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3. Yahoo David Filo & Jerry Yang
4. Twitter Jack Dorsey & Dick
Costolo
5. Internet Tim Berners Lee
6. Linkdin Reid Hoffman, Allen
Blue&
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7. Email Shiva Ayyadurai
8. Gtalk Richard Wah kan
9. Whats up Laurel Kirtz
10. Hotmail Sabeer Bhatia
11. Orkut Buyukkokten

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Hurley &
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14. Rediffmail Ajit Balakrishnan
15. Nimbuzz Martin Smink &
Evert Jaap
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16. Myspace Chris Dewolfe &
Tom
Anderson
17. Ibibo Ashish Kashyap
18. OLX Alec Oxenford & Fabrice
Grinda
19. Skype Niklas
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20. Opera Jon Stephenson von
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Cups and Trophies

American Cup : Yacht Racing
Ashes : Cricket
Benson and Hedges : Cricket
Canada Cup : Golf
Colombo Cup : Football
Corbitton Cup : Table Tennis (Women)
Davis Cup : Lawn Tennis
Derby : Horse Race

 Grand National : Horse Streple Chase Race

Jules Rimet Trophy : World Soccer Cup
Kings Cup : Air Races
Merdeka Cup : Football
Rydet Cup : Golf
Swaythling Cup : Table Tennis (Men)
Thomas Cup : Badminton
U. Thant Cup : Tennis
Uber Cup : Badminton (Women)
Walker Cup : Golf
Westchester Cup : Polo
Wightman Cup : Lawn Tennis
World Cup : Cricket
World Cup : Hockey
Reliance Cup : Cricket
Rothmans Trophy : Cricket
Williams Cup : Basketball
European Champions Cup : Football
Eisenhower Cup : Golf
Essande Champions Cup : Hockey
Rene Frank Trophy : Hockey
Grand Prix : Table Tennis
Edgbaston Cup : Lawn Tennis
Grand Prix : Lawn Tennis
World Cup : Weight-lifting

 Agarwal Cup : Badminton

Agha Khan Cup : Hockey
Bandodkar Trophy : Football
Bangalore Blues Challenge Cup : Basketball
Barna-Bellack Cup : Table Tennis
Beighton Cup : Hockey
Bombay Gold Cup : Hockey
Burdwan Trophy : Weight-lifting
Charminar Trophy : Athletics
Chadha Cup : Badminton
C. K. Naydu Trophy : Cricket
Chakoia Gold Trophy : Football
Divan Cup : Badminton
Deodhar Trophy : Cricket
Duleep Trophy : Cricket
D. C. M. Cup : Football
Durand Cup : Football
Dhyan Chand Trophy : Hockey
Dr. B. C. Roy Trophy : Football (Junior)
Ezra Cup : Polo
F. A. Cup : Football
G. D. Birla Trophy : Cricket
Ghulam Ahmed Trophy : Cricket
Gurmeet Trophy : Hockey
Gura Nanak Cup : Hockey

 Gyanuati Devi Trophy : Hockey

Holkar Trophy : Bridge
lrani Trophy : Cricket
I. F. A. Shield : Football
lndira Gold Cup : Hockey
Jawaharlal Challenge : Air Racing
Jaswant Singh Trophy : Best Services Sportsman
Kuppuswamy Naidu Trophy : Hockey
Lady Rattan Tata Trophy : Hockey
MCC Trophy : Hockey
Moinuddaula Gold Cup : Cricket
Murugappa Gold Cup : Hockey
Modi Gold Cup : Hockey
Narang Cup : Badminton
...
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Indian States and It's Capital
**************************************************************
1. Arunachal Pradesh - Itanagar
2. Bihar - Patna
3. Andaman and Nicobar Islands - Port Blair
4. Chandigarh - Chandigarh
5. Andhra Pradesh - Vijayawada
6. Chhattisgarh - Raipur
7. Dadra and Nagar Haveli - Silvassa

8. National Capital Territory of Delhi - Delhi

9. Haryana - Chandigarh
10. Gujarat - Gandhinagar
11. Himachal Pradesh - Shimla
12. Goa - Panaji
13. Jharkhand - Ranchi
14. Jammu and Kashmir - Srinagar and Jammu
15. Karnataka - Bengaluru
16. Kerala - Thiruvananthapuram
17. Madhya Pradesh - Bhopal
18. Maharashtra - Mumbai
19. Manipur - Imphal
20. Nagaland - Kohima
21. Punjab - Chandigarh
22. Orissa - Bhubaneswar
23. Pondicherry - Pondicherry
24. Rajasthan - Jaipur
25. Tamil Nadu - Chennai
26. Sikkim - Gangtok
27. Mizoram - Aizawl
28. Meghalaya - Shillong
29. Assam - Dispur
30. West Bengal - Kolkata
31. Telangana - Hyderabad
32. Tripura - Agartala

33. Uttar Pradesh - Lucknow

34. Uttarakhand - Dehradun
35. Lakshadweep - Kavaratti
36. Daman and Diu Daman

1. 15 , 1947 27 , 1964 |
2. ( ) 27 , 1964 9 , 1964 |
3.

