All About Stevia

(A Complete Research Project & Business Plan)

India - 2015

NAGESHWAR MISHRA
nagesh.mishra@yahoo.com

Those who fail to plan, plan to fail.

-George Hewell

Table of Contents
I.

Industry Analysis ................................................................................................................................... 4

Market Need ............................................................................................................................................. 4
Market Fundamentals ............................................................................................................................... 4
Market/Industry Overview ................................................................................................................... 4
Market/Industry Trends ........................................................................................................................ 5
Relevant Market Size ............................................................................................................................ 5
Purchase Process and Buying Criteria ................................................................................................... 5

II.

Customer Analysis ................................................................................................................................. 6

Customer Needs........................................................................................................................................ 6
Target Customer Profile ............................................................................................................................ 6

III.

Competitive Analysis ......................................................................................................................... 7

Competitive Advantage ............................................................................................................................ 8

IV.

Marketing Plan .................................................................................................................................. 8

Products and Services ............................................................................................................................... 8

Unique Qualifications............................................................................................................................ 8
Price Strategy ............................................................................................................................................ 9
Cost Analysis ....................................................................................................................................... 10
Branding and Promotions Plan ............................................................................................................... 11
Advertising Plan .................................................................................................................................. 12
Public Relations Plan ........................................................................................................................... 12
Distribution Plan ..................................................................................................................................... 12
Strategic Alliances ................................................................................................................................... 12
V.

Operations Plan................................................................................................................................... 12
Key Operational Processes...................................................................................................................... 12
Soil Testing .......................................................................................................................................... 13
Propagation ......................................................................................................................................... 13
Land Preparation................................................................................................................................. 13
Planting ............................................................................................................................................... 14
Plant Protection & Irrigation ............................................................................................................... 14

Harvesting ........................................................................................................................................... 15
Drying .................................................................................................................................................. 15
Packaging ............................................................................................................................................ 16
Replacement and Replanting .............................................................................................................. 16
Production Flow Chart ............................................................................................................................ 17
VI.

Risk Management ........................................................................................................................... 18

Risks ........................................................................................................................................................ 18
Market/prices ..................................................................................................................................... 18
Production........................................................................................................................................... 18
Financial .............................................................................................................................................. 18
Institutional/legal ................................................................................................................................ 18
Technology risk: .................................................................................................................................. 18
Personal risk: ....................................................................................................................................... 18
Other risk: ........................................................................................................................................... 18
Risk Mitigation Strategy .......................................................................................................................... 18
VII.

Appendices ...................................................................................................................................... 20

A.

OPEN QUESTIONS ........................................................................................................................... 20

B.

Crop Insurance ................................................................................................................................ 20

National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS).................................................................................. 20

C.

Check List ........................................................................................................................................ 21

D.

Cultivation Snapshot ....................................................................................................................... 23

E.

Irrigation System Design ................................................................................................................. 27

F.

SAMPLE BUY BACK AGREEMENT .................................................................................................... 29

I. Industry Analysis
Market Need
The diabetic population has been rising steeply since the last decade. As a result, the market for a natural, low
calorie sweetener has witnessed exponential growth. Brands like Sugar free and Equal are the leading players in
India. However the researchers has experienced that sustained use of aspartame based products could be harmful
in longer run. India tops the diabetic population with 30 million patients, which is expected to increase to 80
million in 2025. China ranks second in diabetic population followed by the US and Russia. Currently Japan has been
using Stevia on large scale. Thus the latest need was to have natural product with no side effect, proven by the
people across the globe
The Stevia plant has a long history of safe usage. It has received government approval in over 20 countries,
regulatory approvals for the use of Stevia and Stevioside as a food additive have been received in Japan, Korea,
China, Taiwan, Australia, Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Indonesia and Latin America. In USA and Canada, it
is approved for use as a dietary supplement and is commonly found and sold in natural foods stores throughout
the country also approved by WHO and petitions pending in many more countries.
In 2006, the World Health Organization evaluated Stevia and found no evidence of carcinogenicity in Stevioside
and Rebaudioside A. It also reported that Stevioside led to beneficial effects in patients with hypertension or with
type-2 diabetes. The report concluded that further study was needed to determine proper dosage.
There are several limitations to the growth of Stevia markets. The key ones relate to economics as Stevia products
are currently more expensive than other high-intensity sweetener products. The other issue relates to after tastes
as Stevia products are reported to have a distinct after taste. Companies involved in formulation development are
focusing on this as also product consistency issues.
The Stevia market is active on a number of fronts - not just brands incorporating Stevia into their formulations, but
also within its harvesting, supply and distribution.

Market Fundamentals
Market/Industry Overview
The world market, it is about $ 500 million market of Stevia Sweetener, where Japan is the largest consumer, with
yearly consumption of $200 million. Infect in Japan the artificial sweetener are banned. Therefore working on the
same line, in India there is need to promote herbal sweetener Stevia.
Worldwide, 32,000 hectares are covered under Stevia cultivation, of which China has a major chunk of 75%. The
India's total annual production is currently nearly 600 tons. The climatic conditions in most parts of India are quite
favorable for Stevia cultivation. The Indian market for sweeteners can shift towards Stevia if it gets a boost from
the government. Stevia is cheaper than sugar. The average sugar yield from a 0.4 ha sugarcane field is four tones;
average yield of Stevia extract that equals sweetness of sugar is over 60 tons from 0.4 ha.
According to Mintels Global New Products Database (GNPD), globally 180 new food and beverage products
containing Stevia have been launched in the past year. These include teas, potato snacks, dressings and beverages.
India being largest consumer of cane sugar along with largest diabetic population in the world, Stevia is ideally
poised to make significant contribution in satisfying the Indian demand of natural low calories sweetener.
Leatherhead reports that, between 2007 and 2009, the global market for intense sweeteners increased by almost
19% in value terms. Much of the recent growth has resulted from stevia gaining regulatory approval within the US
where PepsiCo and The Coca-Cola Co were quick off the mark in developing products sweetened with it.

The major challenges for the Stevia market is competition with ordinary sugar, higher price of Stevia added
products than the ordinary products and lack of raw materials.
As Stevia value chain from cultivation to processing to refining is poised to grow in near future, it is imperative to
look at sustainable models of Stevia production an activity which can have profound implications for revitalizing
rural economies worldwide.
Despite the potential, Stevia markets face major challenges, relating to the following factors.

