisas mxedvelobaSi unda iyos miRebuli is garemoeba, rom apelantis an misi mowinaaRmdegis gamoucxadebloba, an kidev, orive mxaris gamoucxadebloba, erTdroulad iwvevs pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi mxareTa gamoucxadeblobis analogiur, anu erTgvarovan Sedegebs, kerZod:
1. Tu sasamarTlo sxdomaze ar gamocxadda apelanti (saapelacio mosarCele), romelsac uwyeba Cabarda
kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, mowinaaRmdege mxaris Txov664
niT sasamarTlo gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas saapelacio saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis
Sesaxeb.
_ Tu mowinaaRmdege mxare moiTxovs saqmis ganxilvis gadadebas, maSin saapelacio sasamarTlo gadadebs
saqmis ganxilvas sxva droisaTvis, ris Sesaxebac acnobebs gamoucxadebel mxares (apelants), xolo gamocxadebul mowinaaRmdege mxares, agreTve saqmeSi monawile sxva pirebs afrTxilebs gadadebuli sxdomis dRis
Sesaxeb da maTi gamoucxadeblobis Sedegebis Sesaxeb,
rac Seitaneba oqmSi da razec xels aweren es pirebi.
Tu apelanti kvlav ar gamocxaddeba, maSin saapelacio sasamarTlo gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.
2. Tu sxdomaze ar gamocxaddeba mowinaaRmdege mxare (saapelacio mopasuxe), maSin sasamarTlo, apelantis TxovniT, gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas,
an Tu aseTi Txovna ar aris da igi moiTxovs saqmis ganxilvis gadadebas, maSin saapelacio sasamarTlo gadadebs saqmis ganxilvas, ris Sesaxebac afrTxilebs gamocxadebul mxares da dadgenili wesiT acnobebs gamoucxadebel pirebs. Tu mowinaaRmdege mxare kvlav
ar gamocxaddeba, saapelacio sasamarTlo gamoitans
dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas saapelacio saCivris dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb, oRond erTi pirobiT _ Tu saapelacio saCivarSi miTiTebuli faqtobrivi garemoebebi
iuridiulad amarTlebs saapelacio saCivarSi Camoyalibebul apelantis moTxovnas (230-e muxlis me-2 naw.).
3. saapelacio sasamarTloSi erT-erTi an orive mxaris gamoucxadeblobas ukavSirdeba igive Sedegebi,
rogoric maT gamoucxadeblobas pirveli instanciis
sasamarTloSi.
aqedan gamomdinare, mowinaaRmdege mxaris (saapelacio mopasuxis) gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi apelantis (saapelacio mosarCelis) mier miTiTebuli faqtebi iTvleba dadasturebulad, magram dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas apelantis sasargeblod mxolod im Sem665
TxvevaSi gamoitans saapelacio sasamarTlo, Tu es dadasturebulad (damtkicebulad) CaTvlili garemoebebi iuridiulad amarTlebs apelantis moTxovnas (ix.
230-e muxlis me-2 nawilis komentari). Tu ar amarTlebs,
maSin saapelacio sasamarTlo gamoitans gadawyvetilebas saapelacio saCivarze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, magram
es iqneba ara dauswrebeli, aramed Cveulebrivi gadawyvetileba, romelic SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sakasacio
wesiT.
_ apelantis gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia ssk 229-e muxlis pirobebis dacviT gamoitanos ara marto dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, aramed datovos saapelacio saCivari ganuxilvelad (229-e muxlis me-2 nawili). saapelacio sasamarTlo saCivars ganuxilvelad datovebs, roca sxdomaze ar cxaddeba arcerTi mxare (231-e muxli).
muxli 388. saqmis ukan gadagzavna

saapelacio sasamarTloSi gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg saqme axlad Semosul masalasa da saapelacio
sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebasTan (ganCinebasTan) gadaegzavneba pirveli instanciis
sasamarTlos.
_ es muxli gansazRvravs mxolod im etaps, rodesac
saapelacio sasamarTlom ukan unda gadaugzavnos saqme Tavis gadawyvetilebasTan (ganCinebasTan) erTad
pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos. es etapia saapelacio
sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) kanonier ZalaSi Sesvla.
Tu saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba (ganCineba) gasaCivrda kanoniT dadgenil vadaSi sakasacio
sasamarTloSi, maSin saqme sakasacio saCivarTan erTad
unda gadaigzavnos sakasacio sasamarTloSi.
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gadawyvetilebis Sinaarsi
1. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis
Sesaval nawilSi unda mieTiTos:
a) gadawyvetilebis gamotanis dro da
adgili;
b) sasamarTlos dasaxeleba da Semadgenloba;
g) saapelacio saCivris Semomtani piris
dasaxeleba;
d) gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba.
2. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba
aRwerilobiTi da samotivacio nawilebis
nacvlad unda Seicavdes:
a) saapelacio saCivris Semomtani piris
moTxovnas;
b) saqmis garemoebebTan dakavSirebiT gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis daskvnebze miTiTebas, SesaZlo cvlilebebis an damatebebis gaTvaliswinebiT;
g) gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis Secvlis dasabuTebas. Tu saapelacio sasamarTlo eTanxmeba pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos calkeul Sefasebas saqmis faqtobriv
an/da samarTlebriv sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, maSin dasabuTeba icvleba masze miTiTebiT.
3. gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawili
unda Seicavdes sasamarTlos daskvnas saapelacio saCivris mTlianad an nawilobriv
dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb, miTiTebas sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawilebis, agreTve gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis vadisa da wesis
Taobaze.
667
1. es muxli gansazRvravs saapelacio sasamarTlos

gadawyvetilebis Sinaarss, mis savaldebulo rekvizitebs. gadawyvetileba saapelacio sasamarTlos gamoaqvs, rodesac igi saqmes ar abrunebs ukan xelaxla gansaxilvelad da gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis SecvliT TviTon iRebs misgan gansxvavebul axal gadawyvetilebas.
am muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad saapelacio
sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis Sesaval nawilSi unda
mieTiTos iseT garemoebebze, romlebic saerToa sasamarTloebis mier gamotanili yvela ganCinebisa Tu gadawyvetilebisaTvis.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili aTavisuflebs saapelacio
sasamarTlos Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi aRwerilobiTi da
samotivacio nawilebis Camoyalibebisagan, magram gansazRvravs, Tu ra monacemebs unda Seicavdes es gadawyvetileba maT nacvlad.
a) am muxlis me-2 nawilis a qvepunqtis Tanaxmad
saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaSi unda mieTiTos apelantis moTxovnaze, anu imis Sesaxeb, Tu ras
moiTxovs apelanti. es moTxovna gadawyvetilebaSi
unda Camoyalibdes saapelacio saCivris mixedviT (368e muxli). am moTxovnis zustad, naTlad da amomwuravad miTiTebas aqvs didi praqtikuli mniSvneloba: saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia Secvalos pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba im farglebSi,
rasac mxareebi moiTxoven (384-e muxli).
b) saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos agreTve gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebaSi Camoyalibebuli daskvnebi saqmis garemoebebTan dakavSirebiT, e.i. daskvnebze imis Sesaxeb,
Tu romeli faqtobrivi garemoebebi cno gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gamomtanma sasamarTlom dadgenilad da romeli ara. kanoniT zustad gansazRvruli
pirobebis arsebobisas (380-e da 382-e muxlebi) mxares
SeuZlia warudginos saapelacio sasamarTlos axali
faqtebi da mtkicebulebebi. Tu amas hqonda adgili da
668
saapelacio sasamarTlom dadgenilad cno es axali

faqtebi, amis Sesaxeb unda mieTiTos saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaSi, rogorc amas gvTavazobs
b qvepunqti.
g) 389-e muxlis g qvepunqtis Tanaxmad saapelacio
sasamarTlom unda daasabuTos, Tu ra faqtobriv da
samarTlebriv safuZvlebs emyareboda saapelacio
sasamarTlo, rodesac Secvala gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba da gamoitana axali gadawyvetileba. am TvalsazrisiT aq raime siaxle araa. siaxle mdgomareobs mxolod imaSi, rom saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia
Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi miuTiTos gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebaSi Camoyalibebul davaze faqtebis arseboba - ararsebobis Sesaxeb, romlebsac iziarebs saapelacio sasamarTlo, agreTve, am gadawyvetilebaSi Camoyalibebul samarTlebriv Sefasebebze. gasaCivrebul
gadawyvetilebaSi Camoyalibebul aseT daskvnebze
da Sefasebebze miTiTebiT SeiZleba Seicvalos saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis dasabuTeba.
amrigad, 389-e muxlSi Setanili cvlilebebis mizania saapelacio sasamarTlosaTvis gadawyvetilebis
Camoyalibebis gamartiveba da Semsubuqeba, magram aseTi cvlileba kide ufro aZlierebs kanonis moTxovnas
imis Sesaxeb, rom pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba kargad iyos motivirebuli faqtobrivad
da iuridiulad, xolo saapelacio sasamarTlom zustad da Seucdomlad miuTiTos Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi daskvnebze da Sefasebebze, romlebic Camoyalibebulia gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebaSi da romlebsac igi eTanxmeba da iziarebs. aseT miTiTebebs aqvs gadamwyveti mniSvneloba sakasacio sasamarTlosaTvis,
romlisTvisac savaldebuloa saapelacio sasamarTlos
mier damtkicebulad cnobili faqtobrivi garemoebebi (407-e muxli). amieridan, sapelacio sasamarTlos
mier damtkicebulad cnobili faqtobrivi garemoebebis Sesaxeb informacia sakasacio sasamarTlos
669
miewodeba ara mxolod saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT, aramed saapelacio wesiT gasaCivrebuli
gadawyvetilebiTac.
3. sarezolucio nawili - esaa sakuTriv gadawyvetileba, romelic gadadis saaRsrulebo furcelSi, Tu gadawyvetileba aRsrulebadia. amitom, misi rac
SeiZleba naTlad da amomwuravad Camoyalibebaze
mTlianadaa damokidebuli ara marto gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba, aramed im uflebebis realurad dacva,
romlebic am gadawyvetilebiTaa aRiarebuli. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilSi savaldebuloa sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawilebis Sesaxeb, agreTve, gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis
vadisa da wesis Sesaxeb miTiTeba (ix. 249-e muxlis me-5
nawilis komentari).

ganCinebis Sinaarsi
1. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba,
romliTac saqme xelmeored ar wydeba arsebiTad, miiReba ganCinebis formiT.
2. saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCinebis
Sesaval nawilSi unda mieTiTos:
a) ganCinebis gamotanis dro da adgili;
b) sasamarTlos dasaxeleba da Semadgenloba;
g) saapelacio saCivris an kerZo saCivris
(saCivris) Semomtani piris dasaxeleba;
d) gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba (ganCineba)
3. saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCineba aRwerilobiTi da samotivacio nawilebis nacvlad unda Seicavdes:
a) saapelacio saCivris an kerZo saCivris
(saCivris) Semomtani piris moTxovnas;
b) saqmis garemoebebTan dakavSirebiT gasa-
670
Civrebuli gadawyvetilebis daskvnebze miTiTebas;

g) mokle dasabuTebas gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis an ucvlelad datovebis Sesaxeb. Tu saapelacio sasamarTlo eTanxmeba pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos Sefasebebs da daskvnebs saqmis faqtobriv an/
da samarTlebriv sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT,
maSin dasabuTeba icvleba maTze miTiTebiT.
4. ganCinebis sarezolucio nawili unda
Seicavdes sasamarTlos daskvnas saapelacio saCivris an kerZo saCivris (saCivris)
mTlianad an nawilobriv dakmayofilebis
an dakmayofilebaze uaris Sesaxeb, miTiTebas sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawilebis,
agreTve ganCinebis gasaCivrebis vadisa da
wesis Taobaze.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili 284-e muxlis pirveli
nawilis danawesis Sesabamisad amkvidrebs wess, romlis
Tanaxmad sasamarTlos dadgenileba, romliTac saqme
xelmeored ar wydeba arsebiTad, miiReba ganCinebis
formiT. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu saapelacio sasamarTlo auqmebs gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebas da saqmes
abrunebs xelaxla gansaxilvelad an wyvets saqmis warmoebas (272-e muxli) an, kidev sarCels ganuxilvelad
tovebs (275-e muxli), mas gamoaqvs ganCineba. saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCineba gamoaqvs maSinac, roca ZalaSi (ucvlelad) tovebs gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebas.
es CamonaTvali araa amomwuravi. saapelacio, kerZo saCivris Tu saCivris ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT wamoWril
nebismier sakiTxze saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos ganCineba, magram zemoT CamoTvlili ganCinebebi, romlebic gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis Semdgom
beds gansazRvravs, gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad saapelacio sasa-
671
marTlos ganCinebis Sesaval nawilSi unda aRiniSnos

iseTi monacemebi, romlebic saerToa sasamarTlos mier
miRebul yvela gadawyvetilebis Tu ganCinebisaTvis.
3. ise, rogorc saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba, saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCinebac aRwerilobiTi da samotivacio nawilebis nacvlad unda Seicavdes saCivris Semomtani piris moTxovnas, gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) daskvnebze miTiTebas, gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Tu ucvlelad datovebis mokle dasabuTebas. aseTi dasabuTeba SeiZleba Seicvalos gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis
(ganCinebis) im daskvnebze da Sefasebebze miTiTebiT,
romlebic Camoyalibebulia gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebaSi (ganCinebaSi) da romlebsac iziarebs saapelacio sasamarTlo.
sxva mxriv, yvelaferi rac iTqva sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis Sinaarsisa da dasabuTebulobis, agreTve
sarezolucio nawilis Sesaxeb mTlianad exeba sasamarTlos ganCinebasac (ix. 389-e muxlis komentari).
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kari mecxre
kasacia
T a v i XLVIII
kasaciis dasaSveboba
muxli 391. sakasacio saCivris Setana
da saCivris sagnis Rirebuleba
1. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi mxareebma da mesame pirebma damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT SeiZleba kanoniT dadgenil vadaSi gaasaCivron sakasacio sasamarTloSi.
2. sakasacio saCivari qonebriv-samarTlebriv davebSi dasaSvebia im SemTxvevaSi,
Tu sakasacio saCivris sagnis Rirebuleba
50000 lars aRemateba.
3. sakasacio saCivris sagnis Rirebuleba
ganisazRvreba imis mixedviT, Tu gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis ra zomiT Secvlaze
Seaqvs saCivari mxares. Tu am Rirebulebis
odenoba eWvs iwvevs, sakasacio saCivris
Semtanma pirma es Rirebuleba sarwmunod
unda daadasturos.
4. araqonebriv-samarTlebriv davebSi sakasacio saCivari dasaSvebia sityvisa da gamoxatvis
TavisuflebasTan dakavSirebul davebze.
5. sakasacio saCivari sxva qonebriv da
araqonebriv davebSi dasaSvebia, Tu:
a) saqme mniSvnelovania samarTlis ganviTarebisa da erTgvarovani sasamarTlo
praqtikis CamoyalibebisaTvis;
b) saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba
673
gansxvavdeba am kategoriis saqmeebze

saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos manamde arsebuli praqtikisagan;
g) saapelacio sasamarTlos mier saqme
ganxilulia mniSvnelovani saproceso darRveviT, romelsac SeeZlo arsebiTad emoqmeda saqmis ganxilvis Sedegze;
d) gasaCivrebulia saapelacio sasamarTlos meore dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba
an ganCineba dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis
ucvlelad datovebis Taobaze.
6. samoqalaqo saqmeebze sakasacio saCivris warmoebaSi miRebis da ganxilvis vadaa
6 Tve.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili or sakiTxs awesrigebs:
pirveli _ romeli sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi
(ganCinebebi) SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sakasacio wesiT
(sakasacio gasaCivrebis obieqti) da meore _ vis SeuZlia gaasaCivros es gadawyvetilebebi (sakasacio
gasaCivrebis subieqtebi).
sakasacio wesiT SeiZleba gasaCivrdes, anu sakasacio gasaCivrebis obieqti SeiZleba iyos:
a) saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi;
b) saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCinebebi, romlebic
gamotanilia saapelacio saCivrebis ganxilvis Sedegad,
kerZod, saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCineba gadawyvetilebis ucvlelad (ZalaSi) datovebis Sesaxeb,
agreTve, ganCineba gadawyvetilebis gauqmebisa da saqmis xelaxla ganxilvisaTvis ukan dabrunebis Sesaxeb;
g) saapelacio sasamarTloebis meore dauswrebeli
gadawyvetilebebi, gamotanili ganmeorebiT dauswreblobis gamo (ix.392-e muxlis komentari).
praqtikaSi gvxvdeba SemTxvevebi, rodesac mxares
Semoaqvs sakasacio saCivari raionuli sasamarTlos
gadawyvetilebaze. Cveni saproceso kanonmdebloba ar
iTvaliswinebs e.w. naxtomisebur kasaciis dasaSve674
bobas, amitom sakasacio sasamarTlo yovelTvis ganuxilvelad tovebs aseT saCivars.62

- sakasacio saCivris Setanis uflebis mqone pirebi
arian:
a) mxareebi (mosarCele, mopasuxe);
b) mesame pirebi damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT;
g) uflebamonacvleebi;
d) Tanamonawileebi (TanamosarCeleebi, Tanamopasuxeebi maTi Tanamonawileobis safuZvlebiT gansazRvrul farglebSi;
e) pirebi, romlebic ar figurireben saqmeSi rogorc
mxareebi, magram sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT ganisazRvra maTi uflebebi da movaleobebi erT-erTi mxaris mimarT.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili exeba mxolod qonebriv davebs. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sakasacio saCivris sagnis Rirebuleba aRemateba 50000 lars - es aris sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis savsebiT sakmarisi piroba,
anu sakasacio sasamarTlom unda miiRos saCivari gansaxilvelad (403-e muxli).
3. sakasacio saCivris sagnis Rirebulebis gansazRvris kriteriumia ara sarCelis sagnis (sasarCelo
moTxovnis) Rirebuleba, aramed saapelacio sasamarTlos gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba (ganCineba). magaliTad, Tu saapelacio saCivris sagnis Rirebuleba ar
aRemateboda 50000 lars da saapelacio sasamarTlom
daakmayofila an uari uTxra apelants am saCivris dakmayofilebaze, maSin cxadia, rom sakasacio saCivari am
gadawyvetilebaze(ganCinebaze) ar SeiZleba aRematebodes 50000 lars da mxolod am niSniT igi dauSvebelia (ix. am muxlis me-5 nawilis komentari).
Tu saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT nawilobriv dakmayofilda saapelacio saCivari, xolo nawilobriv uari iTqva mis dakmayofilebaze, maSin saka62
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, #6, 2003, gv. 1976-1384.
675
sacio saCivris sagnis Rirebuleba ganisazRvreba imis

mixedviT, Tu gadawyvetilebis romeli nawilia gasaCivrebuli. magaliTad, Tu saapelacio sasamarTlom Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT daakmayofila saapelacio saCivris moTxovna mxolod nawilobriv, kerZod, 40 000
laris farglebSi, magram uari uTxra apelants 30 000
laris dakmayofilebaze da gadawyvetileba gasaCivrda sakasacio wesiT am nawilSi, e.i. 30000 laris dakmayofilebaze uarisTqmis nawilSi, sakasacio saCivris sagnis Rirebuleba iqneba 30000 lari. es imas niSnavs, rom
sakasacio saCivris sagnis Rirebulebis kriteriumiT
(50000 lari) es saCivari dauSvebelia.
sakasacio saCivris sagnis Rirebulebis damtkicebis tvirTi, rodesac es Rirebuleba eWvs iwvevs, kasators ekisreba, risTvisac mas SeuZlia warmoadginos
amis damadasturebeli dokumentebi, kerZod, presis
furclebidan amonabeWdi, romelic Seicavs cnobebs
sadavo nivTebis Rirebulebis Sesaxeb, oficialuri
preiskurantebi, specialistis daskvnebi da a.S.
dauSvebelia kasatoris mier saCivris sagnis Rirebulebis TviTneburad gazrda, mxolod im mizniT, rom
saCivari kasaciuri gaxdes.
4. am muxlis me-4 nawilis Tanaxmad sakasacio saCivari
araqonebriv samarTlebriv davebSi dasaSvebia, Tu igi
exeba sityvisa da gamoxatvis TavisuflebasTan dakavSirebul nebismier davas. aseTi sakasacio saCivris daSvebisaTvis raime damatebiT kriteriumi saWiro araa.
sityvisa da gamoxatvis TavisuflebasTan dakavSirebiT SeiZleba mravali sxvadasxva xasiaTisa da Sinaarsis dava wamoiWras. magaliTad, sakuTar sityvaze
uflebis mixedviT dauSvebelia piris unebarTvod an
misi survilis sawinaaRmdegod mis mier arasajarod
warmoTqmuli sityvis firze Cawera. cxadia, rom am pirs
SeuZlia moiTxovos aseTi Canaweris nebismieri miznebisaTvis (magaliTad, mtkicebulebad) gamoyeneba.
dava SeiZleba warmoiSvas sakuTar suraTze da sakuTari pirovnebis warmosaxvaze uflebis darRvevas676
Tan dakavSirebiT, saqme isaa, rom adamianis ufleba sakuTar suraTze, anu ufleba TviTon gansazRvros ramdenad SeiZleba misawvdomi iyos sxvebisaTvis fotosuraTebi an videoCanawerebi misi gamosaxulebiT _ daculia kanoniT.63
aRsaniSnavia, rom samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-18 muxlis me-5 nawilis Tanaxmad pirs, romlis gamosaxuleba
(fotosuraTi, kinofilmi, videofilmi da a.S.) gamoqveyndeba misi Tanxmobis gareSe, SeuZlia sasamarTlos meSveobiT moiTxovos uflebis dacva, garda iseTi SemTxvevebisa, roca aseT gamosaxulebaze misi Tanxmoba araa saWiro. Tu rodis araa saWiro misi Tanxmoba gansazRvravs kanoni (sk me-18 muxlis me-5 nawili).
aRsaniSnavia isic, rom am pirs SeuZlia moiTxovos
zianis (zaralis) anazRaurebac, Tu sakuTar gamosaxulebaze misi uflebis darRveva moxda xelmyofis
braliT.64
5. am muxlis me-5 nawili awesrigebs sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobas iseT qonebriv davebSi, romelTa
Rirebuleba ar aRemateba 50000 lars da iseT araqonebriv davebSi, romlebic ar ganekuTvneba sityvisa da
gamoxatvis TavisuflebasTan dakavSirebul davebs.
sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis winapirobebi (wanamZRvrebi), romlebic Camoyalibebulia me-5 nawilis
a, b da g qvepunqtebSi erTnairad exeba, rogorc
qonebriv, ise araqonebriv davebs.
ganvixiloT sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis es winapirobebi.
a) saqme mniSvnelovania samarTlis ganviTarebisa da erTgvarovani sasamarTlo praqtikis CamoyalibebisaTvis.
am punqtis azri da Sinaarsi ar SeiZleba gavigoT ise,
TiTqos sakasacio saCivris daSvebisaTvis aucilebeli
63
dawvrilebiT sityvisa da gamoxatvis (TviTgamosaxvis) uflebis

