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Recall
P t x ,y
Chapter 4.5
Identities
1
csc t , y 0
y
1
sec t , x 0
x
x
cot t , y 0
y
sin t y
cos t x
y
tan t , x 0
x
Fundamental Identities
tan t
sin t
cos t
cot t
cos t
sin t
Fundamental Identities
x2 y2 1
P t x , y
2
cos t sint
sec t
1
cos t
csc t
1
sin t
1
cot t
tan t
cos2 t sin2 t 1
cos2 t sin2 t
1
2
2
cos t cos t cos2 t
1 tan2 t sec2 t
Fundamental Identities
Fundamental Identities
cos2 t sin2 t 1
cos2 t sin2 t 1
cos2 t sin2 t
1
2
2
2
sin t sin t sin t
1 tan2 t sec2 t
cot2 t 1 csc2 t
cot2 t 1 csc2 t
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Challenge!
Example 4.5.1
P QII
P QI
P QIII
P QII
5. Arcsin 35
P QI
6. Arccot 5
P QII
7. Arcsec
P QII
3
cos
5
3
2
5
sec
3
3
and P QIV , find
5
the circular function values of .
1
5
sec
cos 3
Given that cos
4
sin
5
cos 2 sin2 1
sin2 1
3
2
sin 1
5
9
sin2 1
25
9
25
16
25
4
sin
5
sin2
Example 4.5.2
Find the other circular function values of
2
and cos 0.
3
P QIII
if tan
1
5
sin
4
4
sin 5
4
tan
3
cos
3
5
1
3
cot
tan
4
csc
cot
1
3
tan 2
13
9
13
sec
3
sec2
1 tan2 sec2
2
2
1 sec 2
3
cos
1
3
3 13
sec
13
13
Example 4.5.3
tan
2
3
cot
3
2
sec
3
13
sin
tan
cos
cos
2
2 3
sin tan cos
13
3 13
1
13
csc
sin
2
13
3
2
Evaluate cos Arcsin .
3
2
Let Arcsin
Find cos .
3
2
sin and P QI
3
cos2 sin2 1
cos2
5
9
cos
5
3
2
cos2 1
3
cos2 1
4
9
5
2
cos Arcsin
3
3
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tan u v
tan u tan v
1 tan u tan v
Example 4.5.4
Find the exact value of cos 512 .
cos 512 cos 812 312 cos 23 4
cos 23 4 cos 23 cos 4 sin 23 sin 4
1 2 3 2
2 2 2
2
Example 4.5.4
2
6
6 2
4
4
4
Example 4.5.5
terminates in QI.
