Emacs
:

emacs, X-windows

. X ,
emacs -nw(No windows)
.


C-X CTRL
, X, CTRL, X
.
M-X META META
META


, M-X ESC
, X
.
SunMETA

.

META
ALT
.(
ALT
)
C-X M-XX
.
Emacs
C-<chr>M-<chr>
.


, Emacs



.

mini buffer

Emacs C-x C-c

C-g
Emacs, C-g.

C-g.

C-p (previous line) C-n (next line)

C-f (forward) C-b (backward)

Emacs, buffer
, C-f (forward)
, C-b (backward)
, .


C-v (view next screen)

M-v


,

,


.
Emacs




, ,


.

C-L
Emacs


point. point ==


(word) M-f M-b
C-f M-f, C-b M-b
.

C-a C-e
M-a M-e
(M-a ,
.
M-e )

M-< M->


/ C-d
DEL(Delete
)
DELRubout (Rub out)
M-DEL
(word)
M-d
(
)
C-k
(kill)

M-k

(
) (kill)

Backspace = C-h Emacshelp
(kill),

kill, delete.
emacskill
kill ring,

,
.
yank
.
Undo: C-x u
C-_ C-x uDEC
, C-/C-_

C-Shift-



, 8, C-u 8 C-f
C-u Emacs
,
(argument/repeat count)

.
C-u 2 0 C-n 20

, C-u 3 C-v
,
.




.
C-u 1 0 C-x u UNDO 10

C-L

:
C-u 0 C-l
,
.
, C-u 100 M-100
C-u M-
X windows ,
C-left C-right (word).
C-up C-down
(paragraphs/C

block)
Home = C-a
End = C-e
C-Home = M-<
C-end = M->
PgUp PgDn = M-v C-v



,
10 C-1 C-0 right-arrow
CTRL, 10
, C-u 1 0

.
Mouse

hi-light.

menu-button
ESC, M-ESC,


disable.

,


,

, no.

,

, Emacs

$,
,

.
:
Enter.

: C-d (DEL)
Yank:
(killed)
.
kill (C-k, M-k)
,

,

emacs, C-y .
Cut & Paste
. Kill delete
,
kill
yank.


,

kill
kill,
yank
.
Kill
kill ring

, ring
,
kill


. yank kill
.

, M-y
.(M-y
emacs,

,

,

).
M-y
C-y.

==

C-k ,

,
C-y .
C-y, .


killyank.

, M-w,


.
,


. Mark C-SPC C-@
.

, M-w mark point

kill ring. point
.
EmacsMarkhighlight, X.
X, M-w
.
kill & yank cut & paste.

Bash

: Emacs

finding a file.

C-x C-f mini-buffer
.

, SPC

auto-complete,



. (TAB

)
C-x C-f find-file
C-x C-s (save current file, save current buffer)
C-x s
C-x i

Emacs

,buffer.


window/

buffer.


,



, .

,



:
C-x 0


C-x 1



(One Window),
/

.
Emacs


,

.





, C-x 1 .

.
C-x o(other-window)
C-x 2
()
C-x 3()
C-x 4

.
C-x 5

X
,
frame.
C-x 5 2
X
(frame).



C-x C-b buffer (bufferemacs
).
C-x b minibuffer
buffer,


buffer.
TAB
. buffer (buffer),
*


,
, *scratch*
:
C-x 1

.
Emacs


emacs
C-<chr> M-<chr>.



,

.
Emacs

2. C-x 1 C-x C-b.



C-x

.
. M-x Emacs

.

,
.


.





.
C-x C-c
Emacs.
Emacs,


.
C-z
C-z Emacs
, .


,fg %emacsfg
Emacs
.
X, C-zemacs
icon
mode line
emacs



(buffer)
(modeline)

(minibuffer)
.

modeline

.
:
--**-XEmacs: xemacs.qs(Fundamental)----74%------
, 74%
.
(Fundamental)

.
.




,
C-mode, lisp-mode, tex-mode, text-mode
.
.
text-mode.
M-x text-mode
text-mode,


. Fundamental mode


.



, Emacs

,
M-f M-b
,
.




... (Text)----70%--
Major mode.
minor mode,

.

, M-x auto-fill-mode


(Text Fill).
auto-fill
,

70.
M-X fundamental-mode
.


, emacs minibufferauto-completion,
M-x fund SPC,

fundamental-mode,
.

,
.


find-file (C-x C-f)

.
.
, minibufferM-n M-p .

**.
*
.

*


(buffer).
emacsbufferread-only buffer,
%
%%read-only.
C-x C-q
read-only
,



.

toggle, , C-x C-q
read-only.
Search
Search


. Search

, emacs.
C-s
C-r
M-x re-search-forward
M-x re-search-backward
M-x search-forward
M-x search-backward

search. C-s, C-rincreamental search,

, emacs. forward, backward.


? C-g
, . Enter


--
minibuffer
:Mark saved where search started

? isearch
mark, point
(cursor) .
?
C-x C-x .(exchange-point-and-mark)
C-u C-SPC
mark.
(C-SPC
mark,
argument,
)
(


C-u

.

repeat count,
on/off, true/false, set/clear)
M-x re-search-forward
regular expression
.
M-x search-forward
increamental.
, grep:
M-x occure
search
replace.
M-x replace SPC, .

Emacs
:
Emacs
$HOME/.emacs


, emacslisp

, .emacs
lisp

. emacslisp
elisp, lisp.
info page, emacs-lisp-intro,
emacs lisp.

, programming,


.
texinfo, . (,
)
.emacs
,
emacs,

?
1. vi .emacs :>
2. emacs -q
emacs
Major Modes

emacs major mode
fundamental-mode
text-mode
lisp-mode

/,
lisp code.
c-mode/cc-mode c-mode
c-mode, cc-mode


c-mode.
/
.
emacscompile, compiler error


.

debug. (dbx/gdb)
compile
Makefile
.
tex-modeTex/Latex

.


.
<programming-language>-mode
lisp/cc-mode. interpreter
,
emacs
/debug.
<programming-language>-mode
tags, .
html-mode, texinfo-mode, sgml-mode:
html, texi, sgml.
w3-mode WWW browser. x-win
,...
Tags
Tags

? .
emacs
,
vi . emacs

.


,
,
, tin
,
~/tin-1.3beta .
.
, emacs cd

:
M-x cd
, tag table.
tag table

,

(variable/function call)

.

, emacs



.

, TAGS ()
M-! etags *.[ch]
M-!
external shell command. etagsemacs.

source code.

vi
ctags
, tags ().

emacs, .
,
? C main()
,
main().

M-. emacs
tag table
.


cd

, enter.
main,
emacs
main(){ ... }.

,


, M-. ENTER .
emacs
(
, emacs
),
C-u M-. .




, M-SPC ,

.
.
Emacspackage:
M-x dired(C-x d)
/


,

M-x
M-x
M-x
M-x
M-x
M-x
M-x

man man page

shell
command prompt,
vi,elm, tin...
gnus

/

rmail

vmview mail
mh-rmail
(package mh-e)
mh-smail (package mh-e)

emacs
news/bbs. !



.


mail folder

, quota,

elmmutt.
mailling listprocmail.
.
mh-e
mh
, .
vm gnus.

rcs/sccs, emacs

version control
(minor mode.), c-x c-q
check-in/check-out.


:
Emacslisp


,
self-documenting
.




.


,
backspace, C-h (backspace
ascii
) emacshelp,
.
:
C-h F
C-h t
C-h n
C-h i

C-h k

Emacs FAQ
Emacs Tutorial
Emacs NEWS file,

Info system. Infognuman page
,
WWW.





. ,
x-win
. ,
m (menuitem), SPC next page
l (last node: node
) u (up node)
d (directory, ). BS (Backspace, back a page).
SPC, man
.
describe key,



lisp function.

 C-h f

C-h v
C-h a

C-h b
C-h m
C-c C-h

describe function.
function
.

SPC, emacs
lisp ,
.
describe variable function.
apropos(approximate).
lisp function
, emacs.
keybinding
mode help. mode
.
C-c

key-binding.

Emacs


, Ctrl-


,
C-c.
mode

.
conventionC-c <chr>
user, C-c C-<chr>

package.

help, emacs/elisp


.
Elisp
:
Emacs., Elisp ,
Elisp
.

,
. Elisp



,
lisp,

, .

lisp

, :
, , .
Basic data type
(string) "Hello, World"
(char)?a ;



atom & list:
(1 2 3 4)list, 4 atom
.
pair:
.
(apple . 2)
alist (associated list)
pair,perl/tclassociative array.



, (key, value) pair.
'((Apple . 1)
(Orange. 2)
(PineApple . 3))
vector (?)
emacs 19vector
(key strok sequence)
[f1] [f2] [f1 a]
nillist, false
ttrue
Forms






.
Form
,


.
Form Elisp .
lisp



list

(evaluate),
special form,
.

(defun FUNC (ARG-LIST)
BODY ...)
special form,
, FUNC

, symbol, ...
(quote (LIST))

special form, lisp (LIST)symbol,

 evaluate.
quote ,
:
'(LIST) (quote (LIST))
'Asymbol Atom, Asymbol
set
/

.
(set 'hello 1)
; hello = 1
;
'hello, lispevaluate hello
.

,
.
(setq hello 1)
setq set quote
.
special form,


.

Evaluation
Emacs, C-x C-e
(evaluate,
)

.


minibuffer.
lisp-interaction-mode C-j evaluate,
append buffer.
lisp list .
expression.

expression

.
expression,
.
(
C int delete_char()
,
int,

char)

:
(defun NAME (ARGS-LIST)
""; optional
(interactive) ; optional
BODY)

NAME. BODY expression.

C-h f
.
(interactive)
user/buffer.
(interactive "B")

userbuffer,


. (, user
key-binding
M-x
)
(interactive "BAppend to buffer: \nr")

user buffer name
, Append to buffer:
function,B, buffer
r, region
\n
.
(interactive "p") C-u
prefix

.



==4. C-u C-f
lisp :
(list 1 2 3 4)
'(1 2 3 4)
(car '(1 2 3 4) 1
(cdr '(1 2 3 4) '(2 3 4)
(cons 1 '(2 3 4)) '(1 2 3 4)
(cons 1 2)(1 . 2)
(cons 0 (cons 1(cons 2 nil)))
'(0 1 2)
{list pair ,

:
pair: {Object *first, Object *second};
*(pair[i].first) == i;
pair[i].second == pair[i+1]; }

(cons '(1 2) '(3 4))'((1 2) 3 4)

(setq a 1)
(1+ a); a+1
(+ 2 a) ; a+2
(* 1 2 3 4)
(current-buffer);
buffer

(switch-to-buffer (other-buffer))
(set-buffer)
(buffer-size)
(setq current-pos (point))
(point-min)
(point-max)
(message "Hello") ; minibuffer
Hello
(if (test)
(then-part)
(else-part))
(cond ((test1) BODY1)
((test2) BODY2)
(tOTHER-WISE)
(let ((var1 value); local variable
var2 ; no value
(var3 value)
...)
BODY ...)
(lambda (ARG-LIST) ...) defun, (anonymous).

:
(setq hello (lambda () (message "Hello,World")))
(funcall hello)
(goto-char (point-max))
(defvar VAR VALUE "*") VAR
.
C-h v . */




.
M-x edit-options

(emacs
,

edit-options

,
.emacs.
(directory-files "./" t "\\..*")
return a list of files under directory X
(load "xxxx.el")#include <stdio.h>
(setq load-path (cons "~/emacs" load-path)) ; loadsearch path.
(autoload ...) loadevaluate ,

load.
(local-unset-key [(control c)])
(local-set-key [(control c) a] 'forward-sexp)
sexp expession, nexpression.
(expression

, C, lisp
tex, html, fortran )