Sinaarsis Sesaxeb ix. k.kublaSvili, ZiriTadi uflebebi, g-ba jisiai, Tb.
2003, gv. 116 da 206.
64
ix. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari. wigni pirveli.
Tb. 2002. gv.65.
677
iyos, rom saqmes erTdroulad hqondes mniSvneloba

rogorc samarTlis ganviTarebisaTvis, ise erTgvarovani sasamarTlo praqtikis CamoyalibebisaTvis (Tumca am punqtis aseTnairad gagebisaTvis safuZveli namdvilad arsebobs).
saqarTveloSi sakasacio sasamarTlo Seiqmna ara
mxolod individualuri interesebis dacvis, aramed
sajaro interesebis dacvis mizniT. me-5 nawilis a qvepunqtSi gamokveTilia sakasacio sasamarTlos sajaro
interesebis dacvis mizani, es mizani ki gulisxmobs
rogorc samarTlis ganviTarebas, ise erTgvarovani
sasamarTlo praqtikis (erTiani marTlmsajulebis)
uzrunvelyofas. aqedan gamomdinare, sakasacio saCivari daSvebuli unda iqnes yovelTvis Tu saqmes aqvs
mniSvneloba an samarTlis ganviTarebisaTvis, an
erTgvarovani praqtikis CamoyalibebisaTvis.
rogor SeiZleba gavigoT dasaSvebobis TiToeuli am
winapirobis azri da Sinaarsi?
1. saqmis mniSvneloba samarTlis ganviTarebisaTvis.
saqarTvelos sakasacio sasamarTlos praqtikis analizi srul safuZvels gvaZlevs gavakeToT daskvna,
rom yvelaze ufro xSirad saqmis mniSvneloba samarTlis ganviTarebisaTvis ganpirobebulia xarveziT
kanonmdeblobaSi. swored aseTi xarvezis gamo sakasacio sasamarTlos mier miRebul iqna gadawyvetilebebi (ganCinebebi) sarCelis gamoxmobis (ukan gaTxovis)
Sesaxeb, Segebebuli saapelacio (sakasacio) saCivris
aRZvrisa da ZiriTadi sakasacio saCivrisagan misi
damoukideblad ganxilvis pirobebis Sesaxeb, sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebrunebis
Sesaxeb, sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Taobaze gamotanil
ganCinebaTa gasaCivrebis Sesaxeb da a.S.
kanonmdeblobaSi xarvezis Sevsebis mizniT sakasacio sasamarTlos mier miRebulma mTelma rigma gadawyvetilebebma da ganCinebebma Tavisi asaxva hpoves
kanonmdeblobaSi.
678
xarvezis Sevseba araa erTaderTi gza, romlis saSualebiTac xdeba samarTlis ganviTareba. samarTlis ganviTareba SeiZleba moxdes sakasacio sasamarTlos mier
samarTlis normis iseTi interpretaciiT, romliTac
yalibdeba zogadi principi.
amis TvalsaCino magaliTs warmoadgens gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebasTan dakavSirebuli erTi principuli sakiTxi, romlis Sesaxebac sakasacio sasamarTlom gamoTqva Tavisi mosazreba. esaa sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, SeiZleba Tu ara saapelacio Tu sakasacio saCivris
damoukidebeli obieqti iyos gadawyvetilebis mxolod
samotivacio nawili, e.i. SeiZleba Tu ara, rom mxarem
gaasaCivros gadawyvetilebis samotivacio nawili ise
rom ar gaasaCivros am gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio
nawili. miuxedvad imisa, rom ssk 266-e muxlis Tanaxmad
gadawyvetilebis samotivacio nawili Sedis kanonier
ZalaSi, sakasacio sasamarTlom daadgina, rom samotivacio nawilis gasaCivreba gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis Secvlis moTxovnis gareSe dauSvebelia.65
2. saqmis mniSvneloba erTgvarovani sasamarTlo
praqtikis CamoyalibebisaTvis.
es kriteriumic, ise rogorc samarTlis ganviTareba,
sakasacio sasamarTlos sajaro miznis realizacias emsaxureba. am kriteriumis Sinaarsis mixedviT sakasacio
saCivris daSvebisaTvis mTavari da gadamwyvetia ara is,
rom gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba emyareba mcdarad
gagebul samarTlebriv safuZvels (kanonis arasworad
gagebas), aramed is, aqvs Tu ara saqmes mniSvneloba erTgvarovani sasamarTlo praqtikis CamoyalibebisaTvis.66
rodis ara gvaqvs erTgvarovani sasamarTlo praqtika?
erTgvarovani sasamarTlo praqtika ara gvaqvs maSin,
65

rogorc sworad miuTiTeben ceno raihenbeheri da Salva papuaSvili
aRniSnul kriteriumTan dakavSirebiT principulia is garemoeba, rom aq
gadamwyvetia ara mxolod calkeuli samarTlebrivi davis bedi, aramed
misi mniSvneloba erTgvarovani sasamarTlo praqtikis CamoyalibebisaTvis,
rac Tavis mxriv uSualo kavSirSia sazogado interesebTan.
ix. samarTlis ganviTareba samoqalaqo procesSi. kasaciis daSvebis
axali safuZvlebis ganmartebisaTvis.
66
679
rodesac erTi da igive samarTlebrivi sakiTxi an erTi

da igive samarTlebrivi norma sxvadasxvanairad aris
gagebuli sxvadasxva sasamarTlo instanciebis mier. gansxvavebuloba (araerTgvarovneba) sasamarTlo instanciebTan mimarTebaSi aq ufro farTo masStabebs gulisxmobs, vidre am muxlis me-5 nawilis b qvepunqti da
moicavs samarTlebrivi sakiTxis sxvadasxvanair gagebas ara mxolod saapelacio sasamarTloebisa da sakasacio sasamarTlos mier, aramed am samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis gansxvavebulad gagebas raionuli sasamarTloebis
mier, raionuli da saapelacio sasamarTloebis mier da
TviT saapelacio sasamarTloebis mier. rac Seexeba gansxvavebul samarTlebriv Sexedulebebs saapelacio da
sakasacio sasamarTloebis mxriv, igi Camoyalibebulia
calke punqtad amave muxlis b qvepunqtSi.
yovelTvis, rodesac arsebobs gansxvaveba erTi da
igive samarTlebrivi sakiTxis gagebaSi sxvadasxva sasamarTlo instanciebis mier, saqme gvaqvs araerTgvarovan
sasamarTlo praqtikasTan da am gansxvavebulobiT dasabuTebuli sakasacio saCivari daSvebul unda iqnes.67
b) saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba gansxvavdeba am kategoriis saqmeebze saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos manamde arsebuli praqtikisagan
gansxvavebiT a qvepunqtisagan, b qvepunqtSi
nagulisxmevia Seusabamoba (gansxvaveba) saapelacio da
sakasacio sasamarTloebis gadawyvetilebebs Soris:
arsebobs sakasacio sasamarTlos praqtika, romelic
gamoxatulia am sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebSi da am
67
ramdenadme gansxvavebuli mosazreba arsebobs germanul

iuridiul literaturaSi. am mosazrebis Tanaxmad erTgvarovani
sasamarTlo praqtikis kriteriumis dasakmayofileblad sakmarisi
araa, rom sasamarTlom erT konkretul saqmeze mcdari
gadawyvetileba miiRos. kanonis normaTa ganmartebisas an
gamoyenebisas daSvebuli Sinaarsobrivi an formaluri Secdoma
maSin scildeba calkeuli SemTxvevis farglebs da seriozulad
avnebs sazogadoebriv interesebs, rodesac es Secdoma masStaburia
da arsebobs imis SesaZlebloba, rom mis safuZvelze Seiryes ndoba
marTlmsajulebis winaaRmdeg.
ceno raihenbeheri, Salva papuaSvili, dasax. naSromi gv.15
680
praqtikas ar Seesabameba da misgan gansxvavdeba gasaCivrebuli saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba.

sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis es kriteriumi iyenebs iseT cnebas, rogoricaa saqmeTa kategoria. am
cnebis Sinaarsis gagebas aqvs gadamwyveti mniSvneloba, radgan Tu saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba Tumca gansxvavdeba sakasacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebisagan, magram isini sxvadasxva kategoriis
saqmeebzea gamotanili, maSin am gansxvavebas ar aqvs
mniSvneloba da kasacia dauSvebelia. magram b qvepunqtis Sinaarsis aseTnairi gageba ar unda iyos swori.
saqme isaa, rom sakasacio sasamarTlo ar qmnis praqtikas saqmeTa kategoriebis mixedviT. mTavari da gadamwyvetia ara saqmeTa kategoria (samoqalaqo, Sromis,
samewarmeo da a.S.), aramed samarTlebrivi sakiTxi: Tu
sakasacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba identur samarTlebriv sakiTxebs emyareba, magram gansxvavebulad
esmiT es sakiTxebi, maSin saqme gvaqvs gansxvavebasTan
da kasacia dasaSvebia, damoukideblad imisa, Tu romel
kategorias ganekuTvneba an romeli samarTlebrivi
urTierTobidan gamomdinareobs dava.
am muxlis b qvepunqtis mixedviT Sesadarebeli
obieqtebia erTi mxriv saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba da meore mxriv - saqarTvelos uzenaesi
sasamarTlos praqtika. magram, praqtika aisaxeba sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebSi. es imas niSnavs, rom Sesadarebeli obieqtebia saapelacio sasamarTlo s gadawyvetileba, romelic emyareba identur samarTlebriv
normas (identur samarTlebriv sakiTxs) da am normis
azri da Sinaarsi gagebulia saapelacio sasamarTlos
mier sxvanairad, vidre sakasacio sasamarTlos mier.
pasuxebi romlebic gacemulia am sasamarTloTa gadawyvetilebebiT identur samarTlebriv sakiTxebze erTmaneTs ar Seesabameba da am Seusabamobas efuZneba saapelacio sasamarTlos gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba.
g) saapelacio sasamarTlos mier saqme ganxilulia mniSvnelovani saproceso darRveviT,
681
romelsac SeeZlo arsebiTad emoqmeda saqmis ganxilvis Sedegze

sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis am saproceso kriteriumis Camoyalibebisas, rogorc Cans, ar iqna miRebuli mxedvelobaSi 393-e muxlis me-3 nawili da 394-e
muxli (ix. am muxlebis komentari). am muxlebis Tanaxmad saproceso samarTlis norma darRveulad iTvleba, Tu aseT darRvevas arsebiTad araswori gadawyvetilebis gamotana moyva, amrigad, aseT saproceso
darRvevebs ukavSirdeba ara sakasacio saCivris dasaSveboba, aramed gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis
gauqmeba. gansxvaveba zemod dasaxelebul muxlebs
Soris mxolod erTia: 394-e muxlSi CamoTvlil saproceso darRvevebis Sefasebas im TvalsazrisiT, SeeZlo
Tu ara maT gamoewviaT araswori gadawyvetilebis gamotana, axdens TviTon kanonmdebeli. amitom, mosamarTle (sasamarTlo) am darRvevebs am TvalsazrisiT ar
afasebs. is mxolod adgens hqonda Tu ara 394-e muxlSi
CamoTvlili erT-erT saproceso darRvevas adgili da
Tu hqonda, gamoitans ganCinebas gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb. sxva SemTxvevaSi, e.i.
394-e muxlSi miTiTebuli darRvevebis farglebs iqeT,
saproceso darRvevebs, romlebsac emyareba sakasacio
saCivari. (ix.396-e muxlis v qvepunqtis komentari),
afasebs TviTon sasamarTlo im TvalsazrisiT, gamoiwvia Tu ara am darRvevebma araswori gadawyvetilebis
gamotana.
391-e muxlis me-5 nawilis g qvepunqti gansxvavdeba zemod dasaxelebuli muxlebisagan imiT, rom aq
saproceso darRvevas ukavSirdeba ara gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba, aramed sakasacio saCivris mxolod dasaSveboba. miuxedavad yovelive amisa, aq SeiZleba erT garemoebas mieqces yuradReba: gansxvavebiT 393-e muxlis me-3 nawilisa da 394-e
muxlisagan,sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobisaTvis sakmarisia, rom am saCivarSi miTiTebuli saproceso darRveva iZleodes safuZvels varaudisaTvis, rom aseT
682
darRvevas SeeZlo gamoewvia araswori gadawyvetilebis gamotana. Tu sakasacio saCivarSi miTiTebuli saproceso darRveva aZlevs sasamarTlos safuZvels aseTi
varaudisaTvis, saCivari daSvebuli unda iqnes. Tu
saqmis ganxilvis Sedegad varaudi gamarTldeba da
gairkveva, rom saproceso darRvevam marTlac gamoiwvia saqmeze araswori gadawyvetilebis gamotana,
sakasacio sasamarTlo gaauqmebs am gadawyvetilebas,
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi igi gamoitans ganCinebas sakasacio saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.
d) gasaCivrebulia saapelacio sasamarTlos meore dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba an ganCineba.
dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis ucvlelad datovebis Sesaxeb
es qvepunqti warmoadgens sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis kriteriums. igi miuTiTebs Tu romeli gadawyvetileba da ganCineba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sakasacio wesiT. es qvepunqti imeorebs 240-e muxlis me-3 nawils da 392-e muxlis me-2 nawils. (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
6. 391-e muxlis me-6 nawili gansazRvravs sakasacio
saCivris ganxilvis vadas (6 Tve). es vada iwyeba sakasacio saCivris warmoebaSi miRebis dRidan (401-e muxlis
pirveli nawili) da moicavs rogorc dasaSvebobis
Semowmebasa da Sesabamisi ganCinebis miRebas (403-e muxli), ise saqmis ganxilvas sakasacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) gamotaniT.
muxli 3911. saqmis gadacema saqarTve

los uzenaesi sasamarTlos
didi palatisTvis
1. saqmis sakasacio wesiT ganmxilvel sasamarTlos SeuZlia motivirebuli ganCinebiT
saqme gansaxilvelad gadasces saqarTvelos
uzenaesi sasamarTlos did palatas, Tu:
683
a) saqme Tavisi SinaarsiT warmoadgens

iSviaT samarTlebriv problemas;
b) sakasacio palata ar iziarebs sxva
sakasacio palatis mier adre Camoyalibebul samarTlebriv Sefasebas (normis ganmartebas);
g) sakasacio palata ar iziarebs didi
palatis mier adre Camoyalibebul samarTlebriv Sefasebas (normis ganmartebas).
2. did palataSi saqme sakasacio wesiT
ganixileba am kodeqsisa da saqarTvelos
uzenaesi sasamarTlos Sesaxeb saqarTvelos organuli kanonis Sesabamisad.
1. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos didi palata
sakasacio sasamarTloa da saqmeebs ganixilavs sakasacio wesiT. did palatas saqme SeiZleba gadasces gansaxilvelad amave uzenaesi sasamarTlos sakasacio palatam, amisaTvis sakasacio palatam unda gamoitanos motivirebuli (dasabuTebuli) ganCineba. am ganCinebis
motivirebis zogadi (SefasebiTi) kriteriumebi Camoyalibebulia am muxlis pirvel nawilSi. cxadia, rom ganCinebaSi mxolod am zogad kriteriumebze miTiTeba ar
kmara, sakasacio palatam unda miuTiTos Tu romelma
garemoebebma ganapirobes saqmis did palataze gadacemis aucilebloba.
didi palatisaTvis saqmis gansaxilvelad gadacema
dasaSvebia Semdeg SemTxvevebSi:
a) saqme Tavisi SinaarsiT warmoadgens iSviaT samarTlebriv problemas
iSviaToba ganekuTvneba samarTlebriv problemas,
magram es samarTlebrivi problema ar SeiZleba ganvixiloT sasamarTloSi aRZruli saqmisagan ganyenebulad,
rogorc amas SeiZleba hqondes adgili samecniero kvlevis dros. samarTlebrivi problema uSualod unda
ukavSirdebodes saqmes, anu saqme Tavisi SinaarsiT warmoSobs samarTlebriv problemas. cxadia, es araa sak684
marisi am saqmis didi palatisaTvis gadasacemad. nebismieri samoqalaqo saqmis gadawyveta dakavSirebulia
ama Tu im samarTlebriv problemasTan, imisaTvis, rom
arsebobdes didi palatisaTvis saqmis gadacemis safuZveli, es problema unda gamomdinareobdes saqmis Sinaarsidan, iyos iSviaTi da saWiroebdes seriozul analizs rogorc faqtobrivi, ise samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT. swored faqtebis dadgena da am dadgenili
faqtebis samarTlebrivi Sefaseba erTobliobaSi unda
qmnidnen iseT problemas, romelic xasiaTdeba iSviaTobiT, sirTuliT, romlis praqtikuli gadaWris precedenti an ar arsebobs, an ukiduresad mcire raodenobiT mogvepoveba.
b) sakasacio palata ar iziarebs sxva sakasacio
palatis mier adre Camoyalibebul samarTlebriv Sefasebas (normis ganmartebas)
sakasacio palatis mier adre Camoyalibebuli samarTlebrivi Sefaseba, romelic safuZvlad daedo
sxva saqmeze mis mier miRebul gadawyvetilebas (ganCinebas), savaldebuloa sxva sakasacio palatebisaTvis
(am palatebis sxva SemadgenlobebisaTvis). maT ufleba ar aqvT gadauxvion am Sefasebebs, ufro metic, samarTlebrivi Sefaseba savaldebuloa im sakasacio palatisaTvisac, romelmac es Sefaseba Camoayaliba
(TviTSezRudvis principi). erTaderTi, rac sakasacio
palatas SeuZlia, roca igi ar eTanxmeba adre miRebul
samarTlebriv Sefasebas - esaa mimarTos did palatas
da gadasces mas saqme gansaxilvelad, romlis mier am
saqmeze gamotanil gadawyvetilebaSi (ganCinebaSi)
Camoyalibebuli samarTlebrivi Sefaseba savaldebulo iqneba yvela sakasacio palatisaTvis (SemadgenlobisaTvis), mxolod am gziT SeiZleba samarTlis normebis erTgvarovani gagebis miRweva, erTiani marTlmsajulebis uzrunvelyofa da samarTlis unifikaciis interesebis dacva.
TavisTavad cxadia, rom didi palatisaTvis saqmis
gadacemis Sesaxeb ganCineba motivirebuli unda iyos
685
im samarTlebriv Sefasebaze miTiTebiT, romelic

Camoyalibebuli iyo sakasacio palatis mier adre sxva
saqmeze miRebuli gadawyvetilebaSi, agreTve sakasacio palatis mosazrebaze imis Sesaxeb, Tu ratom ar
eTanxmeba da ar iziarebs am samarTlebriv Sefasebas.
g) sakasacio palata ar iziarebs didi palatis
mier adre Camoyalibebul sam arTlebriv Sefasebas
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos didi palata ar
warmoadgens sxva sakasacio palatebze zemdgom sakasacio sasamarTlos. igi aris sakasacio sasamarTlo,
romelsac sxva sakasacio palatebma SeiZleba gadascen
saqme mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac arsebobs kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli winapirobebi. amasTan erTad,
rogorc sakasacio palata misi samarTlebrivi Sexedulebebi Camoyalibebuli konkretul saqmeebze gamotanil gadawyvetilebebSi (ganCinebebSi), savaldebuloa sxva sakasacio palatebisaTvis. es imas niSnavs, rom
sxva sakasacio palatebma unda ixelmZRvanelon am samarTlebrivi SefasebebiT maT mier sxva saqmeebis gadawyvetisas. magram, Tu sakasacio palata ar iziarebs (ar
eTanxmeba) didi palatis mier adre Camoyalibebul samarTlebriv Sexedulebas, mas SeuZlia Tavisi motivirebuli ganCinebiT saqme gadasces gansaxilvelad
did palatas.
2. didi palata saqmeebs ganixilavs samoqalaqo
saproceso kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT. mas axasiaTebs Semdegi Taviseburebani: a) did palatas ver mimarTaven uSualod kasatorebi; b) didi palata ganixilavs saqmeebs Tu mas mimarTavs uSualod romelime
sakasacio palata; g) sakasacio palatis ganCineba saqmis did palataze gadacemis Sesaxeb motivirebuli
unda iyos: d) didi palata saqmeebs ganixilavs 9 mosamarTlis SemadgenlobiT; e) saqmis ganmxilvel SemadgenlobaSi Sedian am saqmis Tavdapireli ganmxilveli
mosamarTleebi; v) did palataSi saqmis ganxilvas
Tavmjdomareobs uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare
686
an, misi davalebiT - uzenaesi sasamarTlos erT-erTi

palatis Tavmjdomare (me-10 muxli).
muxli 392. dauswrebeli gadawyveti

lebis gasaCivrebis dauSvebloba
1. dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba ar SeiZleba sakasacio wesiT gaasaCivros im mxarem, romlis winaaRmdegac aris igi gamotanili.
2. sakasacio saCivari dasaSvebia mxolod
iseTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis mimarT,
romelic gamotanilia ganmeorebiT dauswreblobis Semdeg, ris gamoc igi aRar SeiZleba gasaCivrdes am gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTloSi. aseTi gadawyvetileba SeiZleba kasaciis wesiT gasaCivrdes
mxolod im safuZvliT, rom ar arsebobda
saTanado samarTlebrivi wanamZRvrebi.
1. saapelacio sasamarTlos mier gamotanili pirveli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes
mxolod saapelacio sasamarTloSi.
2. sakasacio wesiT SeiZleba gasaCivrdes mxolod
iseTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, romelic gamotanilia erTi da igive mxaris `ganmeorebiT dauswreblobis~, anu ganmeorebiT gamoucxadeblobis gamo.
_ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom saapelacio sasamarTlom,
romelmac dasaSvebad cno pirvel dauswrebel gadawyvetilebaze Semotanili saCivari da daniSna saqmis ganxilvis dRe, gaauqmos es gadawyvetileba, radgan mxaris
gamoucxadebloba marTlac gamowveuli iyo sapatio mizeziT (ssk-is 241-e muxli), xolo saqmis arsebiTad ganxilva sxva droisaTvis daniSnos. Tu saqmis arsebiTad
ganxilvisaTvis sxva droisaTvis daniSnul dRes kvlav
ar gamocxaddeba mxare, vis winaaRmdegac gamotanili iyo
pirveli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, saapelacio sa687
)
samarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos am mxaris winaaRmdeg dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba. es iqneba `ganmeorebiT dauswreblobis Sedegad~ mis winaaRmdeg gamotanili meore dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, da amitom igi SeiZleba gasaCivrdes mxolod sakasacio wesiT.
_ sakasacio wesiT gasaCivreba imas niSnavs, rom aseTi saCivari unda efuZnebodes kanonis darRvevas (sskis 393-e muxli). am konkretul SemTxvevaSi kanoni darRveulad iTvleba, Tu dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba
gamotanilia ssk-is 233-e da 241-e muxlebis moTxovnaTa gauTvaliswineblad (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
sakasacio saCivari dasaSvebia pirveli dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis ucvlelad datovebis Taobaze miRebul ganCinebazec.
magaliTad, Tu saapelacio sasamarTlom mxaris
gamoucxadeblobis gamo miiRo pirveli dauswrebeli
gadawyvetileba, romelzec im mxarem, romlis winaaRmdegac iyo gamotanili dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba,
Seitana saCivari am gadawyvetilebis gauqmebisa da saqmis arsebiTad ganxilvis Sesaxeb, magram sasamarTlom
ganCinebiT es saCivari ar daakmayofila. aseTi ganCineba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sakasacio wesiT. (240-e muxlis
me-2 da me-3 nawilebi)
muxli 393. sakasacio saCivris

safuZvlebi
1. sakasacio saCivari SeiZleba efuZnebodes mxolod imas, rom gadawyvetileba kanonis darRveviTaa gamotanili.
2. samarTlis normebi darRveulad iTvleba, Tu sasamarTlom:
a) ar gamoiyena kanoni, romelic unda
gamoeyenebina;
b) gamoiyena kanoni, romelic ar unda
gamoeyenebina;
g) arasworad ganmarta kanoni.
688
3. saproceso samarTlis normebis darRveva mxolod maSin SeiZleba gaxdes gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZveli, Tu am darRvevis Sedegad saqmeze araswori gadawyvetileba iqna gamotanili.
1. sakasacio sasamarTlo amowmebs gadawyvetilebas
mxolod samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT, e. i. ramdenad
sworadaa gamoyenebuli kanoni saapelacio sasamarTlos mier. amiT igi gansxvavdeba saapelacio sasamarTlosagan, romelsac SeuZlia Seamowmos gadawyvetileba rogorc faqtobrivi, ise samarTlebrivi dasabuTebulobis TvalsazrisiT.
_ sakasacio sasamarTlos aseTi amocaniTa da uflebamosilebiT aris ganpirobebuli am muxlis pirveli nawilis danawesi, romlis Tanaxmad sakasacio saCivari SeiZleba efuZnebodes mxolod kanonis darRvevas.
_ Tu sakasacio saCivari emyareba ara kanonis darRvevas, aramed gadawyvetilebis mxolod faqtobriv mxares, anu misi faqtobrivi garemoebebiT dausabuTeblobas, maSin aseTi saCivari ver CaiTvleba sakasacio
saCivrad. aseT SemTxvevaSi sakasacio sasamarTlom unda daavalos kasators Seavsos xarvezi. Tu xarvezi daniSnul vadaSi ar iqneba Sevsebuli, sakasacio saCivari
ar daiSveba da sakasacio sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas misi warmoebaSi miRebaze uarisTqmis Sesaxeb (sskis 401-e muxli).
2. sakasacio saCivari ar SeiZleba Semoifarglos
agreTve zogadi miTiTebiT imis Sesaxeb, rom gadawyvetilebis gamomtanma saapelacio sasamarTlom daarRvia samarTlis norma (kanoni).
sakasacio saCivarSi savaldebuloa imaze miTiTeba, Tu konkretulad ra saxiT (formiT) gamovlinda
kanonis es darRveva. kanonis darRvevis saxeebi ki Camoyalibebulia am muxlis me-2 nawilSi, rac imas niSnavs,
rom kasatorma Tavis sakasacio saCivarSi unda miuTiTos kanonis darRvevis erT-erT saxeze mainc, kerZod:
689
a) Tu kasators miaCnia, rom saapelacio sasamarTlom ar gamoiyena kanoni, romelic unda gamoeyenebina,
maSin man Tavis sakasacio saCivarSi unda miuTiTos, Tu
konkretulad raSi gamoixata aseTi darRveva (ar miuTiTa Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi kanonze, romelic unda
gamoeyenebina da saqme gadawyvita Tavisi mixedulebiT, maSin, rodesac unda gamoeyenebina moqmedi samarTlis esa Tu is norma, romelic am sadavo urTierTobas aregulirebs da a. S.);68
b) Tu kasators miaCnia, rom saapelacio sasamarTlom gamoiyena kanoni, romelic ar unda gamoeyenebina, man Tavis sakasacio saCivarSi unda miuTiTos, konkretulad raSi gamoixateba es darRveva (gamoiyena kanoni (samarTlis norma), romelic gauqmebulia, gamoiyena kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqti, romelic
ewinaaRmdegeba kanons, nacvlad Sromis samarTlis
normisa gamoiyena samoqalaqo samarTlebrivi norma,
ramac gamoiwvia sadavo urTierTobis araswori iuridiuli kvalifikacia, nacvlad sanivTo samarTlebrivi normebisa gamoiyena valdebulebiTi samarTlebrivi norma da a. S.); 69
g) Tu kasators miaCnia, rom saapelacio sasamarTlom, marTalia, gamoiyena kanoni, romelic unda gamoeyenebina, magram arasworad gaigo am kanonis azri da Sinaarsi, anu arasworad ganmarta igi, man unda miuTiTos,
konkretulad raSi gamoixateba am kanonis araswori gageba.70
3. saproceso kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebulia SemTxvevebi, rodesac saproceso normis darRveva iwvevs gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis savaldebulo gauqmebas
(ix. ssk-is 394-e muxlis komentari), magram es srulebiT ar niSnavs imas, rom sxva SemTxvevaSi saproceso
68
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #9, gv.2296-2298
69
70
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2001, #3, gv. 283-287
690
normis darRvevam ar SeiZleba gamoiwvios gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba.