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6. 24 , 1977 28 , 1979 |
7. 28 1979 14 , 1980 |
8. 14 1980 31 , 1984 |
9. 31 , 1984 |
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11. 10 , 1990 21 , 1991 |
12. . . 21 , 1991 15 , 1996 |
13. 16 , 1996 1 1996 |
14. . . 1 , 1996 12 , 1997 |
15. . 12 , 1997 19 , 1997 |
16. 19 , 1998 17 , 1999 ,

() 17 , 1999 13 , 1999 |
17. 13 , 1999 22 2004 |
18. . 22 2004 22 2014 |
19. 22 2014 |
COMPUTER QUIZ
1. A technique used by codes to convert an analog signal into a digital bit stream is
known as
A. Pulse code modulation
B. Pulse stretcher
C. Query processing
D. Queue management
E. None of the above
Answer: Option A
2. An optical input device that interprets pencil marks on paper media is
A. O.M.R
B. Punch card reader
C. Optical scanners
D. Magnetic tape
E. None of the above
Answer: Option A
3. Most important advantage of an IC is its

A. Easy replacement in case of circuit failure

B. Extremely high reliability
C. Reduced cost
D. Low power consumption
E. None of the above
Answer: Option B
4. Data division is the third division of a _____ program.
A. COBOL
B. BASIC
C. PASCAL
D. FORTH
E. None of the above
Answer: Option A
5. Which language was devised by Dr. Seymour Aubrey Papert?
A. APL
B. COBOL
C. LOGO
D. FORTRAN
E. None of the above
Answer: Option C

6. A program that converts computer data into some code system other than the
normal one is known as
A. Encoder
B. Simulation
C. Emulator
D. Coding
E. None of the above
Answer: Option A
7. A device designed to read information encoded into a small plastic card is
A. Magnetic tape
B. Badge reader
C. Tape puncher
D. Card puncher
E. None of the above
Answer: Option B
8. A hybrid computer uses a _____ to convert digital signals from a computer into
analog signals.
A. Modulator
B. Demodulator
C. Modem
D. Decoder

E. None of the above

Answer: Option C
9. A group of magnetic tapes, videos or terminals usually under the control of one
master is
A. Cylinder
B. Cluster
C. Surface
D. Track
E. None of the above
Answer: Option B
10. Any device that performs signal conversion is
A. Modulator
B. Modem
C. Keyboard
D. Plotter
E. None of the above
Answer: Option A
Dear Aspirants,
Books and Authors is the most important thing in all kind of competitive exams (mainly
Bank exams). Here is the complete list of Month wise Books and Authors from
January 2014 to January 2015. We Hope it will definitely help you for your upcoming
Exams.

January 2015
Neither a Hawk nor a Dove -- Khurshid Mahmood Kasuri
Farishta -- Kapil Isapuri
The Red Sari -- Javier Moro
Madhorubhagan -- Perumal Murugan
The Indian Parliament A Critical Appraisal -- Sudha Pai and Avinash Kumar
December 2014
An Odyssey in Tibet a Pilgrimage to Kailash Mansarovar -- Shri Tarun Vijay (MP)
Why I Assassinated Gandhi -- Nathuram Vinayak Godse and Gopal Vinayak Godse
Born Again on the Mountain: A Story of Losing Everything and
Finding I -- Arunima Sinha
The Dramatic Decade: The Indira Gandhi Years -- Pranab Mukherjee
Dramatic Decade: The Indira Gandhi Years -- Pranab Mukherjee (Panned)
November 2014
Prince of Gujarat: The Extraordinary Story of Prince Gopaldas
Desai -- Rajmohan Gandhi
Black Tornado: The Three Sieges of Mumbai 26/11 -- Sandeep Unnithan
2014 : The Election That Changed India -- Rajdeep Sardesai
My name is Abu Salem -- S Hussain Zaidi
Your Dreams Are Mine Now -- Ravinder Singh
When God is a Traveller -- Arundhathi Subramaniam

