LightIntensityInvestigation&

BeautificationofPasirRisPark

CHIJSt.NicholasGirlsSchool

TeamBlackCurrent

Aim/Purposeofourproject
:
TocomeupwithaplantomakePasirRisParkanewtourismattractioninSingaporethatis
budgetfriendlybyinstallingsolarpanelsandLEDlights.

Whyanewtouristattraction?

SignificanceoftheTourismIndustrytoSingapore:
TourismisoneofthemostimportantindustrialsectorstoSingaporeseconomybecause
Singapore,beingsosmall,doesnothaveextralandforagriculture,nordoesithavenatural
resourceslikepetroleum.Itsfinancialresourcesmainlycomefromitsindustries.Apartfrom
manufacturingandcommercialsales,touristspendingcouldalsoleadtoeconomicgrowthin
Singaporeandanincreaseinemploymentopportunitiesintourismrelatedindustries.Italso
expandsitsoverseasrepresentationwithrelevancetoothercountries.
Hence,varioustouristattractionswerebuiltinSingapore,suchasJurongBirdPark,Chinatown,
andKampongGlamtomakeSingaporemoreattractivetooverseasvisitors.

NumberoftouristsinSingaporeinoneyear:

Year

Numberoftourists

2010

11,641,700

2011

13,171,303

2012

14,496,091

2013

15,567,923


Basedonthetablesandgraphabove,itisshownthatthenumberoftouristsinSingapore
increasesgraduallyeachyear.

WiththedevelopmentsinthetourismindustryinSingapore,Singapore'seconomyhasbeen
improvingsteadilyoverthepastfewyears.Thisshowshowsignificantthetourismindustryisto
SingaporeitclearlycontributestoSingaporeseconomy.

Hence,aswewanttoworkonaprojectthatwillbenefitSingaporesdevelopment,wedecided
tofocusonhowtoimprovethetourismindustryinSingaporebycreatingnewattractionssoas
toattractmorevisitorstoSingapore.

PasirRisParkismostlyvisitedbytheresidentslivingnearbytoexercise,ortohaveafunday
outwiththeirfamilies.However,duetoitscharmingandtranquilsurroundings,whichconsistsof
greenery,beaches,aswellasvariousmeaningfultrailssuchasMangroveWalk,wefoundthat
PasirRisPark,havethepotentialtobetransformedintoanewtouristattraction.We,hence
cameupwiththeideatoinstallLEDlightsinPasirRisPark,andmakeittheveryfirstLEDlight
themedparkinSingapore.Bytransformingexistingparksintonewattractions,weareactually
savingland/makingfulluseoftheland,aswellassavingconstructioncosts,andthereforeitis
animpactfulprojecttoworkon.

CurrentEnergyConsumptioninSingapore:
Singaporestotalfinalenergyconsumption(TFEC)fellby6.5%to13,425ktoein2013.

Almosttwothirds(65%or8,779ktoe)ofTFECwasattributedtothe
industrialrelatedsector
,
predominantlyintheformofpetroleumproducts(5,886ktoe)andelectricity(1,619ktoe).
Consumersinthe
transportrelatedandcommerceandservicesrelatedsectors
accounted

for18%(2,355ktoe)and12%(1,596ktoe)ofenduseconsumptionrespectively.The
transportrelatedsector
consumedmainlypetroleumproducts(2,133ktoe),whilethe
commerceandservicesrelatedsector
mostlyconsumedelectricity(1,428ktoe).
Householdsaccountedfor4.9%(664ktoe)oftotalenergyconsumption,primarilyintheformof
electricity(582ktoe)andnaturalgasbywayoftowngas(52ktoe).

AccordingtotheEnergyMarketAuthority,Singaporestotalelectricityconsumptionroseby
3.3%to46TWhin2014,mainlyduetoanincreaseofindustrialrelatedconsumptionby5.1%to
20TWh.Similarly,basedonthepiechartabove,wecanseethatindustriescontributetoa
largeportionofSingaporestotalenergyconsumption,asmuchas65%.Tourismispartofthe
industryanditalsocontributesalottothehighenergyconsumption.Forexample,thecasinoin
UniversalStudiosSingaporeoperatesalldaylongtocatertovisitors.Hence,thisnewattraction
comesasaverycostandenergyefficientproject,wherewecanpotentiallyincreasethe
numberofforeignersandvisitorstoSingapore,andatthesametime,notuseuptoomuch
nonrenewableenergy.Thus,itwillnotaddontoomuchtothecurrentlyhighenergy
consumptionofSingapore.