_ saproceso normebis darRvevis gamo gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis kanoniT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebuli
SemTxvevebis farglebs garda, sakiTxis gadawyveta imis
Sesaxeb, unda gauqmdes Tu ara gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba ama Tu im konkretuli saproceso samarTlebrivi normis darRvevis gamo, mindobili aqvs sakasacio sasamarTlos. magaliTad, saapelacio sasamarTlom ar gadaugzavna mowinaaRmdege mxares saapelacio saCivrisa
da damatebiT Semosuli masalebis aslebi (ssk-is 373-e
muxli), sasamarTlom ar ganixila kanoniT dadgenili wesiT mosamarTlis mimarT gancxadebuli acileba (ssk-is
34-e muxli), sasamarTlom ar misca mxares SesaZlebloba monawileoba mieRo paeqrobaSi (ssk-is 227-e muxli),
sasamarTlom ar miiRo Segebebuli saapelacio saCivari, radgan mxares uari hqonda naTqvami saapelacio wesiT gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebaze (ssk-is 379-e muxli),
sasamarTlom ar misca ufleba mosarCeles Seecvala sarCelis safuZveli, romlis Sesaxeb man droulad ganacxada (ssk-is 83-e muxlis me-2 nawili) da a. S.
saproceso darRvevas, im TvalsazrisiT, gamoiwvia
Tu ara man, an SeeZlo Tu ara mas gamoewvia araswori
gadawyvetilebis gamotana, afasebs zemdgomi sasamarTlo, romelic ixilavs saCivars. imis mixedviT, Tu rogori iqneba es Sefaseba, zemdgomi sasamarTlo (apelacia, kasacia) gamoitans Sesabamis gadawyvetilebas (ganCinebas).71

absoluturi safuZvlebi
gadawyvetileba yovelTvis CaiTvleba kanonis darRveviT miRebulad, Tu:
71
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #8, gv. 2199-2201.
691
a) saqme ganixila sasamarTlos arakanonierma Semadgenlobam;

b) sasamarTlom saqme ganixila erT-erTi
mxaris dauswreblad, romelsac ar miuRia
Setyobineba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT an
misi kanonieri warmomadgenlis gareSe, Tu
aseTi warmomadgenloba kanoniT iyo gaTvaliswinebuli, garda im SemTxvevebisa, roca
aseTi kanonieri warmomadgeneli cnobs sasamarTlo procesis warmarTvis marTlzomierebas;
g) gadawyvetileba gamotanilia saqmeze,
romelic sasamarTlos uwyebrivad ar eqvemdebareba;
d) gadawyvetileba miRebulia saqmis zepiri ganxilvis safuZvelze, romlis drosac darRveulia procesis sajaroobis wesebi;
e) gadawyvetileba iuridiulad ar aris
sakmarisad dasabuTebuli;
e1) gadawyvetilebis dasabuTeba imdenad
arasrulia, rom misi samarTlebrivi safuZvlianobis Semowmeba SeuZlebelia;
v) gadawyvetilebas xels ar aweren is
mosamarTleebi, romlebic gadawyvetilebaSi arian aRniSnulni;
z) gadawyvetileba gamotanilia im mosamarTleebis mier, romlebic am saqmis ganxilvaSi adre monawileobdnen;
T) saqmeSi ar aris saapelacio sasamarTlos sxdomis oqmi.
es muxli Seicavs saproceso darRvevebis CamonaTvals, romlebic TviT kanonmdeblis mieraa Sefasebuli iseT darRvevebad, romlebic aucileblad iwvevs
gadawyvetilebis gauqmebas (kanoniT calsaxad gansaz-
692
Rvruli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZvlebi). aq sasamarTlos mixedulebisaTvis adgili ar rCeba.

a) sasamarTlos arakanonieri Semadgenloba SeiZleba sxvadasxvanairad gamovlindes, magaliTad, saqme ganixila mosamarTlem, an kolegiur SemadgenlobaSi aris
mosamarTle, romelic gaTavisuflebulia an gadayenebulia Tanamdebobidan, an kidev, romelsac jer ar miucia fici;72 saqmes kolegiuri SemadgenlobiT ixilavs
ara sami, aramed ori mosamarTle (ssk-is 25-e muxli);
saqme ganixila an saqmis ganxilvaSi monawileobs mosamarTle, miuxedavad imisa, rom mas ganucxades acileba da es acileba miiRo sasamarTlom; sasamarTlos SemadgenlobaSi arian erTmaneTis axlo naTesavebi (sskis 30-e muxli) da a. S.;
sasamarTlo praqtikaSi aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac
administraciul davas, romlis gadawyveta unda moxdes administraciuli saqmeebis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetis saproceso wesebis Tanaxmad, ganixilavs samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palata da
piriqiT.
SeiZleba Tu ara ukanono Semadgenlobad gamovacxadoT sasamarTlo mxolod imitom, rom man nebiT Tu
uneblieT ganixila arasaqveuwyebo an aragansjadi
saqme?
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo
saqmeTa da administraciul saqmeTa palatebis pozicia am sakiTxze xSirad aseTia: saqmis ganxilva aragansjadi sasamarTlos mier niSnavs am saqmis ganxilvas sasamarTlos arakanonieri Semadgenlobis mier,
rac am gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis absoluturi
safuZvelia.73
sasamarTlos arakanonieri Semadgenloba - esaa am
72
saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos organuli kanonis

50-e da 55-e muxlebi.
73
susg administraciul saqmeebze, saqme #bs 615-201-09.VI.0 5
susg administraciul saqmeebze, saqme #bs-664-251-29.VI.05
693
Semadgenlobis Sinagani maxasiaTebeli. igi aseTad darCeba nebismier SemTxvevaSi, miuxedavad imisa ganixilavs saqmeebs gansjadobisa da saqveuwyebobis wesebis dacviT Tu ara. mxedvelobidan ar SeiZleba gauSvaT
is, rom samoqalaqo saproceso samarTlis calkeul instituts ukavSirdeba misTvis damaxasiaTebeli Sedegebi. am Sedegebis sxva institutebidan dasesxebas SeiZleba moyves seriozuli Secdomebi. magaliTad, 21-e
muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis arsebobisas
aragansjadi sasamarTlo SeiZleba gansjadi gaxdes,
roca mopasuxe araa winaaRmdegi rom saqme ganixilos
aragansjadma sasamarTlom da a.S. magram sasamarTlos
arakanonieri Semadgenloba verasdros ver gardaiqmneba kanonier Semadgenlobad, Tu ar aRmoifxvra mizezebi, romlebmac ganapirobes am Semadgenlobis arakanoniereba.
b) sasamarTlo ver ganixilavs saqmes da ver gamoitans gadawyvetilebas (verc Cveulebrivs da verc dauswrebels), Tu winaswar ar Seatyobina mxareebs ssk-is
70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT74 (ix. am muxlebis
komentari).
_ sasamarTlos SeuZlia ganixilos da gadawyvitos
saqme erT-erTi mxaris dauswreblad, oRond erTi aucilebeli pirobiT, Tu am mxares droulad Cabarda uwyeba sasamarTlo sxdomis Sesaxeb, e. i. droulad hqonda miRebuli Setyobineba saqmis ganxilvis dRis Taobaze da miuxedavad amisa, ar gamocxadda sasamarTlo
sxdomaze (ssk-is 229-e da 230-e muxlebi).
_ ssk-is 101-e muxlis Tanaxmad, qmeduunaro moqalaqis, agreTve SezRuduli qmedunarianobis mqone moqalaqis uflebebsa da kanoniT dacul interesebs sasamarTloSi icaven maTi kanonieri warmomadgenlebi (ix.
am muxlis komentari). is, rac zemoT iTqva mxareebis
mimarT, mTlianad exeba agreTve kanonier warmomad-
74
694
genlebs, romelTa Setyobinebis gareSe saqmis ganxilva da gadawyvetilebis gamotana dauSvebelia.

_ mxares SeuZlia awarmoos saqme sasamarTloSi piradad an warmomadgenlis meSveobiT. saqmis warmoeba
warmomadgenlis meSveobiT ar arTmevs uflebas mxareebs TviTonac piradad miiRon monawileoba saqmeSi (sskis 93-e muxlis me-2 nawili).
aqedan gamomdinare, saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi
warmomadgenlis meSveobiT ar aTavisuflebs sasamarTlos movaleobisagan, gaugzavnos Setyobineba uSualod mxares (ssk-is 70-e muxli);
g) samoqalaqo saqmeebis saerTo sasamarTloebisadmi uwyebrivi qvemdebareobis zogad kriteriums Seicavs ssk-is me-11 muxli (ix. am muxlis komentari). miuxedavad imisa, rom saerTo sasamarTloebis kompetencia sagrZnoblad gafarTovda, aris iseTi kategoria
saqmeebisa, romlebic uwyebrivad araa maTi qvemdebare da unda ganixilos sakonstitucio sasamarTlom, saarbitraJo sasamarTlom an xelisuflebis romelime
organom.
_ Tu saqme ar eqvemdebareba uwyebrivad sasamarTlos, mas ufleba ara aqvs ganixilos da gadawyvitos igi.
aseTi saqme sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos warmoebaSi
(ssk-is 186-e muxlis à~ qvepunqti) an, Tu SecdomiT miiRo, an saqmis ganxilvis procesSi gamovlinda, rom es
saqme sasamarTlom ar unda ganixilos, gamoitanos ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb (ssk-is 272-e
muxlis à~ qvepunqti);
d) am qvepunqts mxedvelobaSi aqvs iseTi viTareba,
rodesac sasamarTlos ar miuRia ganCineba saqmis daxurul sxdomaze ganxilvis Sesaxeb, magram faqtobrivad es saqme ganixila daxurul sxdomaze da dainteresebul pirebs ar miecaT saSualeba daswrebodnen saqmis ganxilvas;
e) sakasacio sasamarTlo amowmebs gadawyvetilebas
samarTlebrivi dasabuTebulobis TvalsazrisiT. Sesamowmebeli gadawyvetilebis samotivacio nawilSi mi695
TiTebuli unda iyos kanonebze, romlebiTac ixelmZRvanela sasamarTlom (ssk-is 249-e muxlis me-4 nawili).
cxadia, rom marto kanonebze miTiTeba ar aris sakmarisi. am gadawyvetilebis gamomtanma sasamarTlom unda daasabuTos, Tu ratom ixelmZRvanela am kanoniT.
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gadawyvetilebaSi saerTod
araa miTiTebuli kanonze, romliTac ixelmZRvanela sasamarTlom, an kidev, miTiTebulia, magram araa dasabuTebuli (motivirebuli), Tu ratom gamoiyena saxeldobr es kanoni (samarTlis norma), ris gamoc sakasacio
wesiT gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis samarTlebrivi
dasabuTebulobis (safuZvlianobis) Semowmeba SeuZlebelia, aseTi gadawyvetileba unda gauqmdes;
e1) sakasacio sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebaSi (ganCinebaSi) Camoyalibebuli samarTlebrivi Sefasebis siswore, misi Sesabamisoba samarTlis normis Semadgenlobis abstraqtul
niSnebTan, normis azrTan da SinaarsTan. magram es SeuZlebeli iqneba, Tu gadawyvetilebidan ar Cans romeli faqtebi CaTvala saapelacio sasamarTlom dadgenilad da, maSasadame, romeli faqtebi Seafasa man iuridiulad, romel faqtebs mianiWa an ar mianiWa iuridiuli mniSvneloba am gadawyvetilebisaTvis da a.S. cxadia, rom gadawyvetilebis Semowmeba saerTod SeuZlebelia, Tu ar Cans romel faqtobriv da samarTlebriv
safuZvlebs emyareba igi.
magaliTi:
sakasacio sasamarTlom gaauqma gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba da miuTiTa, rom ar aris dadgenili arc
erTi faqtobrivi garemoeba, ar aris aRniSnuli sasamarTlos daskvnebi da mosazrebani. kanoni moiTxovs
dadgenili faqtebis Sefasebas samarTlis normebiT.
Sesabamisad, sakasacio sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom vinaidan mocemul saqmeze ar aris dadgenili faqtobrivi
garemoebebi, gadawyvetilebis samarTlebrivi Sefaseba SeuZlebelia. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, gadawyve696
tileba imdenad dausabuTebelia, rom igi samoqalaqo

saproceso kodeqsis 394-e muxlis è~ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad iTvleba kanonis darRveviT miRebul gadawyvetilebad.
aRniSnulis gamo gadawyvetileba gauqmda da saqme
xelaxla gansaxilvelad daubrunda imave sasamarTlos.75
v) ssk-is 249-e muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, gadawyvetilebis Sesaval nawilSi unda aRiniSnos am gadawyvetilebis gamomtani sasamarTlos Semadgenloba (ix.
am muxlis komentari). cxadia, rom gadawyvetilebas
xels unda awerdes is mosamarTle (mosamarTleebi), romelic aRniSnulia am gadawyvetilebis Sesaval nawilSi. Tu es ase araa, e. i. gadawyvetilebas xels awers ara
is mosamarTle, romelic aRniSnulia gadawyvetilebaSi, aramed sxva mosamarTle an sxva mosamarTleebi, maSin gadawyvetileba udavod unda gauqmdes.
_ gadawyvetileba unda gauqmdes im SemTxvevaSic,
rodesac saqmis masalebidan utyuarad Cans, rom saqmis ganxilvaSi monawileobda sxva mosamarTle, xolo
gadawyvetilebaSi miTiTebulia da am gadawyvetilebas
xels awers sxva mosamarTle;
z) am qvepunqts mxedvelobaSi aqvs erTi da igive mosamarTlis monawileoba erTsa da imave saqmeze sasamarTlos sxvadasxva instanciebSi, rac dauSvebelia
ssk-is 29-e muxliT (ix. am muxlis komentari);
T) sxdomis oqmi aris uaRresad mniSvnelovani saproceso dokumenti, romelSic aisaxeba procesis msvleloba (saproceso moqmedebani) mTlianad, mxareTa da mesame pirTa axsna-ganmartebebi, mowmeTa Cvenebebi, eqspertisa da specialistis mosazrebebi, mxareTa warmomadgenlebis mosazrebebi, mtkicebulebaTa Semowmebis,
kerZod, adgilze daTvalierebis Sedegebi da a. S.
cxadia, rom oqmis gareSe SeuZlebelia gadawyvetilebis Semowmeba, sakasacio saCivris safuZvlianobis
75
697
garkveva; oqmis Sedgena savaldebuloa (ssk-is 287-e

muxli).
magaliTi:
sakasacio palatam daakmayofila sakasacio saCivari, amasTan ganmarta, rom saqmeSi warmodgenil saapelacio sasamarTlos sxdomis oqms xels ar awerda sxdomis Tavmjdomare, ris gamoc sxdomis oqmi ar SeiZleboda iuridiuli Zalis mqone dokumentad CaTvliliyo. mocemul SemTxvevaSi samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 394-e muxlis `T~ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, aRniSnuli garemoeba gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis absolutur safuZvels warmoadgens. sakasacio palatam CaTvala, rom saqmeSi ar aris iuridiuli Zalis mqone saapelacio sasamarTlos sxdomis oqmi, rac gaxda miTiTebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZveli.76
muxli 395. sakasacio saCivris Setana

sakasacio saCivari Seitaneba werilobiTi
formiT im sasamarTloSi, romelmac gamoitana gadawyvetileba.
_ am muxlis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT SeiZleba
wamoiWras sakiTxi: unda CaiTvalos Tu ara sakasacio
saCivari Setanilad im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac am muxlis
danawesis miuxedavad igi Setanilia ara gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTloSi, aramed
uSualod sakasacio sasamarTloSi.
es sakiTxi dadebiTad unda gadawydes igive argumentebis safuZvelze, romlebic miTiTebulia ssk-is
367-e muxlis komentirebisas (ix. am muxlis komentari).
_ amrigad, sakasacio saCivris uSualod sakasacio
sasamarTloSi Setana unda CaiTvalos dasaSvebad da
76
698
sakasacio sasamarTlom unda gamoiTxovos saqme Sesabamisi sasamarTlodan.

Sinaarsi
1. sakasacio saCivari unda Seicavdes:
a) im sasamarTlos dasaxelebas, romlis
saxelzedac Sedgenilia saCivari;
b) im piris dasaxelebasa da misamarTs,
romelsac Seaqvs saCivari;
g) gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis zust
dasaxelebasa da miTiTebas am gadawyvetilebis damdgen sasamarTloze;
d) miTiTebas imis Taobaze, Tu gadawyvetilebis ra nawilia gasaCivrebuli;
e) miTiTebas, Tu ra moculobiT saCivrdeba gadawyvetileba, gasaCivrebis safuZvlebs (kasaciis mizezebi) da ganmartebas
imis Taobaze, moiTxovs Tu ara momCivani
gadawyvetilebis gauqmebasa Tu Secvlas (kasaciis ganacxadi);
v) miTiTebas im faqtebsa da mtkicebulebebze, romlebic adastureben saproceso
samarTlis normebis darRvevas, Tu sakasacio saCivari saproceso normebis darRvevas emyareba;
z) sakasacio saCivarze darTul werilobiTi masalebis nusxas;
T) sakasacio saCivris Semtani piris xelmoweras.
2. warmomadgenlis mier Setanil sakasacio saCivars unda daerTos mindobiloba,
romelic adasturebs warmomadgenlis uflebamosilebas sakasacio saCivris Setanaze, Tu aseTi uflebamosilebis damadasturebeli sabuTi ar aris saqmeSi.
699
3. Tu sakasacio saCivari ar upasuxebs aq

CamoTvlil moTxovnebs an saxelmwifo baJi
ar aris gadaxdili, sasamarTlo avalebs
saCivris Semtan pirs, Seavsos xarvezi, risTvisac uniSnavs mas vadas. Tu am vadaSi
xarvezi ar iqneba Sevsebuli an sakasacio
saCivari ar aris Setanili kanoniT dadgenil vadaSi, sakasacio saCivari ganuxilveli darCeba.
1. sakasacio saCivari unda pasuxobdes am muxlis yvela moTxovnas, romelTa mixedviT Sedgenili saCivari
qmnis sakasacio saCivris Sinaarss.
a) miuxedavad imisa, rom sakasacio saCivari Setanil
unda iqnes sakasacio wesiT gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTloSi (ssk-is 395-e muxli),
misi adresati aris sakasacio sasamarTlo da, amitom,
igi unda Seicavdes ara im sasamarTlos dasaxelebas,
romelSic uSualod Seitaneba saCivari, aramed sakasacio sasamarTlos dasaxelebas, romelmac unda ganixilos sakasacio saCivari;
b) sakasacio saCivris Setanis ufleba aqvT mxareebs
da ssk-is 391-e muxlis pirveli nawilis komentarSi miTiTebul sxva pirebs (ix. am muxlis pirveli nawilis komentari _ sakasacio gasaCivrebis subieqtebi).
cxadia, rom Tu sakasacio saCivari Seaqvs am pirTagan romelimes, es saCivari unda Seicavdes am piris dasaxelebas (rekvizitebs). sakasacio saCivari SeiZleba
Seitanos warmomadgenelmac (ix. am muxlis me-2 nawilis
komentari). aseT SemTxvevaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos am
warmomadgenlis dasaxeleba da misamarTi, rac ar gamoricxavs paralelurad marwmuneblis dasaxelebisa
da misamarTis miTiTebas;
g) sakasacio saCivari unda Seicavdes gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebisa da gadawyvetilebis mimRebi sasamarTlos zust dasaxelebas;
d) sakasacio sasamarTlo amowmebs gadawyvetilebas
700
sakasacio saCivris farglebSi (ssk-is 404-e muxli). amitom, sakasacio saCivarSi naTlad da garkveviT unda iyos
miTiTebuli gadawyvetilebis romeli nawilia gasaCivrebuli, Tu gadawyvetileba mTlianad ar saCivrdeba.
_ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom kasatorma mTlianad gaasaCivros gadawyvetileba, rogorc im nawilSi, romelic
mis sasargeblodaa gamotanili, ise im nawilSic, romelic gamotanilia mis sawinaaRmdegod. aseTi saCivris
farglebis gansazRvris dros sakasacio sasamarTlom
unda CaTvalos, rom gasaCivrebulia mxolod gadawyvetilebis is nawili, romelic kasatoris winaaRmdegaa gamotanili: kasators ufleba ara aqvs gaasaCivros gadawyvetilebis is nawili, romelic mis sasargeblodaa gamotanili. amitom, sakasacio sasamarTlom unda
Seamowmos gadawyvetilebis mxolod is nawili, romelic
kasatoris sawinaaRmdegodaa gamotanili.
e) sakasacio sasamarTlo amowmebs gadawyvetilebis
kanonierebas, mis samarTlebriv dasabuTebas. amitom,
sakasacio saCivars safuZvlad SeiZleba daedos mxolod kanonis darRveva, rasac sxvagvarad uwodeben kasaciis mizezs (ix. ssk-is 393-e muxlis komentari).
_ sakasacio saCivarSi miTiTebuli unda iyos: kasatori gadawyvetilebis mTlianad an nawilobriv gauqmebas, Tu gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis Secvlas da
axali gadawyvetilebis gamotanas moiTxovs. es aris is,
rasac kasaciis ganacxadi ewodeba.
- xSirad sakasacio saCivarSi Camoyalibebulia Txovna, rom sakasacio sasamarTlom TviTon gamoitanos
axali gadawyvetileba an daabrunos saqme xelaxla gansaxilvelad ukan.
sakasacio sasamarTlo kasatoris aseTi TxovniT araa
SeboWili. mas SeuZlia, Tu amisaTvis arsebobs Sesabamisi pirobebi, daakmayofilos kasatoris Txovna, magaliTad, gaauqmos gadawyvetileba da TviTon gamoitanos
axali gadawyvetileba, rogorc amas kasatori moiTxovda, magram SeuZlia gaauqmos gadawyvetileba da miuxedavad kasatoris Txovnisa, daabrunos saqme ukan xelax701
la gansaxilvelad, an miuxedavad imisa, rom kasatori

moiTxovda gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) gauqmebas da
saqmis xelaxali ganxilvisaTvis dabrunebas, gaauqmos
gadawyvetileba da saqmis xelaxla gansaxilvelad dabrunebis nacvlad, TviTon miiRos axali gadawyvetileba _ daakmayofilos sarCeli, an uari uTxras sarCelze,
Tu saqmeze faqtobrivi garemoebebi saproceso normebis darRvevis gareSea dadgenili da saWiro ar aris mtkicebulebaTa damatebiTi gamokvleva.
v) sakasacio sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis faqtobriv dasabuTebulebas ar amowmebs da amitom man ar unda ganixilos faqtebi da ar unda miiRos axali mtkicebulebebi maT dasadastureblad.
_ erTaderTi SemTxveva, rodesac sakasacio sasamarTlo amowmebs faqtebsa da mtkicebulebebs, maT Soris
iRebs kasatorisagan am mtkicebulebebs, esaa iseTi SemTxveva, rodesac sakasacio saCivari emyareba saproceso normebis darRvevebs (damatebiTi da dasabuTebuli sakasacio pretenzia). es wesi damkvidrebulia agreTve ssk-is 407-e muxliT (ix. am muxlis komentari);
z) Tu sakasacio saCivars erTvis werilobiTi masalebi, aucilebelia, rom es saCivari Seicavdes am masalebis nusxas (CamonaTvals). sakasacio sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos am CamonaTvalis Sesabamisoba TandarTul
masalebTan da Tu aRmoCndeba Seusabamoba, magaliTad,
CamonaTvalSi miTiTebulia iseT sabuTze, romelic sinamdvileSi ar erTvis sakasacio saCivars, es aris xarvezi, romelic unda Seavsos kasatorma sakasacio sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi, magram sakasacio saCivarSi miTiTebuli danarTis warmoudgenlobam xarvezis Sesavsebad micemuli vadis gasvlis Semdeg ar SeiZleba gamoiwvios sakasacio saCivris ganuxilvelad datoveba, Tuki sakasacio saCivari sxva mxriv akmayofilebs kanonis moTxovnas (ix. am muxlis me-3 nawili).
T) sakasacio saCivari SeiZleba Seitanos, rogorc
uSualod mxarem, ise misma warmomadgenelma. saCivars
xels unda awerdes is piri, visac Seaqvs saCivari. wina702
aRmdeg SemTxvevaSi es iqneba xarvezi, romelic aucileblad unda Seivsos.