Playing it my way -- Sachin Tendulkar

October 2014
Next ChinaIndia War Worlds First Water War 2029 -- Sundararajan
Padmanabhan
Letters for a Nation -- Jawaharlal Nehru (Author), Madhav Khosla (Ed.) (Author)
Nehru Gazing at Tomorrow -- H R Bharadwaj
Worthy Fights : A memoir of leadership in war and peace -- Leon E Panetta
Iqbal: The Life of a Poet, Philosopher and Politician -- Zafar Anjum
Not Just an Accountant -- Vinod Rai
Half Girlfriend -- Chetan Bhagat
Dark Star: The Loneliness of Being Rajesh Khanna -- Gautam Chintamani
Final Test: Exit Sachin Tendulkar -- Dilip DSouza
Untold Story of the Indian Public Sector -- Dr U D Choubey
Worthy Fights: A Memoir of Leadership in War and Peace -- Leon Panetta and Jim
Newton
Syntheism: Creating God in The Internet Age -- Alexander Bard
Nehru and Bose: Parallel Lives -- Rudrangshu Mukherjee
September 2014
50 years of man in space -- Brian May and David J Eicher
Grandmaster Repertoire -1e4 vs The French, Caro-Bar and
Philidor -- Parimarjan Negi

Wolf in White Van -- John Darnielle

The Children Act -- Ian McEwan
A man and the Motorcycle -- Bette Dam
And then one day -- Nasiruddin Shah
Iqbal ka harfe sheerin -- Abdul Haq
Odyssey of My Life -- Shivraj Patil
August 2014
The Truth Always Prevails: A Memoir -- Sadruddin Hashwani
The Gods of Antarctica -- Yashwardhan Shukla
Assasination of Rajeev Gandhi : an Inside Job -- Faraz Ahmad
Strictly Personal : Manmohan and Gursharan -- Daman Singh
Passion Flower : Seven Stories of Derangement -- Cyrus Mistry
Gujarats Success Story in Water Management -- Sriram Vedire
Munger through the Ages -- Devendra Prasad Yadav
July 2014
Modi : Incredible Emergence of a Star --Tarun Vijay
One Life is Not Enough -- Natwar Singh
Vijay Mallya -- K. Giri Prakash
Coffee-Table -- K. Giri Prakash
June 2014
Blood Feud : Obama Vs Clinton -- Edward Klein

The Silkworm -- Robert Galbraith (written by J. K. Rowling)

Green Poems -- Gulzar
Indigo Rebellion -- Ananda Bhattacharya
The Substance and the Shadow -- Dilip Kumar
Lesson in Leadership -- Lal Bahdur Shastri
Hard Choices -- Hillary Rodham Clinton
May 2014
A Stamp is Born -- C R Pakrashi
How Neighbours Converge: The Politics and Economics of
Regionalism -- I P Khosla
India Junction : A Window to the Nation -- Arunendra Kumar
Post Haste: Quintessential India -- B G Verghese
Subalternity Exclusion and Social Change in India -- Ashok K.
Panday & Ajit K. Pandey
The Americans : A Novel -- Chitra Viraraghavan
Redesigning the Aeroplane while Flying : Reforming Institution -Arun Maira
The Marwaris: From Jagat Seth to the Birlas -- Thomas A.
Timberg
Lives of Others -- Neel Mukherjee
April 2014

Prem nam hai Mera -- Rakita Nanda

Anticipating India:The Best of National Interest -- Shekhar Gupta
An undocumented Wonder- the Making of the Great Indian
Election -- Dr S Y Quraishi
Chronicle of a Corpse Bearer -- Cyrus Mistry
To Dad with Love -- Sunaina Roshan
Arctic Summer -- Damon Galgut
Prem Tirth -- Narendra Modi
The Past as Present : Forging Contemporary Identities Through
History -- Romila Thapar
Crusader or Conspirator? Coalgate and other Truths -- P C
Parakh
Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw : The Man and His Times -- Behram M Panthaki &
Zenobia Panthaki
The Accidental Prime Minister : The Making and Unmaking of Manmohan Singh -Sanjay Baru
March 2014
Ambedkar: Awakening Indias Social Conscience -- Dr. Narendra Jadhav
The Himalayan Face-Off -- Shishir Gupta
India at Risk -- Jaswant Singh
Rationalised Roman for Kashmiri -- Dr. R L Bhat