EnergyConsumptioninPasirRis(kWh):

Year

EnergyConsumptioninkWh

2005

490.3

2010

493.1

2011

479.5

2012

477.0

2014

478.0

Fromthebargraphabove,wecanseethattheenergyconsumptionofPasirRisisdecreasing
overtheyears.However,wehopethatwiththeplantoinstallsolarpanels,theamountof
energyconsumptioncanbereduced,tothepointwhereitcansolelydependontheelectricity
generatedbythesolarpanels.

WhyLEDlights?
Inadditiontohowsolarenergyisbeneficialtotheenvironment,LEDbulbsare'smart'inasense
thattheyaremuchbetterthantheusualIncandescentorCFLbulbs.LEDbulbsare,
nowadays,
an efficient way of illumination and lighting, with an estimated energy efficiency of

80%-90%, which means that about 80% of the electrical energy is converted to light, while
20% is lost and converted into other forms of energy such as heat. With traditional
incandescent light bulbs that operate only at 20% energy efficiency, 80% of the energy is
lost.
Besides that, LED light bulbs also have a high design flexibility. They can be found in many
shapes to produce highly efficient illumination. Individual LEDs can be dimmed, resulting in
a dynamic control of light, color and distribution. Well-designed LED illumination systems
can achieve fantastic lighting effects, not only for the eye but also for the mood and the
mind. This way, our plan to use the colourful LED lightings to create different themes in the
park at different times of the year can be achieved.
Furthermore, LED light bulbs are operational in extreme temperatures, making it safe and
suitable to be hung on the trees in Pasir Ris Park, which are at high temperatures. LED bulbs
and diodes also have an outstanding operational life time expectation of up to 100000
hours. This is 11 years of continuous operation, or 22 years of 50% operation, meaning that
with the one-time cost of installation, this new tourist attraction can carry on for 22 years,
saving trouble and money. Thus, LED bulbs are
betteralternativesforthisideaascomparedto
usinganyothertypesoflightbulbs.

Whatexactlywearedoinginthisproject:
InaccordancewiththethemeofSmartNationgivenbySLAforGeospatialChallenge,wewant
topromotetheuseofsolarpanelsbyusingsolarenergytoobtainelectricity,andLEDlights
whichhavehighenergyefficiency.ThisistoreducetheenergyconsumptioninSingapore,
whichiscurrentlyveryhigh,andalsotoreducetheburningoffossilfuelstoobtainenergy,so
thatitismoreenvironmentalfriendly.

WewanttoinstallsolarpanelsinsomepartsofPasirRisparkwherelightintensityishigh,so
thatwecanobtainasmuchsolarenergyaspossible,andinstallLEDlightsincertainplacesin
PasirRisParkthathavethepotentialtoattractvisitors,soastoimprovetheaestheticappealof
thoseplacesandallowvisitorstohavebetterexperiencesatthepark.

WiththeLEDlightings,weplantocreateanewtouristattractioninPasirRisParkinSingapore
thatdoesnotcosttoomuch.Theonlytimewhenthereisaslightlyhighercostwhenimproving
theparkwouldbetheinstallationofthesolarpanels.Thesolarenergyisrenewable,soitis
bothenvironmentalandcostfriendly.

Assuperstitiousasitmaysound,therearerumoursaboutPasirRisbeinghaunted,for
example,accordingtoEastieBreakkie(2015),therearecasesoftragediesstrikingPasirRis
BeachParkaftertwoteenageboysdrownedwhileswimminginPasirRisBeach.Thishas
impactedthenumberofpeoplewhovisitedPasirRisParkovertheyearsthenumbersstarted
tofall.Peopleareafraidoftheeerinessandspookinessoftheparkatnight,especiallysince

therearelargenumbersoftreesandbushes.WehopethatbyaddingtheLEDlightingstothe
treesinthepark,whichwilllightupbrightlyatnight,whichmakestheparkseemlessmorbid
andscarytovisitors,especiallyatnight.Thismayhopefullyincreasethenumberofpeople
visitingthepark,bothinthedayandatnight,sincetheplacebecomesmoreaesthetically
appealingandwelcoming.

Furthermore,PasirRisParkisveryhuge.However,mostofthelandisveryplainand
unappealingthereareonlytreesandgrass.Thisway,thelargeamountoflandiswasted
becausenotmanypeoplevisitthehugeparkduetoitsunattractiveness.Wewanttofullymake
useofthehugeareatheparkhas,andbeautifytheparkwithourLEDlightingssothatmore
visitorsmaywanttovisitthepark,andthelandisnotwasted.Thepark,whichcouldpossiblybe
atouristattractionwillcreateagoodimpressionofSingaporeamongstthetouristsSingapore
isatechnologicallyadvanced,smartnation.