2. warmomadgenloba TavisTavad ar aniWebs warmomadgenels uflebas Seitanos sakasacio saCivari.
amisaTvis saWiroa, rom amis Taobaze specialurad
iyos mindobilobaSi miTiTebuli ssk-is 98-e muxlis Sesabamisad. Tu aseTi mindobiloba adre iyo gacemuli
da igi erTvis saqmes, maSin warmomadgenelma unda miuTiTos amis Sesaxeb mis mier warmodgenil sakasacio saCivarSi. Tu aseTi mindobiloba adre ar iyo gacemuli,
maSin man unda daurTos sakasacio saCivars axlad gacemuli mindobiloba. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi es iqneba xarvezi, romelic aucileblad unda Seivsos. amasTan
warmomadgenloba unda akmayofilebdes 440-e muxlis
moTxovnebs.
3. sakasacio sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba sakasacio saCivris xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb, Tu sakasacio
saCivris Sinaarsi ar pasuxobs amave muxlis pirvel nawilSi CamoTvlil moTxovnebs, ar aris gadaxdili saxelmwifo baJi, sakasacio saCivari Setanilia warmomadgenlis mier, romelsac ar gaaCnia saTanadod Sedgenili mindobiloba (uflebamosileba sakasacio wesiT gasaCivrebaze specialuri miTiTebiT) an 440-e muxlSi
miTiTebuli advokatTa asociaciis wevrobis damadasturebeli dokumenti da sakasacio saCivris sagnis Rirebuleba eWvs iwvevs (ssk-is 391-e muxlis me-3 nawili).77
_ ganCinebaSi unda mieTiTos xarvezis Sevsebis vada.
vada unda ganisazRvros gonivrulad imis mixedviT, Tu
ra xasiaTis xarvezia Sesavsebi. es vada mxaris SuamdgomlobiT, an Tavisi iniciativiT SeiZleba gaagrZelos
sakasacio sasamarTlom. vada gagrZelebulad iTvleba,
Tu amis Sesaxeb miRebuli iqneba ganCineba. garda amisa
vada gagrZelebulad SeiZleba CaiTvalos maSinac, Tuki
sasamarTlos ar miuRia ganCineba xarvezis Sesavsebad
77
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo

da gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2004 wlis 20 ianvris ganCineba,
#as-769-1394-03
703
micemuli vadis gagrZelebis Sesaxeb, magram xarvezis

Sesavsebad micemuli vadis gasvlis Semdegac ar miiRo
Sesabamisi ganCineba. aseT SemTxvevaSi vada SeiZleba gasulad CaiTvalos mxolod maSin, rodesac miRebuli iqneba ganCineba sakasacio saCivris warmoebaSi miRebaze
uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb (401-e muxli).
_ sakasacio saCivris warmoebaSi miRebaze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi kasators unda daubrundes mis mier
Setanili saxelmwifo baJi.

Setanis vada
1. sakasacio saCivris Setanis vadaa 1 Tve.
am vadis gagrZeleba (aRdgena) ar SeiZleba
da igi iwyeba mxarisaTvis gadawyvetilebis
gadacemis momentidan.
2. Tu dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebas eswreba sakasacio saCivris Setanis uflebis mqone piri, sakasacio saCivris Setanis vada iwyeba misi gamocxadebis
momentidan. gadawyvetilebis gadacemis momentad iTvleba am gadawyvetilebis aslis
mxarisaTvis Cabareba uSualod sasamarTloSi an misi mxarisaTvis am kodeqsis 7078-e muxlebis Sesabamisad gadagzavnis dro.
1. iseT pirobebSi, rodesac gadawyvetilebis sakasacio wesiT gasaCivrebis vadis gagrZeleba (aRdgena)
dauSvebelia, gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens imis
zustad da Seucdomlad gansazRvra, Tu saidan iwyeba
am vadis dena.
am muxlSi aris drois sam monakveTze miTiTeba, saidanac iwyeba gasaCivrebis vada, esaa:
a) dasabuTebuli (motivirebuli) gadawyvetilebis
gamocxadeba, magram erTi aucilebeli pirobiT, Tu am
gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebas eswrebodnen mxareebi
704
da sakasacio gasaCivrebis sxva subieqtebi (ssk-is 391e muxli), an kidev, maTi warmomadgenlebi, romlebsac
hqondaT micemuli uflebamosileba gaesaCivrebinaT
gadawyvetileba sakasacio wesiT;
b) dasabuTebuli (motivirebuli) gadawyvetilebis
aslis Cabareba mxarisaTvis, romelic mis gamocxadebas ar eswreboda;
g) dasabuTebuli (motivirebuli) gadawyvetilebis
aslis mxarisaTvis kanoniT dadgenili wesiT gagzavnis dro.
amrigad, miTiTebuli normis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, Tu sakasacio saCivris Setanis uflebis mqone piri eswreboda saapelacio sasamarTlos mier dasabuTebuli (motivirebuli) gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebas
(rac unda dadgindes sasamarTlos sxdomis oqmis mixedviT), maSin sakasacio saCivris Setanis vada iwyeba
misi gamocxadebis momentidan, xolo im SemTxvevaSi,
Tu saapelacio sasamarTlos mier saqmeze gamocxadebulia mxolod gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawili,
maSin unda gairkves, uSualod rodis Cabarda mxares
gadawyvetilebis asli (gadawyvetilebis gadacemis momenti) , rac SeiZleba dadgindes saqmeSi arsebuli, amis
Taobaze Sedgenili xelweriliT an sxva oficialuri
dokumentiT (Setyobineba safosto gzavnilebis Cabarebis Sesaxeb da sxv.). saqmeSi aucileblad unda iyos
cnoba, rom am wesiT gagzavnili gadawyvetilebis asli
Cabarda adresats.
_ sakasacio saCivris erTTviani vadis gamoTvlisas
mxedvelobaSia misaRebi samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis me-60 muxliT dadgenili wesi, kerZod, is, rom TveebiT gamosaTvleli saproceso vadis aTvla unda daiwyos im kalendaruli TariRis an movlenis dadgomis
Semdgomi dRidan, romliTac gansazRvrulia misi dasawyisi (ix. am muxlis komentari);
_ aseve gasaTvaliswinebelia samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 61-e muxliT dadgenili wesi, romlis Tanaxmad TveebiT gamosaTvleli vada gasulad CaiTvle705
ba vadis ukanaskneli Tvis Sesabamis Tvesa da ricxvSi.

Tu TveebiT gamosaTvleli vadis ukanaskneli dRe emTxveva uqme da dasvenebis dRes, vadis damTavrebis
dRed unda CaiTvalos misi momdevno pirveli samuSao
dRe (ix. am muxlis komentari).
saqmis masalebiT ver dgindeba dasabuTebuli gadawyvetileba iqna gamocxadebuli, Tu misi sarezolucio nawili, aseve saqmis masalebiT ar dasturdeba mxareze gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis aslis Cabarebis faqti.
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sxdomis oqmidan ar Cans, dasabuTebuli gadawyvetileba iqna gamocxadebuli Tu
mxolod misi sarezolucio nawili, an sxvagvarad eWvis qveS dgeba dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebis sakiTxi, rodesac ssk-is 249-e muxlis moTxovnaTa daucvelad gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilSi, aseve amave kodeqsis 288-e muxlis `m~ qvepunqtis Sesabamisad _ sxdomis oqmSi ganmartebuli ar aris
gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis wesi, maSin mxares sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis ufleba yovelTvis unda hqondes erTi Tvis vadaSi mis mier am
gadawyvetilebis aslis miRebis dRidan. im SemTxvevaSi ki, Tu saqmis masalebiT ver xerxdeba gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis aslis mxareze Cabarebis zusti TariRis dadgena, zogadsamarTlebrivi principebidan gamomdinare, aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli yvela eWvi unda gadawydes sakasacio (saapelacio)
saCivris Setanis uflebis mqone piris sasargeblod,
anu gasaCivrebis erTTviani vada ar unda iqnes miCneuli gasulad.78
78
706
muxli 398. saqmis gadagzavna

sakasacio sasamarTloSi
sakasacio saCivris Semosvlis Semdeg saapelacio sasamarTlo dauyovnebliv gadaugzavnis sakasacio sasamarTlos sakasacio
saCivars da mTlianad saqmes.
kanonis danawesis Tanaxmad (ssk-is 395-e muxli) sakasacio saCivari Setanil unda iqnes gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTloSi. es sasamarTlo saCivris dasaSvebobis Seumowmeblad dauyovnebliv agzavnis mas saqmesTan erTad sakasacio sasamarTloSi.
_ im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac miuxedavad kanonis danawesisa, sakasacio saCivari Setanilia uSualod sakasacio sasamarTloSi (ix. ssk-is 395-e muxlis komentari), gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gamomtani sasamarTlo sakasacio sasamarTlos moTxovnisTanave valdebulia gadaagzavnos saqme sakasacio sasamarTloSi.
707
T a v i XLIX
saqmis warmoeba sakasacio sasamarTloSi
muxli 399. zogadi debulebani

saqmis ganxilva sakasacio sasamarTloSi
warmoebs im wesebis dacviT, romlebic dadgenilia saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmeTa
ganxilvisaTvis, garda im gamonaklisebisa,
romelTac es Tavi Seicavs.
_ Tavis mxriv, saapelacio sasamarTlo saqmis warmoebisas xelmZRvanelobs im wesebiT, romlebic dadgenilia pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi saqmeTa warmoebisaTvis, im cvlilebebiTa da damatebebiT, rac
dadgenilia saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmeTa ganxilvisaTvis.
amrigad, sakasacio sasamarTloSi saqmeTa ganxilva warmoebs im wesebis dacviT, rac dadgenilia:
a) sakasacio sasamarTlosaTvis;
b) saapelacio sasamarTlosaTvis, rodesac sakasacio sasamarTlosaTvis raime gansxvavebuli wesi araa
dadgenili;
g) pirvel instanciaSi saqmeTa ganxilvisaTvis, rodesac ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebaTa SesrulebisaTvis raime gansxvavebuli wesi sakasacio da arc saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmeTa ganxilvisaTvis araa dadgenili.
_ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac kanonmdeblobaSi aris
xarvezi, sakasacio sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobs kanonis an samarTlis analogiiT (ssk-is me-7 muxli).
708

gadagzavna meore mxarisaTvis,
pasuxi sakasacio saCivarze
gansaxilvelad miRebis Semdeg sakasacio
saCivrisa da TandarTuli masalebis aslebi unda gadaegzavnos meore mxares, romelsac sakasacio sasamarTlo dauniSnavs vadas saCivarze werilobiTi pasuxis gasacemad.
_ sakasacio sasamarTlom unda moamzados saqme gansaxilvelad. amisaTvis sakasacio sasamarTlom sakasacio saCivari da masze darTuli werilobiTi masalebis
aslebi (Tu aseTi masalebi erTvis) Tavisi ganCinebiT
`sakasacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebisa da misi
momzadebis Sesaxeb~ unda gadaugzavnos mowinaaRmdege mxares. am ganCinebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos, Tu romel sakiTxebze unda gasces pasuxi mowinaaRmdege mxarem, kerZod:
a) cnobs Tu ara sakasacio saCivars;
b) Tu ar cnobs, ra konkretul mosazrebebs emyareba;
g) xom ar apirebs Segebebuli sakasacio saCivris Semotanas;
d) ra vadaSi unda iqnes warmodgenili werilobiTi
pasuxi;
e) gafrTxileba imis Sesaxeb, rom am vadis gasvlis
Semdeg mas erTmeva ufleba waradginos werilobiTi Sesagebeli;
v) saqmis sakasacio wesiT ganxilvis dRe, xolo Tu
sakasacio sasamarTlos saqmis zepiri ganxilva ar miaCnia saWirod (ssk-is 408-e muxlis me-3 nawili), maSin ganCinebaSi unda mieTiTos, rom saqme ganxiluli iqneba
zepiri ganxilvis gareSe da sakasacio sasamarTlos mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb ecnobebaT mxareebs, rac gulisxmobs miRebuli gadawyvetilebis aslebis mxareTaTvis gagzavnas.
709

dasaSvebobis Semowmeba
1. sakasacio saCivris Semosvlidan 10 dRis
vadaSi momxsenebelma mosamarTlem unda
Seamowmos, Setanilia Tu ara sakasacio
saCivari am kodeqsis 396-e muxlis moTxovnaTa dacviT, Tu sakasacio saCivari akmayofilebs aRniSnuli muxlis moTxovnebs,
igi warmoebaSi miiReba am kodeqsis 391-e
muxlis safuZvelze dasaSvebobis Sesamowmeblad
2. am muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul sakiTxebs momxsenebeli mosamarTle wyvets zepiri ganxilvis gareSe.
3. am kodeqsis 391-e muxlis safuZvelze
sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobas amowmebs
sasamarTlos kolegiuri Semadgenloba.
kolegia uflebamosilia aRniSnuli sakiTxi
gadawyvitos zepiri ganxilvis gareSe.
4. Tu sakasacio saCivari dauSveblad
iqneba miCneuli, pirs daubrundeba mis mier
gadaxdili saxelmwifo baJis 70 procenti.
1. dasaSvebobis axali winapirobebis SemoRebasTan
dakavSirebiT ssk mkveTrad mijnavs erTmaneTisagan
sakasacio saCivris warmoebaSi miRebasa da sakasacio
saCivris dasaSvebobas, agreTve maT safuZvlebsa da
miznebs.
pirvel etapze - (10 dReSi sakasacio saCivris Semosvlidan). sakasacio sasamarTlom unda gadawyvitos
sakiTxi misaRebia Tu ara warmoebaSi sakasacio saCivari. amisaTvis mas evaleba Seamowmos pasuxobs Tu ara
igi 396-e muxlis moTxovnebs. imis mixedviT Tu rogori
iqneba Semowmebis Sedegebi sakasacio sasamarTlos mosamarTles gamoaqvs Sesabamisad ganCineba sakasacio
saCivris warmoebaSi miRebis Sesaxeb 391-e muxlis
710
safuZvelze dasaSvebobis Sesamowmeblad, romelSic

sxva rekvizitebTan erTad unda mieTiTos mizanze
Semowmdes sakasacio saCivris dasaSveboba, an ganCineba sakasacio saCivris warmoebaSi miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.79
meore etapze - sakasacio sasamarTlom unda gadawyvitos ufro rTuli sakiTxi: dasaSvebia Tu ara sakasacio saCivari 391-e muxlis safuZvelze. dasaSvebobas
amowmebs sakasacio sasamarTlos kolegiuri Semadgenloba. imis mixedviT, Tu rogori iqneba Semowmebis Sedegebi sakasacio sasamarTlo gamoitans Sesabamisad ganCinebas sakasacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebis
Sesaxeb (403-e muxli). an ganCinebas sakasacio saCivris ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb misi dauSveblobis gamo (403-e muxli)
2. sakasacio saCivris warmoebaSi miRebis, sakasacio
saCivris xarvezis an sakasacio saCivris ganuxilvelad
datovebis sakiTxebs wyvets erTpirovnulad momxsenebeli mosamarTle zepiri mosmenis gareSe, rac ar
arTmevs mas uflebas gamouZaxos da gaesaubros mxareebs im sakiTxebze, romlebic saCivris warmoebaSi
miRebas Seexeba.
3. rac Seexeba sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis sakiTxs, 391-e muxlis safuZvelze mas amowmebs sasamarTlos kolegiuri Semadgenloba, romelsac SeuZlia
daniSnos amisaTvis zepiri mosmena an sakiTxi gadawyvitos zepiri mosmenis gareSe.
4. sakasacio saCivris dauSveblad cnobis SemTxvevaSi kasators ubrundeba baJis 70 procenti.
ssk ar Seicavs miTiTebas imis Taobaze ubrundeba
Tu ara baJi kasators im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac misi
sakasacio saCivari ar iqna miRebuli warmoebaSi.
79
marTalia warmoebaSi miRebis sakiTxs wyvets erTpirovnulad

sakasacio sasamarTlos mosamarTle, magram Sesabamisi ganCineba
mas gamoaqvs sakasacio palatis saxeliT.
711
samarTliani iqneba Tu mas daubrundeba mis mier

Semotanili saxelmwifo baJi mTlianad. sasamarTlo
praqtika swori mimarTulebiT midis, aseT SemTxvevaSi saxelmwifo baJi ukan brundeba.
muxli 402. sakasacio saCivris miRebis
Sedegi
1. Tu arsebobs sakasacio saCivris yvela
winapiroba da igi miRebulia sakasacio sasamarTlos mier, gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvla SeCerdeba
im nawilSi, romelic gasaCivrebulia.
2. Tu gasaCivrebulia gadawyvetileba, romelic dauyovnebliv unda aRsruldes, sakasacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia droebiT SeaCeros aRsruleba da gaauqmos aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebuli RonisZiebebi.
3. ganCineba amis Taobaze SeiZleba gamotanil iqnes saqmis zepiri ganxilvis gareSe,
uzrunvelyofis Sesabamisi garantiebiT.
1. sakasacio saCivris, agreTve Segebebuli sakasacio
saCivris Setana SeaCerebs gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis iZulebiT aRsrulebas im nawilSi, romelSic gasaCivrebulia. sakasacio sasamarTlos ganCineba sakasacio saCivris (Segebebuli sakasacio saCivris) gansaxilvelad miRebis Sesaxeb avtomaturad SeaCerebs gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlas
gasaCivrebul nawilSi. ganCinebaSi mizanSewonilia
aRiniSnos amis Sesaxeb, magram romc ar aRiniSnos, gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvla mainc SeCerdeba kanonis ZaliT.
2. es kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis SesaZleblobas (ix. ssk-is 268-e
muxlis komentari). Tu sakasacio saCivari Semotanilia
gadawyvetilebaze, romelic gadacemulia dauyovneb712
liv aRsrulebisaTvis, maSin sakasacio sasamarTlom

Tavis ganCinebaSi sakasacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebis Sesaxeb, unda miuTiTos gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb, Tu amas kasatori moiTxovs.
3. amasTan erTad, dauyovnebliv aRsrulebaze gadacemuli gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis SeCerebisa da aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebuli RonisZiebebis gauqmebis
Sesaxeb, sakasacio sasamarTlos gamoaqvs specialuri
ganCineba, romelSic miTiTebuli unda iyos aRsrulebis SeCerebiT gamowveuli zianis anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofis im garantiebze, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia ssk-is 57-e da 271-e muxlebiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
_ Segebebuli sakasacio saCivris miReba iwvevs igive Sedegebs, rasac damoukidebeli sakasacio saCivris
miReba, oRond gadawyvetilebis mxolod im nawilis
mimarT, romelic am saCivriTaa gasaCivrebuli.
muxli 403. saqmis ganxilvis daniSvna

1. sakasacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebis Sesaxeb ganCinebiT sasamarTlo gansazRvravs saqmis zepiri ganxilvis dros,
ris Sesaxebac mxareebs atyobinebs am ganCinebis miRebidan 3 dRis ganmavlobaSi.
2. sasamarTlom unda acnobos mxareebs
did palataSi saqmis gadacemisa da misi
ganxilvis TariRis Sesaxeb.
1. sakasacio sasamarTlos mixedulebazea damokidebuli ganixilos saqme sasamarTlo sxdomaze (zepiri
ganxilvis formiT) mxareTa monawileobiT, Tu zepiri
ganxilvis gareSe, anu mxareTa monawileobis gareSe.
_ Tu sakasacio sasamarTlo mizanSewonilad CaTvlis saqmis zepir ganxilvas, maSin man Tavis ganCinebaSi
_ `sakasacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebisa da mom713
zadebis Sesaxeb~ unda miuTiTos, Tu romel dRes, romel saaTze da sasamarTlos romel sxdomis darbazSi
moxdeba saqmis ganxilva.
_ Tu sakasacio sasamarTlos ar miaCnia mizanSewonilad saqmis zepiri ganxilva, maSin man Tavis ganCinebaSi `sakasacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebisa da momzadebis Sesaxeb~ unda miuTiTos, rom sakasacio saCivari ganxiluli iqneba zepiri ganxilvis gareSe, mxareebs ecnobebaT saqmeze miRebuli gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb da gaegzavnebaT misi asli (ssk-is 408-e muxlis
me-3 nawili).
_ zemoxsenebul orive SemTxvevaSi mxareebs Setyobineba unda gaegzavnoT ganCinebis miRebidan 3 dRis
vadaSi.
2. rac Seexeba did palataSi saqmis gadacemisa da misi ganxilvis TariRis mxareebisaTvis Setyobinebis sakiTxs, igi unda mowesrigdes am muxlis pirveli nawilis komentaris gaTvaliswinebiT. kerZod, mxareebs ecnoboT am ganCinebis miRebidan 3 dRis ganmavlobaSi.