Supply reliability of high quality Stevia leaves ( > 90% Stevioside content)
Access to extraction and refining technology
Competitive cost structure for upstream, mid stream extraction and downstream production
Shifts in regional taste preferences
Consumer acceptance
Complexities in managing supply chain

In the future, Stevia market growth will hinge on:

Customer preferences
Proximity to markets
Market driven cultivation
Technology to ensure product reliability and consistency
Leveraging the promise of tissue culture

Identifying appropriate seedlings, improved agronomical practices, access to extraction technologies, market
acceptance of new products, threats from other sweeteners and rationalization of cost structures will also prove to
be major challenges.

Market/Industry Trends
At present, Stevia accounts for just one per cent of the global sugar-substitute market, though its value in the US
market is expected to grow to $2,000 million by end of 2011, from $21 million in 2008, according to a prediction by
research group Mintel.
A new report entitled 'The Global Market for Intense Sweeteners' from Leatherhead Food Research forecasts that,
by the middle of the next decade, natural sweeteners could account for up to a quarter of the market. "Stevia
represents one of the most dynamic sectors within the global intense sweeteners market by far," the report notes,
"with sales having risen dramatically since the middle of the last decade as a result of increasing uptake within the
US food and drinks industry.

Relevant Market Size

Stevia is poised for major growth in the Indian cash crop market as domestic and export demand is estimated (in
2008) to leap by 300% over the next three years. In India, there are more than 1600 companies working for Stevia
as a manufacturer, supplier, and exporter or involved in farming. However, after taking closer look, out of 1600
companies, around 400 are majorly involved in Stevia industry.

Purchase Process and Buying Criteria

Proposing a strategic alliance with one of leading Stevia Processing Group (detail of the organization is added in
appendix) with initial Buy Back Agreement for one full crop cycle (deemed to be 4 years). Purchasing process and
buying criteria will be strictly aligned to the agreement with the supplying firm. Stevia plants will be purchased
from supplier and shipped to via Air. Complete details will mentioned in the Buy Back Agreement (see Appendix)

II. Customer Analysis

Customer Needs
There are more than 400 companies in India working as an exporter, manufacturer or supplier of Stevia. High
Quality Stevia leaves (with more than 8% Reb A) is main source of demand for these companies which is
normally exported to Japan, China or US where it is further processed and used as alternative of Sugar. However in
India also, there are few companies which have started operating in Stevia extraction and producing final Stevia
powder.

Target Customer Profile

Who is Customer?
Stevia Industry is relatively new to India, its always better to go for its cultivation with Buyback agreement plan.
However therell be a strategic alliance with a Surat based leading herbal company, which will be its main
customer for initial few years.
Where is the Customer?
Japan, China and USA are the main market for the Stevia. China covers around 80% for Stevia production market
while in Japan, it is mostly consumed. USA and India are the emerging market for Stevia. There are more than 400
companies in India working as an exporter, manufacturer or supplier of Stevia.
When do they buy?
Stevia dried leaves are in demand throughout the year. Stevia leaves are normally harvested quarterly and sold
just after harvesting after making it dry.
What do they buy?
High Quality Stevia dried leaves with rich Stevioside & Rebaudioside content are the main demand for all Indian
Herbal companies working for Stevia, from which they extract Stevioside and create powder.
Why do they buy?
A new report entitled 'The Global Market for Intense Sweeteners' from Leatherhead Food Research forecasts that,
by the middle of the next decade, natural sweeteners could account for up to a quarter of the market. "Stevia
represents one of the most dynamic sectors within the global intense sweeteners market by far," the report notes,
"with sales having risen dramatically since the middle of the last decade as a result of increasing uptake within the
US food and drinks industry.
How much do they buy?
At present, Stevia accounts for just one per cent of the global sugar-substitute market, though its value in the US
market is expected to grow to $2,000 million by end of 2011, from $21 million in 2008, according to a prediction by
research group Mintel. The world market, it is about $ 500 million market of Stevia Sweetener, where Japan is the
largest consumer, with yearly consumption of $200 million.
Stevia is poised for major growth in the Indian cash crop market as domestic and export demand is estimated (in
2008) to leap by 300% over the next three years. The India's total annual production is currently nearly 600 tons.

III. Competitive Analysis

In India, there are more than 1600 companies working for Stevia as a manufacturer, supplier, and exporter or
involved in farming and out of 1600 companies, around 400 are majorly involved in Stevia industry. However,
there are few companies (less than 10 in number) working as dominating player. Most of them are Pune, Mumbai,
Gujarat and New Delhi based. There are around 125 Companies working in Stevia or other herbal industry in local
market of UP and its neighboring states (New Delhi, Haryana, Uttaranchal, Madhya Pradesh) and out which most
of them are either supplier of manufacturer/processor of Stevia. Statistics shows that there are less than 10
companies which are involved in Stevia farming in these states which are the direct competitors. There are various
other companies in other states too involved in Stevia cultivations and working as indirect competitors. Below are
the some statistics:
States
Andhra Pradesh

No of Comps

States
26

Supplier

Manufactures

Exporter

Farming

Andhra Pradesh

17

Assam

Assam

Bihar

Bihar

Chhattisgarh

Chhattisgarh

Gujarat

40

Gujarat

Haryana

35

13

Haryana

Himachal Pradesh

10

Himachal Pradesh

Jammu and Kashmir

Jammu and Kashmir

Jharkhand

Jharkhand

Karnataka

39

Karnataka

24

13

10

Kerala

35

Maharashtra

Madhya Pradesh

63

27

New Delhi

Maharashtra

39

43

17

17

New Delhi

26

16

13

Orissa

Punjab

Rajasthan

11

Tamil Nadu

28

10

14

Union Territory

Uttar Pradesh

27

Uttaranchal

West Bengal

13

11

Nagaland

Kerala
Madhya Pradesh

Orissa

Punjab

16

Rajasthan
Tamil Nadu
Union Territory
Uttar Pradesh
Uttaranchal
West Bengal
Nagaland
Grand Total

20
45
7
37
2
22
1
435

Competitive Advantage
With respect to the local competitions, positioning its product as a main and trusted source of Highest Quality
Stevia Dried leaves with rich content of Stevioside & Rebaudioside with a competitive price in Uttar Pradesh
region of India. Detailed positioning of product is explained under Product and Services section of Marketing Plan.

IV. Marketing Plan

Products and Services
Stevia Dried Leaves: Providing Highest Quality Naturally Dried Stevia leaves with rich Stevioside & Rebaudioside
content, grown with stringent quality standards at each level from sowing to harvesting and packaging.