Atthesametime,byaddingtheLEDlightstothepark,wewillnotbemakingtheplacetoo
unnaturalandfullofmanmadeitems.LEDbulbsaresmallandtranslucent,sotheywillnotbe
toovisibleintheday,andthevisitorswillstillbeabletorevelinthebeautyofMotherNature.At
nightiswhenthemodernised,smartnationimageofSingaporewillemerge.Thiswillbein
accordancewithwhatourgovernmentwantstoachieveagardencityandasmartnation.

Howmanysolarpanelsareweinstalling?

Every100squarefeet(~9m)ofsolarpanelsproduces10kW
ofelectricityaday.FornormaloutdoorLEDlightings,asin
ourcase,weareusingministringlightsforoutdoorpatio
decoration,whichonlyconsumes0.3Wofpower.Itis
estimatedthatonetreewillneedaround100bulbs,andone
spotsmayhaveatleast100treesormore,hencethetotal
electricityneededforallthreespotswillbearound10kW.In
additiontothestreetlightsandotherLEDlightsatplaces
apartfromthetrees,wewillneedtoinstallatotalof20
squaremetersofsolarpanels,evenlydistributedatthe3
areaswherethereisthestrongestlightintensity.

AestheticAppealofourLEDLightings
UsingLEDlightingstodecorateaplace,forexample,bycreatingavarietyofshapesandcolour
isthenewformofartinthe20thcentury.Lessmanpowerisneeded,ascomparedtooldenart
craftsandpaintings.Thelightingeffectswillbevisuallyappealingtoo.

WheretoinstallsolarpanelsandLEDlightings

The5areaswhicharethedarkestredaretheareaswherethesolarpanelsshouldbeinstalled
intheparktoabsorbsolarenergy,sincetheseareashavethehighestlightintensity.

Thesearetheareas(the3bluestarsonthemap)whereLEDlightswillbeinstalledon
thetrees.TheplacesareMangroveWalk,BicycleKioskandMazeGarden.These
placeshavethepotentialtobedevelopedintosuccessfultouristattractions.

Firstly,theyarealllocatedinthecentralareaofthepark.
itiseasilyaccessibletovisitorswhocomeinfromthedifferentgatessinceitisinthe
middleportionofthepark.

Theyarealsonearthegatewhichwillmostlikelybetheonemostfrequentlyusedby
visitorsthegatenearesttoanMRTstation,hence,peoplewillhaveaneasiertime
gettingtothelocations.

Thesethreeareasareallattractions/significantareasofthepark,whichmeanstheyare
morelikelytogainattentionfromvisitors.Hence,ifweaddtheLEDlightsthere,the
placeswouldbeevenmoreaestheticallyappealingandtherefore,morevisitorsoreven
foreignerswouldbeattractedtocomevisitthethreeplaces.

Theaveragecalculatedwalkingtimefromthevariousaccesspointstothe3attractionsisabout
11minutes.Thisshowshowaccessibletheplacesaresincepeopleareabletogetthereunder
20minutes.Whichmeanstheyhaveagreaterchanceofbeingvisitedbypeople,andhasthe
potentialtodevelopintotouristattractions.Thisisthereasonwhywechosethese3places.

ThethreechosenattractionswillbemadeintothreedifferentLEDlightingthemedparks.

1) BicycleKiosk

Theme:ModernCity

InconjunctionwithSG50,thelaunchofthisLEDlightedBicycleKioskcanreflecthowfar
Singaporehasprogressedintobecomingasmartnationinthepast50years,andthiscan
createagoodimageforforeigners.LEDlightscanchangetheircolourscanbeusedindifferent
forms,thuswecanhavedifferentthemesintheparkduringthedifferenttimesoftheyear,
especiallyasthedecorationforthemanyfestivalsinSingapore,forexample,thelightscanbe
redduringChineseNewYear,ortherecanbecolourfullanternswiththeLEDlightsinsidethem
duringtheMidAutumnFestival.

Notforgettingtomentionedthatrecently,TheWhite
HouseinWashington,Americawaslitupinrainbow
colours
tocelebrateaSupremeCourtrulingthat
legalizedsamesexmarriagearoundthecountry.
Thishasattractedasizeablecrowdgatheringoutside
thewhitehousetocelebratetherulingandcatcha
glimpseofthelightdisplay.Withreferencetothis,we
canaswellmakeuseoftheideatohaveinteresting
lightdisplaysaccordingtothesignificantevents
takingplaceinSingapore,gatheringallresidentsto
celebrate
theeventstogetheratPasirRisPark,asanalternativetothefrequentlyvisitedplacessuchas
NationalStadiumandOrchardRoad.Forexample,theNationalDayParadecantakeplacein
PasirRisParkfeaturinginterestinglightdisplays,providingthatPasirRisParkhasthelarge
spacetoholdthecrowds.


Thiswillmaketheparkmoreinterestingandlessboringsincethethemewillchange,and
visitorswillbeabletoseeadifferentsideofthepark.Ascomparedtootherattractionsin
Singapore,whichmakeuseofthingsoreventssuchasexpensivemusicfountainshows,these
LEDlightsbaseddecorationscostmuchlesser.Wecanlightuptheentireplacewithrainbow
colouredLEDlightstomakethenightsceneryasplendidbackdrop.Thiswilldefinitelybea
successfultouristattraction

Whywechosethisplace:
Nowadays,mostpeopleusuallyonlycycleinthedayduetosafety
orsuperstitiousreasons,thustheparkisnotvisitedasmuchatnight.WiththeLEDlightings,
peoplecanenjoythecolourfulsceneryofPasirRisParkastheycycleatnight.Thesolarenergy
absorbedbythesolarpanelscanalsobeusedtopowerthestreetlights.Itwillbequitea
specialandinterestingexperiencetocycleatnightwithallthestrikingcoloursoftheLEDlights
scatteredacrosstheattraction,whichintensifiesthebeautyoftheparkatnight.Hence,this
placehasthepotentialtoattractmorevisitors,thus,itwaschosen.Thisplaceisalsoquite
centraltotheparkitiseasilyaccessibletovisitorswhocomeinfromthedifferentgatessinceit
isinthemiddleportionofthepark.Itisalsonearthegatewhichwillmostlikelybetheonemost
frequentlyusedbyvisitorsthegatenearesttoanMRTstation,hence,peoplewillhavean
easiertimegettingtotheplace.

TargetAudience
:Teenagers,families

2) MazeGarden

Theme:Christmas

Whywechosethisplace:
MazeGardenisratheradullattractionwithonlygreenery,whichisnotaestheticallyappealing,
butinstead,becomesscaryatnight.Hence,wewanttomakethisplaceintoaromantic,
enjoyableplacewithfallingsnow(fakesnow)andtheLEDlightstomaketheplacemorevibrant
andlivelyatnight.InSingapore,itdoesnotsnow,sothiscreatesanartificialeffectofa
romantic,snowingChristmassceneatthepark,whichcanmaketheplacemorebeautiful.Itwill
beaniceplaceforcouplestohavetheirdatesorspendtimewitheachother.Thisplaceisalso
quitecentraltotheparkitiseasilyaccessibletovisitorswhocomeinfromthedifferentgates
sinceitisinthemiddleportionofthepark.ItisalsonearthegatewheretheMRTisnear,thus,
itisquiteconvenientforvisitors.

TargetAudience
:Couples

3) MangroveWalk


Theme:EnchantedGardenasseeninfairytales

Whywechosethisplace:
MangroveWalkisaneducationalplacetovisit,especiallyforchildrenwheretheycanlearn
moreaboutnature,suchasthewidevarietyoffloraandfaunainnature.Goingtothisplaceat
nightwouldbeanevenbetteropportunityforthemtolearnmoreaboutnocturnalanimals,and
thisiswheretheLEDlightscomeintheywilllightuptheplacetomakeitlookmorebeautiful
andattractivetochildren.ThethemeofEnchantedGardenmaymakeitmorefascinatingand
interestingtothem,whichattractstheirattention.Thiscanalsogivethemamoreunique,
surrealandfascinatingexperienceatthepark,becausethebeautifulscenesseeninfairytales
willseemtocometrueinreallifeattheMangroveWalk.Thenightscenewouldbebeautifuland
breathtaking.TheLEDlightswilljusthelptocreatethemagical,mysticalatmosphereofthe
place.
ThisscenecannotbeestablishedthroughSingapore'snaturalecosystem,andcanbeonly
achievedthroughLEDlights,forexample,wellshapedfirefliesorglowingbutterflieswhich
establishagoodsenseofappealandcontributetothefantasylikeexperience.

TargetAudience:Children