2
2 2 2
6
2
6 2
4
4
4
1. Find sin u v
sin u v sin u cos v cos u sin v
sin u 23
P u QI
sin v 13
P v QI
P u QI
sinv 13
P v QI
sinu 23
cos u
sinv 13
cos v 2 32
cos2 u sin2 u 1
2
2
cos2 u 1
3
4
2
cos u 1
9
5
2
cos u
9
5
cos u
3
cos2 v sin2 v 1
5
3
1
cos2 v 1
3
1
2
cos v 1
9
8
2
cos v
9
2 2
cos v
3
2 2 2 5 1
sin u v
3 3 3 3
4 2
5
9
9
4 2 5
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sin u 23
cos u
sin v 13
cos v 2 32
5 2 2 2 1
cos u v
3
3 3
3
2 10 2
9
9
2 10 2
Example 4.5.6
cot u v
12
13
v Arcsec
5
4
1
1
1 tanu tan v
cot u v
cot u v
12
tanu
13
4 2 5
0
9
2 10 2
cos u v
0
9
P u v QI
sin u v
1 tan u tanv
tanu tanv
3
tan v
4
12 3
1 1 36
16
13 4
52 52 16
cot u v
12 3
48 39 87
87
52
13 4
52 52
12
5 16
cot Arctan Arcsec
13
4 87
1 tan u tanv
tan u tan v
12
13
5
sec v
4
tanu
P v QI
1 tan2 v sec2 v
5
1 tan2 v
4
25
2
tan v 1
16
tan2 v
9
16
tanv
3
4
Double--Measure Identities
Double
sin 2u sin u u
sinu cos u cos u sinu
sinu cos u sin u cos u
2sinu cos u
cos 2u cos u u
cos u cos u sin u sin u
cos2 u sin2 u
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Double--Measure Identities
Double
Example 4.5.7
Given that tan u
3
and P u QII ,
4
1. Find sin 2u
sin 2u 2sin u cos u
tan u
2cos2 u 1
3
4
P u QII
1 tan2 u sec2 u
1 2sin2 u
25
16
sec2 u
tan 2u
3
1 sec2 u
4
9
sec2 u 1
16
2tan u
1 tan2 u
cos 2u 2cos 2 u 1
cos u
4
5
4
2 1
5
16
2 1
25
32
1
25
7
25
24
3 4
sin 2u 2
5
5
25
Example 4.5.8
2. Find tan 2u .
sin 2u
5
4
2. Find cos 2u .
3
5
tan u
sec u
4
4
1
4
cos u
sec u
5
sin u
tan u
cos u
3 4 3
sin u tan u cos u
4 5 5
24
25 24
7
cos 2u
7
25
2 tan u
verify using tan 2u
.
1 tan2 u
tan 2u
sec u
Let u Arcsec 32
Find tan 2u .
tan 2u
2tan u
1 tan2 u
sec u 23 and P u QI
3. Find the quadrant where P 2u lies.
7
0
25
P 2u QIV
cos 2u
sin 2u
1 tan2 u sec2 u
24
0
25
1 tan2 u 23
tan2 u 94 1
tan2 u 45
tan u
5
2
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tan 2u
Half--Measure Identities
Half
2tanu
1 tan2 u
5
2
tan u
tan 2u
1
2
5
2
5
2
1 cos u
1
sin u
2
2
5
1 54
1 cos u
sin u
1 cos u
1
tan u
1 cos u 1 cos u
sin u
2
1 cos u
1
cos u
2
2
1
4
4 5
tan 2Arcsec 23 4 5
Example 4.8.9
Example 4.5.7
5
and t terminates at QII , find
13
1
1. sin t
2
1
2. cos t
2
1
3. tan t
2
1
First determine where P t is.
2
P t QII
t
2
t
1
P t QI
4 2 2
2
Example 4.5.7
Example 4.5.7
1 cos u
1
1
1. sin t
since P t QI.
2
2
2
Note sint
1 cos u
1
1. sin t
2
2
5
and P t QII.
13
Hence,
cos t 1 sin2 t
1
2
5
1
13
12
13
25
169
12
1
13
2
25 5 26
26
26
1 cos u
1
2. cos t
2
2
12
1
13
2
1
26
26 26
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Example 4.5.7
Example 4.8.10
Find the exact value of csc 8 .
1
sin t
1
2
3. tan t
2 cos 1 t
2
csc 8
1
sin
sin
1
2
1
1 cos 4
2
1
5 26
26
26
26
1 2
2 2
2
2 2
Proving Identities
Example 4.8.12
sin2 t 2cos2 t
Prove that tan t 2cot t
sin t cos t
Proof.
2
sin t 2cos t
sin t
2cos t
sin t cos t
sin t cos t sin t cos t
sint 2cos t
cos t sin t
tant 2cot t
Prove that
Proof.
sec x
cot x tan x
Example 4.8.14
Prove that
1 cos 2t
sin 2t
sec x
sin x
cot x tan x
1
1
cos x
cos x
sin x cos x
sin x cos x
1
1
cos x
sin x
1
1
sin x cos x sin x
Example 4.8.14
tan t
Proof.
Proof.
1 cos 2t 1 1 2sin t
sin 2t
2sint cos t
2
2sin t
2sint cos t
sint
cos t
tant
sin 3u sin 2u u
sin 2u cos u cos 2u sin u
2sin u cos u cos u 2cos2 u 1 sin u
2sin u cos2 u 2sin u cos2 u sin u
4sinu cos2 u sinu
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Example 4.8.15