Semowmebis farglebi
1. sakasacio sasamarTlo amowmebs gadawyvetilebas sakasacio saCivris farglebSi.
sakasacio sasamarTlos ar SeuZlia Tavisi
iniciativiT Seamowmos saproceso darRvevebi, garda 396-e muxlis pirveli nawilis
`v~ qvepunqtSi miTiTebuli faqtebisa.
2. sakasacio sasamarTlos ganxilvis sagani SeiZleba iyos agreTve sasamarTlos is
ganCinebebi, romlebic win uswrebs sasamarTlos saboloo gadawyvetilebas, imisgan damoukideblad, dasaSvebia Tu ara maT
mimarT kerZo saCivris Setana.
3. sakasacio sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos, eqvemdebareba Tu ara saqme sasamarT714
los uwyebrivad da aqvs Tu ara mas mocemul konkretul saqmeze saerTaSoriso kompetencia. pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos
teritoriul da sagnobriv gansjadobas sakasacio sasamarTlo Seamowmebs mxolod mopasuxis moTxovniT. aseTi moTxovna dasaSvebia, Tu igi saqmis saapelacio sasamarTloSi ganxilvisas iyo wamoyenebuli mopasuxis mier, an Tu arsebobs sapatio mizezi, ris gamoc aseTi moTxovna ver iqna
wamoyenebuli saapelacio sasamarTloSi.
1. sakasacio saCivris farglebSi unda vigulisxmoT
kasatoris sakasacio moTxovna (gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba mTlianad an nawilobriv). sakasacio moTxovnasTan mimarTebaSi sakasacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia Seamowmos materialur-samarTlebrivi normebis ara marto is darRvevebi, romlebzec miuTiTebs kasatori Tavis saCivarSi, aramed saerTod gadawyvetilebis kanoniereba. sakasacio sasamarTlo SeboWilia kasatoris
moTxovniT da igi ver gacdeba am moTxovnis farglebs:
es farglebi ar moicavs kasatoris Txovnas saqmis xelaxla gansaxilvelad ukan dabrunebis Tu axali gadawyvetilebis gamotanas TviTon sakasacio sasamarTlos
mier (ix. 396-e muxlis e punqtis komentari). igi araa
SeboWili agreTve kasatoris mier sakasacio saCivarSi
miTiTebuli kanonis darRvevebiT da amowmebs gadawyvetilebas materialur-samarTlebrivi normebis sworad gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT. amitom, Tu sakasacio
sasamarTlo aseTi Semowmebis Sedegad miva im daskvnamde, rom kasatoris moTxovna gadawyvetilebis mTlianad Tu nawilobriv gauqmebis Sesaxeb unda dakmayofildes, magram ara sakasacio saCivarSi miTiTebuli,
aramed materialur-samarTlebrivi normis (kanonis)
sxva darRvevis gamo, sakasacio sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos Sesabamisi gadawyvetileba.
715
_ gansxvavebuli mdgomareobaa saproceso normebis

darRvevis Semowmebis mimarT.
saproceso normebis darRvevebs sasamarTlo Seamowmebs, Tu am darRvevebze miTiTebulia sakasacio saCivarSi. Tavisi iniciativiT sakasacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia Seamowmos faqtebi da mtkicebulebebi, romlebic saqmeSia an sakasacio sasamarTloSi warmoadgina
mxarem, romlebsac SeuZliaT daadasturon saproceso normis darRveva (ssk-is 396-e muxlis `v~ qvepunqti), agreTve saproceso darRvevebi, romlebzec miTiTebulia am muxlis me-3 nawilSi.
2. sasamarTlos nebismieri ganCineba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes. Tavisebureba mxolod imaSi mdgomareobs, rom
zogierTi ganCineba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sasamarTlos
gadawyvetilebisagan damoukideblad (calke) _ kerZo saCivriT, xolo zogierTi _ mxolod gadawyvetilebasTan erTad.
_ sasamarTlos im ganCinebebis usworobaze da dausabuTeblobaze, romlebic SeiZleboda adre gasaCivrebuliyo kerZo saCivriT, magram ama Tu im mizeziT ar
gasaCivrebula, agreTve im ganCinebebze, romlebzec
kerZo saCivris Setana dauSvebelia _ SeiZleba mieTiTos saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis winaaRmdeg mimarTul sakasacio saCivarSi.
es imas niSnavs, rom am ganCinebis mimarT ar unda daiweros kerZo saCivris msgavsi calke saCivari. am ganCinebaTa usworobaze da dausabuTeblobaze SeiZleba
miTiTebuli iyos mxolod saapelacio sasamarTlos Semajamebeli gadawyvetilebis winaaRmdeg Setanil sakasacio saCivarSi.
unda aRiniSnos, rom adre gamotanili ganCinebebis
gadawyvetilebasTan erTad gasaCivrebis mizani SeiZleba iyos gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis iuridiuli dausabuTeblobis, misi kanonis darRveviT miRebis dadastureba.
Sesabamisad, saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis winaaRmdeg mimarTul sakasacio saCivarSi Camo716
yalibebul mosazrebebs am sasamarTlos mier gamotanili ganCinebebis usworobisa da maTi kanonis darRveviT miRebis Sesaxeb, sakasacio sasamarTlos ar gamoaqvs calke ganCineba. Tavisi mixeduleba (pozicia) am
ganCinebebis Sesaxeb sakasacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia
Camoayalibos sakasacio saCivris mimarT gamotanil Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi (ganCinebaSi).
magaliTi:
saapelacio sasamarTlom saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebas safuZvlad daudo iseTi garemoebebi, romlebic ar
warmoadgenda saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis kanonier safuZvels. vinaidan ssk-is 431-e muxlis Tanaxmad, ganCineba saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb ar saCivrdeba, saapelacio sasamarTlom saqme ganixila ganmeorebiT da miiRo adre gamotanili gadawyvetilebis sapirispiro Sedegi.
sakasacio sasamarTlom marTebulad daakmayofila
kasatoris moTxovna da gaauqma saapelacio sasamarTlos rogorc Semajamebeli gadawyvetileba, ise ganCinebac saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb, vinaidan kanonis darRveviT iyo miRebuli.80
3. sakasacio sasamarTlos Tavisi iniciativiT (mxareTa Txovnis gareSe) ara marto SeuZlia, aramed valdebulia Seamowmos sasamarTlos uwyebrivi qvemdebareoba da sasamarTlos saerTaSoriso kompetencia.
_ uwyebrivi qvemdebareobis Semowmebis dros sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobs ssk-is me-11 muxliT (ix. am
muxlis komentari), xolo saerTaSoriso kompetenciis
Semowmebis mizniT igi xelmZRvanelobs saqarTvelos
kanoniT `saerTaSoriso kerZo samarTlis Sesaxeb~ (am
kanonis me-8-20 muxlebi).81 rac Seexeba gansjadobas,
80

da gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2001 wlis 19 oqtombris
ganCineba #3k/393-01
81
T.liluaSvili, saerTaSoriso kerZo samarTali, Tb. 2004,

gv.125
717
amis Semowmeba sakasacio sasamarTlos Tavisi iniciativiT ar SeuZlia. unda arsebobdes mxolod mopasuxis
moTxovna amis Sesaxeb. amasTan erTad, mopasuxes SeuZlia aseTi moTxovna wamoayenos mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu gansjadobis darRvevis Sesaxeb man mimarTa saapelacio sasamarTlos an, Tu daadasturebs, rom sapatio mizeziT ver daayena es sakiTxi saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis dros.
muxli 405. Segebebuli sakasacio

saCivari
mowinaaRmdege mxares SeuZlia sakasacio
saCivris gadacemidan 10 dRis ganmavlobaSi
waradginos Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari,
miuxedavad imisa, aqvs Tu ara naTqvami uari
sakasacio saCivris Setanaze.
_ am muxliT mowesrigebulia Segebebul sakasacio
saCivarTan dakavSirebuli mxolod ori sakiTxi:
a) Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari SeiZleba wardgenil iqnes 10 dRis ganmavlobaSi im dRidan, roca mowinaaRmdege mxares gadaeca sakasacio saCivari. imis
mixedviT, Tu ra wesiT moxda sakasacio saCivris gadagzavna mowinaaRmdege mxarisaTvis, am saCivris misTvis
gadacemis momentic sxvadasxvanairad ganisazRvreba
(ix. 70-e-78-e muxlebis komentaris danarTi) ;
b) Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari SeuZlia waradginos kasatoris mowinaaRmdege mxarem (sakasacio mopasuxem) im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac mas uari aqvs naTqvami gadawyvetilebis sakasacio wesiT gasaCivrebaze.
Segebebul sakasacio saCivarTan dakavSirebul sxva
praqtikul sakiTxebze am muxlSi araa miTiTebuli, rac
SeiZleba imiT aixsnas, rom Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari zogierTi gamonaklisis garda unda pasuxobdes
yvela im moTxovnas, rasac saerTod sakasacio saCivari.
es gamonaklisebi SemdegSi mdgomareobs.
718
a) Segebebul sakasacio saCivarze ar vrceldeba kanonis moTxovna imis Sesaxeb, rom sakasacio saCivris
sagnis Rirebuleba unda aRematebodes 50000 lars. igi
SeiZleba am Tanxaze naklebi iyos. es imas niSnavs, rom
masze ar vrceldeba agreTve 391-e muxlis me-5 nawiliT
gaTvaliswinebuli dasaSvebobis pirobebi.
b) Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari organuladaa
dakavSirebuli damoukidebel (ZiriTad) sakasacio saCivarTan; Tu kasatori uars ityvis sakasacio saCivarze an sakasacio sasamarTlo ganuxilvelad datovebs mas, maSin Segebebuli sakasacio saCivaric
ganuxilvelad unda darCes.
g) Tu Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari wardgenilia
sakasacio gasaCivrebis vadaSi da misi Rirebuleba
aRemateba 50000 lars, maSin igi ganxilul unda iqnes,
Tu misi Semtani piri uars ar ambobs Tavis Segebebul
saCivarze.
Segebebuli sakasacio saCivris Semtani piri iTxovs
aramarto damoukidebeli sakasacio saCivris uaryofas,
aramed gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis mis sasargeblod Secvlasac da Tu es asec moxda, es ar iqneba
sauaresod Sebrunebis akrZalvis principis darRveva.82
muxli 406. davis sagnis Secvla da

gadideba
davis sagnis Secvla an gadideba, Segebebuli sarCelis Setana da xarjebis gansazRvra sakasacio sasamarTloze dauSvebelia.
_ sakasacio sasamarTlo mowodebulia Seamowmos gadawyvetilebis mxolod iuridiuli mxare, kanonis dar82
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #2, gv. 285-287; ix.v.xrustali Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari. Jurn. samarTali Tb. 2001, #8, gv.15
misive naSromi - samosamarTlo samarTlis gavlena samarTlis
ganviTarebaze sakasacio sasamarTlos praqtikis magaliTze, Jurn.adamiani
da konstitucia, 2003, #4, gv. 49-55
719
RveviT xom araa gamotanili gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba.

rac Seexeba davis sagnis Secvlas an mosarCelis moTxovnis gadidebas, Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvras an kidev imis gansazRvras, Tu ra Tanxebi iqna mxaris mier
daxarjuli ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis mizniT, rogorc wesi yovelTvisaa dakavSirebuli
axali faqtebis dadgenasTan da, aqedan gamomdinare,
axali mtkicebulebebis gamokvlevasTan, Semowmebasa
da SefasebasTan, rac sruliad SeuTavsebelia im funqciasTan da im amocanebTan, romlebic sakasacio sasamarTlos winaSe dgas.
magaliTi:
erT-erT saqmeze kasatorma Tavisi sakasacio saCivriT moiTxova binis nasyidobis xelSekrulebis baTilad cnoba da mopasuxisa da misi ojaxis wevrebis binidan gamosaxleba.
sakasacio palatam binidan gamosaxlebis moTxovnis
nawilSi sakasacio saCivari ar daakmayofila da miuTiTa, rom miuxedavad kasatoris moTxovnisa, sakasacio
sasamarTlo sadavo binidan mopasuxisa da misi ojaxis
wevrebis gamosaxlebis sakiTxs ver gadawyvets, vinaidan binidan gamosaxlebis Taobaze mosarCeles dadgenili wesiT ar miumarTavs sasamarTlosaTvis da aRniSnulze ar arsebobda sasarCelo moTxovna.
vinaidan sadavo binidan gamosaxlebis sakiTxi mosarCeles qvemdgom sasamarTlo instanciaSi ar dauyenebia da am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT qvemdgom sasamarTlos msjeloba ar hqonia, cxadia, am sakiTxze sakasacio sasamarTloc ver imsjelebda, radgan davis sagnis gadideba sakasacio sasamarTloSi dauSvebelia.83
83
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003 #8, gv.1973-1982
720
muxli 407. Semowmebis faqtobrivi

safuZveli
1. sakasacio sasamarTlo imsjelebs mxaris mxolod im axsna-ganmartebaze, romelic asaxulia saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaSi an sxdomis oqmSi. garda amisa,
SeiZleba mxedvelobaSi miRebul iqnes am
kodeqsis 396-e muxlis pirveli nawilis
v qvepunqtSi miTiTebuli faqtebi.
2. saapelacio sasamarTlos mier damtkicebulad cnobili faqtobrivi garemoebebi
savaldebuloa sakasacio sasamarTlosaTvis,
Tu wamoyenebuli ar aris dasaSvebi da
dasabuTebuli pretenzia (Sedaveba).
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili krZalavs sakasacio sasamarTloSi axal faqtebze miTiTebasa da axali mtkicebulebebis warmodgenas. aseTi mdgomareoba mkveTrad ganasxvavebs sakasacio sasamarTlos saapelacio
sasamarTlosagan, romelsac SeuZlia axali faqtebisa
da mtkicebulebebis miReba da ganxilva, Tu es xels ar
SeuSlis saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis droulad gadawyvetas (ix. ssk-is 380-e muxlis komentari).
_ am akrZalvas efuZneba am muxlis pirveli nawilis
danawesi imis Sesaxeb, rom sakasacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia imsjelos mxolod im faqtobriv garemoebebze da
mtkicebulebebze, romlebic wamoyenebuli iyo mxareebis mier saapelacio sasamarTloSi da aisaxa Sesabamisad sxdomis oqmSi an saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaSi (ganCinebaSi).
gamonakliss am TvalsazrisiT warmoadgens is faqtebi da mtkicebulebebi, romlebic saproceso normebis darRvevas adastureben, Tu sakasacio saCivari
aseT darRvevas emyareba (ssk-is 404-e muxli).
2. am muxlis me-2 nawilis moTxovna araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba gagebul iqnes ise, TiTqos saapela721
cio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT damtkicebulad

cnobili faqtobrivi garemoebebi savaldebulo iyos
sakasacio sasamarTlosaTvis, miuxedavad imisa, emyareba Tu ara es damtkicebulad cnobili garemoebebi
saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebebs.
aqedan gamomdinare, sakasacio sasamarTlom yovelTvis unda Seamowmos kasatoris mier sakasacio saCivarSi Camoyalibebuli moTxovna (pretenzia) imis Sesaxeb,
rom darRveulia ssk-is 249-e muxlis me-4 nawilis danawesi (ix. am muxlis komentari) da gadawyvetilebaSi
ar aris miTiTebuli, Tu romel mtkicebulebebs emyareba sasamarTlos daskvnebi faqtobrivi garemoebebis
arseboba-ararsebobis Sesaxeb, an rom saqmeSi saerTod
ar aris aseTi mtkicebulebebi da gaugebaria, Tu ris
safuZvelze CaTvala man es garemoebebi dadasturebulad.
_ sakasacio sasamarTlo mxolod im SemTxvevaSi ar
Seamowmebs yovelive amas, Tu TviTon kasatoris mier
araa wamoyenebuli aseTi moTxovna, rac imaze migvaniSnebs, rom kasatori TviTonac aRiarebs sasamarTlos
mier damtkicebulad cnobil faqtobriv garemoebebs,
cnobs maT dadgenilad da dadasturebulad.
_ damatebiTi da dasabuTebuli pretenzia, ris Sesaxebac miTiTebulia am muxlis me-2 nawilSi, ar SeiZleba gavigoT rogorc kasatoris mier mowinaaRmdege
mxaris mimarT raime axali materialur-samarTlebrivi moTxovnis wamoyeneba. sakasacio sasamarTloSi
ar SeiZleba arc sasarCelo moTxovnis gadideba, arc
sarCelis sagnis Secvla da arc Segebebuli sarCelis
aRZvra (ssk-is 406-e muxli). damatebiT sakasacio pretenziaSi igulisxmeba mxolod im saproceso normebis
darRvevaze miTiTeba, romlebsac kasatoris azriT, adgili hqonda saqmis saapelacio sasamarTloSi ganxilvis dros da romelTa dasadastureblad SeiZleba miTiTebul iqnes saqmeSi arsebul masalebze, an am darRvevebTan dakavSirebiT warmodgenil iqnes axali mtkicebulebebi.
722
magaliTi:
Sps `musfondma~ sakasacio saCivriT moiTxova saolqo sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba im safuZvliT, rom sasamarTlom daarRvia samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 106-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqtis moTxovna,
sxvagvarad Seafasa garemoebani, romlebic dadgenili
iyo samoqalaqo saqmeze kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebiT, romlis ganxilvaSic igive mxareebi monawileobdnen.
mocemul SemTxvevaSi mxarem miuTiTa da, Sesabamisad, waradgina amave sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetileba, sadac igive mxareebi monawileobdnen da davis saganic dakavSirebuli iyo winamdebare davasTan. aseT SemTxvevaSi ki samoqalaqo saqmeze
miRebul gadawyvetilebas (dadgenil faqtebs) preiudiciuli mniSvneloba eniWeba am (axal) davaSi, razedac
saapelacio sasamarTlom Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi saerTod ar miuTiTa da ar ganixila isini saqmeze warmodgenil mtkicebulebebTan erTad. mocemul SemTxvevaSi kasators gaaCnda dasabuTebuli sakasacio pretenzia gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis mimarT da igi
sakasacio sasamarTlom safuZvlianad miiCnia.84
_ damatebiT da dasabuTebul sakasacio pretenziad aseve miiCneva sasamarTlos mier samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 104-e muxlis pirveli nawilis darRveva, rodesac sasamarTlom mxaris SuamdgomlobiT ar gamoiZaxa da ar dakiTxa mowme, aseve, ar miiRo, ar gamoiTxova an saqmidan amoiRo iseTi mtkicebulebebi, romlebsac gansaxilveli saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis
arsebiTi mniSvneloba hqonda. kasatori Tu aseT darRvevaze miuTiTebs, man es mtkicebuleba sakasacio saCivars unda daurTos, raTa sakasacio sasamarTlom Seamowmos sakasacio pretenziis dasabuTebuloba.
84
723
magaliTi:
saapelacio sasamarTlom ar daakmayofila apelantis Suamdgomloba samemkvidreo saqmis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb. sakasacio sasamarTlom Tavis ganCinebaSi miuTiTa: saapelacio palatam ise miiCnia saqmisaTvis warmodgenili yvela saWiro dokumentacia srulyofilad, rom
ar gaiTvaliswina samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 135e muxlis moTxovnebi. aseve, ar Seasrula saproceso kodeqsis 137-e muxlis moTxovnebi da reagireba ar moaxdina mxaris gancxadebaze anderZis siyalbis Sesaxeb.
sasamarTlom mxolod daurTo Suamdgomloba saqmes da
ar ganixila. sakasacio sasamarTlom CaTvala, rom warmodgenili sakasacio pretenzia iyo safuZvliani, gaauqma saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba da saqme daabruna xelaxali ganxilvisaTvis.85
muxli 408. saqmis zepiri ganxilva

1. saqmis zepiri ganxilva iwyeba sakasacio
sasamarTlos erT-erTi wevris moxsenebiT.
2. momxsenebeli sasamarTlos moaxsenebs
saqmis viTarebas, saapelacio sasamarTlos
gadawyvetilebis safuZvlebs. amis Semdeg
mxareebs eZlevaT sityva gancxadebebis gakeTebisa da dasabuTebis mizniT.
3. sakasacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia gadawyvetileba gamoitanos saqmis zepiri mosmenis gareSe. sasamarTlom saqmis zepiri mosmenis gareSe ganxilvis Sesaxeb winaswar unda
acnobos mxareebs.
1. sakasacio sasamarTloSi, ise rogorc saapelacio
da pirveli instanciis sasamarTloebSi, saqmis zepiri
ganxilva iwyeba erT-erTi mosamarTlis moxsenebiT.
85
724
saqmis ganxilvis dawyebis aseT wess aqvs didi praqtikuli mniSvneloba im TvalsazrisiT, rom kasators da
mis mowinaaRmdege mxares eZlevaT SesaZlebloba gaarkvion, Tu ramdenad sworad gaigo momxsenebelma mosamarTlem sakasacio saCivris moTxovna, safuZvlebi,
rasac es moTxovna emyareba da saerTod sakasacio saCivris Sinaarsi, agreTve mowinaaRmdege mxaris Sesagebeli da misi Sinaarsi. Tu raime ar iyo sworad gagebuli
da gadmocemuli, mxareebs unda mieceT saSualeba daazuston TavianTi sakasacio saCivrisa da Sesageblis
namdvili arsi da Sinaarsi.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs im sakiTxebis
wres, romlebsac Tanmimdevrulad unda Seexos mosamarTle, kerZod, sakasacio sasamarTlos momxsenebelma mosamarTlem unda gadmosces:
a) `saqmis viTareba~, anu vin aRZra sarCeli da vis
winaaRmdeg, rogori gadawyvetileba iqna gamotanili
pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos mier da romelma mxarem gaasaCivra igi saapelacio sasamarTloSi;
b) rogori gadawyvetileba miiRo saapelacio sasamarTlom da romel faqtobriv da samarTlebriv safuZvlebs emyareba misi gadawyvetileba. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom saapelacio sasamarTlos mier damtkicebulad cnobili faqtobrivi garemoebebi savaldebuloa sakasacio sasamarTlosaTvis (ssk-is 407-e muxli),
gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens imis zustad da
srulad gadmocema, Tu romeli faqtebi cno saapelacio sasamarTlom Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT dadgenilad da romeli kanonis (materialur-samarTlebrivi normis) safuZvelze Seafasa iuridiulad es garemoebebi. es aris sakasacio sasamarTlos mosamarTlis moxsenebis erT-erTi yvelaze sapasuxismgeblo da
yvelaze mniSvnelovani elementi;
g) ra aris sakasacio saCivris Sinaarsi, gadawyvetilebis romel nawils asaCivrebs kasatori, rogoria misi moTxovna, romeli kanonia misi azriT darRveuli da
konkretulad raSi gamoixateba es darRveva (ssk-is 393725
e da 394-e muxlebi). aqve sakasacio sasamarTlos mosamarTle unda Seexos sakasacio saCivris winaaRmdeg, mowinaaRmdege mxaris mier wamoyenebul werilobiTi Sesageblis Sinaarss.
_ momxsenebeli mosamarTlis gamosvlis Semdeg sityva eZlevaT mxareebs, kerZod, kasators da mis warmomadgenels, xolo Semdeg _ mowinaaRmdege mxaresa da
mis warmomadgenels. maT SeuZliaT daakonkreton da
daazuston TavianTi moTxovnebisa da Sesageblis Sinaarsi, Tu momxsenebelma mosamarTlem raime Secdoma
an uzustoba dauSva, magram maT ar unda gaimeoron is,
rac ukve Tqva momxsenebelma mosamarTlem.
3. am muxlis me-3 nawilis danawesi ganpirobebulia
sakasacio sasamarTlos funqciiTa da uflebamosilebiT Seamowmos gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis mxolod iuridiuli mxare _ xom araa gadawyvetileba gamotanili kanonis darRveviT.
_ zogjer eWvs ar iwvevs, rom gadawyvetileba marTlac kanonis darRveviTaa gamotanili, xolo zogjer
aseve araviTar eWvs ar iwvevs, rom gadawyvetileba miRebulia kanonis moTxovnaTa zusti SesabamisobiT. SeiZleba aseT viTarebaSi marTlac ar iyos saWiro mxareTa gamoZaxeba da maTi monawileobiT saqmis zepiri ganxilva. magram, rodesac gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis iuridiuli mxaris, anu samarTlebrivi dasabuTebulobis Semowmeba dakavSirebulia saqmis masalebis,
am saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis analizTan, an kasatoris mier warmodgenili damatebiTi werilobiTi masalebi miuTiTeben iseT saproceso darRvevebze, romlebsac SeeZloT gavlena moexdinaT gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis, rogorc faqtobriv, ise mis iuridiul
dasabuTebulobaze da sxva, agreTve, rodesac sakasacio sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom am saqmeze gamotanili
gadawyvetileba unda gauqmdes da gamotanil iqnes axali gadawyvetileba misi xelaxla gansaxilvelad ukan
dabrunebis gareSe, aseT SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba saWiro
726
da mizanSewonili iyos mxareTa monawileobiT saqmis

zepiri ganxilvis daniSvna.
praqtikaSi xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac sasamarTlo daadgens gadawyvetilebis gamotanas zepiri ganxilvis gareSe, magram zepiri ganxilvis aucilebloba
SeiZleba wamoiWras saqmis ganxilvis procesSi. aseT
SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo uflebamosilia axali ganCinebiT daadginos saqmis zepiri ganxilva.
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sasamarTlo daadgens sakasacio saCivris zepiri ganxilvis gareSe ganxilvas, sasamarTlo valdebulia amis Sesaxeb acnobos mxareebs.
saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi Setanil iqna sarCeli ssk-is 408-e muxlis me-3 nawilis gauqmebis Sesaxeb, imis gamo, rom igi ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos konstituciis 39-e muxlisa da 42-e muxlis
pirvel da mesame punqtebs. saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos meore kolegiam Tavisi 2003 wlis 3
ivlisis #2/6/205,232 gadawyvetilebiT ar daakmayofila sarCeli da CaTvala, rom saqarTvelos ssk-is 408-e
muxlis me-3 nawili, romelic uSvebs sakasacio sasamarTlos mier gadawyvetilebis gamotanas saqmis zepiri
ganxilvis gareSe, ar ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos konstituciis 39-e muxlisa da 42-e muxlis pirvel da mesame nawilebs.
ar iqneba interesmoklebuli aRiniSnos, rom sakonstitucio sasamarTlos am gadawyvetilebaSi moyvanilia adamianis uflebaTa dacvis evropuli sasamarTlos praqtika, romelic ganmartavs evrokonvenciis me6 muxlis debulebas saqmis sajarod ganxilvasTan mimarTebaSi. kerZod, adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom saqmeze Fredin SvedeTis winaaRmdeg daadgina, rom ufleba sajaro sasamarTlo ganxilvaze moicavs uflebas zepir ganxilvaze pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi da es savaldebulo moTxovna ar vrceldeba zemdgomi instanciis sasamarTloebze.86
86
saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos meore kolegiis

