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JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW TEMPLATE

North American University


Education Department
M.Ed. in Educational Leadership and M.Ed. in Curriculum and Instruction
EDUC 5324
Name:___Ali Gumus_____________

Date: ______7/5/2015_______________

Cite the reviewed article in APA format:

Waxman, H., Boriack, A., Yuan-Hsuan, L., & MacNeil, A. (2013). Principals' Perceptions
of the Importance of Technology in Schools. Contemporary Educational
Technology, 4(3), 187-196.
INTRODUCTION
Research Questions (if research questions are not specifically mentioned, what is
the theoretical background or overarching theme):

(a) What are principals perceptions of the importance of technology?


(b) Do principals perceptions of technology differ by years of experience and gender?

Purpose of the research:

There have been relatively few studies that have examined the influence of gender and
experience on principals use of computers (Serhan, 2009).
METHODOLOGY
What is the methodology for the research or approach used to understand the
issue? Provide information regarding the following:

Participants: 310 principals from a large metropolitan area in the southwest region of
the United States.
Procedures: The questionnaire was administered by graduate students in the
Educational Leadership program at a major, urban doctoral-granting university located in
the south central region of the U.S. As part of the principals certification course
requirements, students were trained on how to administer the instrument and required to
interview a specific number of current public school principals. The survey instrument
was designed specifically for this purpose and included both qualitative and quantitative
questions.
Data Collection Methods/Data Source: As previously discussed, principals
cognitions and perceptions have been found to be valid and reliable and the use of
cognitive interviewing further improves the validity of the data (Desimonte & Le Floch,
2004). For this study, only the data from the interviews was used. The interview questions

were Has technology had an impact in your school?" and "If so, in what specific ways
has it made a difference?
Data Analysis: Analysis of the interview data began with a process of data reduction.
The participants responses were read several times to become familiar with the data. The
data was then coded into meaningful categories. Once the categories were established,
another researcher independently coded a 10% sample of responses to determine the
consistency of the coding. The inter-coder reliability results revealed a high level of
agreement (Cohens kappa = .94).

RESULTS

Findings or Results (or main points of the article):

Table 1. Principals Perceptions of the


Major Function
of Technology
Major Function of
Technology (n=310)
%
Communication
34.5
Instruction
27.7
Data sharing and
management
13.6
Resource
14.5
Administrative tasks
10
Student learning
9.7
Note. Percentages do not add up to 100
since some responses
were in more than one category.

Table 2. Principals Perceptions of the Major


Function of Technology by Sex
Major Function of
Female
Technology
Male (n=126) (n=184)
Communication
32.5%
35.9%
Instruction
32.6%
24.6%
Data sharing and
management
15.0%
15.2%
Resource
15.9%
13.6%
Administrative tasks
12.0%
8.7%
Student learning
7.2%
11.5%
Note. Percentages do not add up to 100 since some
responses
were in more than one category.

Table 3 Principals Perceptions of the Major Function of Technology by Years of


Experience
12-15 > 15
Yrs
Yrs
Major Function of
0-3 Yrs
4-7 Yrs
8-11 Yrs
(n=32 (n=31
Technology
(n=104)
(n=82)
(n=55)
)
)
Communication
38.5%
32.9%
30.9% 28.1% 35.5%

Instruction
Data sharing and
management
Resource
Administrative tasks
Student learning

24.1%

30.4%

23.6% 31.3% 38.7%

10.6%
21.2%
6.7%
9.6%

18.3%
7.3%
12.2%
14.6%

14.6%
9.1%
3.6%
3.6%

21.9% 19.4%
12.5% 25.8%
15.6% 19.4%
12.5% 6.4%

Note. Percentages do not add up to 100 since some responses were in more than one
category.

DISCUSSIONS
Conclusions/Implications (for your profession):

The present study indicates that principals perceptions of the major functions of
technology in their schools are varied by sex and years of experience. This may influence
the leadership that principals provide when implementing technology in their schools and
needs to be studied further in order to better understand the implications for technology
use in schools.
REFLECTIONS
Students Reflections (changes to your understanding; implications for your
school/work):
I personally strongly support technology usage in

school setting. The main concern is


how to train the teachers in an efficient way. The tight teacher schedules throughout the
year is avoiding school administrator and district level officer to implement the
technology usage. And the teacher s are complaining about the quality of the training all
the time. Districts should maintain good trainers for these trainings.

References;
Waxman, H., Boriack, A., Yuan-Hsuan, L., & MacNeil, A. (2013). Principals' Perceptions
of the Importance of Technology in Schools. Contemporary Educational
Technology, 4(3), 187-196.

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