Sunrise in Slums -- Dr. Ravindra Nath Shrivastava Rajhans

The Sahara Testaments -- Tade Ipadeola
The Political Economy of Energy and Growth -- Najeeb Jung
Why India Votes -- Mukulika Bannerjee
Enoch : I am a British Indian -- Surendra Johua
Lal Bahadur Shastri: Lessons in Leadership -- Pavan Choudary
February 2014
Single Man : The Life and Times of Nitish Kumar of Bihar -Sankarshan Thakur
Akbar the Aesthete -- Indu Anand
The Last Word -- Hanif Kureishi
Narendra Modi: A Political Biography -- Andy Marino
Public issues before parliament -- Vijay Darda
Reflections on Contemporary India -- Shekhar Dutt
ModiNomics: Inclusive Economics, Inclusive Governance -Sameer Kochhar
Water, Peace and War Confronting the Global Water Crisis -Brahma Chellaney
January 2014
Indias Political and Foreign Relation with the Gulf Region -- A K Pasha
Resurgent India: Glimpses of Rajiv Gandhis Vision of India -- P D T Acharya

Duties : Memories of a Secretary at War -- Robert Gates

Warrior State -- T V Paul
International Days
JANUARY
27 January
International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust
FEBRUARY
4 February
World Cancer Day
6 February
International Day of Zero Tolerance to Female Genital Mutilation
13 February
World Radio Day
20 February
World Day of Social Justice
21 February
International Mother Language Day
MARCH
1 March
Zero Discrimination Day
3 March

World Wildlife Day

8 March
International Women's Day
20 March
International Day of Happiness
21 March
International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
21 March
World Poetry Day
21 March
International Day of Nowruz
21 March
World Down Syndrome Day
21 March
International Day of Forests
22 March
World Water Day
23 March
World Meteorological Day
24 March
World Tuberculosis Day

24 March
International Day for the Right to the Truth concerning Gross Human Rights Violations
and for the Dignity of Victims
25 March
International Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Slavery and the Transatlantic
Slave Trade
25 March
International Day of Solidarity with Detained and Missing Staff Members
APRIL
2 April
World Autism Awareness Day
4 April
International Day for Mine Awareness and Assistance in Mine Action
6 April
International Day of Sport for Development and Peace
7 April
Day of Remembrance of the Victims of the Rwanda Genocide
7 April
World Health Day
12 April
International Day of Human Space Flight

22 April
International Mother Earth Day
23 April
World Book and Copyright Day
23 April
English Language Day
25 April
World Malaria Day [WHO]
26 April
World Intellectual Property Day [WIPO]
28 April
World Day for Safety and Health at Work
29 April
Day of Remembrance for all Victims of Chemical Warfare
30 April
International Jazz Day
MAY
3 May
World Press Freedom Day
8-9 May

Time of Remembrance and Reconciliation for Those Who Lost Their Lives During the
Second World War
10-11 May
World Migratory Bird Day
15 May
International Day of Families
17 May
World Telecommunication and Information Society Day
21 May
World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development
22 May
International Day for Biological Diversity
23 May
International Day to End Obstetric Fistula
29 May
International Day of UN Peacekeepers
31 May
World No-Tobacco Day
JUNE
1 June
Global Day of Parents

1 June
"Vesak", the Day of the Full Moon
4 June
International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression
5 June
World Environment Day
6 June
Russian Language Day at the UN (in Russian)
8 June
World Oceans Day
12 June
World Day Against Child Labour
14 June
World Blood Donor Day
15 June
World Elder Abuse Awareness Day
17 June
World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought
20 June
World Refugee Day
21 June

International Day of Yoga

23 June
United Nations Public Service Day
23 June
International Widows' Day
25 June
Day of the Seafarer
26 June
International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking
26 June
United Nations International Day in Support of Victims of Torture
26 June
International Albinism Awareness Day
JULY
4 July (first Saturday in July)
International Day of Cooperatives
11 July
World Population Day
15 July
World Youth Skills Day
18 July

Nelson Mandela International Day

28 July
World Hepatitis Day
30 July
International Day of Friendship
30 July
World Day against Trafficking in Persons
AUGUST
9 August
International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples
12 August
International Youth Day
19 August
World Humanitarian Day
23 August
International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and Its Abolition
29 August
International Day against Nuclear Tests
30 August
International Day of the Victims of Enforced Disappearances
SEPTEMBER

5 September
International Day of Charity
8 September
International Literacy Day
12 September
United Nations Day for South-South Cooperation
15 September
International Day of Democracy
16 September
International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer
21 September
International Day of Peace
25 September (last week of September)
World Maritime Day
26 September
International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons
27 September
World Tourism Day
OCTOBER
1 October
International Day of Older Persons