Unique Qualifications

Best of Breed Variety of Stevia Plant

Highest Quality Naturally Grown Stevia Dried leaves
Highest Stevioside & Rebaudioside content,
Hygienically Grown with stringent quality standards at each level from sowing to harvesting
Naturally dried leaves
Hygienic packaging.

Stevia plants are grown in highly fertile soil with right intensity of light and temperature and following industry
certified process at each level if cultivation. Vegetative propagation is the means of propagation of Stevia leaves
ability to sweeten is rated between 70 to 400 times that of white sugar. Typically, it has a mild licorice like taste
and is completely natural in its biochemical profile Stevioside and Rebaudioside A are the principal Steviol
glycosides of the Stevia leaves while Rebaudioside C and Dulcoside A are secondary steviol glycosides. Other
Steviol glycosides may also be present.

The principal advantages of Stevia and Stevio glycosides are the following

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

It is a completely natural non-synthetic product.

Stevioside (the Steviol glycosides) contains no calories as like of other sweeteners.
Stevia leaves can be used in their natural state (fresh as well as dried form).
Thanks to its high sweetening intensity, only small quantities need to be used in its applications.
The leaves as well as the pure Stevioside extract can be used as such or while cooking.
Due to its almost negligible calorie contribution, it is useful for overweight, obese and for health conscious
individuals.
Stevia in the form of pure extract has been reported to give 200 to 300 times sweetness than sugar.
Stevia acts as plaque retardant anti-caries and prevents cavities.
Stevia is non-toxic but, on the contrary, it is healthful, as shown by long experience
The human body does not recognize the sweet glycosides and they pass right through the normal
excretion channels and thus the body obtains no calories from Stevia therefore Stevia is safer for diabetic
and hypoglycemic patients in its pure, unadulterated form.
Stevia can enhance the effect of other sweeteners such as honey and maple syrup, so adding it to recipes
might be helpful in reducing the amount of total sweetener needed.
Stevia is comparatively more intense sweetener than other available artificial sweetener in market.
Cheaper as compare to sugar as well as the rest of the available sweeteners.

Price Strategy

Strategic alliance with one of leading Stevia Processing Group (detail of the organization is added in
appendix) with initial Buy Back Agreement for one full crop cycle (deemed to be 4 years) with the pricing
tag of Rs 100/kg
Pricing Strategy is completely aligned with the terms and conditions with Buy Back Agreement
Industrys best and competitive pricing strategy will be applied for any third party or external supply
Pricing strategy is arrived after thorough analysis of complete cost incurred for the end to end process of
Steve Leaves cultivation and its packaging and shipping
Pricing Strategy is strictly aligned with the total cost incurred and varies in proportion to that.
Cost Strategy depends on two different mode of operation i.e. Cost incurred on Owned land and Cost
Incurred on Leased Land
Below is the complete Cost Analysis for each set of operation

Cost Analysis
Cost Estimation for Cultivation for Three Acre land
Project Economics - For 3 Acre
Per Acre

Expense Detail (in INR)

Year 1

Fixed Costs
Purchases (30000 plants per acre

Year 2

Year 3

Year 4

Total

3
@Rs2/Plant)

Land Preparation

60000

180000

180000

3000

9000

9000

Drip Installation Charges

25000

75000

75000

Boring Charges

25000

25000

25000

Water Tank Preparation (25000 One Time)

25000

25000

Fencing

20000

60000

60000

Rent/Lease (Land)
Other (Land Loyality)

158000

374000

349000

Support Staff/Supervisor Wages (Rs2500 p.m.)

Other Labors Wages (10 Mandays Per Qtr @Rs150
Per Day)
Manures, Fertilizers and Plant growth promoters
exp.

30000

30000

30000

30000

30000

120000

3000

9000

9000

9000

9000

36000

15000

45000

45000

45000

45000

180000

Grading, packing,shipping etc

13200

39600

39600

39600

39600

158400

Electricity Charges

3000

9000

9000

9000

9000

36000

Car, delivery & travel

3000

9000

9000

9000

9000

36000

3000

3000

3000

3000

3000

12000

Utilities

Insurance

Depreciation on Drip - 15%

3750

11251

11251

11251

11251

45004.8

Depreciation on Asset (Plant) - 10%

6000

18000

18000

18000

18000

72000

Miscellaneous

5000

15000

15000

15000

15000

60000

Total Variable Cost

84950

188851

188851

188851

188851

755405

Total Cost Per Year

242950

562851

188851

188851

188851

1104405

2200

6600

6600

6600

6600

26400

Total Fixed Cost

Variable Costs

Accounting & legal

Telephone (250 per month)

Owners' Withdrawal

Total Production
Cash Sales

627000

627000

627000

627000

2508000

Net Profit Per Acre Per Year

64149

438149

438149

438149

1403595

85

29

29

29

42

Average Cost Per Kg Stevia Leaves

Cost Estimation for Cultivation in Five Bigha Land

Project Economics - For 5 Bigha
Expense Detail (In INR)

Per Bigha

Year 1

Land Preparation

Year 3

Year 4

Total

Fixed Costs
Purchases (18750 Bigha @Rs2/Plant)

Year 2

37500

187500

187500

1875

9375

9375

Drip Installation Charges

15625

78125

78125

Boring Charges (25000 One Time)

25000

25000

25000

Water Tank Preparation (25000 One Time)

25000

25000

Fencing

12500

62500

62500

Rent/Lease (Land)
Other (Land Loyalty)

117500

387500

362500

30000

30000

30000

30000

30000

120000

Other Labors Wages (10 Man days Per Qtr @Rs150

Per Day)

3000

15000

15000

15000

15000

60000

Manures, Fertilizers and Plant growth promoters

exp.

9375

46875

46875

46875

46875

187500

Grading, packing, shipping etc

8250

41250

41250

41250

41250

165000

Electricity Charges

1875

9375

9375

9375

9375

37500

Car, delivery & travel

1875

9375

9375

9375

9375

37500

Total Fixed Cost

Variable Costs
Support Staff/Supervisor Wages (Rs2500 p.m.)

Accounting & legal

Telephone (250 Per Month)

3000

3000

3000

3000

3000

12000

Utilities

Insurance

Depreciation on Drip - 15%

2344

11720

11720

11720

11720

46880

Depreciation on Asset (Plant) - 10%

3750

18750

18750

18750

18750

75000

Miscellaneous

3125

15625

15625

15625

15625

62500

Owners' Withdrawal

Total Variable Cost

66594

200970

200970

200970

200970

803880

Total Cost Per Year

184094

588470

200970

200970

200970

1166380

Total Production

6875

6875

6875

6875

27500

Cash Sales

1375

653125

653125

653125

653125

2612500

Net Profit Per Year

64655

452155

452155

452155

1446120

86

29

29

29

42

Average Cost Per Kg Stevia Leaves

Branding and Promotions Plan

Positioning as a main and trusted source of Highest Quality Stevia Dried leaves with rich content of Stevioside &
Rebaudioside in Uttar Pradesh region of India.
Following are the key plan as a part of promotional strategy:

Advertising Plan
Internet would be main source for the advertising plan. Utilizing multiple B2B and B2C web portals, news,
agriculture forums, blogs and other community sites as its promotional plan. Effort for this would be accounted
and will be one of key activity of the management. A brochure is supposed to be created and published for the
same.

Public Relations Plan

Promoting the Stevia and its awareness though public relations and would be engaged with multiple Local NGOs,
Non Profit Institutions and Government body.

Distribution Plan
Currently, In India, there are limited no of process unites for the Stevia. Stevia leaves are purchased by local
exporters and sold to these processing units or exported to China or Japan which are major source of Stevia
consumption.
Having Buy Back Agreement with one of the leading Stevia Manufacturing organization (detail of the organization
is added in appendix) and which will purchase Stevia leaves for entire crop cycle (deemed to be 4 years) and Leaves
were shipped to them via Air from nearest local airport.

Strategic Alliances
Strategic alliance with one of the leading Stevia Manufacturing organization (detail of the organization is added in
appendix) and which will providing below services:

Consultancy for Stevia cultivation from Land Preparation to Harvesting and packaging

Supply of Stevia planting material

Buyback for Stevia dry leaves and its planting material

V. Operations Plan
Key Operational Processes
Stevia stems are brittle, but nurseries have developed packing methods to protect them in transit. Very high
temperatures may stress transplants. Plants should be transferred to the land as soon as possible after arrival,
making sure they don't dry out in the meantime. Cuttings should be taken in March for transplanting in May or
June. Plants from later cuttings may be over-wintered in pots under fluorescent lights.
Stevia may be affected by two lesion-producing fungal diseases, Septoria steviae and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
(Brandle et al., 1998). With Sclerotinia, dark brown lesions form on stems, near the soil line, followed by wilting
and eventual collapse of the plant. Stevia plants are usually full grown before diseases appear.
As harvest time nears, commercial growers watch plants closely and harvest the entire crop at the first sign of
disease. Meticulous weed control (by hand) permits strong growth, which helps plants resist disease. Humid, wet
weather and standing water favor the development of fungal diseases, making raised beds or hills a preventative
measure. Additionally, avoid wetting leaves during irrigation. Stevia is usually the last plant insects will feed on, so
pests are seldom a problem outdoors. Aphids, thrips, and whiteflies can cause damage in heavily infested
greenhouses.

Soil Testing
Stevia prefers a well-drained fertile sandy loam or loam soil, high in organic matter with ample supply of water. It
prefers acidic to neutral (pH 6-7) soil for better growth. It requires a consistent supply of moisture, but not
waterlogged. Too much soil moisture can cause rot. It is a semi-humid subtropical plant that shows higher leaf
production under high light intensity and warm temperature. Day length is more critical than light intensity. Long
spring and summer days favor leaf growth. Short days trigger blossoming. Stevia prefers partial shade during
considerable summer sunshine.
Activities:
1. Check the type of Soil. Sandy loam or Loamy soil is preferred for cultivation
2. Check acidic nature of Soil. Ph 6-7 level is preferred. Soil should not be saline.
3. Average Temperature should be 8 to 40 degree

Propagation
Stevia is self-incompatible in nature; hence propagation through seeds is a difficult proposition. Therefore,
vegetative propagation or micro propagation is the means of propagation of Stevia. The 15 cm length of cuttings
was found to be optimum and pretreatment of cuttings with Paclobutrazol at 50-100 ppm resulted in good
sprouting and rooting. A field experiment was conducted at University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore to study
the effect of length of stem cuttings and growth regulators on vegetative propagation of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana
bertoni). The sprouting percentage and shoot growth of sprouted cuttings were significantly higher with 15 cm
cuttings compared to 7.5 cm cuttings. Pretreatment of cuttings with 3-Indolbutyric acid (IBA) or anaphthapene
acetic acid (NAA) or their mixture caused injury to callus tissue due to higher concentration and resulted in very
poor sprouting even compared to control. The direct planting of stem in main field was found to have a limited
success.
Stevia is usually propagated by stem cuttings, which root easily. Sweetness in leaves varies with varieties.
Therefore, for propagation cutting should be obtained from a source, which is high in stevioside and low in
associated bitterness. Rooting can be enhanced by using commercial rooting hormones. Cutting should be 15 cm
long, from leaf axils of current year growth with atleast two leaf buds above ground. All the lower leaves are
removed keeping 2or 3 small leaves. Treatment with paclobutrazol @ 100 ppm has been found to induce the root
initiation in short time. Effective outcome of this treatment can be obtained when the cuttings are planted during
the month of February-March. Propagation can be done in other period also with varying success.
Activities:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Go for vegetative propagated Tissue Culture or Stem cutting method. Tissue Culture is preferred.
Check the variety of Stevia Plant
Check the height of Stem. Cutting should be 15 cm long, from leaf axils of current year growth with at
least two leaf buds above ground. Check the appendix for Leaves check list.
Check the Stevioside content of Plant source

Land Preparation
Land is either disked and /or harrowed twice to prepare a fairly smooth, firm-planting surface. With proper
drainage and irrigation channels the field is divided into plots of convenient size. Under average condition
application of FYM @ 50 t/ha and fertilizers N-60 kg, P2O5 30 kg and K2O 45 kg/ha is recommended. N is applied in
three splits once at basal and remaining two applications after first and second cutting. Stevia plants prefer low
nitrogen, but high level of phosphorus and potassium. Slow release nitrogen sources are better due to
requirement of low level of N and steady release of N from source. Sometimes Stevia shows the symptoms of

boron deficiency, which leads to leaf spot and that can be rectified by spraying Borax 6 %. Since the feeder roots
tend to be quite near the surface, addition of compost for extra nutrients is beneficial.
Insect pest pressures other than cutworm are minimal. Septoria disease can cause considerable damage to the
Stevia crop. Animals like the sweet taste of Stevia.
Key Activities:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Install the Sprinkler/Drip Irrigation System

Disk and /or harrow land twice to prepare a fairly smooth, firm-planting surface.
FYM @ 50 t/ha and fertilizers N-60 kg, P2O5 30 kg and K2O 45 kg/ha is recommended. Stevia plants prefer
low nitrogen, but high level of phosphorus and potassium
Split Nitrogen in 3, once at basal and remaining two applications after first and second cutting.
Raise bed of 15 cm in height and 60 cm in width. The distance between two rows should be 40 cm and
that between each plant 23 cm.

Planting
March to mid May gives better results. Immediate after planting, irrigation is necessary. The concentration of
stevioside in the leaves increases when the plants are grown under long day condition where vegetative period is
longer and steviol glycoside yields will be higher.
Key Activities:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Receive Plants as per schedule.

Make sure, raised beds are ready as desired.
Start plantation with the distance between each plan of 23cm minimum.
Irrigate once, just after planting.
Mulching is recommended around the plant in order to reduce the impact of drought and high
temperature.

Plant Protection & Irrigation

No serious pest and diseases have been observed. Neem oil diluted in water may be sprayed against aphids if
appear. Deer and rabbits are fond of Stevia due to sweet taste. Fencing is necessary.
It needs irrigation, as Stevia cannot stand drought. Sprinkler irrigation (micro sprinklers) is found to be
advantageous since the herb is highly sensitive to water stress and requires frequent light irrigation. During
summer irrigation at 3-5 days interval gives best results. It requires liberal watering after transplanting, before and
after harvesting of leaves. Stevia is a poor competitor to weeds during its initial growth period; weeds are the
principle reason for limited crop establishment. For this reason, weed management plays a vital role in Stevia
cultivation. Because Stevia has primarily been grown in small scale, easily managed production settings to date,
traditional hand-weeding has generally been the most efficient means used to eliminate weeds. Research has
found that high plant density combined with black plastic mulch provided effective weed control. At Palampur,
India, crop planted during June experienced sever weed competition due to rains.
Key Activities:
1.

Fence the entire land to be cultivated

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Irrigate at 3-5 days interval during summer. To avoid root rot, make sure the soil is not soggy when
watering.
Spray Neem oil diluted in water if aphids appear.
Spray Borax 6 % if Stevia shows the symptoms of boron deficiency, which leads to leaf spot.
Apply BHC (Benzene Hexa Chloride) if Termite, black and red ant incidence are noticed
Hand weeding should be every after 15 days

Harvesting
Time of harvesting depends on land type, variety and growing season. The first harvest of the crop can be had in
four months after planting and subsequent harvest once every 3 months. Generally it can be scheduled for mid to
late September when plants are 50-70 cm in height. Important aspect of harvesting is the timing of harvest. It
should be noted that at no point of time plants should be allowed to flower since after flowering the Stevioside
percentage goes down rapidly and leaves are rendered unmarketable. Short days induce flowering. Optimum yield
(biomass) and stevioside quality and quantity is best obtained just before flowering. The easiest harvesting
technique is to cut the branches off with pruning shears before stripping the leaves. The tips of the stems can be
clipped off and added to harvest yield, as they contain as much stevioside as do the leaves. On an average three
commercial harvests can be obtained per year.
It is better to cut the plants leaving about 10 cm stem portion from the ground. This will facilitate new flushes to
emerge, which can be harvested as the next crop. Average leaves recorded per hectare are around 450.
Key Activities:
1.

2.
3.
4.
5.

Check the time when Stevia to be harvested. It should be harvested just before flowering. The first
harvest of the crop can be had in four months after planting and subsequent harvest once every 3
months.
At no point of time plants should be allowed to flower since after flowering the Stevioside percentage
goes down rapidly and leaves are rendered unmarketable.
Harvesting should be done in early morning so that leaves can get the entire day to dry off.
Cut the branches off with pruning shears leaving about 10 cm stem portion from the ground before
stripping the leaves.
Irrigate just after harvesting

Drying
Immediately after harvest the herb is dried. This can be accomplished on a screen or net. The freshly harvested
plants can be hung upside down and dried in shade. It can also be dried using simple drying racks inside
transparent poly house or transparent glass roofing or by passing dry air just above room temperature. Drying of
the stem and soft green leaf material is completed immediately after harvesting utilizing a drying wagon or a kiln
or done naturally in case of large-scale production. Depending on weather conditions and density of loading, it
generally takes 24 to 48 hours to dry stevia. The drying process does not require excessive heat; more important is
good air circulation. On a moderately warm fall day, stevia can be quick dried in the full sun in about 12 hours.
(Longer drying time will lower the stevioside content of the final product). A home dehydrator can also be used,
although sun drying is the preferred method.
After adequate drying, the leaves are stripped of the stems / twigs and packed and stored in cool, dry place. For
large-scale commercial production artificial drying and threshing of the dry herbs to separate leaves may be
employed.

Key Activities:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Start drying process immediately after harvesting.

Gather several branches from a Stevia plant into a bunch.
Tie a piece of string around the stems.
Hang the Stevia upside down from the string in a dry place that allows the Stevia to get plenty of sunshine
Remove the Stevia after 24-48 hours. The leaves should be crisp and dry.
Leaves can also be dried on a screen or net
Strip off the leaves from stems for packages.

Packaging
Dry leaves are stored in plastic lined cardboard boxes, sealed, strapped and labeled for further processing. After
powdering it is to be packed and leveled properly.
Key Activities:
1. Store dried leaves in plastic lined cardboard boxes.
2. Seal, strap and label cardboard boxes for further processing.
3. Ship it to vendor

Replacement and Replanting

From the subsequent years some plants will die off due to various reasons, these gaps should immediately be filled
up. Depending on soil type and management the productivity will decline after 2-3 years and this should be
replaced with new plantation. Average depreciation for stem cutting leaves is around 20% per year, while for
tissue cultured stems, it around 2-3%. Drip/Sprinklers also get depreciated around 20% per year.
Key Activities:
1. Replace depreciated Stems
2. Replace depreciated Drip/Sprinkler system.

Production Flow Chart

Decide chose
Stem/Tissue
Cultured Stem

Get Leaves
detail
(Hieght,Steviosi
des etc.)

Soil Testing

Check
Temperature
Viability

Check Acidic
Nature and pH
content of Soil

Check Soil Type

Install
Sprinkler/drip
irrigation
system

Harrow/Disk
Land twice

Input required
FYM and
Nitrogen

Raise Beds with

desired hight

Irrigate just
after plantation

Start Plantation
with
appropriate
distance

Make Sure,
Drip/Sprinkler
System Ready

Receive Plants
as Scheduled

Irrigate at 3-5
days interval

Spray Borax,
BHC, Diluted
Neem Oil w.r.t
incidence

Hand Weeding
every after 15
days

Plant
Protection &
Irrigation
Harvesting

Irrigate after
harvesting

Cut branches
off leaving
10cm from
groung

Harvest in Early
Morning

Check
Harvesting Time
(before
flowering)

Tie a piece of
string around
stems

Hang the Stevia

upside down
from the string
in a dry place

Remove the
Stevia after 2448 hours.

Strip off the

leaves from
stems

Store dried
leaves in plastic
lined cardboard
boxes

Seal, strap and

label cardboard
boxes for
further
processing.

Ship to vendor

Replace
depreciated
Stems

Replace
depreciated
Drip/Sprinkler
system.

Drying

Fence entire
land

Packaging

Do mulching, if
required

Order for Plant

Replacement
& Replanting

Planting

Decide Stevia
Variety

Land
Preparation

Prerequisites

Complete Stevia Production Flow Chart

Create Branches
of Stevia Stems
to dry

VI. Risk Management

Risks
Market/prices

Changes in price of land

Changes in input/output prices due to shocks, trade policy, new markets, endogenous variability
Inability to deliver perishable products to the right market at the right time can impair the efforts of
producers
Output with respect to desired quality
The lack of infrastructure and well-developed markets make this a significant source of risk.

Production

External factors such as weather, pests and diseases.

Adverse events during harvesting or threshing

Financial

Changes in income from other sources (non-farm)

Changes in interest rates/value of financial assets/access to credit
Financial implication of leased land

Institutional/legal

Liability risk
Changes in local policy or regulations
Changes in regional or national policy, environmental law, agricultural payments
Changes in regulations, financial services, level of price or income support payments and subsidies

Technology risk:
Like most other entrepreneurs, farmers are responsible for all the consequences of their activities.
Adoption of new technologies in modernizing agriculture such as in introduction of genetically modified
crops causes an increase in producer liability risk.

Personal risk:
Finally, agricultural households are exposed to personal risks affecting the life and the wellbeing of people
who work on the farm, as also asset risks from floods, cyclones and droughts and possible damage or
theft of production equipment and any other farming assets.

Other risk:

Contract farming can contribute to a loss of autonomy and control over farm enterprises.
Substantial production risks are faced if the technology or the companys forecast is inappropriate.
The firms exclusive purchase rights can depress producer prices, or lead to late and partial payments.
Increased indebtedness is not uncommon.
limited literacy and education of some small farmers
Refusal to buy products at the agreed prices, or the downgrading of produce quality by the buyer
Any other violation of contract agreement

Risk Mitigation Strategy

1.

Crop Diversification
World over, crop diversification is regarded as the most common and effective risk management strategy that
is employed by farm households. By spreading risks across multiple crops, the idea is that even if a particular
crop does not do well, the loss will be compensated by gains in another crop. There are some limitations of
this strategy however. First, diversification is clearly a feasible strategy to the extent that crop risks are

independent, however, if returns are strongly correlated across crops, the risks facing farmers are similar to
covariate risks and crop diversification will not be effective in reducing producer risk. Second, crop
diversification calls for spreading resources across crops even when a particular crops offers higher average
net returns than other crops. Therefore, the price of diversification is the income foregone, on average, by not
growing remunerative crop. Third, if there are fixed costs in the cultivation of a particular crop, then there is
a minimum efficient scale and that may conflict with the requirements of crop diversification.
2.

Intercropping
Intercropping systems is another way for farmers to manage yield risks. Intercropping lowers yield risks
because of (a) lower disease and insect pest incidence and (b) greater potential for yield compensation

3.
4.
5.

Sharecropping
Diversification of income source
Production Flexibility and Information
It has been long recognized that in situations of uncertainty, it can pay to delay decisions even when such
delay is costly. The idea is that when decisions commit the producer to certain fixed costs, then they cannot be
reversed easily. In such cases, it might be better for a producer to wait to receive more information and then
depending on the information, the action is undertaken or a revised plan is set in motion.

6.

Risk Reducing Inputs

As discussed in the earlier chapter, the principal causes in yield risk in India are rainfall uncertainty and
damage from pests and insects. The two inputs that directly affect these variables are irrigation and pesticides
and related chemicals

7.

Investment Portfolio
Improvements in the abilities of farmers to smooth consumption, perhaps via increased consumption credit,
would increase the overall profitability of agricultural investments. Adoption of advanced cropping techniques

8.

Hierarchy of Response
Of the ex-post strategies available to combat risk, the household does not treat them all equally. Rather it
has been seen that options such as the sale of assets are used only when the crisis is grave and when other
options are ineffective. There is thus a hierarchy of risk management strategies and the farm household
usually begins with strategies at the bottom of the hierarchy.

9. Improved Varieties and Fertilizer, Paste Management

10. Crop Insurance
Two approaches `individual approach versus an `area approach are there for crop insurance. The former
seeks to indemnify the farmer to the full extent of the losses and the premium to be paid by him is
determined with reference to his own past yield and loss experience. The individual approach basis
necessitates reliable and accurate data of crop yields of individual farmers for a sufficiently long period, for
fixation of premium on actuarially sound basis. In an area approach, farmers are compensated for losses
according to an index of yield for a region to which they belong (e.g., village). The latter yield is called the
area yield
11. Contract Farming
12. Futures Market
For producers, the major gain from futures markets is that it provides a forecast of the future spot price.
Indeed, often the futures price is used to form the price in a forward contract between a producer and the
local grain elevator (storage agent).

VII. Appendices
A. OPEN QUESTIONS
1. Buy Back Agreement Details
2. Kind of support provided on Stevia cultivation on continuous basis?
3. Variety of Stevia for propagation?
4. Percentage of Stevioside in plants?
5. Tissue cultured plant or made from stem cuttings?
6. Crop Life Cycle of the plants provided is 4 years or 5?
7. Prevention Measures in case of extreme weather condition?
8. Ideal Size of Stem Cutting?
9. Is soil testing required?
10. Irrigation Interval in diff/each season?
11. Drip vs. Micro Sprinkler System?
12. Harvesting technique?
13. Shorter days induce flowering in Stevia? How to overcome with this?
14. What if flowering observed after 30 days?
15. Ideal Drying Process and Time required for this, especially in winter?
16. Need of thresher/separator to separate dry Stevia leaves from its stem?
17. Suggestion on Fencing Type.
18. Use of dried Stem after taking out the leaves? Also is it included in the total yield of average 2500
kg/acre?
19. Hygienic Packaging process?
20. Post Drying/Packaging Process?
21. Training Requirement for labor/support staff Standard Operating Procedures
22. Plant replacement process? Can the same plants stem cutting be reutilized?
23. Is Stevia cultivation covered under any crop/horticulture insurance?
24. Cost, Effort and Process in establishing Nursery?
25. Any Lice
B. Crop Insurance

National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS)

Type:

Central Sector Scheme

Objectives : (i) To provide insurance coverage and financial support to the farmers in the event of failure of any of
the notified crop as a result of natural calamities, pests and diseases. (ii) To encourage the farmers to adopt
progressive farming practices, high value in-puts and higher technology in agriculture. (iii) To help stabilize farm
incomes, particularly in disaster years.
Salient features: - Scheme is available to all farmers loanee and non-loanee both irrespective of the size of
their holdings. - Compulsory for loanee farmers and optional for non-loanee farmers. - Sum insured may extend to
the value of threshold yield of the area insured. - Coverage of all food crops (cereals, millets and pulses), oilseeds
and annual commercial/ horticultural crops in respect of which past yield data is available for adequate number of
years. -Among the annual commercial/horticultural crops, seven crops namely, sugarcane, potato, chillies, ginger,
onion and turmeric are presently been covered. -Premium rates are 3.5% for bajra, and oilseeds and 2.5% for other

Kharif crops, 1.5% for wheat, and 2% for other rabi crops. In case the rates worked out on the basis of actuarial
data are less than the prescribed rate, the lower rate will be applicable. - In case of annual
commercial/horticultural crops, actuarial rates are charged. - Small and marginal farmers are provided subsidy of
50% of premium charged from them. The subsidy will be phased out over a period of 5 years on sunset basis. To implement NAIS at lower unit of insurance i.e. Gram Panchayat it has been decided to adopt new technique i.e.
Small Area Crop Estimation Approach devised by IASRI in one selected district of each implementing States/UTs
from Rabi 1999-2000 season on an experimental basis. -It is proposed to set up a separate agency for
implementation of NAIS.
Pattern of Assistance : Expenses on account of indemnity claims, Corpus Fund, A & O Expenses, publicity, premium
subsidy to small and marginal farmers etc. are shared between Central and State Governments on 50 : 50 basis in
the initially.
Eligibility: Central Government is the policy making authority for the scheme. Presently, General Insurance
Corporation of India (GIC) is the Implementing Agency.
The activities relating to the implementation of NAIS are
carried out through GIC, rural financial institutions, State Governments/UT Administration and farmers.
Procedure to apply: At the beginning of each crop season, the State Govt./UT Administration in consultation with
GIC notifies the crops and defines the areas which will be covered under the scheme during the season.
The monthly crop-wise and area-wise details of crop insurance with premium are remitted to the nodal points and
nodal point on receipt of such inputs from various loan disbursing points, scrutinizes and transmits them GIC on
monthly basis as per cut-off dates fixed. The non-loanee farmer who desires to join the scheme would fill up
proposal form of NAIS and submits the same alongwith premium in the village branch of commercial bank or
Regional Rural Bank or PACS of Cooperative Bank. It is the responsibility of the branch/PACS to verify the
particulars of sum insured the maximum limit etc., while accepting the proposal. The particulars then, are
consolidated and sent to the respective nodal points for onward transmission to GIC State Level Crop Insurance
Cell before the dates specified in the notification of the Government.
Persons to be contacted : The Joint Secretary
Credit Division,
Department of Agriculture & Cooperation,
Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi.
Date of Start/Duration The scheme is being implemented from Rabi 1999-2000.
Implementation status : Presently, the scheme is being implemented in 18 States and 2 Union Territories as
indicated below: (i) Andhra Pradesh (ii) Assam (iii) Bihar (iv) Goa (v) Gujarat (vi) Himachal Pradesh (vii) Jharkhan
(viii) Karnataka (ix) Kerala (x) Maharashtra (xi) Madhya Pradesh (xii) Meghalaya (xiii) Orissa (xiv) Tamil Nadu
(xv)Uttar Pradesh (xvi) Chattisgarh (xvii) West Bengal (xviii) Sikkim (xix) A & N Islands (xx) Pondicherry.

C. Check List

As shown in the picture below A & B & C types of plants are having GOOD CROWN FORMATION and
profuse rooting.
These roots would give more than 90% percent survivability in open field conditions.
D -type of plants would not give more than 25% survivability in open field conditions.
Farmer should only buy A , B ,C type plants.
D type plants should be avoided at any cost.
Check if your plants are tissue cultured or made from stem cuttings.

Plants made from stem cuttings give very low yields and Stevioside content is lower than 6%.
Plants made from cuttings take more than one year to develop storage crown roots that are very
important for proper growth of Stevia plant.
Check the variety of Stevia and its performance in your climatic conditions.
Get Guarantee for Stevioside content

D. Cultivation Snapshot

Stage 1: Location Proper Land

Stage 2: Clearing the Land

Stage 3: Digging a Tank

Stage 4: Getting water and lining tank with plastic

Stage 5: Ploughing the Field

Stage 6: Raising the Plantation Bed

Stage 7: Setting up Sprinkler Irrigation System

Stage 8: Setting up Irrigation unit near Tank

Step 9: Planting the Sapling on the beds

Stage 10: Stevia Ready for Harvesting

E.

Irrigation System Design

Drip System

Sprinkler System

(Images Courtesy: Jain Irrigation System)

F.

SAMPLE BUY BACK AGREEMENT

AGREEMENT CONTRACT FOR CULTIVATION OF STEVIA REBAUDIANA

Party of the First part: (Farmer)

Name:
Age:
Address:
Which hereinafter shall be in this agreement addressed as First Party. (Which expression unless repugnant to the
context or meaning thereof mean and include successor, relatives, assignees)
Party of the Second Part: - Private Limited Company.
Name:
Designation:
Address:
(Which expression shall unless repugnant to the context or meaning thereof mean and include its successors,
promoters, executors, administrators and assignees)
First Party is the owner/s of
, Taluka,
District
commodity for the Second party.