2003 wlis 3 ivlisis gadawyvetileba saqme #2/6/205, 232
727
T a v i L
sakasacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba
muxli 409. gadawyvetilebis Secvlis
farglebi
sakasacio sasamarTlo uflebamosilia Secvalos saapelacio sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba mxolod im farglebSi, rasac mxareebi moiTxoven.
_ sakasacio sasamarTlo uflebamosilia Seamowmos
gadawyvetileba mxolod sakasacio saCivris farglebSi, e. i. mxolod im nawilSi, romelSic gasaCivrebulia.
zustad aseve, sakasacio sasamarTlo uflebamosilia
Secvalos gadawyvetileba mxolod im farglebSi, rasac kasatori moiTxovs.
sauaresod Sebruneba dauSvebelia (ix. ssk-is 384-e
muxlis komentari). es imas niSnavs, rom sakasacio sasamarTlom an unda daakmayofilos saCivari masSi Camoyalibebuli moTxovnis farglebSi, an uari unda uTxras
kasators mis dakmayofilebaze. sakasacio sasamarTlom an unda gaauqmos (Secvalos) gadawyvetileba ise,
rogorc amas kasatori moiTxovs, an uari unda Tqvas
aseT gauqmebaze (Secvlaze). gadawyvetilebis samarTlebrivi Semowmebisas SeiZleba aRmoCndes, rom igi
araswori da kanonSeusabamoa im nawilSic, romelic kasatoris sasargeblodaa gamotanili. miuxedavad amisa, sakasacio sasamarTlo ver gaauqmebs da ver Secvlis gadawyvetilebas am nawilSi, radgan misi gauqmeba
ar uTxovia Segebebuli an damoukidebeli sakasacio saCivriT mowinaaRmdege, anu iuridiulad dainteresebul mxares.
728
muxli 410. uari sakasacio saCivarze

sakasacio sasamarTlo ar daakmayofilebs
sakasacio saCivars, Tu:
a) kanonis miTiTebul darRvevas ara aqvs
adgili;
b) saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebas safuZvlad ar udevs kanonis darRveva.
_ sakasacio sasamarTlo uwinares yovlisa, valdebulia Seamowmos, aqvs Tu ara adgili kanonis im darRvevas, romelic miTiTebulia sakasacio saCivarSi (sskis 393-e muxli). magram sakasacio sasamarTlo araa SeboWili mxolod sakasacio saCivarSi miTiTebuli kanonis darRvevis SemowmebiT. sakasacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia gascdes sakasacio saCivris farglebs da Seamowmos kanonis iseTi darRvevebic, romlebzec araa miTiTebuli am saCivarSi:
sakasacio sasamarTlo amowmebs gadawyvetilebas
sakasacio saCivris moTxovnis farglebSi, magram am
moTxovnis farglebSi mas SeuZlia da valdebulicaa
Seamowmos ara marto am saCivarSi miTiTebuli darRvevebi, aramed kanonis sxva darRvevebic.
_ aqedan gamomdinare, sakasacio sasamarTlom, Tu
igi uars eubneba kasators saCivris dakmayofilebaze,
unda miuTiTos Tavis ganCinebaSi ara marto imaze, rom
kasatoris mier miTiTebul kanonis darRvevas ar aqvs
adgili da daasabuTos es, aramed imazec, rom kanonis
arc sxva darRvevas aqvs adgili.
magaliTi:
uzenaesi sasamarTlos didma palatam Tavis ganCinebaSi aRniSna: didi palatis azriT sakasacio saCivari
usafuZvlobisa da dausabuTeblobis motiviT, ar unda dakmayofildes, Tanaxmad samoqalaqo saproceso
kodeqsis 410-e muxlisa da ucvlelad darCes Tbili729
sis saolqo sasamarTlos saapelacio palatis ganCineba, radgan sakasacio saCivarSi miTiTebul kanondarRvevas adgili ar hqonia da saapelacio palatam kanonis
marTebuli gamoyenebiTa da ganmartebiT, saqmis faqtobriv garemoebaTa swori SefasebiT gamoitana kanonieri ganCineba.87
muxli 411. sakasacio sasamarTlos

gadawyvetileba
sakasacio sasamarTlo TviTon miiRebs gadawyvetilebas saqmeze, Tu ar arsebobs am
kodeqsis 412-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli
gadawyvetilebis gauqmebisa da saqmis saapelacio sasamarTloSi xelaxla gansaxilvelad dabrunebis safuZvlebi.
_ es muxli gansazRvravs pirobas, romlis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi sakasacio sasamarTlos TviTon SeuZlia miiRos gadawyvetileba saqmeze, ise, rom ar daabrunos igi xelaxla gansaxilvelad ukan. amgvari pirobaa saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis srulad da sworad dadgena gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gamomtani sasamarTlos mier da am faqtebis dadgena saproceso normebis darRvevis gareSe.
es iseTi SemTxvevaa, rodesac saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebi dadgenilia srulad da sworad, e. i. faqtobrivi TvalsazrisiT saqme mzadaa gadasawyvetad, magram arasworadaa Sefardebuli (gamoyenebuli) kanoni.
magaliTi:
uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da
gakotrebis saqmeTa palatam gaauqma saapelacio sasa-
87
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos didi palatis gadawyvetilebani, 2001-2002, gv. 77-82.
730
marTlos gadawyvetileba da miiRo axali gadawyvetileba sarCelze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. ganCinebaSi miTiTebulia: palata Tvlis, rom mocemul SemTxvevaSi saqmeze faqtobrivi garemoebebi dadgenilia saproceso
normebis darRvevis gareSe da palata uflebamosilia,
miiRos axali gadawyvetileba. radgan mosarCele iTxovs mravalbinian saxlSi binis mesakuTreTa saerTo
sargeblobaSi arsebuli farTis gayofas, rasac saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi ar iTvaliswinebs, amitom mis sarCels uari unda eTqvas.88
muxli 412. saapelacio sasamarTloSi

saqmis dabruneba xelaxla
gansaxilvelad
1. sakasacio sasamarTlo auqmebs gadawyvetilebas da saqmes xelaxla gansaxilvelad abrunebs saapelacio sasamarTloSi,
Tu:
a) saqmis garemoebebi saproceso normebis
iseTi darRveviTaa dadgenili, rom am darRvevebis Sedegad saqmeze araswori gadawyvetileba iqna gamotanili da saWiroa
mtkicebulebaTa damatebiTi gamokvleva;
b) arsebobs am kodeqsis 394-e muxliT
gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebi, garda aRniSnuli muxlis g da e qvepunqtebisa.
2. am muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul gadawyvetilebas sakasacio sasamarTlom safuZvlad unda daudos samarTlebrivi Sefaseba, romelic savaldebuloa
saapelacio sasamarTlosaTvis. saqme xelaxla gansaxilvelad SeiZleba daubrundes
saapelacio sasamarTlos imave an sxva Semadgenlobas.
88
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #6 gv.1476-1479
731
1. sakasacio sasamarTlo araa faqtebis damdgeni

sasamarTlo. igi mowodebulia Seamowmos gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT, e.i.
ramdenad sworadaa Sefasebuli iuridiulad sasamarTlos mier dadgenili faqtobrivi garemoebebi. es imas
niSnavs, rom gadawyvetilebis samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT Semowmeba SeuZlebelia imis garkvevis gareSe
Tu ra Sefasda, anu romeli faqtebi Sefasda iuridiulad. aseTi Semowmebis Sedegad SeiZleba aRmoCndes,
rom gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebidan ar Cans, Tu
romeli faqtebi CaTvala sasamarTlom dadgenilad da,
maSasadame, romeli faqtebi Seafasa man iuridiulad
an kidev, sasamarTlom iuridiuli mniSvneloba mianiWa
faqts, romelsac sinamdvileSi ar aqvs aseTi mniSvneloba, SeiZleba moxdes piriqiTac, sasamarTlom iuridiuli mniSvneloba ar mianiWa faqts da ar dauSva
mis dasadastureblad mtkicebuleba, romelsac sinamdvileSi aqvs aseTi mniSvneloba da bolos, sasamarTlom srulad da sworad daadgina saqmeze faqtiuri garemoebebi, magram misca am faqtebs araswori samarTlebrivi Sefaseba.
rogorc vxedavT, sakasacio sasamarTlos doneze
faqtebis dadgena ar warmoadgens sakasacio sasamarTlos kompetencias da mxolod samarTalSefaseba
eqvemdebareba gadasinjvas, magram TviT samarTalSefardebis gadasinjva SeuZlebelia im faqtiuri
garemoebebis gadamowmebis gareSe, romlebic samarTlebrivi Sefasebis obieqts warmoadgens.
saqmis ukan dabruneba gansaxilvelad mxolod imitom, rom saqme faqtobrivi TvalsazrisiT mzadaa gadawyvetilebis misaRebad, magram saWiroa am faqtebis
swori iuridiuli Sefaseba - saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dauSvebelia. Secdomis gasworeba saqmis
faqtobrivi garemoebebis samarTlebriv SefasebaSi - sakasacio sasamarTlos prerogativaa.
amitom, Tu sakasacio sasamarTlo auqmebs gadawyvetilebas da saqmes abrunebs ukan xelaxla gansax732
ilvelad man Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi unda miuTiTos

gadawyvetilebisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone romeli
faqtobrivi garemoeba, romelzec mxareebi amyareben
TavianT moTxovnas Tu Sesagebels, ar iqna dadgenili
sasamarTlos mier (Secdoma faqtis iuridiuli mniSvnelobis SefasebaSi) an kidev, faqtis dadgenis (mtkicebulebaTa mopovebis) romeli saproceso wesebi iqna
darRveuli, an raSi gamoixateba konkretulad saproceso samarTlebrivi normis darRveva, romelmac zegavlena iqonia gasaCivrebuli g adawyvetilebis sisworeze.
sakasacio sasamarTloebma yovelTvis mxedvelobaSi unda iqonion, rom Tu maT gadawyvetilebebSi (ganCinebebSi) naTlad da garkveviT araa miTiTebuli gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis an axali gadawyvetilebis gamotanis samarTlebriv safuZvlebze, aseTi gadawyvetilebebi ver Seasruleben sakasacio sasamarTlos verc individualur da verc sajaro interesebis dacvis funqcias.
am muxlis pirveli nawilis b qvepunqtis Tanaxmadsakasacio sasamarTlo auqmebs gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebas da saqmes abrunebs xelaxla gansaxilvelad
Tu arsebobs gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis erT-erTi absoluturi safuZveli, garda 394-e muxlis g da e
qvepunqtebSi miTiTebuli safuZvlebisa, rodesac
sakasacio sasamarTlos TviTon gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba saqmis xelaxla gansaxilvelad ukan dabrunebis gareSe.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad sakasacio sasamarTlom Tavis gadawyvetilebas (ganCinebas) gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb safuZvlad unda daudos samarTlebrivi Sefaseba, romelic SeiZleba Seexebodes aramarto saproceso darRvevebis mniSvnelobis gansazRvras imis Sesaxeb, Tu
ra gavlena SeiZleba moexdina maT gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis sisworeze, aramed materialur samarTlebriv darRvevebs, magaliTad imis Taobaze, rom saa733
pelacio sasamarTlom gamoiyena samarTlis norma, Tumca ar iyo dadgenili yvela faqtobrivi garemoeba, rac
aucilebelia am normis SefardebisaTvis. sxva sityvebiT samarTlebrivi Sefasebis obieqti aris ara samarTlebrivi normis Sinaarsis ganmsazRvreli faqtebi,
aramed sasamarTlos mier dadgenilad cnobili
faqtebi. sakasacio sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos saapelacio sasamarTlos mier gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebaSi Camoyalibebuli samarTlebrivi Sefasebis siswore, misi Sesabamisoba samarTlis normis Semadgenlobis abstraqtul niSnebTan, normis azrsa da
SinaarsTan.
samarTlebrivi Sefaseba, romelic safuZvlad
daudo sakasacio sasamarTlom gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebas, savaldebuloa saqmis xelaxla ganmxilvel sasamarTlosaTvis.
muxli 413. saqmis ukan dabruneba

sakasacio sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis
Semdeg saqme sakasacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis aslTan erTad ukan unda daubrundes saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTlos.
sakasacio saCivris Taobaze gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) miRebis Semdeg saqme am gadawyvetilebis aslTan erTad unda daubrundes im sasamarTlos, romlis
mier gamotanil gadawyvetilebazec iyo es sakasacio
saCivari Semotanili.
734
kari meaTe
kerZo saCivari
T a v i LI
kerZo saGivris dasaSveboba da ganxilvis wesi
muxli 414. kerZo saCivris Setana
1. kerZo saCivris Setana SeiZleba sasamarTlos mier gamotanil ganCinebebze, mxolod am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi.
2. kerZo saCivris Setana SeuZliaT mxareebs, romelTa mimarTac gamotanilia ganCineba, agreTve im pirebsac, romlebsac uSualod exebaT es ganCineba.
1. samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilvis procesSi, jer kidev
gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde, saWiro xdeba sxvadasxva xasiaTisa da Sinaarsis ganCinebebis gamotana. zogierTi aseTi ganCineba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebisagan damoukideblad da misgan gancalkevebiT. swored amitom uwodeben aseT saCivars
kerZo saCivars.
kerZo saCivari ganCinebaze dasaSvebia, Tu amas pirdapir iTvaliswinebs kanoni.
magram es imas ar niSnavs, rom sasamarTlos sxva ganCinebebze Sedaveba dauSvebelia. Tu ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setanas ar iTvaliswinebs kanoni, aseT ganCinebaze sawinaaRmdego mosazrebebi SeiZleba Camoyalibdes sakasacio (saapelacio) saCivarSi.
2. kerZo saCivris Setana ganCinebaze, roca es kanoniTaa dasaSvebi, SeuZlia im mxares, romlis winaaRmdegac ganCinebaa gamotanili.
735
amasTan erTad, garda mxareebisa, kerZo saCivari SeiZleba Seitanos im pirmac, romelsac es ganCineba uSualod exeba. magaliTad, pirma iSuamdgomla sasamarTlos winaSe, rom dauSvas igi mesame pirad damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe. sasamarTlom uari uTxra mas
Tavisi ganCinebiT. am pirs SeuZlia gaasaCivros ganCineba, Tumca igi araa mxare, magram mas uSualod exeba
es ganCineba. rodesac ganCineba miRebulia mxaris Suamdgomlobis Taobaze, es mxare unda CaiTvalos im pirad, romlis mimarTac gamotanilia ganCineba. Tu sasamarTlos mier uari eTqva piris Suamdgomlobas mesame
pirad damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovnis gareSe
saqmeSi Cabmis Sesaxeb, am SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba arsebobdes sxva piri, romelsac Seexeba es ganCineba. sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, exeba Tu ara gasaCivrebuli ganCineba uSualod im pirs, romelic araa am saqmeSi mxare,
TiToeul konkretul SemTxvevaSi unda gadawydes sasamarTlos mixedulebiT.
magaliTad, erT-erT saqmeze sakasacio palatam ucvlelad datova saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCineba,
radgan, pirebi, romlebmac Semoitanes kerZo saCivari,
ar warmoadgenen arc mxareebs da arc iseT pirebs, romlebsac uSualod exebaT gasaCivrebuli ganCineba.89
muxli 415. kerZo saCivris forma

kerZo saCivari Setanil unda iqnes werilobiTi formiT im sasamarTloSi, romelmac miiRo gadawyvetileba.
_ ise rogorc sxva saxis saCivrebi (saapelacio,
sakasacio) kerZo saCivaric SeiZleba wardgenil iqnes
mxolod werilobiTi formiT da mxolod im sasamarTloSi, romlis ganCinebac saCivrdeba.
89
736
muxli 416. kerZo saCivris Setanis

vada
1. kerZo saCivris Setana SeiZleba ganCinebis gadacemis momentidan 12 dRis ganmavlobaSi. am vadis gagrZeleba dauSvebelia.
2. Tu ganCinebis gamocxadebas eswreboda
kerZo saCivris Setanis uflebis mqone piri, kerZo saCivris Setanis vada iwyeba misi
gamocxadebis momentidan.
1. kerZo saCivris Setanis 12 dRiani vada vrceldeba
mxolod iseT ganCinebebze, romelTa mimarT kanoniT
gasaCivrebis sxva vada araa dadgenili. am vadis gagrZeleba dauSvebelia.
_ ganCinebis gadacemis momentad, saidanac iwyeba
misi gasaCivrebis vada iTvleba am ganCinebis aslis mxarisaTvis Cabareba uSualod sasamarTloSi, rac unda
dadasturdes saTanado xelweriliT, an kidev, am ganCinebis mxarisaTvis gadagzavniT 70-78-e muxlebiT
dadgenili wesiT.90
2. kerZo saCivris Setanis vada iwyeba agreTve dasabuTebuli ganCinebis gamocxadebis momentidan, Tu
mis gamocxadebas eswreboda kerZo saCivris Setanis
uflebis mqone piri, xolo Tu gamocxadda mxolod ganCinebis sarezolucio nawili, maSin unda gairkves, Tu
rodis Cabarda mxares dasabuTebuli ganCinebis asli,
anu misi gadacemis momenti.91
90

da gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2003 wlis 21 martis ganCineba
#3k/365-03
91
737
muxli 417. kerZo saCivrisa da saqmis

masalebis gadagzavna zemdgom
sasamarTloSi
kerZo saCivari saqmesTan erTad gadaegzavneba zemdgom sasamarTlos.
2006 wlis ivlisSi ssk-Si ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebisa da damatebebis Sedegad, gasaCivrebuli ganCinebis gamomtan sasamarTlos ufleba ar aqvs TviTon
gamoasworos kerZo saCivarSi miTiTebuli da mis mier
daSvebuli Secdoma. kerZo saCivris ganxilvis manamde
arsebuli wesi SenarCunebulia mxolod sarCelis
uzrunvelyofis Taobaze gamotanil ganCinebebze Semotanil saCivrebze (ix. 1971 muxlis komentari).
417-e muxlis Tanaxmad kerZo saCivari Seitaneba
gasaCivrebuli ganCinebis gamomtan sasamarTloSi,
romelic am saCivars saqmesTan erTad dauyovnebliv
gadaugzavnis zemdgom sasamarTlos.
muxli 418. kerZo saCivris Setanis

Sedegi
1. kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeaCerebs im
saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebas, romelic sasamarTlos gasaCivrebuli ganCinebiT iyo gaTvaliswinebuli.
2. sasamarTlos SeuZlia SeaCeros aseTi
saproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba. gasaCivrebuli ganCinebiT gaTvaliswinebuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis SeCereba SeuZlia pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos an
saapelacio sasamarTlos, Tu kerZo saCivari mas gadaegzavna.
1. mTeli rigi ganCinebebisa, Tavisi xasiaTiT da SinaarsiT iseTia, romelTa safuZvelze raime moqmedeba
738
unda Sesruldes, raime moqmedebis Sesruleba unda daiwyos. magaliTad, gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis Sesaxeb ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana
ver SeaCerebs am gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebas ( 270-e
muxli).
2. kerZo saCivriT gasaCivrebuli ganCinebiT gaTvaliswinebuli moqmedebis Sesrulebis SeCereba SeuZlia am ganCinebis gamomtan sasamarTlos da zemdgom
sasamarTlos, Tu kerZo saCivari gadaegzavna mas.
_ gasaCivrebuli ganCinebiT gaTvaliswinebuli saproceso moqmedebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb gamotanil unda
iqnes ganCineba, romelSic miTiTebuli unda iyos imis
Sesaxeb, rom moqmedebis Sesruleba SeCerdeba kerZo
saCivris Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebamde.
am ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba.
muxli 419. gadawyvetileba kerZo

saCivris Taobaze
1. kerZo saCivris Taobaze ganCineba gamoaqvs zemdgom sasamarTlos.
2. ganCineba miiReba saqmis zepiri ganxilvis gareSe. sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadginos kerZo saCivris zepiri ganxilvac, Tu
es saWiroa da xels uwyobs saqmis garemoebebis garkvevas.
3. zemdgomi sasamarTlos ganCineba kerZo
saCivris Taobaze ar gasaCivrdeba.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili kidev erTxel gvidasturebs, rom kerZo saCivris Taobaze ganCineba gamoaqvs zemdgom sasamarTlos. mxolod igi wyvets sakiTxs
kerZo saCivris dasaSvebobis, misi dakmayofilebis Tu
dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.92
2. am muxlis meore nawili gansazRvravs zemdgomi
92
739
sasamarTlos mier kerZo saCivris ganxilvis Taviseburebebs, romlebic SemdegSi mdgomareobs:

a) kerZo saCivari ganixileba zepiri ganxilvis gareSe.
b) orive mxaris mowveva da saqmis zepiri ganxilvis
daniSvna xdeba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu kerZo saCivris ganmxilvel sasamarTlos es saWirod da mizanSewonilad miaCnia. aseTi saWiroeba SeiZleba warmoiSvas iseT SemTxvevebSi, rodesac kerZo saCivris arsidan gamomdinare aucilebelia zogierTi faqtobrivi
monacemis dadgena-dadastureba. magaliTad, Semotanilia kerZo saCivari ganCinebaze gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis Sesaxeb. gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsruleba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes garkveuli faqtobrivi garemoebebis dadasturebis SemTxvevaSi, kerZod, Tu gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis dayovnebam SeiZleba mniSvnelovani ziani miayenos gadamxdevinebels an misi Semdgomi aRsruleba SeuZlebeli
aRmoCndes ( 268-e muxli).
Tu kerZo saCivari saeWvos xdis im garemoebaTa arsebobas, romlebic safuZvlad udevs gasaCivrebul ganCinebas, sasamarTlos SeuZlia am kerZo saCivris ganxilvisaTvis daniSnos sxdoma (zepiri ganxilva) mxareTa SetyobinebiT. sasamarTlo sxdomaze mxareTa gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs saCivris ganxilvasa da
gadawyvetas;
g) kerZo saCivari SeiZleba ganxilul da gadawyvetil iqnes zepiri ganxilvis gareSe, Tu sasamarTlos
miaCnia, rom kerZo saCivari dauSvebelia (gasulia gasaCivrebis vada, Semotanilia arauflebamosili piris
mier, araa gadaxdili saxelmwifo baJi da a.S.), xolo momCivanma ar Seavso xarvezi daniSnul vadaSi, an kidev,
dasaSvebi ki aris, magram aSkarad usafuZvlo da dausabuTebelia.
3. kerZo saCivris ganmxilveli sasamarTlos, anu
zemdgomi sasamarTlos ganCineba am kerZo saCivarze sabolooa, ar gasaCivrdeba da dauyovnebliv Sedis kanonier ZalaSi.
740
muxli 420. kerZo saCivris ganxilvis

wesi
kerZo saCivrebis ganxilva zemdgom sasamarTloebSi warmoebs Sesabamisad am sasamarTloebisaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli wesebis dacviT.
_ garda im gamonaklisebisa, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia ssk-is 414-419-e muxlebiT, kerZo saCivris ganxilva warmoebs kerZo saCivris ganmxilveli zemdgomi
(saapelacio Tu sakasacio) sasamarTlosaTvis dadgenili wesiT.
magaliTad, aq miTiTebuli muxlebi ar iTvaliswinebs kerZo saCivris xarvezis Sevsebis SesaZleblobas
da wess, magram, Tu kerZo saCivars gaaCnia xarvezi, romlis Sevseba SesaZlebelia, an gadaxdili araa saxelmwifo baJi, saCivris ganmxilvelma zemdgomma sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos ganCineba am xarvezis Sevsebis
Sesaxeb da daniSnos amisaTvis vada. aseT wess iTvaliswinebs ssk-is 368-e muxlis me-5 nawili da 396-e muxlis
me-3 nawili (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
_ marTalia, kerZo saCivris ganxilvisaTvis konkretul vadebs kodeqsi ar iTvaliswinebs da faqtiurad
amave muxlis daTqmis Tanaxmad, ssk-is 399-e, 372-e muxlebis moTxovnaTa gaTvaliswinebiTa da kanonis analogiis gamoyenebiT kerZo saCivris ganxilvisas unda vixelmZRvaneloT ssk-is 59-e muxliT, ra drosac maTze
gavrceldeba sarCelis ganxilvis 2 Tviani vada. amasTan, unda aRiniSnos, rom wlebis ganmavlobaSi damkvidrebulma sworma sasamarTlo praqtikam calsaxad
gviCvena, rom saapelacio Tu sakasacio instanciis sasamarTloebSi kerZo saCivris ganxilvis maqsimalurma vadam, Tavisi sirTulidan gamomdinare, SesaZlebelia Seadginos 1 Tve. es ki realurad Seuwyobs xels
samoqalaqo saqmeTa ganxilvis vadebis dacvas (ZiriTadi sarCelis kanoniT dadgenil vadebSi ganxilvas) da
741
am niSniT gamoricxavs am vadebis darRvevas. sasamarTloebis mier zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswineba bevradaa

damokidebuli kerZo saCivris droulad da rac SeiZleba swrafad ganxilvaze. kerZo saCivris gamartivebulad ganxilvis wesebi, rasac kodeqsis es Tavi Seicavs, swored am mizans emsaxureba.
742
kari meTerTmete
saqmis warmoebis ganaxleba
T a v i LII
gancxadeba saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb
da misi ganxilvis wesi
ganaxlebis saxeebi
1. kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebiT an ganCinebiT damTavrebuli saqmis warmoebis ganaxleba dasaSvebia mxolod maSin,
rodesac arsebobs gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis (422-e muxli) an axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis
ganaxlebis Sesaxeb (423-e muxli) gancxadebis wanamZRvrebi.
2. Tu sasamarTloSi Semosulia gancxadebebi rogorc erTi da imave, aseve orive
mxaris mier erTdroulad gadawyvetilebis
baTilad cnobisa da axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis
Sesaxeb, sasamarTlom unda SeaCeros axlad
aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis ganxilva, vidre ar
iqneba ganxiluli gancxadeba gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili iTvaliswinebs saqmis
warmoebis ganaxlebis or saxes:
a) gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) baTilad cnobas da
b) axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis
ganaxlebas.
_ ganaxleba dasaSvebia mxolod iseTi saqmeebisa, ro743
melTa warmoeba damTavrebulia sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebiT an ganCinebiT.