2 October
International Day of Non-Violence
5 October
World Teachers Day
5 October (first Monday in October)
World Habitat Day
9 October
World Post Day
11 October
International Day of the Girl Child
13 October
International Day for Disaster Reduction
15 October
International Day of Rural Women
16 October
World Food Day
17 October
International Day for the Eradication of Poverty
24 October
United Nations Day
24 October

World Development Information Day

27 October
World Day for Audiovisual Heritage
31 October
World Cities Day
NOVEMBER
2 November
International Day to End Impunity for Crimes against Journalists
6 November
International Day for Preventing the Exploitation of the Environment in War and Armed
Conflict
10 November
World Science Day for Peace and Development
14 November
World Diabetes Day
15 November (third Sunday in November)
World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims
16 November
International Day for Tolerance
19 November
World Toilet Day

19 November (third Thursday in November)

World Philosophy Day
20 November
Africa Industrialization Day (A/RES/44/237)
20 November
Universal Childrens Day
21 November
World Television Day (A/RES/51/205)
25 November
International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women
29 November
International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People
DECEMBER
1 December
World AIDS Day
2 December
International Day for the Abolition of Slavery
3 December
International Day of Persons with Disabilities
5 December
International Volunteer Day for Economic and Social Development

5 December
World Soil Day
7 December
International Civil Aviation Day
9 December
International Anti-Corruption Day
10 December
Human Rights Day
11 December
International Mountain Day
18 December
International Migrants Day
20 December
International Human Solidarity Day


*

*

*

. .
*

*

*

*

------------------------------------[ ] [ ] {Updated }}

[1] --

[2] --
[3] -
[4]
[5]

[6] .
[7]
[8] --
[9] --
[10] - -

[11] -
[12] -
[13]
[14] -.
[15] arvindkejrival
[16] Lakshmikant parsekar.
[17] - - .
[18] - -
[19] -
[20] -
[21] O. Panneerselvam
[22]

- - -

[23]
[24] -
[25] ,
[26]
[27]
[28]
[29] --
[30]
[31]

>>
===========
1.

:
1. Where is Railway Staff College
situated ?
Ans: Baroda

2.

: 1.676...

2. What is the width of Broad gauge

rail ?
Ans: 1.676

3.
:

( )

3. Which is the First Electric Train in

India ?
Ans: Deccan Queen (Kalyan Pune)

4. ( )
?
: 1991
4. When did Life Line Express (Jeevan
Rekha) Started ?
Ans: In 1991

5.

: 1995
5. Which year is declared as Year of

Rail Users by the Indian Railways ?

Ans: 1995

6. ?
: (
)
6. Which is the Longest Railway
Tunnel ?
Ans: Pir Panjal Railway Tunnel
(Banihal railway tunnel)

7.
?
: (
)
7. Which is the Longest Railway
platform in the World ?
Ans: Gorakhpur station platform (UP)

8.
?

 :
8. Which is the train running
between India and Bangladesh ?
Answer: Maitree Express

9. ?
: (
)
9. Which are the states have no
Railway ?
Ans: Meghalaya and Sikkim (building
new railway lines)

10
( ) ?
:

10. Which is the Worlds oldest

working steam locomotive engine
(train) ?
Ans: Fairy Queen runs in India

11.

: 0.762
11. What is the width of Narrow
gauge rail ?
Ans: 0.762

12. ?
: Bilapur
12. Where is the Headquarters of
Konkan railway ?
Ans: Bilapur

13. ?
:
13. Which is the fastest train in
India ?
Ans: Shatabdi Express

14.
?
: 1905

14. In which year Indian Railway

board established ?
Ans: 1905

15.

: (
)
15. Which is the first Railway station
in India ?
Ans: Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus
(Victoria terminal)

16.
?
:
16. Who is the first Indian to present
Railway Budget ?
Ans: John Mathai

17. ?
: Matthai

17. Who is the first railway minister

in India ?
Ans: John Matthai

18. ?
: Benergy
18. Who is the first lady Railway
minister of India ?
Ans: Mamta Benergy

19.