Acres of Land bearing Survey No

, at village
, State. He is / They are interested to cultivate Stevia Rebaudiana

Second party is interested in Stevia Rebaudiana to be cultivated and produce dry leaves as per the Schedule
booklet. With the request of the Second party, the First party has agreed to cultivate the said commodity in his /
their holding of the aforesaid land and produce dry leaves as per the Schedule booklet (supplied by the Second
party).
We, the First party and the Second party both as undersigned agree for the cultivation of Stevia Rebaudiana on the
land having area _________Acers bearing survey number ___________ located in village ____________falling
under __________Market area. We shall abide by the rules of this agreement as mention below.

NOW THESE PRESENCES WITNESSETH AND IT IS HEREBY AGREED BY AND BETWEEN THE
PARTIES AS FOLLOWS:
1.

First Party agrees to adopt and abide by instructions / practices in respect of land preparation, fertilization,
pest management, irrigation, harvesting and any other suggestion made by the Second party from time to
time and cultivate and produce the items as per specifications mentioned in the Schedule booklet which shall
be supplied to the First party upon finalising the contract between both the parties.

2.

The First party agrees to cultivate, produce and deliver the Dried Stevia Leaves to the second party and the
Second party agrees to buy the dried Stevia Leaves from the first party.
3. The price of the saplings to be supplied by the Second party to the First party is fixed at INR 3.00 per sapling,
which is on no profit no loss basis. This Amount shall be paid at the time of booking the saplings.
4. The contractual buy-back price of the dried Stevia leaves to be bought back by the Second party from the First
party is fixed at INR 75.00 per KG for the first year. Within the first year, the Second party shall entirely
educate / update the First party with all the technical know-how for cultivation to ensure that the First party
achieves higher percentage of Stevioside. From the second year, it may be possible to enhance the price by 8
to 10%
5. It is expressly agreed between the parties hereto that this agreement is for agricultural produce, particulars of
which are described in the Schedule booklet and for a period of 5 (Five years, beginning from the date of
planting the saplings and after the expiration of the said period, this agreement will automatically come to an
end.
6. It is further agreed that it will be the responsibility of the Second party to accept the delivery of freshly
produced dried stevia leaves within 15 days period at the agreed delivery point.
7. In case any Government / Government Regulated Body regulates the sale price for the produce and if the
regulated price is higher than the price agreed in the contract, the Second party shall raise the purchase price
to the level of the regulated price. However, in case if the regulated price is lower than the price agreed in the
contract, the Second party shall pay as per the contract price.
8. In the event the Second party refuses / fails to take the delivery of the contracted produce for his own
reasons, the First party will grant further 15 days of time to the Second party to try and arrange for sale of the
produce in the open market and shall pay to the First party the amount after deducting all outstanding
advances given to the First party. If the price received is lower than the contracted price then the Second party
shall pay the said difference to the First party within 30 days from the date of claim.
9. In the event the Second party failing to arrange sale of the produce in the open market within the further
stipulated time of 15 days, the First party shall be entitled to a Non Performance compensation penalty
amounting to 15% of the agreed buy-back amount, after deducting all outstanding advances given to the First
party. This shall be paid within 30 days from the date of claim. If the First party does not allow the stipulate
time of 15 days to the Second party OR if the First party sells the produce by himself in the open market, the
Second party is exempted from paying the Non Performance compensation. In this case the First party shall
clear the outstanding advances given by the Second party from the amount received from the sale of the
produce.
10. The Second party shall make the payment to the First party, at the rate mentioned in the contract, within 7
days of receipt of the produce after deducting all the outstanding advances given to the first party by the
Second party.
11. In the event the First party refuses / fails to deliver the contracted produce for his own reasons or due to loss
of goods under circumstances mentioned in the clause 13, this contract shall cease to exist and the First party
shall immediately pay the Second party all the outstanding including the amount as per details mentioned
below:
the cost of the sapling and INR 1.00 penalty
800.00 per acre per year. 12. The Second party or its representatives agree to have regular interaction with
the First party during the period of contract. The second party or its representatives at their costs shall have
the right to enter the premises / field of the First party to monitor farming practices adopted and the quality
of the produce from time to time.
12. It is entirely the responsibility of the First party to obtain insurance cover at their own expense for the
contracted produce against the risk of losses due to acts of Gods, destruction of specified assets, loan default

13.

14.

15.
16.

17.
18.

and production and income loss and all other acts or events beyond the control of the parties, such as very
low production caused by the serious outbreak of a disease, epidemic or by abnormal weather condition,
floods, drought, hailstorm, cyclones, earthquakes, fire or other catastrophes, war acts of Government action
existing on or after the effective date of this agreement which prevent totally or partially the fulfilment of the
obligation of the First party.
The Second party hereby agrees to provide advisory services to the First party during the period of cultivation
and post harvest management as per the particulars mentioned in the Schedule booklet. This service will be
free during the entire period of five years. 15. First party shall not knowingly or unknowingly, do or allow to be
done, any sort or type of unauthorised multiplication, for the purpose of selling or cultivating of the saplings
supplied by the Second party.
The second party will have no rights whatsoever to the Title, Ownership, Possession of the land/property of
the First party and shall not in any way alienate the first party from the land property by any means or either
through mortgage, lease, sublease or transfer the land property of the First party in any way to any other
person / institution during the continuation of this agreement.
Any Modification, Dissolution, Termination, Cancellation of the Contract shall be with the consent of both the
parties.
This Contract as constructed shall be in accordance with and controlled and interpreted by the laws of the
Maharashtra State. The parties hereto consent to the jurisdiction of the state and High court sitting at Mumbai
in which the Second party has its registered office. Process may be served on either Party by mail, postage,
prepaid, certified or registered, return receipt requested or by such other methods as is authorised by the
State of Maharashtra.
In case of change of address of any party to this agreement it shall be intimated to the other party and also to
the Registering Authority within 7 days.
Each party hereto shall act in good faith diligently and honestly with the other in the performance of their
responsibilities under this agreement and nothing shall be done to jeopardize the interest of the other.

In witness whereof the parties have signed this agreement on the ____ day month and _________ year first above
mentioned.
SIGNED, SEALED AND DELIVERED by the within named OF THE FIRST PARTY in the presence of
1.__________________________________
2.__________________________________

SIGNED, SEALED AND DELIVERED by the within named OF THE SECOND PARTY in the presence of
1. __________________________________
2.___________________________________

CONFIDENTIAL

This document includes confidential and is provided for informational purposes only. You may not use this document except for informational
purposes, and you may not reproduce this document in whole or in part, or divulge any of its contents without the prior written . By accepting
this document, you agree to be bound by these restrictions and limitations.