aseT ganCinebebs ganekuTvneba ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb (ssk-is 272-e muxli) da ganCineba
sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb (ssk-is 275e muxli). am ganCinebebiT mTavrdeba saqmis warmoeba.
igive unda iTqvas saapelacio da sakasacio instanciis sasamarTloebis gadawyvetilebebze da ganCinebebze, romlebiTac mTavrdeba saqmis warmoeba da ara
maT iseT ganCinebebze, romlebiTac mTavrdeba saapelacio an sakasacio warmoeba (magaliTad, ganCineba saapelacio (sakasacio) warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb imis
gamo, rom apelantma (kasatorma) uari Tqva Tavis saCivarze (ssk-is 378-e muxli).
_ amrigad, baTilad cnobisa da axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) gauqmebis obieqti SeiZleba iyos:
a) pirveli instanciis sasamarTloebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebebi, agreTve, ganCinebebi
saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetisa Tu sarCelis (gancxadebis) ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb;
b) saapelacio da sakasacio instanciis sasamarTloebis gadawyvetilebebi, ganCinebebi gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebebis ucvlelad datovebis Sesaxeb, agreTve, ganCinebebi saqmis warmoebis (da ara saapelacio, sakasacio warmoebis) Sewyvetis Tu sakasacio saCivris ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb.
_ sasamarTlo instanciebis yvela sxva ganCineba ar
SeiZleba iyos saqmis ganaxlebis mizniT baTilad cnobis Tu axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo gauqmebis
obieqti, radgan maTi meSveobiT xdeba ara saqmis warmoebis damTavreba, aramed calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba, saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli calkeuli sakiTxebis gadawyveta.93
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili iTvaliswinebs mxareTa gan93
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #3,644-646.
744
cxadebis ganxilvis rigiTobas. Tu erTdroulad Semosulia gancxadeba gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobisa

da axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb, sasamarTlom jer unda ganixilos gancxadeba gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb. rac Seexeba gancxadebas axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo
saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba am gancxadebis ganxilvis SeCerebis
Sesaxeb, vidre ar iqneba ganxiluli gancxadeba gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb.
_ aRniSnul gancxadebaTa ganxilvis amgvar rigiTobas SeiZleba hqondes mxolod erTi gamarTleba: gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis safuZvlebi (ssk-is 422-e
muxli), Tu maT sinamdvileSi hqondaT adgili, gacilebiT ufro advili dasadgenia, vidre axlad aRmoCenil
garemoebaTa dadgena.
_ Tu gadawyvetileba baTilad iqna cnobili da saqmis warmoeba ganaxlda, maSin axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis ganxilva aRaraa saWiro, sasurveli Sedegi ukve miRweulia, es gancxadeba ki ganuxilvelad unda iqnes datovebuli.
_ Tu gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis safuZveli
ar arsebobs, maSin sasamarTlom unda ganaaxlos axlad
aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb
SeCerebuli gancxadebis ganxilva.
muxli 422. gancxadeba

gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis)
baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb
1. kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetileba dainteresebuli piris gancxadebiT SeiZleba baTilad iqnes cnobili, Tu:
a) gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi monawileobda mosamarTle, romelsac kanonis Tanaxmad
ufleba ar hqonda, monawileoba mieRo am
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gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi;
b) erT-erTi mxare an misi kanonieri warmomadgeneli (Tu mas aseTi warmomadgeneli
sWirdeba) ar iyo mowveuli saqmis ganxilvaze;
g) piri, romlis uflebebsa da kanoniT
gaTvaliswinebul interesebs uSualod exeba
miRebuli dgadawyvetileba, ar iyo mowveuli saqmis ganxilvaze.
2. gancxadeba aRniSnuli safuZvlebiT gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb dauSvebelia, Tu mxares SeeZlo am safuZvlebis wamoyeneba saqmis ganxilvisas, Sesabamisad pirveli instanciis, saapelacio Tu sakasacio instanciis sasamarTloSi.
1. gancxadeba gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) baTilad
cnobis Sesaxeb SeiZleba Seitanon mxareebma, mesame pirebma damoukidebeli moTxovniT, agreTve im pirma, romelic, marTalia ar figurirebda saqmeSi, rogorc mxare an mesame piri, magram kanonier ZalaSi Sesul gadawyvetilebaSi miTiTebulia am pirze da gansazRvrulia misi ufleba-movaleobebi erT-erTi mxaris mimarT, ris Sesaxebac man gaigo am gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi
Sesvlis Semdeg, kerZod, misi aRsrulebis stadiaze.94
_ es muxli iTvaliswinebs gadawyvetilebis baTilobis sam safuZvels:
a) mosamarTles ufleba ar hqonda monawileoba
mieRo gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi. gadawyvetilebis
miRebaSi monawileobis miRebis ufleba ar aqvs im mosamarTles: romelic monawileobda am saqmis ganxilvaSi
(moiazreba sxvadasxva instanciis sasamarTloebi); romelsac ganucxades acileba da es acileba miiRo sasamarTlom; romelic droebiT gadayenebulia (Camocile94

da gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2004 wlis 19 Tebervlis ganCineba #as-662-1323-03
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bulia) samsaxurebrivi movaleobis Sesrulebisagan;

romelic ar aris am kolegiuri sasamarTlos SemadgenlobaSi da is ar SeuyvaniaT am SemadgenlobaSi kanoniT
dadgenili wesiT;
b) erT-erTi mxare an misi kanonieri warmomadgeneli, ar iyo mowveuli saqmis ganxilvaze. mxaris mowveva saqmis ganxilvaze unda ganxorcieldes ssk-is 7078-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT. saqmis ganxilva erTerTi mxaris (kanonieri warmomadgenlis) gareSe, romelsac ar gaegzavna Setyobineba miTiTebuli muxlebiT
dadgenili wesiT, warmoadgens gadawyvetilebis saapelacio (sakasacio) wesiT gauqmebis udavo safuZvels
(ssk-is 394-e muxli), magram Tu aseTi gadawyvetileba
Sevida kanonier ZalaSi da misi saapelacio (sakasacio)
wesiT gasaCivreba aRar SeiZleba, maSin daismis sakiTxi
am gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb.
_ am punqtis danawesi sworad unda iqnes gagebuli
im TvalsazrisiT, rom mTavaria mxares gaegzavnos Setyobineba ssk-is 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT, magram misi gamoucxadebloba verc saqmis ganxilvas daabrkolebs da verc gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZveli gaxdeba.95
g) piri, romlis uflebebsa da kanonier interesebs uSualod exeba miRebuli gadawyvetileba ar
iyo mowveuli saqmis ganxilvaze. praqtikaSi SesaZloa
adgili hqondes iseT SemTxvevas, rodesac piri marTalia ar yofila saqmeSi Cabmuli arc mosarCeled, arc
mopasuxed da arc mesame pirad damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT, magram sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT
ganisazRvra misi uflebebi da movaleobebi erT-erTi
mxaris mimarT (miekuTvna raime qoneba an ufleba,
daekisra moqmedebis Sesrulebis movaleoba erT-erTi
mxaris mimarT da a.S.), anu uSualod Seexo mis kanonier
interesebs da am dros ar iyo igi saqmis ganxilvaze
95
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mowveuli. ra Tqma unda, yovelive es gadawyvetilebis

kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis momentidan SesaZloa gaxdes
misi baTilobis safuZveli.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb gancxadebis dasaSvebobis (gansaxilvelad
miRebis) pirobas. es piroba negatiuri Sinaarsisaa: mxares ar SeeZlo baTilobis safuZvlebis wamoyeneba
procesis adre etapze, kerZod, pirveli, saapelacio
an sakasacio instanciis sasamarTloSi, anu gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde. igulisxmeba obieqturi da ara subieqturi SeuZlebloba, magaliTad,
baTilobis safuZvlebis arsebobis Sesaxeb mxarem gaigo mxolod gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis
Semdeg. ganmcxadebelma unda daamtkicos garemoebebi, romlebic daadastureben gadawyvetilebis baTilobis safuZvlebis am gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde wamoyenebis SeuZleblobas.
muxli 423. gancxadeba axlad

aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis
warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb
1. kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes axlad aRmoCenil
garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis moTxovniT, Tu:
a) aRmoCndeba, rom dokumenti, romelsac
gadawyvetileba emyareba, yalbia;
b) dadgenilia mowmis Segnebulad cru
Cveneba, eqspertis Segnebulad yalbi daskvna, Segnebulad araswori Targmani, rasac
mohyva ukanono an dausabuTebeli gadawyvetilebis miReba;
g) dadgenilia am saqmeze mxareTa da maT
warmomadgenelTa danaSaulebrivi qmedeba
an mosamarTlis danaSaulebrivi qmedeba;
d) sasamarTlo ganaCeni, gadawyvetileba,
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ganCineba an sxva organos dadgenileba, romelic safuZvlad daedo am gadawyvetilebas, gauqmda;

e) mxare warudgens sasamarTlos kanonier
ZalaSi Sesul gadawyvetilebas, romelic
gamotanilia imave sarCelis mimarT;
v) mxarisaTvis cnobili gaxda iseTi garemoebebi da mtkicebulebebi, romlebic, adre rom yofiliyo wardgenili sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis dros, gamoiwvevda
misTvis xelsayreli gadawyvetilebis gamotanas.
2. axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo
saqmis warmoebis ganaxleba dasaSvebia am
muxlis pirveli nawilis à~-`g~ qvepunqtebSi aRniSnuli safuZvlebiT, sisxlis
samarTlis saqmeze Tu arsebobs kanonier
ZalaSi Sesuli ganaCeni.
3. am muxlis pirveli nawilis è~-`v~
qvepunqtebSi aRniSnuli safuZvlebiT saqmis ganaxleba dasaSvebia, Tu mxares Tavisi
bralis gareSe ar hqonda SesaZlebloba
saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis dros warmoedgina kanonier ZalaSi
Sesuli da imave sarCelze gamotanili gadawyvetileba, an mieTiTebina axal garemoebebsa da mtkicebulebebze.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili Seicavs im garemoebaTa
CamonaTvals, romlebic SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos
gadawyvetilebis gauqmebas da saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebas.
am garemoebaTa damtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba ganmcxadebels. man unda warudginos gancxadebis ganmxilvel sasamarTlos mtkicebulebebi, romlebic miTiTebulia am muxlis me-2 da me-3 nawilebSi.
_ im garemoebaTa CamonaTvali, romlebic SeiZleba
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safuZvlad daedos gadawyvetilebis gauqmebasa da saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebas, amomwuravia da maTi wris arc
gafarToeba da arc Sekveca sasamarTlos ar SeuZlia.
gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis, an axlad aRmoCenil
garemoebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxlebis safuZveli xdeba
sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb.
magaliTi:
sakasacio sasamarTlom, aseTi praqtika, rodesac gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis, an axlad aRmoCenil
garemoebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxlebis safuZveli xdeba
sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb, dauSveblad miiCnia da Tavis erT-erT ganCinebaSi ganmarta: samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 422-e da 423-e muxlebis mixedviT, sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb, ver daedeba safuZvlad gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobas an axlad
aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebas, radgan aseTi gadawyvetileba miRebulia udavo
warmoebis wesiT, sadac ar arian urTierTdapirispirebuli mxareebi, xolo samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis
106-e muxlis Tanaxmad, damtkicebas ar saWiroeben faqtebi, romlebic dadgenilia erT samoqalaqo saqmeze
sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebiT, Tu sxva samoqalaqo saqmeebis ganxilvisas igive
mxareebi monawileoben.96
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili Seicavs im mtkicebulebaTa CamonaTvals, romelTa meSveobiT dasaSvebia im zogierT garemoebaTa damtkiceba, romlebic SeiZleba
safuZvlad daedos saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebas. es
mtkicebulebebia: kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli sisxlis sa-
96
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marTlis saqmeze gamotanili sasamarTlos ganaCeni,

romliTac dasturdeba, rom dokumenti, mowmis Cveneba, eqspertis daskvna, Targmani, romlebic safuZvlad udevs gadawyvetilebas da maSasadame, romelTa
gareSe aseTi gadawyvetileba ar iqneboda gamotanili, yalbi da arasworia, an kidev, dadgenilia saxeldobr, am saqmeze mxareTa, maT warmomadgenelTa, agreTve mosamarTlis danaSaulebrivi qmedeba. mxedvelobaSia misaRebi mxareTa da mosamarTlis iseTi kanonsawinaaRmdego da sisxlis samarTlis wesiT dasjadi qmedeba, romlis zegavleniTac moxda aseTi gadawyvetilebis gamotana.
3. sasamarTloebma mxedvelobidan ar unda gauSvan
am muxlis me-3 nawilis danawesi imis Sesaxeb, rom am
muxlis pirveli nawilis è~-`v~ qvepunqtebSi miTiTebuli safuZvlebi kidec rom dadasturdes (magaliTad:
mxarem warmoadgina anderZi mas Semdeg, roca gadawyvetileba samkvidro qonebis memkvidreebs Soris ganawilebis Sesaxeb ukve Sevida kanonier ZalaSi), am gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba da saqmis warmoebis ganaxleba SeiZleba mxolod ori aucilebeli pirobis arsebobisas:
pirveli, faqti arsebobda gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde, magram cnobili ar iyo manamde da meore, mxarem ar icoda am faqtis Taobaze, amasTan, Tavisi bralis gareSe ar hqonda SesaZlebloba saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis dros mieTiTebina
axal garemoebebsa da mtkicebulebebze.97

1. gancxadeba gadawyvetilebis baTilad
cnobis an axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa
gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb
Setanil unda iqnes gadawyvetilebis (gan97

da gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2004 wlis 2 martis #as-25-34104 ganCineba.
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Cinebis) gamomtan sasamarTloSi. gancxadebas ganixilavs gadawyvetilebis gamomtani

sasamarTlo im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac arsebobs zemdgomi sasamarTlos ganCineba am
gadawyvetilebis ucvlelad datovebis Sesaxeb. saapelacio an sakasacio sasamarTlo
mxolod im SemTxvevaSi ganixilavs gancxadebas gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobisa
da axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb, Tu igi
mis mier gamotanil gadawyvetilebas exeba.
2. Tu gancxadeba gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis an axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb exeba erTsa da imave saqmeze ramdenime sasamarTlo instanciis gadawyvetilebas
(ganCinebas), maSin igi Setanil unda iqnes
maT Soris yvelaze zemdgom sasamarTlo
instanciaSi.
1. gancxadeba saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb
Setanil unda iqnes im sasamarTloSi, romlis mier gamotanili gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) baTilad cnobas an axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo gauqmebas moiTxoven. is garemoeba, rom am gadawyvetilebis ucvlelad (ZalaSi) datovebis Sesaxeb arsebobs saapelacio
an sakasacio sasamarTlos ganCinebebi, ar cvlis gansjadobas. gancxadeba, miuxedavad amisa, unda ganixilos
gadawyvetilebis gamomtanma da ara im sasamarTlom,
romelmac ucvlelad (ZalaSi) datova igi.98
_ sxva sakiTxia, rodesac saapelacio (sakasacio) sasamarTlo auqmebs gadawyvetilebas da TviTon gamoaqvs axali gadawyvetileba. aseT SemTxvevaSi gancxadeba saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb Setanil unda iqnes saapelacio (sakasacio) sasamarTloSi.
98
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #3, 644-646.
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2. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom zemdgomma sasamarTlom nawilobriv gaauqma qvemdgomi instanciis sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba da gauqmebuli nawilis mimarT
TviTon miiRo axali gadawyvetileba. aseT SemTxvevaSi
gancxadeba saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb Setanil unda iqnes zemdgom sasamarTloSi, romelic TviTon ganixilavs sakiTxs mTlianad gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis, Tu axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo
misi gauqmebis Sesaxeb.
_ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom ganmcxadebelma moiTxovos ara mTlianad, aramed gadawyvetilebis mxolod
nawilobriv gauqmeba, agreTve gadawyvetilebis im nawilis gauqmeba da warmoebis ganaxleba, romelic gamotanilia zemdgomi an qvemdgomi sasamarTlos mier. aseT
SemTxvevaSi gancxadeba Setanil unda iqnes im sasamarTloSi, romlis mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebis nawilis gauqmebas da am nawilSi saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebasac moiTxoven. gancxadebis ganxilva warmoebs sskis 430-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlis komentari).
muxli 425. gancxadebis Setanis wesi

gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobisa da axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Setana da misi ganxilva warmoebs saerTo wesebis dacviT, im gamonaklisebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romlebic am TavSia dadgenili.
_ am TaviT (ssk-is Tavi LII, muxlebi 421-432) gansazRvruli gamonaklisebis garda, saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis ganxilva warmoebs am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesebis dacviT.
753
muxli 426. gancxadebis Setanis vada

1. gancxadeba gadawyvetilebis baTilad
cnobisa da axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa
gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb
Setanil unda iqnes erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi da am vadis gagrZeleba ar daiSveba.
2. vadis dena iwyeba im dRidan, rodesac
mxarisaTvis cnobili gaxda gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobisa da axlad aRmoCenil
garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis safuZvlebis arseboba.
3. Tu gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis
Sesaxeb gancxadeba emyareba 422-e muxlis
pirveli nawilis `b~ qvepunqts, gancxadebis
Setanis vada iwyeba im dRes, roca mxares an,
Tu igi qmeduunaroa, mis kanonier warmomadgenels ecnoba gadawyvetileba.
4. gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobisa da
axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis
warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis
Setana dauSvebelia gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan 5 wlis gasvlis
Semdeg.
1. saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis
erTTviani vadis gagrZeleba (aRdgena) ar SeiZleba.
2. gacilebiT ufro didi praqtikuli mniSvneloba
aqvs imis garkvevas, Tu saidan iwyeba am erTTviani vadis dena. Tu mxarisaTvis cnobili gaxda saqmis ganaxlebis safuZvlebi (ssk-is 422-423-e muxlebi) jer kidev gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde, xolo kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg es erTTviani vada
ukve gasulia, maSin am muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad sasamarTlo ar miiRebs gancxadebas.
_ cxadia, rom kanonmdebels mxedvelobaSi aqvs vadis denis dawyebis sxva etapi: imisgan damoukideblad,
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Tu rodis Seityo mxarem gadawyvetilebis baTilobis,

Tu misi axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo gauqmebis
safuZvlebis Sesaxeb, gancxadebis Setanis erTTviani
vadis dena iwyeba gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg, radgan kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde sasamarTlosaTvis gancxadebiT mimarTva saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb, alogikuri da dauSvebelia.
_ sxva sakiTxia, rom saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis safuZvlebis Sesaxeb mxarem Seityo jer kidev gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde da Tanac iseT
dros, rodesac jer kidev hqonda SesaZlebloba Sesabamisi saCivriT miemarTa pirveli instanciis, saapelacio Tu sakasacio instanciis sasamarTlosaTvis, ris
gamoc sasamarTlom uari unda uTxras mas gancxadebis
miRebaze da ganxilvaze, rogorc amas iTvaliswinebs
ssk-is 422-e muxlis me-2 nawili da 423-e muxlis me-3
nawili (ix. am muxlebis komentari). magram es xels ar
uSlis sakiTxis principul gadawyvetas: gancxadebis
Setanis erTTviani vadis aTvla SeiZleba daiwyos
mxolod gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis
Semdeg.
_ saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis instituti arsebobs
mxolod da mxolod iseTi SemTxvevebisaTvis, rodesac
gadawyvetilebis saapelacio an sakasacio wesiT gasaCivreba aRar SeiZleba.
3. mxare (kanonieri warmomadgeneli), romelic saerTod ar iyo mowveuli sasamarTlo sxdomaze, amis Sesaxeb Seityobs mxolod mas Semdeg, rac mas ecnoba gadawyvetileba, e. i. rodesac mas Cabarda gadawyvetileba
uSualod sasamarTloSi, an gaegzavna kanoniT dadgenili wesiT. swored amitom iwyeba vadis aTvla am dRidan.
sxva mxriv am SemTxvevazec vrceldeba yvelaferi is,
rac iTqva am muxlis me-2 nawilis komentarTan dakavSirebiT, kerZod, vadis aTvla daiwyeba mxolod gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg, miuxedavad
imisa, Tu rodis Cabarda es gadawyvetileba maT.
4. xuTi weli gadawyvetilebis ZalaSi Sesvlis dRi755
dan aris is maqsimaluri vada, romlis Semdeg gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis Tu axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZvlebis arsebobis miuxedavad, aRar SeiZleba saqmis warmoebis ganaxleba.
saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi Setanil iqna sarCeli ssk-is 426-e muxlis meoTxe nawilis
gauqmebis Sesaxeb, imis gamo, rom igi ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos konstituciis 42-e muxlis pirvel punqts.
saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos pirvelma
kolegiam Tavisi 2003 wlis 30 aprilis gadawyvetilebiT ar daakmayofila sarCeli da CaTvala, rom ssk-is
426-e muxlis meoTxe nawili, romlis Tanaxmad gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobisa da axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Setana dauSvebelia gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan 5 wlis gasvlis Semdeg, ar ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos konstituciis 42-e muxlis
pirvel punqts.
sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaSi miTiTebulia, rom sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis xangrZlivad gadasinjvis daSveba safrTxes Seuqmnida im
mesame pirTa interesebs, romlebmac ufleba SeiZines
imaTgan, romelTac sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze ekuTvnoda igi. saqmis ganaxleba axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo warmoadgens gamonaklis SemTxvevas. am gamonaklisis daSvebiT safrTxe ar unda Seeqmnas im zogad wess, rom kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetileba aris saboloo, rom igi sabolood da Seuqcevadad adgens mxareTa Soris urTierTobebs. vinaidan uflebis Sesaxeb dava yovelTvis qmnis am uflebis ganusazRvrelobas, sasamarTlo valdebulia wertili dausvas aseT mdgomareobas da gadawyvitos igi.
is, rac iwvevda konfliqts mxareebs Soris, sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis Semdeg iTvleba dadgenilad da
udavod. dauSvebelia kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis mudmivad eWvqveS dayeneba, wi756
naaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi safuZveli gamoecleboda sasamarTlosadmi sandoobis varauds. aravin ar aris dazRveuli imisagan, rom axlad aRmoCenili garemoeba, romelic eWvqveS daayenebs kanonier ZalaSi Sesul gadawyvetilebas, kvlav ar gaxdeba saeWvo.99
muxli 427. gadawyvetilebis baTilad

cnobisa da axlad aRmoCenil
garemoebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxlebis
Sesaxeb gancxadebis Sinaarsi
1. gancxadeba unda Seicavdes:
a) gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis zust
dasaxelebas;
b) miTiTebas im safuZvlebze, romelTa
gamoc unda moxdes gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnoba an saqmis ganaxleba;
g) miTiTebas im garemoebebze, romlebic
mowmoben, rom daculia gancxadebis Setanis vada, da am garemoebebis damadasturebel mtkicebulebebze;
d) miTiTebas gansjadobis wesebis dacvis
Taobaze;
e) miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra zomiT
da ra farglebSi moiTxovs ganmcxadebeli
gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebasa
da sxva gadawyvetilebiT mis Secvlas.
2. Tu gancxadeba ar daakmayofilebs am
moTxovnebs, sasamarTlo avalebs ganmcxadebels Seavsos xarvezi, risTvisac uniSnavs vadas. Tu am vadaSi xarvezi ar Seivseba, gancxadeba aRar daiSveba.
99
saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos pirveli kolegiis

