 Strong Military heritage underlies the study of strategic management.

 Terms “Objectives” , “Mission”, “Strengths” & “Weaknesses” were first

formulated to address problem on battle field.

 Webster’s new dictionary Strategy is

“the science of planning & directing large-scale military operations, of
maneuvering forces into the most advantageous position prior to actual
engagement with the enemy”

 Strategy comes from Greek STRATEGOS, which refers to a military

general and combines STRATOS (the army) and AGO (to lead).

 Military & business strategy’s key aim is “TO GAIN COMPETITIVE

ADVANTAGE”

 Both use their strengths to exploit competitors’ weakness.

 Business & military success is not the result of accidental strategy.

 Rather, success is the product of:
 Continuous attention to changing of external & internal conditions
 Formulation & implementation of insightful adaptations to those
changes

 Fundamental Difference between the strategy of both is:

 Business Strategy is based on an assumption of COMPETITION
 Military strategy is based on an assumption of CON FLICT

 Superior strategy formulation & implementation can overcome an

opponent’s superiority in numbers & resources.

 Both business & military must adapt to change and constantly

improve to be successful.
 War is vital important state, matter of lie & death. Survival or ruin.

 Based on deception, when near to enemy, make it seem like far

away, & when far away make it seem like near.

 Strike when disorder, avoid when stronger, if troops are well

prepared, wear them down, attack when he’s unprepared.

 Speedy victory is the main object, if it prolongs morale depresses.

 Best is to intact a state. To capture enemy’s entire army is better

than to destroy it. Subdue enemy without fighting is excellence.
 Art of using troops:

 10 to enemy’s one > Surround him

 5 times strength > Attack him
 If double his strength > Divide him
 If equally match > Engage him with a good plan
 If weaker < Be capable of withdrawing
 If all aspect unequal - Elude him
 Know your enemy, know your self = will never be defeated
Know yourself, ignorant of enemy = chances are equal to win & lose
Know neither side = You are sure to be defeated
 One who occupies field first will be at ease, better to occupy field first & wait
for opponent to come.
 Analyze enemy’s plan to know his shortcomings & strong points.
 Army should be likened water, avoids heights & hastens to the lowlands, avoid
strengths & strike weaknesses.
 If you decided to go in battle, don’t announce. Project “business as usual”
 Unskilled leaders solve conflicts in courtrooms, brilliant strategists achieve
through tactics in advance to any confrontation.
 Before challenging any company, do much computing, analyzes & estimation.
Little computing brings defeats.
 Skillful leaders don’t amend strategy if face creative counter-movement.
 When got an advantage over enemy, don’t press on. Give option to surrender
to opponents.
 Create the appearance of confusion, fear so that opponent helplessly drawn
toward this illusion of advantage.