?
:

19. Which is the highest railway

station in India ?
Ans: Ghum railway station

20.
?
: Vallarpadam

()

20. Which is the longest Railway

bridge in India ?
Ans: Vallarpadam Bridge (kerala)

21.
:

21. What is the slogan of Indian

Railway ?
Ans: lifeline of the nation

22. ?
: ( )
22. Where is the Museum of Indian
Railway situated?
Ans: Chanakyapuri (New Delhi)
COMPUTER QUIZ

[1] Linux is a_____

(1) Utility program for peer-to-peer file sharing
(2) Real-time operating system
(3) Network operating system
(4) PDA platform

(5) None of these

Ans - 2

[2] The_________ runs the front-end applications software in a network.

(1) Client
(2) Database
(3) Server
(4) CPU
(5) None of these
Ans - 1

[3] What is RISC?

(1) Storage Device
(2) Computer Network
(3) Microprocessor
(4) Operating System
(5) None of these
Ans - 3

[4] Device on one network can communicate with devices on another network
via_______

(1) File Server

(2) Utility Server
(3) Printer Server
(4) Gateway
(5) None of these
Ans - 4

[5] A device that is used to transmit data from one location to another is known as
________
(1) Storage
(2) Memory
(3) Carrier
(4) All of the above
(5) None of these
Ans - 3

[6] What menu is selected to cut, copy and paste?

(1) File
(2) Tools
(3) Special
(4) Edit

(5) None of these

Ans - 4

[7] DSL is an example of a(n) ____________ connection.

(1) network
(2) wireless
(3) slow
(4) broadband
(5) none of these
Ans - 4

[8] Start or restart the computer known as _____________

(1) exit
(2) kick
(3) boot
(4) kick-start
(5) None of these
Ans - 3

[9] The first graphical web browser are?

(1) Gopher

(2) WAIS
(3) CERN
(4) Mosaic
(5)None of these
Ans - 4

[10] EDVAC stands for_______

(1) Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer
(2) Electronic Discrete Value Automatic Computer
(3) Electronic Device Variable Automatic Computer
(4) Electronic Discrete Variable Advanced Computer
(5) None of these
Ans 1
BUDGET IN PARLIAMENT

With the emergence of Welfare State, Governments have come to look after virtually
every sphere of human life. They have to perform manifold functions from maintaining
law and order, protecting their territories to implementation of plans for economic and
social betterment. Besides, they provide a variety of social services like education,
health, employment and housing to the people. Needless to say, Government require
adequate resources to discharge these functions effectively. Where is this money to
come from and who is to sanction the funds? The necessary funds are mobilised from
the countrys resources by way of taxes both direct and indirect, loans both long-term

and short-term, to meet the Governmental expenditure. In India, the principal sources
of revenue are customs and excise duties and Income-tax on individuals and
companies.

Need for Budget

It is not as if the Government can tax, borrow and spend money the way it likes.
Since there is a limit to the resources, the need for proper budgeting arises to allocate
scarce resources to various Governmental activities. Every item of expenditure has to
be well thought out and total outlay worked out for a specific period. Prudent spending
is essential for the stability of a Government and proper earnings are a pre-requisite to
wise spending. Hence, planned expenditure and accurate foresight of earnings are
sine-qua-non of sound Governmental finance.

Parliamentary Control over Finance

Ours is a Parliamentary system of Government based on Westminster model. The

Constitution has, therefore, vested the power over the purse in the hands of chosen
representatives of the people thus sanctifying the principle no taxation without
representation. Preparation of Budget for the approval of the Legislature is a
Constitutional obligation of the Government both at the Centre and the State levels.
Legislative prerogative over taxation, legislative control over expenditure and executive
initiative in financial matters are some of the fundamental principles of the system of
Parliamentary financial control.

There are specific provisions in the Constitution of India incorporating these tenets. For
example, article 265 provides that no tax shall be levied or collected except by
authority of law; no expenditure can be incurred except with the authorisation of the
Legislature (article 266); and President shall, in respect of every financial year, cause
to be laid before Parliament, Annual Financial Statement (article 112). These provisions
of our Constitution make the Government accountable to Parliament.

The Budget

The Annual Financial Statement, laid before both the Houses of Parliament constitutes
the Budget of the Union Government. This statement takes into account a period of
one financial year. The financial year commences in India on 1st April each year. The
statement embodies the estimated receipts and expenditure of the Government of India
for the financial year.

Demands for Grants

The estimates of expenditure included in the Budget and required to be voted by Lok
Sabha are in the form of Demands for Grants. These Demands are arranged Ministrywise and a separate Demand for each of the major services is presented. Each
Demand contains first a statement of the total grant and then a statement of the
detailed estimate divided into items.