2003 wlis 30 aprilis gadawyvetileba #1/3/161
757
1. garda yvela im monacemisa, romlebsac unda Seicavdes sasamarTlosadmi mimarTuli yvela sxva gancxadeba, saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba unda Seicavdes:
a) kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebis aramarto zust dasaxelebas, aramed agreTve Tan unda daerTos am gadawyvetilebis asli;
b) imis mixedviT, Tu rogoria ganmcxadeblis moTxovna, im safuZvelze miTiTebas, romelsac ssk-is 422423-e muxlebis Tanaxmad ukavSirdeba saqmis warmoebis ganaxleba (ix. am muxlebis komentari);
g) ssk-is 426-e muxli gansazRvravs saqmis warmoebis
ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Setanis vadas da misi
aTvlis wess. vadis aTvla iwyeba im dRidan, rodesac
mxarisaTvis cnobili gaxda saqmis ganaxlebis safuZvlis arseboba. gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos imis
Sesaxeb, Tu rodidan gaxda cnobili ganmcxadeblisaTvis am safuZvlis Sesaxeb da ra mtkicebulebebiT SeuZlia mxares am garemoebis dadastureba.
magaliTad, ganmcxadebeli, romelic moiTxovs gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobas, warudgens sasamarTlos
safosto gzavnils, romliTac dasturdeba gadawyvetilebis Cabarebis dRe (ssk-is 426-e muxlis me-3 nawili).
mxare, romelic moiTxovs axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxlebas, warudgens sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebas an ganCinebas im dokumentis siyalbis Sesaxeb, romelsac emyareba gadawyvetileba da a.S.;
d) saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba im sasamarTlos gansjadia, romlis mierac gamotanilia gadawyvetileba da romlis baTilad cnobas an axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo gauqmebasac moiTxoven (ssk-is
424-e muxli). aqedan gamomdinare, am kategoriis saqmeTa gansjadoba TviTon unda Seamowmos im sasamarTlom,
romelsac mxarem mimarTa gancxadebiT;
e) miuxedavad saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis safuZvlebis arsebobisa, mxares ufleba aqvs moiTxovos gadawyvetilebis ara mTlianad, aramed nawilobriv gauqmeba. ami758
tom, gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos, Tu gadawyvetilebis ra zomiT da ra nawilSi gauqmebas moiTxovs igi.
2. Tu gancxadeba ar pasuxobs am moTxovnebs, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs `ganCineba gancxadebis xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb~. am ganCinebiT sasamarTlo uniSnavs ganmcxadebels vadas xarvezis SevsebisaTvis da afrTxilebs, rom Tu am vadaSi xarvezi ar iqneba Sevsebuli,
gancxadeba ganuxilveli darCeba dauSveblobis gamo
(ssk-is 429-e muxli).100
muxli 428. mosamarTlis Camocileba

gancxadebis ganxilvisagan
gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobisa Tu axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis
ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis ganxilvaSi
dauSvebelia im mosamarTlis monawileoba,
romelsac kanonis mixedviT ar unda mieRo
monawileoba gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi (422e muxlis pirveli nawilis à~ qvepunqti),
an romlis danaSaulebrivi qmedebis gamo
aRiZvris saqme ganaxlebis Sesaxeb (423-e
muxlis pirveli nawilis `g~ qvepunqti).
_ savsebiT mizanSewonili da dasaSvebia, rom gancxadeba saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb imave mosamarTlem an imave sasamarTlos kolegiurma Semadgenlobam ganixilos. aseve savsebiT mizanSewonil, gasageb da sruliad gamarTlebul gamonakliss iTvaliswinebs es muxli, romlis danawesi ganuxrelad unda Sesruldes.
100
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze,2002, #12, gv.2435-2440.
759
muxli 429. gancxadebis dasaSvebobis

Semowmeba
sasamarTlom Tavisi iniciativiT unda Seamowmos, dasaSvebia Tu ara gancxadeba saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb. Tu ar arsebobs
gancxadebis daSvebis esa Tu is piroba,
sasamarTlom Tavisi ganCinebiT gancxadeba
ganuxilvelad unda datovos, rac SeiZleba gasaCivrdes kerZo saCivriT.
es muxli avalebs sasamarTlos Seamowmos saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis dasaSveboba. amisaTvis
sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos aseTi gancxadebis yvela
winapiroba, kerZod:
a) Semotanilia Tu ara gancxadeba uflebamosili piris mier (mxareebi, Tanamonawileebi, mesame pirebi damoukidebeli moTxovniT, uflebamonacvleebi, pirebi,
romlebic, marTalia, ar figurireben saqmeSi rogorc
mxareebi, magram romelTa ufleba-movaleobebi ganisazRvra am gadawyvetilebiT);
b) daculia Tu ara aseTi gancxadebis Setanis erTTviani vada (ix. ssk-is 426-e muxlis komentari);
g) xom ar aris gasuli 5 weli gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan (ssk-is 426-e muxlis me-4 nawili);
d) pasuxobs Tu ara gancxadeba kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul moTxovnebs da Seavso Tu ara ganmcxadebelma
xarvezi sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi (ssk-is 427e muxli);
e) Semotanilia Tu ara gancxadeba sasamarTloSi gansjadobis wesebis dacviT (ssk-is 424-e muxli);
v) SeeZlo Tu ara ganmcxadebels gadawyvetilebis
baTilobis pirobebis wamoyeneba pirveli instanciis,
saapelacio Tu sakasacio instanciis sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisas (ssk-is 422-e muxli);
760
z) ganmcxadebels Tavisi bralis gareSe hqonda Tu

ara SesaZlebloba saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis dros warmoedgina kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli
da imave sarCelze gamotanili gadawyvetileba, an mieTiTebina axal garemoebebsa da mtkicebulebebze (sskis 423-e muxli);
T) gadaxdilia Tu ara saxelmwifo baJi, rasac iTvaliswinebs 38-e muxlis k qvepunqti da 39-e muxlis v
da z qvepunqtebi.
_ Tu aseTi Semowmebis Sedegad aRmoCndeba, rom ar
arsebobs saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis dasaSvebobis esa Tu is piroba da ganmcxadebelma sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi ar gamoaswora xarvezi, romlis gamosworebac SesaZlebeli iyo, sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas `saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb
gancxadebis ganuxilvelad datovebis Taobaze.~
am ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana, garda sakasacio sasamarTlos mier miRebuli ganCinebisa.
_ Tu aseTi Semowmebis Sedegad aRmoCndeba, rom gancxadeba dasaSvebia, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs `ganCineba
saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis miRebisa da am saqmis zepiri ganxilvis daniSvnis Sesaxeb~,
romelic ar saCivrdeba.
muxli 430. gancxadebis ganxilva

1. Tu gancxadeba saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb dasaSvebia, maSin sasamarTlom unda gansazRvros dro saqmis zepiri
ganxilvisaTvis.
2. Tu saqmis zepiri ganxilvis Sedegad
aRmoCndeba, rom gancxadeba usafuZvloa,
sasamarTlo Tavisi ganCinebiT uars ityvis
gancxadebis dakmayofilebaze, rac SeiZleba gasaCivrdes zemdgom sasamarTloSi.
3. Tu gamoirkveva, rom saqmis warmoebis
ganaxlebis moTxovna safuZvliania, maSin
761
gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebas sasamarTlo

gaauqmebs Tavisi ganCinebiT.
1. saqmis zepir ganxilvas, anu sasamarTlo sxdomis
dRes sasamarTlo niSnavs Tavisi ganCinebiT `saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis miRebisa da am
saqmis zepiri ganxilvis dRis daniSvnis Sesaxeb~.
uwyeba sasamarTlo sxdomisa da saqmis zepiri ganxilvis Sesaxeb mxareebs egzavnebaT ssk-is 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.
2. sasamarTlos sxdomaze saqmis ganxilvis dros sasamarTlo ikvlevs saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis safuZvlianobas, e. i. imas, arsebobs Tu
ara ssk-is 422-e muxlis pirvel nawilSi miTiTebuli gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis safuZveli, Tu gancxadeba am safuZvlebs emyareba (ix. am muxlis komentari), an ssk-is 423-e muxlSi miTiTebuli safuZveli, Tu
gancxadeba am safuZvlebs emyareba (ix. am muxlis komentari).
_ Tu ganmcxadebeli ver daadasturebs saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb mis gancxadebaSi miTiTebul
safuZvels (garemoebas), maSin sasamarTlo gamoitans
`ganCinebas saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb~.
es ganCineba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes zemdgom sasamarTloSi, e. i. saapelacio (sakasacio) wesiT.
3. Tu ganmcxadebeli daamtkicebs gancxadebaSi miTiTebul saqmis ganaxlebis safuZvels, maSin sasamarTlo gamoitans `ganCinebas gadawyvetilebis baTilad
cnobisa da saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb~ (sskis 422-e muxli), Tu ganmcxadebeli gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobas da am safuZvelze saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebas moiTxovda, an gamoitans `ganCinebas gadawyvetilebis gauqmebisa da axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb~ (ssk-is 423e muxli), Tu ganmcxadebeli am safuZvliT moiTxovda
warmoebis ganaxlebas.
762
am ganCinebiT, romlis gasaCivrebac ar SeiZleba, sasamarTlo niSnavs saqmis ganxilvis dRes (sasamarTlo
sxdomas), ris Sesaxebac atyobinebs mxareebs kanoniT
dadgenili wesiT.
muxli 431. saqmis ganxilva

gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Semdeg saqme,
romelzedac es gadawyvetileba iyo gamotanili, Tavidan unda iqnes ganxiluli saqmeTa ganxilvis Sesaxeb am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT.
_ imisgan damoukideblad, Tu ra udevs safuZvlad
saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebas _ gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnoba, Tu axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo am
gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba, saqme, romelzec baTilad
cnobili Tu gauqmebuli gadawyvetileba iyo gamotanili, ganxilul unda iqnes Tavidan, e. i. ise, TiTqos
igi adre arc yofila ganxiluli, saqmis ganxilvis am
kodeqsiT dadgenili yvela wesis dacviT.

aRsruleba
saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba ver
SeaCerebs gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebas. sasamarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi ganCinebiT droebiT SeaCeros gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba. gadawyvetilebis iZulebiT sisruleSi
moyvana imaze iqneba damokidebuli, iZleva
Tu ara saqmis warmoebis momTxovni piri
Sesabamis garantiebs.
_ verc saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Setana, verc am gancxadebis gansaxilvelad miRebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCineba da verc saqmis ganxilvis da763
niSvna ver SeaCerebs gadawyvetilebis iZulebiT aRsrulebas.

_ gadawyvetilebis iZulebiT aRsrulebis SeCereba
SesaZlebelia mxolod amis Sesaxeb ganmcxadeblis Suamdgomlobis sasamarTlos mier dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi, ris Sesaxebac mas gamoaqvs ganCineba im gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb, romlis baTilobas an gauqmebasac Seexeba gancxadeba.
_ gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis SeCerebiT SeiZleba garkveuli ziani miadges mowinaaRmdege mxares. amitom, aseTi SeCerebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom Tavisi
iniciativiT unda mosTxovos ganmcxadebels mosalodneli zianis anazRaurebis uzrunvelsayofad Sesabamisi garantiebi (ix. ssk-is 57-e muxlis komentari).
764
samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis gardamavali

da daskvniTi debulebani
muxli 433. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo
saproceso kodeqsis amoqmedeba
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi amoqmeddes 1999 wlis 15 maisidan,
rodesac `saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~
saqarTvelos organuli kanonis Tanaxmad
damTavrdeba saerTo sasamarTloebis sistemis Camoyalibeba da dainiSnebian am sistemis mosamarTleebi.
muxli 434. Zaladakarguli normatiuli aqtebis nusxa

1999 wlis 15 maisidan Zaladakargulad
CaiTvalos:
`saqarTvelos ssr samoqalaqo saproceso
kodeqsis damtkicebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos ssr 1964 wlis 26 dekembris kanoni
(saqarTvelos ssr umaRlesi sabWos uwyebebi, 1964 w., #36, mux. 663), agreTve am
kanoniT damtkicebuli `saqarTvelos ssr
samoqalaqo saproceso samarTlis kodeqsi~.

kanonmdeblobis moqmedeba droSi
samoqalaqo saqmeebis warmoeba sasamarTloSi xorcieldeba samoqalaqo saproceso
kanonebiT, romlebic moqmedebs saqmis ganxilvis, calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis an sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa
aRsrulebis dros.
765
samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobis amoqmedebas droSi awesrigebs agreTve am kodeqsis pirveli muxlis me-2 nawili (ix. am muxlis komentari).
muxli 436. 1999 wlis 15 maisamde

sasamarTloebSi miRebuli, jer kidev
daumTavrebeli saqmeebis ganxilva
1. samoqalaqo saqmeebi, romlebic miRebulia sasamarTloebSi 1999 wlis 15 maisamde, magram romelTa ganxilvac ar aris
damTavrebuli am droisaTvis, unda ganixilon samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT dadgenili wesebis Sesabamisad im sasamarTloebma, romelTa warmoebaSic iyo es saqmeebi.
2. saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis
kanonier ZalaSi Sesul gadawyvetilebebze
1999 wlis 15 maisamde wardgenil sazedamxedvelo saCivrebs, romlebzedac sazedamxedvelo warmoeba damTavrebuli ar aris,
ganixilavs saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palata.
3. saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis
kanonier ZalaSi Sesul gadawyvetilebebze
1999 wlis 15 maisamde Setanil sazedamxedvelo protestebs, aseve saqarTvelos
uzenaesi sasamarTlos sazedamxedvelo palatis Suamdgomlobebs ganixilavs saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo,
samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palata.
4. samoqalaqo saqmeebze pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos mier 1999 wlis 15 maisamde gamotanili gadawyvetilebebi, romlebic ar Sesula kanonier ZalaSi, SeiZleba gasaCivrdes saapelacio wesiT.
5. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos mier
766
pirveli instanciis wesiT ganxilul samoqalaqo saqmeebze 1999 wlis 15 maisis Semdeg gamotanili gadawyvetilebebi kanoniT
dadgenil vadaSi SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sakasacio sasamarTloSi.
6. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palata am muxlis me-2 da me-3 nawilebSi miTiTebul saqmeebs ganixilavs 408-e
muxliT dadgenili wesiT, kolegiurad _ sami mosamarTlis monawileobiT. im saqmeebze Setanili saCivrebi, romlebic gansakuTrebiT rTulia, aseve ganxilulia uzenaesi sasamarTlos sazedamxedvelo palatis, samoqalaqo saqmeTa kolegiisa da prezidiumis mier, ganixileba palatis im wevrTa sruli SemadgenlobiT, romlebsac monawileoba ar miuRiaT saqmis ganxilvaSi.
es wesi ar vrceldeba uzenaesi sasamarTlos sazedamxedvelo palataSi saqmeebis ganxilvaSi monawileTa mimarT.
7. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palatas zedamxedvelobis wesiT saqmeTa ganxilvisas SeuZlia saqme ar gadasces
xelaxla gansaxilvelad da miiRos gadawyvetileba 411-e muxlis Sesabamisad. saproceso samarTlis normebis darRveva mxolod maSin SeiZleba gaxdes gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZveli, Tu am darRvevis
Sedegad saqmeze araswori gadawyvetileba
iqna gamotanili.
767

muxli 439. afxazeTis avtonomiuri
respublikis sasamarTloTa
gansjadoba
afxazeTis avtonomiur respublikaSi saqarTvelos iurisdiqciis srulad aRdgenamde iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa darRveuli da sadavo uflebebis, agreTve kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli interesebis dacvas axorcieleben afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis sasamarTloebi maTi
samoqmedo teritoriebis mixedviT, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis I I I
Tavis moTxovnaTa dacviT, Tu mopasuxec
iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli piria.

saqmianobis SezRudva samoqalaqo
procesSi
pirebs, romlebsac ar gauvliaT advokatTa testireba da ar arian gawevrianebuli saqarTvelos advokatTa asociaciaSi,
ekrZalebaT warmomadgenlis uflebamosilebis ganxorcieleba saapelacio da sakasacio
instanciebis sasamarTloebSi, garda saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organos, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis an mmarTvelobis
organos, organizaciebis TanamSromlebisa
- am organoebisa da organizaciebis saqmeebze.
768
muxli 441.
sacxovrebeli sadgomiT sargeblobisas
warmoSobili urTierTobebis Sesaxeb
saqarTvelos kanonSi Sesabamisi cvlilebebis ganxorcielebamde sasamarTloebma
SeaCeron mesakuTresa da mosargebles Soris
sacxovrebel sadgomTan dakavSirebuli
davebis ganxilva, agreTve SeCerdes
saaRsrulebo moqmedebebi da sacxovrebel
sadgomze mesakuTresa da mosargebles SeunarCundeT Sesabamisi ufleba-movaleobani.

uflebamosilebis ganxorcieleba,
warmoebaSi miRebuli saqmeebis
gadacema da sakasacio saCivrebis
ganxilva
1. am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul saapelacio sasamarTlos uflebamosilebas 2005
wlis 1 noembramde axorcieleben saolqo
da avtonomiuri respublikebis umaRlesi
sasamarTloebi.
2. saolqo sasamarTlosa da avtonomiuri
respublikis umaRlesi sasamarTlos mier
2005 wlis 15 ivlisamde warmoebaSi miRebuli saqmeebi, romelTa ganxilva raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos uflebamosilebas
ganekuTvneba, gadaecema raionul (saqalaqo)
sasamarTlos.
3. 2005 wlis 1 noembramde daregistrirebuli sakasacio saCivris ganxilvaze ar
769
vr vrceldeba am kodeqsis 391-e muxlis

me-2 da me-5 nawilebis moqmedeba.

ganxilva erTpirovnulad
1. 2008 wlis 1 ianvramde Setanili saapelacio saCivari am kodeqsis me-14 muxliT gansazRvrul saqmeebze, qonebrivsamarTlebriv davaze, romlis Rirebuleba
ar aRemateba 10000 lars, aseve Sromis
samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan warmoSobili
davebi SeiZleba erTpirovnulad ganixilos
saapelacio sasamarTlos samoqalaqo saqmeTa palatis mosamarTlem.
2. am muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul saqmeebze dawyebul saapelacio
warmoebas erTpirovnulad agrZelebs saapelacio (saolqo) sasamarTlos samoqalaqo
saqmeTa palatis is mosamarTle, romelic
gamwesebul iqna saapelacio sasamarTlos
samoqalaqo saqmeTa palataSi.
komentarSi gamoyenebuli Semoklebani

ss - saaqcio sazogadoeba
ssk - saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi
sus - saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlo
susg - saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos
gadawyvetilebani
Sps - SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoeba
770
koreqtori i. navrozaSvili
pirobiTi nabeWdi Tabaxi 50

sabeWdi qaRaldi, ofseti # 1 58X90, 1/16
beWdva ofseturi
fasi saxelSekrulebo
gamomcemloba `samarTali~,
Tbilisi, vaJa-fSavelas gamz. 45
stamba Sps gazeTi `saqarTvelos macne~

gr. robaqiZis q. #7a

საქართველოს სამოქალაქო საპროცესო კოდექსის კომენტარი - თენგიზ ლილუაშვილი, ვალერი ხრუსტალი PDF

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საქართველოს სამოქალაქო საპროცესო კოდექსის კომენტარი - თენგიზ ლილუაშვილი, ვალერი ხრუსტალი PDF

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Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali

samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari

Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali

romelTa gaTvaliswineba yovelTvis araa SesaZlebeli.

samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari

meore gamocemis winaTqma

am komentaris pirveli gamocemidan arc ise didi

Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali

damateba iseT muxlebSi, romlebmac sul exlaxan

samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari

samarTalwarmoebis ZiriTadi debulebani ........1

gamoyenebis sfero ................................................................. 1

uwyebrivi qvemdebareoba ........................................ 22

Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali

muxli 13. raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos gansjadi

sasamarTlos Semadgenloba. acileba ........... 49

procesis xarjebi ........................................................ 70

samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari

40. davis saganis Rirebuleba ............................................. 76

saproceso uzrunvelyofa ................................... 106

saproceso vadebi ...................................................... 110

saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis vada ............... 110

Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali

muxli 68. saproceso vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb gancxadebis

sasamarTlo Setyobineba da dabareba ........ 122

mxareTa saproceso uflebaunarianoba da

79. mxareebi samoqalaqo procesSi ................................. 142

mesame pirebi ................................................................ 168

samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari

muxli 88. mesame pirebi damoukidebeli sasarCelo

warmomadgenloba sasamarTloSi ..................... 182

mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba da Sefaseba ...... 200

mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa ...................... 215

Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali

muxli 110. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa sasamarTloSi

adgilze daTvaliereba ......................................... 227

samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari

muxli 132. mxareTa aRiarebis forma .......................................... 242

werilobiTi mtkicebuleba .................................. 245

nivTieri mtkicebuleba ......................................... 274

Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali

muxli 157. mxaris mier nivTieri mtkicebulebis

eqspertis daskvna ..................................................... 284

eqspertizis daniSvna .................................................. 284

saqmeebis ganxilva pirveli instanciiT ...... 304

samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari

muxli 179. sarCelisa da TandarTuli sabuTebis aslebi .. 309

sarGelis uzrunvelyofa ....................................... 335

Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali

saqmis momzadeba sasamarTlos mTavar

sasamarTlos mTavari sxdoma ............................. 376

samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari

muxli 224. mosarCelis mier sarCelis Secvlisa da

dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba ............................ 413

mosarCelis gamoucxadebloba ................................ 413

sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba .............................. 432

Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali

muxli 252. gadawyvetileba iuridiuli pirisagan fuladi

sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis kanonieri

samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari