EC 2

Ultimate strain 0.0035 (will reduce for 60 N/mm 2 and above concrete strength
All design based on characteristic cylinder strength fck
C35/45 will refer as, C35 characteristic cylinder strength and C45 as
characteristic cube strength
Static Modulus Ecm , Dynamic modulus of elasticity Ed
Ecm = (1.25Ed 19) kN/m2
Steel specified characteristic strength, fyk = 500 N/mm2
Applied force = actions
Characteristic action = mean action = 1.64 standard deviations
Partial Factor of Safety for Material =

characteristic strength(f k )
parftial factor of safety ( m )

Design value of action = characteristic action x partial factor ( f)

Permanent action (Gk), Variable action (Qk)
Favourable reduces the bending moment
Unfavourable increase in bending moment