Railway Budget

The Budget of the Indian Railways is presented separately to Parliament and dealt
with separately, although the receipts and expenditure of the Railways form part of the
Consolidated Fund of India and the figures relating to them are included in the Annual
Financial Statement.

Presentation

In India, the Budget is presented to Parliament on such date as is fixed by the

President. The Budget speech of the Finance Minister is usually in two parts. Part A
deals with general economic survey of the country while Part B relates to taxation
proposals. General Budget was earlier being presented at 5 P.M. on
***ICC World Cup 2015 - Important Short Notes***

*The 2015 Cricket World Cup was the 11th Cricket World Cup.

*Hosted by- Australia and New Zealand from 14 February to 29 March 2015.
2015 Cricket World Cup Ambassador - Sachin Tendulkar

*This was the second time when the tournament was held in Australia and New
Zealand, with the first being the 1992 Cricket World Cup which was won by Pakistan.

*Important Points

*Australia won the Cricket World Cup for the fifth time.
*Man of the Series: Mitchell Starc
*Man of the Match: James Faulkner
*Most Runs: Martin Guptill
*Most Wickets: Mitchell Starc & Trent Boult

*Teams Played in 2015 ICC Cricket World Cup

India
Australia
Pakistan
South Africa
New Zealand
West Indies
Sri Lanka
Bangladesh
Zimbabwe
United Arab Emirates
Scotland
England
Ireland
Afghanistan (First in World Cups)

*Indian Highlights at the World Cup 2015

*India defeated Pakistan for the 6th Time in A Row in World Cups.
*For the first time India defeated South Africa in a World Cup match.
*MS Dhoni's 100th ODI win as India captain came against Bangladesh. The first nonAustralian captain to won 100 ODI matches and first Indian captain to achieve the
mark. He is also the third captain to won 100 matches, after two Australians, Ricky
Ponting, and Allan Border.
*A record seventh consecutive match in which India bowled the opposition out.
*India lost to Australia as a result Australia never lost a World Cup Semi Final. As a
result of this match, no Asian team qualified for World Cup final, for the first time
since 1987.

*Key Highlights from World Cup Matches:

*Kumar Sungakkara (SL) became the second highest run scorer in ODIs.
*Four players were dismissed for golden ducks during Scotland's innings against New
Zealand, the first such instance in World Cups.
*Shakib Al Hasan became the first Bangladeshi cricketer to achieve 4000 ODI runs.
*Brendon McCullum (NZ) scored the fastest fifty in World Cup history (18 balls), the
third-fastest overall and the fastest ODI fifty by a New Zealander.
*Kumar Sungakkara became the fourth cricketer to play 400 ODI matches.
*Dilshan's score of 161 not out was the highest individual score in an ODI without
hitting a six.

*The Chappell-Hadlee Trophy, the trophy which is usually the prize in any stand-alone
ODI series between Australia and New Zealand.
*Lahiru Thirimanne became the youngest Sri Lankan player to score a century at a
World Cup.
*Joe Root became the youngest English player to score a century at a World Cup.
*Australia's score of 417/6 against debutant Afghanistan is the highest in World Cup
history. *Dawlat Zadran (Afg) became the third bowler in World Cup matches to
concede 100 runs or more in an innings. Australia's victory margin of 275 runs is the
highest in World Cup history.
*Kyle Coetzer scored Scotland's first ever World Cup century and the highestscore by
an associate nation player in World Cups.
*Kumar Sungakkara became the second player to score 14,000 ODI runs, and scored
a record third consecutive World Cup century.
*Mahmudullah Riyad became the first Bangladesh player to score two consecutive
World Cup centuries.
*Chris Gayle became the first batsman to score a Double Century in a World Cup
match and the first ever non-Indian batsman to score an ODI Double Century. Gayle's
Double Century was also the fastest Double Century in ODI cricket. Gayle's 16 sixes
in his innings equaled the ODI record jointly held by Rohit Sharma and AB de Villiers.
*The first time Pakistan defeated South Africa in a World Cup match.
Jean Paul Duminy (SA) became the first South African to take a World Cup hat-trick.
*AB de Villiers now holds the records for the most sixes in one World Cup
tournament (20) and the most sixes in all World Cup matches (36).
*The highest successful run-chase in a World Cup knockout match came forNew
Zealand against South Africa in the Semi Finals.

