Synopsis Presentation

SYNOPSIS
PRESENTATION
MEDICALSURGICALNURSING
JeoThomas
MSc. NursingFirst Year
16.11.2009 Sarvodaya College of Nursing, Bangalore

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
“A STUDY TO ASSESS THE
KNOWLEDGE REGARDING
TESTICULAR CANCER AND
TESTICULAR SELF
EXAMINATION AMONG
STUDENTS AT SELECTED
COLLEGES OF BANGALORE
WITH A VIEW TO DEVELOP AN
INFORMATIONAL BOOKLET”
SYNOPSIS PRESENTATION Sarvodaya College of Nursing, Bangalore.

Jeo Thomas, MSc. Nursing 1st yr.
ETIOLOGY
• Hormonal imbalance
• Infections
• Inflammation of muscle due to
some unknown cause

Clinical Manifestations
Nail abnormalities skin rashes Shaw’l sign

facial rashes ‘v’ sign

‘GOTTRON’S SIGN’
Clinical Manifestation
Heliotrope sign
Mechanics hand
Psoriasiform changes in scalp

Periungal erythema in a dermatomyositis

patient

Progressive, gradual (over many
months), symmetric muscle weakness 
difficulty with everyday tasks that require
proximal muscles
• Fine motor skills may be affected later in
the disease course (but are common
early in IBM)
• Painful and sore tendon muscles

• Loss of muscle in more advanced cases:

• Involvement of the muscles of the
pharynx &oesophagus
• Normal sensation

Diagnosis
History collection;
Phisycal examination;
Histopathologic studies:

Diagnosis
• Muscle Biopsy
• Electromyography
• M R I scan

Diagnosis
RADIOGRAPHIC STUDIES

Diagnosis

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
• Glucocorticoids
(steroids) — Glucocorticoids such as
prednisone are typically used as the first-
line treatment
• Methotrexate or azathioprine — Some
people are given a second medication,
such as azathioprine or methotrexate, to
slow or stop the progression of their
disease.
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
• Treatment of resistant disease — If

your dermatomyositis or polymyositis
do not improve with glucocorticoids,
methotrexate, and azathioprine, you
may be able to try other options,
including intravenous immune
globulin, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, or
a number of other regimens.
Preventive measures
• Preventive measures — In
addition to medications, people
with dermatomyositis or
polymyositis should take
precautions to prevent
complications related to the
disease and its treatments.
Osteoporosis prevention
• Osteoporosis prevention — A calcium
supplement (1500 mg) with vitamin D (800 mg),
and an anti-resorptive agent such as
alendronate (Fosamax®), risedronate
(Actonel®), ibandronate (Boniva®), or calcitonin
are recommended, especially for
postmenopausal women and those on high-dose
glucocorticoids. The potential benefits and
possible side-effects of anti-resorptive
medications should be discussed with a
healthcare provider.
Exercise
Exercise — Physical therapy and

rehabilitation should begin soon
after the diagnosis of
dermatomyositis or polymyositis
to prevent contractures
(shortening of the muscle that can
limit joint movement).
Avoidance of Sunlight
• Avoidance of sunlight – People

with dermatomyositis and rash
should protect themselves
from the sun with sunscreen or
by sitting in a shaded area.

Preventing Aspiration
• Preventing aspiration — If you have
difficulty swallowing, you must take care to
avoid inhaling (aspirating) foods and
drinks. This may be done by elevating
your head, using thickened drinks, or in
severe cases, by having a feeding tube
placed in the stomach

Pneumonia Prevention
• Pneumonia prevention — The medications
used to treat dermatomyositis and
polymyositis (glucocorticoids,
azathioprine, and methotrexate) weaken
the immune system. This can increase the
risk of certain infections, including a type
of pneumonia called pneumocystis. To
decrease this risk, an antibiotic (eg
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) may be
recommended
CONCLUSION&SUMMARY
• Polymyositis and dermatomyositis are
uncommon systemic rheumatic diseases
characterized by inflammatory and
degenerative changes in the muscles
(polymyositis) or in the skin and
muscles(dermatomyositis).
• Dermatomyositis has been modeled as an
autoimmune disease largely mediated by the
adaptive immune system

‘‘GOD IS LOVE’’
“THANK YOU”


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SYNOPSIS

MSc. NursingFirst Year

16.11.2009 Sarvodaya College of Nursing, Bangalore

SYNOPSIS PRESENTATION Sarvodaya College of Nursing, Bangalore.

SYNOPSIS PRESENTATION Sarvodaya College of Nursing, Bangalore.

Nail abnormalities skin rashes Shaw’l sign

SYNOPSIS PRESENTATION Sarvodaya College of Nursing, Bangalore.

facial rashes ‘v’ sign

Psoriasiform changes in scalp

Periungal erythema in a dermatomyositis

SYNOPSIS PRESENTATION Sarvodaya College of Nursing, Bangalore.

SYNOPSIS PRESENTATION Sarvodaya College of Nursing, Bangalore.

• Loss of muscle in more advanced cases:

SYNOPSIS PRESENTATION Sarvodaya College of Nursing, Bangalore.

SYNOPSIS PRESENTATION Sarvodaya College of Nursing, Bangalore.

SYNOPSIS PRESENTATION Sarvodaya College of Nursing, Bangalore.

SYNOPSIS PRESENTATION Sarvodaya College of Nursing, Bangalore.

SYNOPSIS PRESENTATION Sarvodaya College of Nursing, Bangalore.

• Treatment of resistant disease — If

Exercise — Physical therapy and

• Avoidance of sunlight – People

SYNOPSIS PRESENTATION Sarvodaya College of Nursing, Bangalore.

SYNOPSIS PRESENTATION Sarvodaya College of Nursing, Bangalore.

SYNOPSIS PRESENTATION Sarvodaya College of Nursing, Bangalore.

SYNOPSIS PRESENTATION Sarvodaya College of Nursing, Bangalore.

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