*The first time New Zealand qualified for a World Cup final.
*Kumar Dharmasena of Sri Lanka was the umpire in World Cup Final. He is the only
player to play in a World Cup Final (1996) and umpire in one(2015).
*S.Ravi of India was in the ICC Cricket World Cup 2015 Umpire panel.
'***ICC World Cup 2015 - Important Short Notes*** *The 2015 Cricket World Cup
was the 11th Cricket World Cup. *Hosted by- Australia and New Zealand from 14
February to 29 March 2015. 2015 Cricket World Cup Ambassador - Sachin Tendulkar
*This was the second time when the tournament was held in Australia and New
Zealand, with the first being the 1992 Cricket World Cup which was won by Pakistan.
*Important Points *Australia won the Cricket World Cup for the fifth time. *Man of the
Series: Mitchell Starc *Man of the Match: James Faulkner *Most Runs: Martin Guptill
*Most Wickets: Mitchell Starc & Trent Boult *Teams Played in 2015 ICC Cricket World
Cup India Australia Pakistan South Africa New Zealand West Indies Sri Lanka
Bangladesh Zimbabwe United Arab Emirates Scotland England Ireland Afghanistan
(First in World Cups) *Indian Highlights at the World Cup 2015 *India defeated
Pakistan for the 6th Time in A Row in World Cups. *For the first time India defeated
South Africa in a World Cup match. *MS Dhoni's 100th ODI win as India captain
came against Bangladesh. The first non-Australian captain to won 100 ODI matches
and first Indian captain to achieve the mark. He is also the third captain to won 100
matches, after two Australians, Ricky Ponting, and Allan Border. *A record seventh
consecutive match in which India bowled the opposition out. *India lost to Australia as
a result Australia never lost a World Cup Semi Final. As a result of this match, no
Asian team qualified for World Cup final, for the first time since 1987. *Key Highlights
from World Cup Matches: *Kumar Sungakkara (SL) became the second highest run
scorer in ODIs. *Four players were dismissed for golden ducks during Scotland's
innings against New Zealand, the first such instance in World Cups. *Shakib Al Hasan
became the first Bangladeshi cricketer to achieve 4000 ODI runs. *Brendon McCullum
(NZ) scored the fastest fifty in World Cup history (18 balls), the third-fastest overall
and the fastest ODI fifty by a New Zealander. *Kumar Sungakkara became the fourth

cricketer to play 400 ODI matches. *Dilshan's score of 161 not out was the highest
individual score in an ODI without hitting a six. *The Chappell-Hadlee Trophy, the
trophy which is usually the prize in any stand-alone ODI series between Australia and
New Zealand. *Lahiru Thirimanne became the youngest Sri Lankan player to score a
century at a World Cup. *Joe Root became the youngest English player to score a
century at a World Cup. *Australia's score of 417/6 against debutant Afghanistan is
the highest in World Cup history. *Dawlat Zadran (Afg) became the third bowler in
World Cup matches to concede 100 runs or more in an innings. Australia's victory
margin of 275 runs is the highest in World Cup history. *Kyle Coetzer scored
Scotland's first ever World Cup century and the highestscore by an associate nation
player in World Cups. *Kumar Sungakkara became the second player to score 14,000
ODI runs, and scored a record third consecutive World Cup century. *Mahmudullah
Riyad became the first Bangladesh player to score two consecutive World Cup
centuries. *Chris Gayle became the first batsman to score a Double Century in a
World Cup match and the first ever non-Indian batsman to score an ODI Double
Century. Gayle's Double Century was also the fastest Double Century in ODI cricket.
Gayle's 16 sixes in his innings equaled the ODI record jointly held by Rohit Sharma
and AB de Villiers. *The first time Pakistan defeated South Africa in a World Cup
match. Jean Paul Duminy (SA) became the first South African to take a World Cup
hat-trick. *AB de Villiers now holds the records for the most sixes in one World Cup
tournament (20) and the most sixes in all World Cup matches (36). *The highest
successful run-chase in a World Cup knockout match came forNew Zealand against
South Africa in the Semi Finals. *The first time New Zealand qualified for a World
Cup final. *Kumar Dharmasena of Sri Lanka was the umpire in World Cup Final. He
is the only player to play in a World Cup Final (1996) and umpire in one(2015).
*S.Ravi of India was in the ICC Cricket World Cup 2015 Umpire panel.'
,


.
21-16,
21-14 .
21-15, 21-11
.

,

18-21, 21-13, 21-12

.
.
# ( #History )
30, Mar, #Monday

1814 - #
1842 -
1853 -

1856 - #

1867 - 72
1919 - #
1919 - #
1949 - #
1950 -
1963 - #
1992 -

# : 30 1856

, # , #

#
#

30 1867 #

72

30 1976 #
18 1975